1749:
180:. He was charged with a criminal offence. Those charges were dismissed, but allegations of impropriety continued to be made by some. This gave rise to quite a bit of public debate; some in the legal profession criticized the fact that the judge was still sitting. A Committee of the Law Society, despite not having jurisdiction over a federally appointed judge, produced a negative report without even notifying Landreville of its proceedings.
34:
209:, wrote that "ithout a doubt, the Landreville case figured prominently in the decision to establish the council." He quotes the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Justice who spoke during second reading of the Bill that created the Council: "Because the independence of the judiciary is an integral part of the Canadian democratic process, it is important that the judiciary become, to some extent, a self-disciplinary body."
197:
There were many who came to a view that the process which had been followed was flawed: the absence of a process defined in legislation to review the conduct of a judge left too much room for review by the law societies, government or
Parliament, of even other bodies without necessarily involving the
830:
The
Canadian Judicial Council was granted power under the Judges Act to investigate complaints made by members of the public or the Attorney General about the conduct of federally appointed judges. After its review and investigation of a complaint, the Council can make recommendations to Parliament
1164:
In its 40-year history, the CJC has only ordered 11 public inquiries and only twice recommended that a judge be removed from the bench. In the 145 years since
Confederation, only five superior court judges have been recommended for removal from the bench. All but one resigned before being removed.
1168:
The CJC has declined to recommend removal even in cases where there was a finding of inappropriate conduct. In 2008, a CJC inquiry panel recommended removing
Ontario Superior Court Justice Theodore Matlow from the bench, but a majority of the full CJC overruled the removal recommendation despite
1199:
The CJC is composed only of judges. Galati criticized the makeup of the CJC, pointing out that judges are the only truly self-regulating profession in Canada, and has urged public participation in the process. Osgoode Hall Law School professor Allan
Hutchison argued that the CJC should include
163:
following years of discussion about the need to coordinate professional development and judicial conduct matters for judges, in a way that would respect the judiciary as an independent branch of government. The review of complaints had previously usually been coordinated by the
1212:
In
September 2003, the Canadian Justice Review Board, a non-governmental advocacy group and "coalition of citizens," expressed concern that the CJC is too secretive. Wooley criticized the CJC for not clearly articulating what constituted misconduct worthy of sanctions.
1126:
A re-hearing of the first inquiry conducted in 2016. The full council voted 23–3 in favour of recommending to the
Minister of Justice to remove Justice Girouard from office on February 20, 2018. Resigned after appeals failed.
846:
While the majority of complaints are dealt with quickly and without a public hearing, there are some instances where a judge's conduct is considered to be of sufficient concern that further inquiry is warranted.
224:
The CJC's activities have been characterized as seeking to investigate complaints about judicial misbehaviour and on the other hand protecting the reputation of judges against unfounded accusations.
1527:"In the Matter of an Inquiry Pursuant to s. 63(1) of the Judges Act Regarding the Honourable Justice Robin Camp Report and Recommendation of the Inquiry Committee to the Canadian Judicial Council"
838:
Canada is one of the very few countries where a complaint can be made against the Chief
Justice in the same way as any other judge. The Chief Justice is not involved in the review of complaints.
1204:
professor and
Canadian Association for Legal Ethics president Alice Wooley said including laypersons in the CJC would ensure that the process is less insular and more transparent.
183:
There being no defined process to formally inquire into the conduct of a judge, the government then constituted a one-man Royal
Commission headed by former Supreme Court Justice
1617:
1584:
1176:
After a full panel of the CJC ignored its committee recommendation and recommended that Quebec judge Michel Girouard should remain on the bench, federal Justice Minister
1371:
187:. In his report, Rand found some improprieties and was critical of Justice Landreville. However, some said Mr Rand was biased and famous constitutional lawyer
1769:
456:
233:
1560:
1764:
1720:
1784:
486:
471:
461:
216:, "There is no doubt that the awkwardness and uncertainty of the Landreville proceeding was a factor motivating Parliament to adopt this new procedure."
