186:
421:, an independent labour candidate who was elected to the British Columbia legislature for the coal-mining constituency of Nanaimo, joined the Revolutionary Socialist Party of Canada. This party had split from the Socialist Party of British Columbia due to ideological differences. The Revolutionary Socialist Party proved short-lived. A series of organizational mergers and splits followed in British Columbia.
334:. (The so-called "servant problem" was the problem that middle-class families had with cleaning, cooking, and especially entertaining at the level that was socially expected. It was too much work for any one person to do herself, but middle-class families, unlike wealthy families, could not afford to pay the wages necessary to attract and retain skilled household employees.) Her message was typical of
465:
In May 1903 there were discussions about merging the
Socialist Parties of Ontario, Manitoba, and British Columbia into a national party, but the project was put off due to lack of money. At the end of December 1904 the SPBC held its fourth convention, where delegates were told the locals in Winnipeg,
381:
In April 1900 the United
Socialist Labor Party (USLP) was formed in British Columbia as a splinter group from the Socialist Labor Party (SLP). The first socialist convention was held in British Columbia in October 1900. The CSL cooperated with the USLP at this meeting, where the red flag flew over
292:
The CSL was primarily concerned with educating the electorate about socialism, and was not a parliamentary party in the modern sense. It held meetings to stir up interest in socialism and to debate subjects such as the relationship between socialism and
Christianity. Disputes soon erupted between
311:, was invited to Toronto to address the league and accepted the position of honorary president of the league's executive. In his writings Sheldon discussed social problems such as unemployment, poverty, racialism, alcohol, corruption and so on, always asking "
283:
ideals. The CSL was broad and flexible, open to radicals, labourites, socialists, and women's rights activists. Leadership was mostly male and
English-speaking. Women who were active in the organization were typically married and did not work for a living.
364:
as its candidate for North
Toronto in the 1902 provincial election. Haile was also active in the WCTU, and took a maternal feminist position. As a woman she was opposed by various factions, and an attempt was made to exclude her from the ballot. The
382:
the hall during the sessions despite attempts by the police to have it hauled down. A provincial federation within the CSL was agreed but was not in fact established. In 1901 the
Socialist Party of British Columbia was formed, allied with the
450:
had a guaranteed circulation of 6,000 three days a week. Although privately owned the paper expressed the views of the
Socialist Party of British Columbia, but gave coverage to controversies among Canadian socialist groups.
470:(SPC). Wrigley and Thomson helped merge the CSL into the SPC. By 1905 all of the Canadian socialist organizations had come together in the SPC. The party was formed officially on 19 February 1905.
249:, was the organizer in British Columbia. A formal organizing convention for the Ontario Socialist League was held in Toronto in November 1901 to provide the base for the national organization.
481:. When the SPC became dominant, this was a step backward for women, since the men who dominated the SPC refused to support women's causes such as suffrage and fair wages.
394:, helped organize this more radical group. He said that Wrigley "stood for capitalistic thought, for compromise and for pasturage on both sides of the fence."
413:, Socialist Party of Manitoba and Socialist Party of British Columbia had been formed by CSL members. In March 1902 John Cameron organized a CSL local in
1064:
493:
into the radical religious materialism of the
Canadian Socialist League can be traced in successor socialist groups in Canada for the next twenty years.
1059:
330:(WCTU). In her short-lived column "The Kingdom of the Home" she discussed issues such as suffrage, charity, prohibition, prostitution and the
1039:
1000:
978:
959:
933:
910:
881:
847:
327:
1069:
827:
129:
350:
202:
245:, by January 1900, which became the focus of its activities in that province. John M. Cameron, a former member of the Utopian
234:
473:
The SPC was the first socialist party in Canada to be a serious force in electoral politics. It was radical, advocated the
338:, that love and purity, the values of the home sphere, should also guide politics. Other women activists in the CSL were
105:
425:
418:
417:, recruiting from members of the labour party. In November 1902 the Socialist Party of Manitoba was formed. In 1902
383:
185:
467:
460:
174:
73:
17:
832:
The View from Murney Tower: Salem Bland, the Late
Victorian Controversies, and the Search for a New Christianity
410:
222:
988:
482:
406:
312:
246:
218:
432:, which he moved to Vancouver. With the help of Wrigley the paper began to appear in July 1902 as the
478:
343:
331:
369:, the labour paper, would not endorse her. She won only 81 votes in the election, but was hailed by
264:
was applied
Christianity and "Christ was the first socialist." The league rejected the ideology of
257:
230:
173:. Members of the league formed provincial socialist parties. In 1905 these parties merged into the
170:
134:
853:
124:
268:, and emphasized reform and public ownership. It has been described as a transitional group of
1035:
996:
974:
955:
929:
906:
877:
843:
335:
921:
898:
869:
835:
242:
226:
209:. Support for the league appeared about the same time in the summer of 1899 in Montreal and
166:
490:
474:
442:
387:
294:
971:
Reformers, Rebels, and Revolutionaries: The Western Canadian Radical Movement, 1899–1919
922:
865:
361:
353:
319:
298:
265:
229:, in an effort to pull together the reform forces that had become fragmented after the
206:
1053:
903:
History of Socialism: An Historical Comparative Study of Socialism, Communism, Utopia
870:
857:
398:
1011:
307:
339:
440:, then was merged with two other newspapers and appeared on 8 May 1903 as the
279:-oriented socialists made the group more radical, the CSL was still wedded to
238:
397:
By January 1902 there were more than sixty CSL branches in Canada, including
486:
349:
280:
272:
269:
261:
154:
114:
110:
839:
414:
402:
373:
as the first woman to run in a political election in the British Empire.
