Canaan Valley - Knowledge (XXG)

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fire was not a threat. The lumbermen came, ultimately, and if total and permanent destruction of the entire area had been an aim it could scarcely have been more fully realized. An official of the company boasted that in 100,000 acres (400 km) they had not left one stick of timber that would make a two-by-four. Log yields were fantastic; some land on the valley floor scaled 80,000 board feet (200 m) to 100,000 board feet (200 m) of lumber ... With all cover removed, organic material at ground level began to dry out; soon it was high-grade fuel, and the inevitable fires got started. There followed such a ground fire as this state has never seen before or since. For months this humus layer smoldered, and neither rains nor snows could stop the fire's slow advance. The village of Davis was saved by a series of deep trenches around it, these kept filled with water carried from the Blackwater River. When the destruction was complete, all vegetable matter that wasn't soaked had burned ... Bare rocks remained, and thin mineral soil, this often several feet lower than ground level in the original forest. Canaan and environs had become a desert. I have often wondered if the Pittsburgh company responsible for this has been proud of its job, and if it has enjoyed the resultant wealth.

2177:, viewed the valley from Cabin Mountain in April, 1748 and exclaimed "Besiehe das Land Canaan" However, numerous early documented accounts of the Valley (as discussed in the previous paragraph above) describe it as being just the opposite, a nightmarish landscape..."gloomy, foreboding", with extremely difficult access in the 1700s. In fact, the first documented description of the Valley only 2 years prior to Harness's supposed 1748 proclamation stated that it was so wild and forbidding that it was "sufficient to strike terror into any human or creature". Furthermore, the river emptying the Valley (now called the Blackwater) was called the River of Styx, meaning River of the Dead. This dark history, along with the Valley's cold, snowy climate and eastern Canadian-like forest and landscapes, have led some to theorize that the original name was actually " 2425: 60: 334:

expeditions into its wild, nearly impenetrable wilderness as a place suffix to strike terror into the hearts of men, not being fit for man or beast, and as harboring the dark River of Styx (River of the Dead), now called less frighteningly, the Blackwater River. Furthermore, the name "Canaan" is strikingly similar to "Canadian", with Canaan only missing only two letters (d & i) to spell "Canadian".

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with 30 years experience in the Valley—had this purchase not occurred by a public utility at a time when the scientific and environmental value of wetland was not yet recognized, the northern Valley would undoubtedly have been drained and developed by commercial and private interests in the 1950s and

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Due to its proximity to both the warm Gulf of Mexico and frigid interior northern Canada, periods of warm above freezing conditions alternate with frigid temperatures. This results in periods of rain and snow even during the coldest months. This characteristic of the climate normally holds snow depth

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Canaan Valley had a tragic history, and its comeback has been a slow one. A hundred years ago valley and surrounding ridges were covered by red spruce forest of a density that is hard to imagine today. Under such a forest the sun never reached to ground level, humus accumulated through the ages, and

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Fansler and his family hacked out a living on Freeman Creek in the Valley for three years before the harsh winters and poor farming potential forced them to move to the mouth of the Blackwater a few miles away. Fansler was the first Canaan settler whose name is known, although there is known to have

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Summers are cool and humid with afternoon maximum temperatures averaging in the mid 70s °F. Summer morning minimum temperatures average in the low to mid 50s °F. The average growing season of about 95 days is shorter than in Fairbanks, Alaska in interior central Alaska. Sub-freezing temperatures in

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forests much further north. It has been described by ecologists and conservationists as "a bit of Canada gone astray". The Valley includes several habitat types, but particularly noteworthy are its extensive wetlands, which are the largest in the entire central and southern Appalachian region; they

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The rugged and remote "High Allegheny" region (what is now east-central West Virginia), including the Valley, was bypassed by development for many decades. As large-scale settlement occurred to its north, south and west the region remained relatively wild. In the 19th Century, the Valley was a last

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was developing ski slopes on the Valley side of Bald Knob of Cabin Mountain Within the decade, a 3,600-foot (1,100 m) slope on Cabin Mountain and a 3,900 feet (1,200 m) slope on Weiss Knob had been developed. Because of its protection from the sun, snow on that side of the mountain often

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Canaan Valley and surrounding areas were strongly impacted by the southward advance of glaciers some 15,000 years ago. Although the glaciers themselves did not extend this far south into the area, this climatic change resulted in a very cool, moist environment that was forest-unfriendly. Later, as

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However, it has also been speculated for decades now that Canaan Valley early on was called the "Canadian Valley", little resembling the biblical Canaan's land of "milk and honey". That speculation is based on arguments that the valley looks very similar to Canada and was first described by early

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undertook as one of its projects the reforestation of Canaan Mountain. In areas where there was no soil at all to work with, trucks were run from the Valley continuously bringing dark muck soil to the mountaintop. Spruce seedlings were packed in, each requiring a bushel or two of soil, and by the

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that would flood much of the Valley The WVPTC was not, of course, motivated by any preservationist or environmentalist impulses, but this land purchase was decisive for the fate of the Valley and the power company proved an unwitting guardian of the natural wetlands from development. According to

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Winters are typically cold and snowy with an average winter producing 170.2 inches (432 cm) of snowfall. The largest snowfall of 257 inches (650 cm) was recorded in the 1995–96 winter. Even in the mildest of winters, over 5 feet (150 cm) of snow falls. Snow pack usually reaches a

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The Valley floor is very flat, encompasses approximately 25,000 acres (although the greater Valley ecosystem is sometimes considered to consist of about 36,000 acres). The average valley floor elevation is 3,200 feet (980 m) above sea level, making it the highest sizable valley east of the

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made passage through the Valley floor almost impossible until the advent of a logging railroad in 1915. The productivity of the timber stands extracted from the Valley floor between 1888 and 1922 (when the last virgin timber was removed) was twice that of similar stands within the state.