717:
441:
1606:
620:
1526:
1779:
635:
625:
391:
1201:
814:
300:
1483:
1395:
1191:
professor Trevor Farrow said that the rarity of removals reflects the high value that is placed on independence for judges in Canada.
1281:
583:
350:
340:
129:
1173:
criticized the difficulty of removing judges, saying that "it's easier to get a constitutional amendment than to remove a judge."
1774:
1187:
The CJC has said that misconduct should not guarantee the judge's removal, and the gravity of the misconduct must be determined.
850:
Since its inception in 1971, the CJC has referred a total of 14 complaints (one involving three judges) to an inquiry committee:
700:
426:
335:
194:
After the Rand report became public, a joint Committee of Parliament eventually recommended the judge's removal and he resigned.
431:
165:
1789:
705:
1221:
Some critics have pointed out that the only available sanction of removal may not be appropriate in some circumstances.
832:
504:
1445:
566:
499:
481:
283:
1636:
1420:
1506:
1472:
Statement by the Canadian Judicial Council regarding the Inquiry in to the conduct of the Honourable Lori Douglas
514:
379:
1693:
1550:
1200:
members of the public, and criticized the hypocrisy of judges calling for natural justice in other professions.
1794:
1717:
665:
571:
551:
374:
288:
1471:
1595:
1573:
1188:
745:
655:
271:
266:
144:
760:
730:
650:
260:
237:
232:
The Council has 41 members, composed of chief justices and associate chief justices. It is chaired by the
148:
143:
The Council has 41 members, composed of chief justices and associate chief justices. It is chaired by the
90:
1181:
188:
1574:
An Inquiry Committee of the Canadian Judicial Council recommends the removal of Justice Michel Girouard
1177:
578:
160:
1142:
1051:
788:
1343:
712:
191:
who represented Justice Landreville before the Commission was seriously critical of the process.
524:
1551:"Judge in 'knees together' sex assault case resigns after judicial council recommends removal"
1277:
770:
1312:
1148:
Justice Newbould retired from office before the proceedings of the Inquiry Committee began.
755:
278:
213:
33:
1724:
783:
177:
121:
62:
1748:
1596:
Canadian Judicial Council recommends that Justice Michel Girouard be removed from office
1296:
561:
295:
202:
1109:
Resigned, after the Minister of Justice sought to remove Justice Camp from the bench
1758:
1023:
798:
137:
1450:
1170:
1042:
645:
740:
176:
A key factor that facilitated the creation of the council was the case of justice
1507:"Judge who allegedly bought cocaine should stay on bench, says judicial watchdog"
1271:
604:
451:
386:
1484:"Quebec judge handled illegal donations but panel says he should keep his job"
1098:
1607:
Michel Girouard resigns from Quebec Superior Court: Canadian Judicial Council
1668:
1372:"Lori Douglas scandal inquiry: A look at cases when judges judge themselves"
184:
1555:
1243:
1585:
Federal, Quebec justice ministers ask CJC for new hearing on Girouard
133:
66:
1669:"Growing calls for reform in way those who judge others are judged"
1317:
A Place Apart: Judicial Independence and Accountability in Canada
1618:
Report of the Inquiry Committee to the Canadian Judicial Council
1015:
Remained after full panel of CJC recommended he not be removed
1742:
1718:"Press Release," Canadian Justice Review Board, 4 Feb. 2005
168:, with the occasional involvement of local Chief Justices.
1421:"Canadian Judicial Council Inquiry Committee Decisions"
532:
Associate Chief Justice of the Court, Family Division
418:
Associate Chief Justice of the Court, Family Division
1637:"What it takes to have a misbehaving judge dismissed"
1057:
Decision stayed after Douglas agreed to retire early
101:
1396:"What's at stake in the case of Justice Robin Camp"
96:
83:
73:
58:
40:
1694:"Canadian Justice Review Board - Curious Question"
476:Chief Justice of the Trial Division of the Court
1273:Law, Politics and the Judicial Process in Canada
1090:Full panel of CJC recommended he not be removed
1446:"Lori Douglas to quit rather than face inquiry"
932:Resigned before committee made recommendation
8:
1184:ordered the CJC to reconsider its decision.
