337:" to turn winter hockey fans into a year-round audience. Box lacrosse was played in a smaller indoor arena space, and competitions could also be held in baseball stadiums, and again, the play was violent. Not enough cities could support teams, however, and the hard times of the Great Depression in the 1930s reduced the number of fans. Entrepreneurs, while failing to make a major commercial success, transformed Canadian amateur lacrosse, making it quite different from field lacrosse as played in the United States, Britain, and Australia. In 1987 the National Lacrosse League began; it has clubs in twelve cities in the United States and Canada.
39:
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inspire the surprise and destruction of the garrison…The shrill cries of the ball-players were changed to the ferocious war-whoop." Lacrosse challenged the typical
British attitudes towards sport which saw games as refined and gentlemanly, while lacrosse was much more aggressive and brutal. Canadian nationalists like George Beers began advocating for lacrosse to become the national sport instead of cricket as was being pushed by British settlers.
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typical referee associations, the OLRA has a governing structure that is open only to Box lacrosse officials who officiate Junior/Senior/Major-series games, though the vast majority of officials do not officiate at that level. The OLRA is an extension of the OLA, and does not represent an independent officiating union.
356:
controls the majority of lacrosse in
Ontario. The OLA is governed by a larger Board than the CLA, though also populated largely by members with a strong lacrosse background. OLA lacrosse officials are sanctioned by the OLA, and represented by the Ontario Lacrosse Referees Association (OLRA). Unlike
348:
The CLA along with 5 other
National sporting association had their charitable status revoked in June 2010 as part of a Revenue Canada crackdown on Parklane Financial's tax shelter scheme, in which charitable organizations issued receipts far in excess of any material donations. The fact that the CLA
288:
In 1856, the
Montreal lacrosse club was established; by the mid-1860s there were active teams in eastern Ontario. The National Lacrosse Association was formed in 1875; in 1880 the league became the National Amateur Lacrosse Association. By the 1880s the organized sport was found nationwide, and had
296:
The 1860s the
Montreal Shamrocks introduced a new level of aggressiveness; it was Irish, Catholic, and fought to win. During the 1870s and 1880s the Shamrocks had bloody confrontations with the middle-class Protestant Montreal and Toronto Lacrosse Clubs. Field lacrosse was spread across Canada by
284:
In 1763, a lacrosse tournament between two First Nation tribes was utilized as a strategy to stage an ambush on the
British Fort Michilimackinac during the Pontiac Rebellion. According to American historian Francis Parkman, "This was no chance stroke. It was part of a pre concentrated stratagem to
301:
as a form of exercise during the winter months. By the early 1890s it was the most popular summer game in Canada; the 1900s were the golden years, as two professional leagues were set up. Escalating violence led to the collapse of the professional leagues in 1914, and the game's base of support
420:
replied by introducing a separate bill to have lacrosse declared as Canada's national game and stated that, "I think it is fitting at this time when we are considering national flags, national anthems and other national symbols, that this particular matter should be settled now". The choice of
349:
Board of
Directors agreed to participate in such a scheme may in part be due to the fact that the CLA Board of Directors is largely made up of elected lacrosse representatives, with no particular expertise in legal or financial matters of governance.
396:
did extensive research to find if
Canadian parliament had ever declared a national game, and specifically looked into whether lacrosse was officially declared. After going through parliamentary records, he found no law was ever enacted.
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302:
shrank to
Montreal, Victoria, Vancouver, New Westminster, and a few small-towns. Its failure to establish a solid base derived from a thin organizational infrastructure; for example, it was not played by schools or churches. The
425:
proposed to name national summer and winter games, but nothing was resolved. Finally in April 1994, Bill C–212 was passed to recognize hockey as Canada's official winter game, and lacrosse as its summer game.
514:
Michael A. Robidoux. "Imagining a
Canadian Identity through Sport: A Historical Interpretation of Lacrosse and Hockey". The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 115, no. 456, 2002, pp. 209–25. JSTOR,
909:
306:, founded in 1925, is the governing body of lacrosse in Canada. It presently conducts national junior and senior championship tournaments for men and women in both field and box lacrosse.