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Serious accidents, even fatal ones, were not uncommon in the logging industry in West Virginia in its heyday. A particularly noteworthy one occurred on 5 February 1924 in Canaan Valley when Babcock's Engine #4 wrecked and killed superintendent Fred V. Viering.

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veteran known as the "Pioneer of Canaan", was a noted bear hunter. He and his sons were said to have killed more than 500 bears in Canaan Valley (as well as countless deer, two panthers and a wolf). Other families arrived to settle in the Valley in the 1870s.

2407:, the nation's 500th. In 2002, Allegheny – having kept development of most of the Valley at bay since its 1923 land purchase – finally sold its 12,000 acres (49 km) to the government to be added to the Refuge. With additional acquisitions, the present 3024:, p. 32 of the 1925 reprint edition: "Our horses and often our Selves often fell into Clefts & Cavities without Seeing the danger Before we felt the Effects of it ... for in Striving to Evade a Seen Dangerous or Bad place we often fell into a worse." 2358:

In 1970, Allegheny Power requested permits for the long-anticipated hydroelectric facility in the Valley. This power plant would have supplied electricity to major metropolitan areas of the northeastern United States. The proposal involved damming the

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with consequent flooding of about 8,000 acres (32 km), including all of the wetland — roughly 25% of the Valley floor. Public objections were raised and, in the midst of the furor, the Valley was designated a National Natural Landmark by the

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originates in the southern end of the Valley among numerous bogs and beaver ponds. The Falls of the Blackwater represent part of a water gap through which the river exits the Valley between Brown and Canaan Mountains before cascading through

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The earliest settler to make a successful and permanent livelihood in the Valley came more than 60 years after Fansler when Solomon W. Cosner began living at Fansler's old homestead in 1864. The country was described at that time as one of

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History of Tucker County, West Virginia, From the Earliest Explorations and Settlement to the Present Time, etc ... Journal Printing House, Kingwood, W.Va. (Reprinted, McClain Printing Company, Parsons, W.Va., 1971 and

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named Charles R. Ruffin bought 5,000 acres (20 km) of the Valley and organized the "Canaan Valley Blue Grass & Improvement Company", but his scheme to create a vast and profitable cattle ranch came to nothing.

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the ice receded, many cold-adapted plant species remained behind and survived due to the high elevation. Soon, however, this tundra-like vegetation was largely crowded out by the growth of an extraordinarily dense

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were killed in Canaan Valley by members of the Flanagan and Carr families, local settlers who habitually hunted there. These were likely the last elk found wild in the region that later became West Virginia.

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The History of Randolph County, West Virginia, From its Earliest Settlement to the Present, The Acme Publishing Company, Morgantown, W.Va. (Reprinted, McClain Printing Company, Parsons, W.Va., 1961)

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which can often be seen from the main roads. The deer have become so conditioned to human presence that they are no longer frightened; feeding and interacting with the deer is strongly discouraged.

2303:. This is the only north–south highway in the Valley and it was along this route that the later development of the 20th century occurred. Electrification came to this part of the Valley in 1938. 3523: 3774: 358:

Mississippi River. The surrounding mountains extend upward an additional 1,250 to 4,450 ft (380 to 1,360 m) at the summit of Weiss Knob on the southeastern rim of the valley.

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Canaan Valley shares much of the plant and animal life characteristic of the rest of the state, but its 40 botanical communities also include species otherwise found only in

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Ski and Snowboard America - Mid-Atlantic: The Complete Guide to Downhill Skiing, Snowboarding, Cross Country Skiing, Snow Tubing, and More Throughout the Mid-Atlantic Region

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was created at the southern end of the Valley in an attempt to further develop a ski industry in the state. An 18-hole golf course was also constructed there at this time.

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Allard, H.A. and E.C. Leonard (1952), "Canaan and Stony River Valleys of West Virginia, Their Former Magnificent Spruce Forests, Their Vegetation and Floristics Today,",

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is the higher layer supporting the mountains surrounding Canaan Valley and also constitutes the sharp rim of the nearby Blackwater Gorge. Tombstone-like outcroppings of

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maximum depth of about 2 feet (0.61 m) or more in late February. In exceptionally cold snowy winters, packs can exceed 4 feet (1.2 m) in depth in the woods.

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are also exposed at places along the Valley floor. A relatively high area within the Valley – the Central Pocono Ridge – is composed of the erosion-resistant

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from which the area questionably takes its name. According to legend, this is the result of improper pronunciation by the German settler who named the valley.

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which ruled that a Clean Water Act permit was in fact required for work to commence. The adverse ruling by the appeals court was itself appealed to the

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The origins of Canaan Valley's name are controversial. According to local legend, a German settler named Henry Fansler, who was migrating from the

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original forests is swampy, but, as soon as the timber is removed, the water dries up ... Water stands in horse tracks in the woods." Cosner, a

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Because of its relatively high elevation of 3,200 feet, Canaan Valley has a cooler, moister climate than surrounding areas at lower altitudes.

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As the legend goes, he described the valley as being as gorgeous as the Canaan described in the Bible. His mispronunciation of the word stuck.