681:Senior Associate Chief Justice of the Court
457:Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador
234:Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
19:
16:National council of the judiciary of Canada
1747:
487:Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories
472:Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador
462:Chief Justice of Newfoundland and Labrador
32:
18:
852:
242:
1230:
718:Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan
621:Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island
442:Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick
159:The council was created in 1971 by the
244:CJC members, as of November 2021
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1501:
1499:
835:that a judge be removed from office.
806:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
778:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
692:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
636:Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island
626:Chief Justice of Prince Edward Island
612:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
543:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
407:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
366:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
327:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
316:Associate Chief Justice of the Court
7:
1444:Pritchard, Dean (24 November 2014).
1365:
1363:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1270:Morton, Frederick Lee (2002-01-01).
1265:
1263:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1202:University of Calgary Faculty of Law
815:Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada
1770:Legal organizations based in Canada
599:Associate Chief Justice of Ontario
415:Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
404:Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
126:Conseil canadien de la magistrature
26:Conseil canadien de la magistrature
1765:National councils of the judiciary
609:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
392:Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba
363:Supreme Court of British Columbia
324:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
313:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
14:
1785:Organizations established in 1971
584:Ontario Superior Court of Justice
351:Supreme Court of British Columbia
341:Chief Justice of British Columbia
301:Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta
130:national council of the judiciary
1563:from the original on 2023-06-07.
701:Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan
427:Court of Appeal of New Brunswick
336:British Columbia Court of Appeal
1276:. University of Calgary Press.
1169:agreeing there was misconduct.
432:Chief Justice of New Brunswick
1:
1780:1971 establishments in Canada
1370:Scallan, Niamh (2012-07-30).
706:Chief Justice of Saskatchewan
1180:and Quebec Justice Minister
596:Court of Appeal for Ontario
505:Chief Justice of Nova Scotia
819:Chief Justice of the Court
793:Chief Justice of the Court
765:Chief Justice of the Court
750:Chief Justice of the Court
735:Chief Justice of the Court
722:Chief Justice of the Court
670:Chief Justice of the Court
640:Chief Justice of the Court
588:Chief Justice of the Court
567:Court of Appeal for Ontario
556:Chief Justice of the Court
519:Chief Justice of the Court
500:Nova Scotia Court of Appeal
491:Chief Justice of the Court
446:Chief Justice of the Court
396:Chief Justice of the Court
355:Chief Justice of the Court
305:Chief Justice of the Court
220:Organization and activities
136:, overseeing the country's
46:; 53 years ago
1811:
540:Nova Scotia Supreme Court
529:Nova Scotia Supreme Court
284:Court of Appeal of Alberta
1425:Canadian Judicial Council
1248:Canadian Judicial Council
864:Committee recommendation
689:Superior Court of Quebec
678:Superior Court of Quebec
515:Nova Scotia Supreme Court
380:Chief Justice of Manitoba
114:Canadian Judicial Council
31:
24:
20:Canadian Judicial Council
842:List of public inquiries
666:Superior Court of Quebec
572:Chief Justice of Ontario
552:Nunavut Court of Justice
375:Manitoba Court of Appeal
289:Chief Justice of Alberta
25:
1775:Legal history of Canada
1727:, accessed 13 July 2013
1189:Osgoode Hall Law School
746:Federal Court of Appeal
656:Chief Justice of Quebec
347:Christopher E. Hinkson
272:Chief Justice of Canada
267:Supreme Court of Canada
145:Chief Justice of Canada
731:Supreme Court of Yukon
651:Quebec Court of Appeal
125:
482:Louise A. Charbonneau
166:Department of Justice
1790:1971 in Canadian law
1344:"Judging the judges"
1342:McKiernan, Michael.