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terms about the ideal of "muscular Christianity." As working class players and spectators became more prominent, the rhetoric focused on winning at all costs.
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262:, which was played by two teams with 100 to 1,000 men each on a field that stretched from about 500 m (1,600 ft) to 3 km (1.9 mi) long.
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376:. Canada beat the United States 15-10 in the final to break a 28-year U.S. winning streak. Great achievements in Canadian Lacrosse are recognized by the
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The Anglophone middle class of Montreal adopted the game in the mid 1800s. The first known game between Europeans and First Nations took place in 1843.
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Canadian Lacrosse Association members responded to the motion by calling it insulting and "out of line", and vowed to fight it. On June 11, 1965,
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of 1964. On October 28, 1964, Roxburgh moved to introduce Bill C–132, with respect to declaring hockey as the national game of Canada.
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848:
Robidoux, Michael A. (2002). "Imagining a Canadian Identity through Sport: A Historical Interpretation of Lacrosse and Hockey".
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Canada's national game was debated in 1965, but neither bill was passed when parliament was dissolved. In 1967, Prime Minister
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N. B. Bouchier, " Idealized middle-class sport for a young nation: Lacrosse in nineteenth-century Ontario Towns, 1871–1891,"
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reported at the time that the myth of lacrosse as Canada's national game possibly came from a book published in 1869 titled
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before the arrival of European colonists. The first documented description of the game was in 1637. The game was called
605:
Michael A. Robidoux, "Imagining a Canadian Identity through Sport: A Historical Interpretation of Lacrosse and Hockey"
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Anglophone migrants from Ontario and Quebec. In February 1887, the Toronto Lacrosse Club began using
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was founded in 1867. His endeavour to declare hockey as Canada's national game coincided with the
3005:
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1602:
1296:
865:
398:
633:
Splendid but Undesirable Isolation': Recasting Canada's National Game as Box Lacrosse, 1931-1932
527:
Don Morrow, "The Institutionalization of Sport: A Case Study of Canadian Lacrosse, 1844–1914,"
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become a popular spectator sport. To deal with the violence, middle class promoters spoke in
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1642:
1427:
1248:
1238:
1210:
217:
819:
Metcalfe, Alan. "Sport and Athletics: A Case Study of Lacrosse in Canada, 1840–1889,"
3129:
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2990:
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2965:
2940:
2783:
1243:
869:
540:
Alan Metcalfe, "Sport and Athletics: A Case Study of Lacrosse in Canada, 1840–1889,"
475:
Alan Metcalfe, "Sport and Athletics: A Case Study of Lacrosse in Canada, 1840–1889,"
393:
290:
309:
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In 2003, Canada participated in the inaugural World Indoor Lacrosse Championship.
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Canada Learns To Play: The Emergence of Organized Sport, 1807-1914
515:
308:
264:
1551:
1108:
905:
488:"Highlights in the Development of Canadian Lacrosse to 1931,"
368:
league, with franchises in Canada and the United States. The
1180:
490:
Canadian Journal of History of Sport and Physical Education,
1104:
884:
CBC Digital Archives - Lacrosse: A History of Canada's Game
329:
is an indoor variant of the sport first introduced in 1931.
557:
Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice
3069:
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2177:
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767:. Winnipeg, Manitoba. November 6, 1964. p. 59.
216:has been a popular sport since the mid 1800s. Only
165:
145:
120:
110:
86:
74:
66:
31:
734:"Designation of Hockey as Canada's National Game"
682:. Medicine Hat, Alberta. May 28, 1964. p. 5.
452:
450:
392:president and then current member of parliament
792:. Winnipeg, Manitoba. June 14, 1965. p. 9.