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refuge for many of the large mammal species that were being exterminated from the eastern United States. In about 1843, for example, three

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habitats ... contain ... an aggregation of these habitats seldom found in the eastern United States. It is unique as a northern

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Fortney, Ronald H. (1993), "Canaan Valley – An Area of Special Interest within the Upland Forest Region", Chapter 4 in:

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The Valley's unique climatic and natural features attract a steady flow of outdoor recreationalists. Camping, hiking,

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which in 1988 declined to hear the case. This represented the final nail in the coffin of the Davis Power Project.

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1940s a new spruce forest had been established on the slopes overlooking the Valley. In 1943–44, as part of the

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Vogel, Christopher A., Leffler, R.; Climate of Canaan Valley, Southeastern Naturalist, Oct. 2015, pgs. 18-32.

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The Blackwater Chronicle, A Narrative of an Expedition into the Land of Canaan in Randolph County, Virginia

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Logging of the surrounding mountains was extensive in the 1880s and '90s, but impenetrable understories of

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Climate data for Canaan Valley #2, West Virginia, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1944–present: 3254ft (992m)

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Birdlife is prolific, especially those species attracted by the valley's wetlands. These include ducks (

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been an earlier abortive homesteader in the 1770s or '80s who left descendants elsewhere in the county.

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Climate data for Canaan Mountain, West Virginia (Davis 3SE), 2002–2020 normals, extremes 2002–present

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valley. The Valley itself is carved into the low dome of sedimentary rock known as the Blackwater

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Canaan Valley's elevation and geographic location allow it to receive significant upslope snow (

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Goin' Up Gandy: A History of the Dry Fork Region of Randolph and Tucker Counties, West Virginia

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described the ensuing environmental damage in his classic book on Appalachian natural history:

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to the east. The northern half of Cabin Mountain is part of the Eastern Continental Divide.

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Blackwater Falls State Park and Canaan Valley State Park: Resources, Geology and Recreation

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the 20's F (-3 C or lower) have been recorded in all three summer months (Jun, Jul, Aug.).

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age (345–270 million years ago) about one million years ago. The hard, erosion-resistant

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In addition to the two state parks and one wildlife refuge, the valley is home to two

402:. In the Canaan Valley region, the Blackwater River began carving into the underlying 3763: 2784: 2735: 2723: 2708: 2676: 2664: 2539: 2480: 2452: 2380:. Contentious public hearings ensued and the following year the project was denied a 1879: 1016: 466: 450:

on the ground to below what it would be without mild periods and rainfall occurring.

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The valley and surrounding highlands provide some of the most southern pockets of

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The first Europeans to see Canaan Valley were likely the surveyors of the famous

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represent approximately 40% of the wetland found in the state of West Virginia.

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In 1920, the southern third of the Valley was included in the newly established

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In 1994, about 86 acres (350,000 m) of the Valley were purchased by the

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had virtually exhausted its commercial prospects in the Valley. In 1923, the

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who crossed Canaan Mountain in 1746 under conditions of extreme difficulty.

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community at this latitude by virtue of its size, elevation and diversity."

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Over 580 plant species have been documented in the Valley, notably various

2279: 39: 2704: 2598: 216: 3300:, West Virginia University Extension Service, Morgantown, West Virginia. 2143:'s 1853 engraving "Night in the Canaan". No trace of the great primeval 2136: 2688: 2579: 2551: 2547: 2447: 3264: 2893: 2575: 2571: 2543: 2520: 2516: 2492: 2211: 383: 324: 2989:

U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020)

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which bisects the southern end of the Valley, connecting Davis to

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Source 2: XMACIS (snowfall, temp records & monthly max/mins)

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Land of Canaan, Plain Tales from the Mountains of West Virginia

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are also found in some of the cold, clean streams of the area.

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More than 280 animal species have been recorded in the Valley.

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citation indicates that the Valley is "a splendid 'museum' of

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The Valley, nestled among the higher backbone ranges of the

2920:"Canaan Valley #2, West Virginia 1991–2020 Monthly Normals" 2613:. These wetlands are the southernmost nesting site for the 309: 286: 277: 200: 191: 211:) is a large bathtub-shaped upland valley in northeastern 27:

Upland valley in northeastern Tucker County, West Virginia

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Matchen, D.L., Fedorko, N., and Blake Jr., B.M. (1998),

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Monongahela National Forest map of Canaan Valley Area

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issued a license to Allegheny for construction of a

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List of National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia

2451:form the second largest inland wetland area in the 2327:range and maneuver area before troops were sent to 303: 280: 194: 134: 124: 116: 108: 103: 95: 87: 32: 3361:Spruce Knob–Seneca Rocks National Recreation Area 2991:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2965:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2943:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3014:The Fairfax Line: Thomas Lewis's Journal of 1746 3775:Protected areas of Tucker County, West Virginia 2835:Canaan Valley Resort - the proper pronunciation 2511:. Late August experiences impressive blooms of 2411:is almost 17,000 acres (69 km) in extent. 465:, the Valley is often near the western edge of 3293:, 1:24,000 scale (Map, with explanation text). 3261:, 1st ed., 1960; 2nd ed., 1965, 3rd ed., 1971. 3331: 2868:. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press. 2210:In 1883, a Virginia adventurer, former Texas 8: 3800:Civilian Conservation Corps in West Virginia 3284:West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey 2251:West Virginia Power and Transmission Company 3785:National Natural Landmarks in West Virginia 3338: 3324: 3316: 3164:"Canaan Valley Refuge adds 120-acre tract" 3114: 3112: 3110: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3034: 3032: 3030: 2857: 2855: 2319:used the Canaan Valley area as a practice 2267:'60s, as happened in the southern Valley. 1335: 472: 79:Location of Canaan Valley in West Virginia 29: 3805:Landforms of Tucker County, West Virginia 3278:Ludlum, J.C., and Arkle Jr., T. (1971), 2785:"Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge" 2278: 3135:, 2nd Edition; Parsons, West Virginia: 3040:History of Tucker County, West Virginia 3016:; Footnotes and index by John Wayland, 2773: 1159:Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 268:The local pronunciation of "Canaan" is 3273:The Canaan Valley: A National Treasure 2582:. Of special note are large groups of 2409:Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge 378:Canaan Valley — like the very similar 229:Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge 3286:, State Park Series Bulletin 6, 60 p. 2542:habitat. Other local mammals include 66: 7: 2963:"NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data" 2779: 2777: 2515:, a sedge otherwise found mostly in 2374:pumped storage hydroelectric project 2752:List of National Natural Landmarks 223:which spills out of the valley at 25: 3238:, Stephen L. Stephenson, editor; 3120:A Valley Called Canaan: 1885-2002 3162:Steelhammer, Rick (2009-01-28). 299: 270: 184: 99:39 sq mi (100 km) 65: 58: 38: 3236:Upland Forests of West Virginia 2842:from the original on 2021-12-13 2566:. Seen far less frequently are 2434:Canaan Valley Resort State Park 2368:in December 1974. In 1977, the 2366:U.S. Department of the Interior 2348:Canaan Valley Resort State Park 2247:Babcock Lumber and Boom Company 297:, rather than the conventional 246:Canaan Valley was designated a 237:Canaan Valley Resort State Park 215:, USA. Within it are extensive 3407:Roaring Plains West Wilderness 2740:White Grass Ski Touring Center 2455:. These 8,400 or so acres of 2401:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2343:remains until April or later. 2329:European Theater of Operations 1: 3275:, 12 minute educational film. 3269:West Virginia Audubon Council 3118:Michael, Edwin Daryl (2002), 3038:Fansler, Homer Floyd (1962), 2283:View of the northern half of 1952:Average snowfall inches (cm) 1089:Average snowfall inches (cm) 382:in Virginia — is a southern " 3397:Laurel Fork South Wilderness 3392:Laurel Fork North Wilderness 3296:Venable, Norma Jean (1990), 2386:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2354:Controversy and preservation 213:Tucker County, West Virginia 44:View of the southern end of 18:Canaan Valley, West Virginia 3790:Monongahela National Forest 3347:Monongahela National Forest 2832:Martin Griff (2017-02-23), 2509:Canadian lily-of-the-valley 2313:West Virginia Maneuver Area 2308:Civilian Conservation Corps 2293:Monongahela National Forest 2022:Average precipitation days 1668:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 1528:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 1229:Average precipitation days 805:Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 665:Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 241:Blackwater Falls State Park 3821: 3713:Fernow Experimental Forest 3584:South Branch Potomac River 2420:Wetlands and boreal plants 2340:Ski Club of Washington, DC 2115: 1338: 1327: 1322: 475: 219:and the headwaters of the 91:3,200 ft (980 