1178:Jody Wilson-Raybould
826:Review of Complaints
803:Tax Court of Canada
662:Jacques R. Fournier
401:Shane I. Perlmutter
371:Richard J. Chartier
236:, currently Justice
161:Parliament of Canada
147:, currently Justice
1244:"About the Council"
923:Fernand L. Gratton
833:Minister of Justice
789:Tax Court of Canada
632:Tracey L. Clements
593:J. Michal Fairburn
310:Kenneth G. Nielsen
279:Catherine A. Fraser
245:
21:
1723:2011-09-11 at the
1217:Range of sanctions
1141:None (proceedings
1050:None (proceedings
784:Eugene P. Rossiter
713:Martel D. Popescul
675:Catherine La Rosa
537:Patrick J. Duncan
525:Lawrence I. O'Neil
468:Raymond P. Whalen
423:J.C. Marc Richard
360:Heather J. Holmes
243:
1313:Friedland, Martin
1152:
1151:
990:Jean-Guy Boilard
823:
822:
617:David H. Jenkins
579:Geoffrey Morawetz
562:George R. Strathy
511:Deborah K. Smith
110:
109:
1802:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1743:Official website
1728:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1692:Crosby, Connie.
1689:
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1667:Schmitz, Chris.
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1182:Stéphanie Vallée
1160:Limited removals
1117:Michel Girouard
1081:Michel Girouard
1006:Theodore Matlow
907:Angus MacDonald
853:
811:B. Richard Bell
756:Paul S. Crampton
697:Robert Richards
548:Neil A. Sharkey
496:Michael J. Wood
246:
214:Martin Friedland
172:Landreville case
106:
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52:
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1795:Canadian judges
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1725:Wayback Machine
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1135:Frank Newbould
957:Robert Flahiff
940:Jean Bienvenue
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727:Suzanne Duncan
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178:Leo Landreville
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63:Ottawa, Ontario
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1559:. 2017-03-09.
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1303:. p. 194.
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452:Deborah E. Fry
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438:Tracey DeWare
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296:Mary T. Moreau
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263:(Chairperson)
261:Richard Wagner
257:
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238:Richard Wagner
229:
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205:, in his book
203:William Kaplan
189:J.J. Robinette
173:
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149:Richard Wagner
138:federal judges
108:
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91:Richard Wagner
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1698:SLaw Magazine
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1322:
1319:. p. 88.
1318:
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1283:9781552380468
1279:
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1195:Makeup of CJC
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1451:Winnipeg Sun
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1402:. 2016-09-07
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1376:Toronto Star
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875:Gordon Hart
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59:Headquarters
1457:26 November
686:Eva Petras
387:Glenn Joyal
198:judiciary.
1759:Categories
1678:2016-09-09
1646:2016-09-09
1535:1 December
1512:2016-09-09
1489:2016-09-09
1430:2016-09-09
1406:2016-09-09
1381:2016-09-09
1353:2016-09-09
1253:2021-11-14
1225:References
1155:Criticisms
1099:Robin Camp
201:Professor
1400:Maclean's
1034:Resigned
966:Resigned
949:Resigned
741:Marc Noël
185:Ivan Rand
128:) is the
69:, K1A 0W8
41:Formation
1721:Archived
1641:CBC News
1561:Archived
1556:CBC News
1315:. 1995.
1123:Removal
1106:Removal
1087:Removal
1031:Removal
1012:Removal
963:Removal
946:Removal
867:Outcome
249:Justice
89:Justice
1208:Secrecy
1071:Remain
996:Remain
980:Remain
913:Remain
897:Remain
881:Remain
228:Members
155:History
102:cjc-ccm
97:Website
75:Region
49: (
1703:May 3,
1280:
1143:stayed
1052:stayed
255:Title
134:Canada
122:French
79:Canada
67:Canada
1530:(PDF)
1138:2017
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1103:2016
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1028:2009
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960:1999
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929:None
926:1994
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858:Name
85:Chair
1705:2013
1537:2016
1459:2014
1278:ISBN
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104:.ca
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