676:"No proof that lacrosse Canada's national game"
333:In 1931, big city hockey promoters introduced "
1563:
1120:
917:
529:International Journal of the History of Sport
232:to be "Canada's National Summer Sport", with
8:
224:was invented. In 1994 Parliament passed the
710:"Down Memory Lane - Lacrosse National Game"
2904:Canadian Wheelchair Basketball Association
2834:Canadian Cerebral Palsy Sports Association
1570:
1556:
1548:
1127:
1113:
1105:
924:
910:
902:
554:John Nauright and Charles Parrish (2012).
501:Bryan Eddington, "Little Brother of War,"
18:Canada women's national lacrosse team
1716:Members of Canada's Olympic Hall of Fame
1479:Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame inductees
700:
698:
696:
269:A lacrosse game between the British and
1711:Members of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
933:World Lacrosse Women's U20 Championship
446:
192:World Lacrosse Women's U20 Championship
2909:Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
28:
1721:Recipients of the Northern Star Award
842:Sports in Canada: Historical Readings
403:Lacrosse, the National Game of Canada
236:as "Canada's National Winter Sport".
187:World Lacrosse Men's U20 Championship
60:Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships
7:
1520:
609:Vol. 115, (Spring, 2002), pp.209-225
383:
1532:
649:MacDougall, Fraser (May 19, 1964).
390:Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
182:World Lacrosse Women's Championship
2854:Canadian Freestyle Ski Association
1365:World Junior Lacrosse Championship
742:. Ottawa, Canada. October 28, 1964
202:World Junior Lacrosse Championship
25:
657:. Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 26.
607:The Journal of American Folklore,
220:was played until the 1930s, when
177:World Lacrosse Men's Championship
3110:
3109:
2879:Canadian Orienteering Federation
2824:Canadian Blind Sport Association
1531:
1519:
1508:
1507:
1474:National Lacrosse League players
1085:
1066:
1047:
1028:
1009:
990:
971:
952:
833:Morrow, Don, and Kevin Wamsley.
795:
770:
685:
660:
370:2006 World Lacrosse Championship
197:World Lacrosse Box Championships
37:
2096:Paralympics stats (host nation)
1375:Lacrosse at the Summer Olympics
814:Lacrosse: A History of the Game
516:https://doi.org/10.2307/4129220
2946:Federation of Canadian Archers
2859:Canadian Interuniversity Sport
2435:Canadian Amateur Hockey League
786:"Russians Don't Win Lacrosse?"
714:Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame
378:Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame
1:
3016:Shooting Federation of Canada
2914:Canadian Yachting Association
2894:Canadian Snowboard Federation
2884:Canadian Paralympic Committee
2864:Canadian Lacrosse Association
2690:British Columbia Rugby League
2645:Inter-Provincial Championship
1598:Professional sports in Canada
1469:Major League Lacrosse players
588:, p. 3, February 5, 1887
407:Canadian Lacrosse Association
384:Canada's national game debate
352:At the provincial level, the
304:Canadian Lacrosse Association
226:National Sports of Canada Act
81:Canadian Lacrosse Association
2799:Aquatic Federation of Canada
2655:Futsal Canadian Championship
1733:Athletes of the 20th century
1653:Mixed martial arts in Canada
850:Journal of American Folklore
651:"National Game Not Lacrosse"
354:Ontario Lacrosse Association
3082:Western Canada Summer Games
2899:Canadian Soccer Association
2849:Canadian Fencing Federation
1454:Goaltender (field lacrosse)
620:Journal of Canadian studies
3162:
3146:National symbols of Canada
3092:List of stadiums in Canada
2981:Nordic Combined Ski Canada
2874:Canadian Olympic Committee
2829:Canadian Canoe Association
2557:List of Grey Cup champions
1768:international competitions
835:Sport in Canada: A History
816:(Johns Hopkins U.P., 2002)
411:Great Canadian Flag Debate
273:national teams during the
243:
167:International competitions
3105:
3001:Minister of State (Sport)
2869:Canadian Luge Association
2814:Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton
2524:Newfoundland and Labrador
1673:Shooting sports in Canada
1503:
1449:Goaltender (box lacrosse)
1355:World Indoor Championship
1178:
940:
895:The Canadian Encyclopedia
542:Journal of Sport History,
477:Journal of Sport History,
463:The Canadian Encyclopedia
172:
152:
127:
116:First documented in 1600s
36:
3036:Swimming Natation Canada
2117:Commonwealth Games stats
1744:Velma Springstead Trophy
821:Journal of Sport History
362:National Lacrosse League
157:National Lacrosse League
2844:Cycling Canada Cyclisme
2588:Canadian Premier League
1360:U19 World Championships
560:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2.