m) 3780:Wetlands of West Virginia 3746: 3733:Mill Point Federal Prison 3354:National Recreation Areas 3205:Kennedy, Philip Pendleton 2259:hydroelectric power plant 2132:Prehistory and settlement 2068: 2021: 1951: 1877: 1807: 1737: 1667: 1597: 1527: 1457: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1275: 1228: 1158: 1088: 1014: 944: 874: 804: 734: 664: 594: 524: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 248:National Natural Landmark 53: 37: 3770:Valleys of West Virginia 3291:Geology of Canaan Valley 3259:McClain Printing Company 3244:McClain Printing Company 3137:McClain Printing Company 3048:McClain Printing Company 2985:"Station: Davis 3SE, WV" 2898:Houghton Mifflin Company 2888:Brooks, Maurice (1965), 2728:Canaan Valley Ski Resort 2701:Upland game bird hunting 2405:National Wildlife Refuge 2376:, formally known as the 2370:Federal Power Commission 2275:Recovery and development 2159:forest, intermixed with 233:National Wildlife Refuge 3723:Highland Scenic Highway 3438:Back Allegheny Mountain 2862:Phillips, John (2001). 2667:are found in the upper 2491:. Also present are the 2338:Beginning in 1950, the 2306:In the late 1930s, the 2255:Allegheny Power Systems 3728:Middle Mountain Cabins 3402:Otter Creek Wilderness 3255:Parsons, West Virginia 3240:Parsons, West Virginia 3219:Strother, David Hunter 3044:Parsons, West Virginia 2683:Tourism and recreation 2436: 2297:West Virginia Route 32 2288: 2287:from atop Harmon Knob. 2243: 2148: 48:from atop Harmon Knob. 3718:Gaudineer Scenic Area 3421:Mountains and summits 3387:Dolly Sods Wilderness 3249:Preble, Jack (1971), 2820:Year designated: 1974 2619:golden-winged warbler 2427: 2390:U.S. Court of Appeals 2282: 2253:(WVPTC, later called 2238: 2223:Logging and wildfires 2147:forest remains today. 2141:David Hunter Strother 2139: 1738:Mean minimum °F (°C) 1458:Mean maximum °F (°C) 875:Mean minimum °F (°C) 595:Mean maximum °F (°C) 463:Appalachian Mountains 400:Mauch Chunk Formation 252:National Park Service 231:, the nation's 500th 158:39.12667°N 79.37806°W 3412:Spice Run Wilderness 3382:Cranberry Wilderness 3377:Big Draft Wilderness 3265:Freshwater Institute 2346:In the early 1970s, 1388:Record high °F (°C) 525:Record high °F (°C) 424:Greenbrier Limestone 416:Pottsville Formation 394:, exposing the soft 3698:Bear Rocks Preserve 3608:Canyons and valleys 3594:Tygart Valley River 3483:North Fork Mountain 3223:The Virginia Canaan 3131:Teter, Don (2011), 3018:Newmarket, Virginia 2732:Timberline Mountain 2645:and the occasional 2378:Davis Power Project 2179:the Canadian Valley 2069:Average snowy days 1808:Record low °F (°C) 1598:Daily mean °F (°C) 1276:Average snowy days 945:Record low °F (°C) 735:Daily mean °F (°C) 344:Allegheny Mountains 163:39.12667; -79.37806 154: / 3670:Observation towers 3478:Mount Porte Crayon 3433:Allegheny Mountain 3213:Redfield, New York 3168:Charleston Gazette 2663:and various other 2501:jack-in-the-pulpit 2489:Canadian blueberry 2437: 2394:U.S. Supreme Court 2289: 2264:wildlife biologist 2245:By the 1920s, the 2149: 3795:IUCN Category III 3757: 3756: 3750:US Forest Service 3708:Cheat Summit Fort 3630:Smoke Hole Canyon 3615:Blackwater Canyon 3517:Rivers and creeks 3443:Backbone Mountain 3228:Harper's Magazine 2584:white-tailed deer 2175:Shenandoah Valley 2123: 2122: 1332: 1331: 368:Blackwater Canyon 174: 173: 16:(Redirected from 3812: 3661:Cranberry Glades 3651:Spruce Knob Lake 3569:Greenbrier River 3534:Blackwater River 3498:Shavers Mountain 3370:Wilderness areas 3340: 3333: 3326: 3317: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3179: 3170:. Archived from 3159: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3129: 3123: 3116: 3105: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3061: 3050: 3036: 3025: 3022:The Henkel Press 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2916: 2910: 2907: 2901: 2890:The Appalachians 2886: 2880: 2879: 2859: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2781: 2669:Blackwater River 2647:peregrine falcon 2639:red-tailed hawks 2615:American bittern 2611:great blue heron 2430:Blackwater River 2361:Blackwater River 2201: 2072: 2025: 1336: 1279: 1232: 473: 404:sedimentary rock 363:Blackwater River 350:to the west and 322: 321: 318: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 225:Blackwater Falls 221:Blackwater River 210: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 183: 169: 168: 166: 165: 164: 159: 155: 152: 151: 150: 147: 69: 68: 62: 42: 30: 21: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3760: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3742: 3686: 3665: 3634: 3603: 3544:Cranberry River 3512: 3508:Spruce Mountain 3453:Burner Mountain 3428:Allegheny Front 3416: 3365: 3349: 3344: 3307: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3177: 3175: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3130: 3126: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3063: 3062: 3053: 3037: 3028: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2861: 2860: 2853: 2845: 2843: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2814: 2812: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2790: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2748: 2685: 2675:and introduced 2661:Smallmouth bass 2659: 2623:scarlet tanager 2592: 2537: 2529: 2485:large cranberry 2469: 2422: 2417: 2403:to establish a 2382:Clean Water Act 2356: 2277: 2225: 2216:land speculator 2199: 2163:and hardwoods. 2134: 2129: 2124: 2070: 2023: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1333: 1323:Source 1: NOAA 1277: 1230: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 455:Orographic lift 436: 386:" occupying an 376: 348:Canaan Mountain 340: 325:Biblical region 302: 298: 273: 269: 187: 181: 180: 162: 160: 156: 153: 148: 145: 143: 141: 140: 88:Floor elevation 83: 82: 81: 80: 77: 76: 75: 74: 70: 49: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3818: 3816: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3762: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3740: 3738:Sinks of Gandy 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3703:Camp Allegheny 3700: 3694: 3692: 3691:Other features 3688: 3687: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3642: 3640: 3639:Lakes and bogs 3636: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3625:Germany Valley 3622: 3617: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3599:Williams River 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3473:Gaudineer Knob 3470: 3468:Cheat Mountain 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3335: 3328: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3305:External links 3303: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3287: 3276: 3262: 3247: 3232: 3216: 3202: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3154: 3141: 3124: 3106: 3104:, pp. 127-128. 3093: 3090:. p. 300. 3075: 3051: 3026: 3002: 2976: 2954: 2932: 2911: 2902: 2900:, pp. 116–117. 2881: 2874: 2851: 2824: 2797: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2684: 2681: 2631:Canada warbler 2627:indigo bunting 2528: 2525: 2497:marsh marigold 2468: 2465: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2384:permit by the 2355: 2352: 2276: 2273: 2234:Maurice Brooks 2224: 2221: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 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681: 676: 671: 666: 662: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 592: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 522: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 478: 477: 471: 435: 432: 380:Burke's Garden 375: 372: 352:Cabin Mountain 339: 336: 250:in 1974. The 172: 171: 138: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 78: 72: 71: 64: 63: 57: 56: 55: 54: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3817: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3752: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3646:Lake Sherwood 3644: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3620:Canaan Valley 3618: 3616: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3298:Canaan Valley 3295: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3190:Other sources 3189: 3174:on 2011-05-27 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3010:Lewis, Thomas 3006: 3003: 2990: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2877: 2875:0-7627-0845-X 2871: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2787:. www.fws.gov 2786: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2726:ski resorts ( 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2709:ruffed grouse 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2677:rainbow trout 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2564:red squirrels 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540:snowshoe hare 2536: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:United States 2449: 2445: 2442: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2286: 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Retrieved 3172:the original 3157: 3149: 3144: 3132: 3127: 3119: 3101: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3068: 3039: 3013: 3005: 2993:. Retrieved 2988: 2979: 2967:. Retrieved 2957: 2945:. Retrieved 2935: 