518:. Accessed 2 Oct. 2023.
252:First Nations in Canada
250:Lacrosse was played by
2930:Canadian Hockey League
1738:Bobbie Rosenfeld Award
1663:Rugby league in Canada
1464:Players by nationality
1370:European Championships
1185:
761:"Lacrosse, Or Hockey?"
330:
278:
2635:Canadian Championship
2593:Northern Super League
2178:National sports teams
1965:Winter Olympics stats
1814:Summer Olympics stats
1750:Lionel Conacher Award
1668:Rugby union in Canada
1184:
862:10.1353/jaf.2002.0021
739:Library of Parliament
531:(1992) 9#2 pp 236-251
319:Scotiabank Saddledome
312:
268:
122:National competitions
104:Women's national team
3097:List of Canada Games
3021:Speed Skating Canada
2924:Cross Country Canada
2685:Ontario Rugby League
2519:Prince Edward Island
1688:Volleyball in Canada
1638:Ice hockey in Canada
1608:Basketball in Canada
889:Adamski, Barbara K.
639:2005 36(2): 115-129.
637:Sport History Review
631:Donald M. Fisher, "'
457:Adamski, Barbara K.
388:In May 1964, former
275:1908 Summer Olympics
3141:Lacrosse by country
3046:Table Tennis Canada
2951:Field Hockey Canada
2889:Canada Rugby League
2455:World Cup of Hockey
2185:Australian football
1703:Significant figures
1658:Quidditch in Canada
840:Mott, Morris, ed.
823:(1976) 3#1 pp 1–19.
790:Winnipeg Free Press
765:Winnipeg Free Press
655:Winnipeg Free Press
544:(1976) 3#1 pp 1-19.
492:(1974) 5#2 pp 31-47
479:(1976) 3#1 pp 1-19.
246:History of lacrosse
3136:Lacrosse in Canada
3006:Ski Jumping Canada
2450:Stanley Cup Finals
1795:Commonwealth Games
1648:Lacrosse in Canada
1603:Baseball in Canada
1345:World Championship
1186:
812:Fisher, Donald M.
586:The Ottawa Journal
505:(2000) 80#5 pp8-14
399:The Canadian Press
364:is a professional
331:
279:
214:lacrosse in Canada
32:Lacrosse in Canada
3123:
3122:
3056:Volleyball Canada
2542:U Sports football
2303:Ice sledge hockey
1756:Tip O'Neill Award
1683:Surfing in Canada
1633:Cycling in Canada
1628:Cricket in Canada
1618:Canadian football
1545:
1544:
1350:Women's World Cup
1102:
1101:
826:Metcalfe, Alan.
706:Shillington, Stan
680:Medicine Hat News
567:978-1-59884-300-2
423:Lester B. Pearson
210:
209:
147:Club competitions
100:Men's indoor team
16:(Redirected from
3153:
3113:
3112:
2986:Quidditch Canada
2956:Floorball Canada
2794:Athletics Canada
2777:Governing bodies
2640:Challenge Trophy
2479:British Columbia
1805:Special Olympics
1726:Team of the Year
1678:Soccer in Canada
1613:Boxing in Canada
1593:Sports in Canada
1579:Sports in Canada
1572:
1565:
1558:
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856:(456): 209–225.