2923:. Retrieved 2914: 2905: 2889: 2884: 2864: 2844:, retrieved 2834: 2827: 2819: 2813:. Retrieved 2809: 2800: 2789:. Retrieved 2721: 2713:common snipe 2686: 2656: 2655: 2607:Canada geese 2589: 2588: 2534: 2533: 2530: 2513:cotton grass 2470: 2438: 2398: 2357: 2345: 2337: 2333:World War II 2331:to fight in 2305: 2290: 2284: 2269: 2244: 2239: 2229:rhododendron 2226: 2209: 2196: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2172: 2168:Fairfax Line 2165: 2150: 1882:inches (mm) 1019:inches (mm) 452: 448: 444: 440: 437: 428:Pocono Group 377: 360: 356: 341: 332: 329: 267: 245: 176: 175: 45: 3682:Olson Tower 3677:Bickle Knob 3656:Summit Lake 3574:Laurel Fork 3539:Cheat River 3503:Spruce Knob 3488:River Knobs 3458:Bickle Knob 3448:Barton Knob 3084:Maxwell, Hu 3065:Maxwell, Hu 2947:October 24, 2925:October 24, 2810:www.nps.gov 2717:wild turkey 2673:brook trout 2603:black ducks 2568:black bears 2457:shrub swamp 2024:(≥ 0.01 in) 1231:(≥ 0.01 in) 467:Nor'easters 459:Great Lakes 430:sandstone. 256:Pleistocene 161: / 136:Coordinates 3764:Categories 3564:Glady Fork 3529:Black Fork 3231:, 8:18-36. 3178:2009-01-28 2846:2018-10-16 2815:2019-04-13 2791:2009-02-25 2763:References 2738:ski area ( 2734:) and one 2651:bald eagle 2595:wood ducks 2505:starflower 2441:sub-arctic 2262:Michael—a 2161:balsam fir 2157:red spruce 2145:red spruce 2071:(≥ 0.1 in) 1278:(≥ 0.1 in) 420:sandstones 406:layers of 149:79°22′41″W 146:39°07′36″N 3554:Elk River 3271:(n.d. ), 3152:, pg 129. 2768:Citations 2671:. Native 2580:red foxes 2321:artillery 2317:U.S. Army 2204:Civil War 1154:(374.11) 392:Anticline 388:anticline 338:Geography 104:Geography 3549:Dry Fork 3221:(1855), 3207:(1853), 3201:17:1-60. 3198:Castanea 3150:Op. cit. 3148:Brooks, 3102:Op. cit. 3100:Brooks, 3086:(1898). 3067:(1884). 2995:June 13, 2969:June 13, 2941:"xmACIS" 2840:archived 2746:See also 2705:woodcock 2643:goshawks 2637:include 2609:and the 2599:mallards 2556:opossums 2552:raccoons 2548:muskrats 2487:and the 2481:heathers 2116:Source: 2017:(431.3) 1947:(1,604) 1878:Average 1803:(−22.6) 1798:(−15.7) 1793:(−11.1) 1753:(−15.3) 1748:(−20.4) 1743:(−20.9) 1084:(1,427) 1015:Average 940:(−24.3) 935:(−17.7) 930:(−12.3) 890:(−16.4) 885:(−20.3) 880:(−22.7) 323:for the 243:nearby. 217:wetlands 182:locally 3524:Big Run 2689:fishing 2665:sunfish 2635:Raptors 2576:coyotes 2572:bobcats 2544:beavers 2535:Mammals 2448:conifer 2415:Ecology 2127:History 1788:(−4.3) 1763:(−1.7) 1758:(−7.6) 1728:(−6.0) 1723:(−1.8) 1708:(12.9) 1703:(13.7) 1698:(11.6) 1683:(−4.4) 1678:(−8.1) 1673:(−8.9) 1658:(−1.8) 1643:(14.9) 1638:(18.0) 1633:(18.9) 1628:(16.8) 1623:(12.6) 1608:(−3.2) 1603:(−4.5) 1593:(12.7) 1578:(14.1) 1573:(20.1) 1568:(23.1) 1563:(24.1) 1558:(21.9) 1553:(18.0) 1548:(13.2) 1533:(−0.1) 1523:(29.1) 1518:(14.5) 1513:(19.6) 1508:(23.7) 1503:(26.9) 1498:(27.3) 1493:(28.5) 1488:(27.7) 1483:(26.6) 1478:(24.8) 1473:(19.1) 1468:(13.4) 1463:(13.1) 1114:(0.51) 925:(−6.1) 920:(−0.3) 900:(−2.4) 895:(−8.4) 865:(−5.7) 860:(−2.0) 845:(12.2) 840:(13.3) 835:(11.2) 820:(−3.8) 815:(−7.3) 810:(−8.2) 795:(−1.2) 780:(14.9) 775:(18.3) 770:(19.1) 765:(17.2) 760:(13.2) 745:(−2.2) 740:(−3.7) 730:(13.9) 715:(15.6) 710:(21.3) 705:(24.3) 700:(24.9) 695:(23.3) 690:(19.3) 685:(14.7) 660:(29.5) 655:(14.6) 650:(20.1) 645:(23.6) 640:(27.3) 635:(28.4) 630:(29.1) 625:(28.1) 620:(26.8) 615:(25.4) 610:(19.9) 605:(14.8) 600:(13.9) 434:Climate 398:of the 374:Geology 235:, with 170: 109:Country 2894:Boston 2872: 2736:Nordic 2724:Alpine 2629:, and 2578:, and 2558:, and 2521:Canada 2517:Alaska 2493:sundew 2483:, the 2477:sedges 2473:mosses 2325:mortar 2315:, the 2301:Harman 2212:cowboy 2200: 2154:climax 2064:197.6 1997:(0.0) 1992:(0.0) 1987:(0.0) 1982:(0.0) 1977:(1.3) 1962:(109) 1957:(114) 1942:(140) 1937:(105) 1932:(104) 1927:(103) 1922:(114) 1917:(159) 1912:(158) 1907:(145) 1902:(135) 1897:(150) 1892:(134) 1887:(157) 1873:(−28) 1868:(−23) 1863:(−18) 1828:(−15) 1823:(−23) 1818:(−26) 1813:(−28) 1783:(3.3) 1778:(7.6) 1773:(7.8) 1768:(4.3) 1733:(2.6) 1718:(3.6) 1713:(9.7) 1693:(7.2) 1688:(1.3) 1663:(7.6) 1653:(2.9) 1648:(8.8) 1618:(7.2) 1613:(0.8) 1588:(2.4) 1583:(7.6) 1543:(6.1) 1538:(1.6) 1344:Month 1271:188.6 1209:(2.3) 1204:(0.0) 1199:(0.0) 1194:(0.0) 1189:(0.0) 1184:(0.0) 1139:(3.6) 1134:(0.0) 1129:(0.0) 1124:(0.0) 1119:(0.0) 1079:(123) 1059:(112) 1054:(148) 1049:(136) 1044:(138) 1039:(124) 1034:(123) 1029:(114) 1024:(123) 1010:(−33) 1005:(−29) 1000:(−26) 995:(−15) 970:(−10) 965:(−19) 960:(−28) 955:(−32) 950:(−33) 915:(4.6) 910:(4.9) 905:(1.8) 870:(2.5) 855:(2.9) 850:(8.6) 830:(7.1) 825:(1.8) 800:(8.2) 790:(3.3) 785:(9.2) 755:(8.2) 750:(1.8) 725:(3.3) 720:(8.6) 680:(7.3) 675:(2.8) 670:(0.9) 481:Month 396:shales 384:muskeg 263:relict 260:boreal 129:Tucker 125:County 3070:1993) 2693:trout 2590:Birds 2527:Fauna 2467:Flora 2432:near 2111:64.7 2108:12.1 2078:14.8 2075:16.4 2061:19.5 2058:14.3 2055:14.2 2052:10.9 2049:13.9 2046:15.2 2043:15.3 2040:17.4 2037:16.3 2034:18.2 2031:19.8 2028:22.6 2015:170.2 2012:(72) 2007:(28) 2002:(14) 1972:(27) 1967:(66) 1945:63.16 1858:(−7) 1833:(−7) 1453:(32) 1448:(18) 1443:(22) 1438:(27) 1433:(29) 1428:(29) 1423:(32) 1418:(32) 1413:(28) 1408:(29) 1403:(23) 1398:(22) 1393:(17) 1383:Year 1318:50.9 1315:10.2 1285:11.0 1282:13.4 1268:19.0 1265:12.9 1262:11.6 1259:12.3 1256:14.7 1253:15.6 1250:14.7 1247:16.9 1244:15.6 1241:17.7 1238:16.9 1235:20.7 1224:(59) 1219:(29) 1214:(13) 1179:(10) 1174:(39) 1169:(39) 1164:(38) 1152:147.6 1149:(73) 1144:(23) 1109:(20) 1104:(68) 1099:(88) 1094:(98) 1074:(94) 1069:(93) 1064:(99) 990:(−8) 985:(−4) 980:(−3) 975:(−4) 938:−11.8 590:(37) 585:(24) 580:(24) 575:(28) 570:(35) 565:(36) 560:(37) 555:(35) 550:(31) 545:(29) 540:(27) 535:(22) 530:(21) 520:Year 117:State 3267:and 2997:2021 2971:2021 2949:2023 2927:2023 2870:ISBN 2730:and 2697:bass 2657:Fish 2649:and 2562:and 2560:grey 2519:and 2507:and 2479:and 2459:and 2446:and 2444:bogs 2428:The 2323:and 2214:and 2198:"... 2118:NOAA 2105:5.8 2102:1.6 2099:0.0 2096:0.0 2093:0.0 2090:0.0 2087:0.6 2084:3.7 2081:9.7 2010:28.3 2005:11.2 1970:10.6 1965:26.0 1960:43.1 1955:45.0 1940:5.52 1935:4.12 1930:4.09 1925:4.07 1920:4.49 1915:6.27 1910:6.21 1905:5.70 1900:5.31 1895:5.90 1890:5.28 1885:6.20 1853:(0) 1848:(5) 1843:(4) 1838:(0) 1801:−8.6 1791:12.1 1786:24.3 1781:37.9 1776:45.7 1771:46.1 1766:39.8 1761:28.9 1756:18.3 1746:−4.8 1741:−5.6 1731:36.6 1726:21.2 1721:28.7 1716:38.4 1711:49.5 1706:55.2 1701:56.6 1696:52.8 1691:44.9 1686:34.3 1681:24.0 1676:17.5 1671:15.9 1661:45.7 1656:28.8 1651:37.2 1646:47.8 1641:58.8 1636:64.4 1631:66.0 1626:62.2 1621:54.6 1616:45.0 1611:33.5 1606:26.2 1601:23.9 1591:54.8 1586:36.4 1581:45.7 1576:57.3 1571:68.1 1566:73.6 1561:75.3 1556:71.5 1551:64.4 1546:55.8 1541:42.9 1536:34.9 1531:31.9 1521:84.3 1516:58.1 1511:67.3 1506:74.7 1501:80.5 1496:81.1 1491:83.3 1486:81.9 1481:79.9 1476:76.7 1471:66.4 1466:56.1 1461:55.5 1380:Dec 1377:Nov 1374:Oct 1371:Sep 1368:Aug 1365:Jul 1362:Jun 1359:May 1356:Apr 1353:Mar 1350:Feb 1347:Jan 1312:3.8 1309:0.5 1306:0.0 1303:0.0 1300:0.0 1297:0.0 1294:0.3 1291:3.0 1288:8.7 1222:23.4 1217:11.4 1172:15.5 1167:15.5 1162:15.0 1147:28.7 1102:26.8 1097:34.7 1092:38.6 1082:56.2 1077:4.86 1072:3.72 1067:3.67 1062:3.91 1057:4.39 1052:5.81 1047:5.36 1042:5.43 1037:4.88 1032:4.85 1027:4.49 1022:4.83 923:21.1 918:31.4 913:40.2 908:40.8 903:35.3 898:27.6 893:16.9 883:−4.5 878:−8.8 868:36.5 863:21.7 858:28.4 853:37.2 848:47.4 843:54.0 838:56.0 833:52.1 828:44.8 823:35.2 818:25.1 813:18.8 808:17.3 798:46.7 793:29.8 788:37.9 783:48.6 778:58.9 773:64.9 768:66.4 763:63.0 758:55.7 753:46.8 748:35.2 743:28.0 738:25.4 728:56.9 723:37.9 718:47.5 713:60.0 708:70.3 703:75.8 698:76.8 693:73.9 688:66.7 683:58.5 678:45.2 673:37.1 668:33.6 658:85.1 653:58.3 648:68.2 643:74.5 638:81.2 633:83.2 628:84.3 623:82.6 618:80.3 613:77.7 608:67.9 603:58.7 598:57.0 517:Dec 514:Nov 511:Oct 508:Sep 505:Aug 502:Jul 499:Jun 496:May 493:Apr 490:Mar 487:Feb 484:Jan 410:and 361:The 239:and 96:Area 2742:). 2605:), 2461:bog 2191:elk 2181:". 2000:5.5 1995:0.0 1990:0.0 1985:0.0 1980:0.0 1975:0.5 1871:−18 1866:−10 1816:−15 1811:−18 1796:3.8 1751:4.4 1212:5.0 1207:0.9 1202:0.0 1197:0.0 1192:0.0 1187:0.0 1182:0.0 1177:4.0 1142:9.2 1137:1.4 1132:0.0 1127:0.0 1122:0.0 1117:0.0 1112:0.2 1107:8.0 1008:−27 1003:−21 998:−14 958:−19 953:−26 948:−27 933:0.2 928:9.8 888:2.5 418:of 3766:: 3282:, 3257:: 3253:, 3242:: 3225:, 3211:, 3166:. 3109:^ 3054:^ 3046:: 3042:, 3029:^ 3020:: 3012:, 2987:. 2896:: 2854:^ 2838:, 2818:. 2808:. 2776:^ 2715:, 2711:, 2707:, 2695:, 2653:. 2641:, 2633:. 2625:, 2621:, 2601:, 2597:, 2574:, 2570:, 2554:, 2550:, 2546:, 2523:. 2503:, 2499:, 2495:, 2475:, 2335:. 1856:20 1851:32 1846:41 1841:40 1836:32 1831:19 1821:−9 1451:89 1446:64 1441:72 1436:80 1431:84 1426:84 1421:89 1416:89 1411:83 1406:84 1401:74 1396:71 1391:62 988:18 983:25 978:27 973:24 968:14 963:−2 588:98 583:76 578:76 573:83 568:95 563:97 558:98 553:95 548:87 543:85 538:80 533:72 528:70 370:. 316:ən 310:eɪ 287:eɪ 201:eɪ 3339:e 3332:t 3325:v 3246:. 3215:. 3181:. 3072:. 2999:. 2973:. 2951:. 2929:. 2878:. 2794:. 2703:( 2691:( 1861:0 1826:5 993:5 319:/ 313:n 307:k 304:ˈ 301:/ 293:/ 290:n 284:n 281:ˈ 278:ə 275:k 272:/ 207:/ 204:n 198:n 195:ˈ 192:ə 189:k 186:/ 179:( 20:)

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Index