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582:"Notes Of Sport"
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532:
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519:
512:
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486:
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454:
436:Sports in Canada
113:
95:Men's field team
89:
88:National team(s)
77:
41:
29:
21:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3101:
3065:
2809:Biathlon Canada
2804:Baseball Canada
2772:
2696:
2668:
2571:
2530:
2423:
2173:
2112:
2091:
1960:
1809:
1785:Winter Olympics
1780:Summer Olympics
1767:
1761:
1697:
1623:Chess in Canada
1581:
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837:(2005). 318 pp.
809:
807:Further reading
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405:, and that the
386:
374:London, Ontario
343:
248:
242:
228:which declared
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141:
123:
111:
87:
75:
62:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3099:
3094:
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3087:ParticipACTION
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3077:Quebec Games
3026:Sport Canada
3011:Skate Canada
2996:Rugby Canada
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1800:Pan Am Games
1693:Canada Games
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1337:Competitions
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112:First played
26:
2971:Judo Canada
2961:Golf Canada
2763:Horse races
2680:Tournaments
2514:Nova Scotia
2445:Stanley Cup
2344:men's youth
2326:Rugby union
1790:Paralympics
1537:WikiProject
1302:Netherlands
1221:Intercrosse
1162:Terminology
418:Bob Prittie
260:tewaarathon
3130:Categories
3061:Water Polo
2819:Basketball
2743:Motorsport
2723:Basketball
2562:Vanier Cup
2460:Canada Cup
2428:Ice hockey
2410:Water polo
2396:Volleyball
2288:men's U-20
2280:Ice hockey
2265:men's U-19
2215:Basketball
1766:Canada at
1758:(baseball)
1495:Polocrosse
891:"Lacrosse"
746:2019-08-21
719:2019-06-06
459:"Lacrosse"
256:baggataway
244:See also:
234:ice hockey
57:2008 Men's
2386:Davis Cup
2313:Quidditch
2257:Floorball
2205:Badminton
1403:Australia
1272:Australia
1264:Countries
1231:Equipment
1155:stickball
960:Australia
870:144703704
137:Minto Cup
3115:Category
2728:Lacrosse
2711:Baseball
2708:Teams...
2552:Grey Cup
2535:Football
2494:Manitoba
2354:Softball
2275:Football
2210:Baseball
1775:Olympics
1746:(female)
1740:(female)
1514:Category
1488:Variants
1423:National
1307:Scotland
1167:Strategy
1143:Overview
1136:Lacrosse
592:July 31,
430:See also
271:Canadian
230:lacrosse
132:Mann Cup
51:and the
45:lacrosse
3070:Related
3041:Synchro
2789:Archery
2768:Curling
2716:defunct
2583:Leagues
2499:Ontario
2484:Alberta
2390:Fed Cup
2229:Cricket
1526:Commons
1459:Coaches
1444:Players
1292:England
1277:Bermuda
1216:Women's
1206:College
1150:History
935:winners
844:(1989).
830:(1987).
323:Calgary
240:History
212:Modern
67:Country
55:at the
2936:Diving
2758:Soccer
2748:Tennis
2609:· ON (
2576:Soccer
2504:Quebec
2382:Tennis
2368:Squash
2336:Soccer
2330:sevens
2189:Bandy
1752:(male)
1437:People
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299:hockey
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2753:Cycle
2615:women
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1395:Teams
1385:Sixes
1327:India
1322:Wales
1312:Spain
1249:Glove
1211:Field
1193:Types
1172:Years
866:S2CID
442:Notes
2738:Golf
2630:Cups
2617:) ·
2169:2022
2164:2018
2159:2014
2154:2010
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2139:1982
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2108:2010
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2087:2022
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2012:1964
2007:1960
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1982:1932
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1972:1924
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1951:2020
1946:2016
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1936:2008
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1831:1908
1826:1904
1821:1900
1244:Ball
1080:2024
1061:2019
1042:2015
1023:2011
1004:2007
985:2003
966:1999
947:1995
594:2014
562:ISBN
360:The
258:and
2611:men
2547:CFL
2440:NHL
2414:men
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1380:Box
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858:doi
854:115
635:,"
321:in
317:at
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