198:
158:
276:
214:
210:
193:(4 May 1900) from a tailor who proclaims his support for Trade Unionism
162:
87:
83:
872:
Dreaming of What Might Be: The Knights of Labor in Ontario, 1880–1900
466:
Toronto, and Fredericton, New Brunswick were interested in forming a
302:
348:
184:
924:
Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet
952:
Government of Edward Schreyer: Democratic Socialism in Manitoba
356:, CSL candidate for North Toronto, from 1902 campaign material
571:
569:
734:
732:
973:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press (published 1991).
588:
586:
584:
993:
Rebels, Reds, Radicals: Rethinking Canada's Left History
529:
527:
707:
705:
703:
630:
628:
1032:
The Feminist Challenge to the Canadian Left, 1900–1918
615:
613:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
205:. The founders rejected the Labor party leadership of
16:
For the Canadian Trotskyist group formed in 1974, see
834:. Vol. 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
514:
512:
510:
104:
94:
79:
69:
54:
39:
30:
876:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
197:The Canadian Socialist League (CSL) was formed in
157:organization founded in Canada. It originated in
293:Protestant ministers and Marxists. The minister
171:socialism based on Christian reform principles
1034:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
954:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
8:
575:
275:and moderate Christian socialists. Although
1012:"History of the Socialist Party of Canada"
694:
604:
27:
750:
738:
592:
533:
506:
485:considers that the blend of ideas from
711:
682:
646:
634:
928:. New York: Oxford University Press.
810:
798:
786:
774:
762:
723:
670:
658:
619:
560:
518:
318:Edith Wrigley, wife of the publisher
7:
322:, edited the women's column in the
305:, author of the best-selling novel
252:Wrigley, editor of the CSL's organ
328:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
169:. The leaders espoused a moderate
14:
1065:Christian socialist organizations
201:in 1898 by former members of the
905:. Abingdon, England: Routledge.
256:, dominated the league with his
995:. Toronto: Between the Lines.
161:in 1898, but was strongest in
1:
1060:1898 establishments in Quebec
950:McAllister, James A. (1984).
326:. She was also active in the
25:Political party in Canada
405:, British Columbia, and the
1070:Socialist parties in Canada
969:McCormack, A. Ross (1977).
920:Levenstein, Harvey (1988).
868:; Palmer, Bryan D. (1982).
426:Richard Parmater Pettipiece
419:James Hurst Hawthornthwaite
153:) was the first nationwide
1086:
1017:. World Socialist Movement
1010:Milne, J. M. (1973).
458:
384:Socialist Party of America
360:In 1902 the CSL nominated
15:
468:Socialist Party of Canada
461:Socialist Party of Canada
455:Socialist Party of Canada
237:. The CSL had a local in
217:the CSL was organized by
175:Socialist Party of Canada
147:Canadian Socialist League
120:
74:Socialist Party of Canada
33:Canadian Socialist League
18:Socialist League (Canada)
576:Kealey & Palmer 1982
411:Ontario Socialist League
390:, editor of the Seattle
223:Thomas Phillips Thompson
1030:Newton, Janice (1995).
475:overthrow of capitalism
428:bought an interest in
357:
260:. The CSL leader said
194:
858:10.3138/9781442689589
840:10.3138/9781442689589
407:Northwest Territories
352:
235:1896 federal election
233:were defeated in the
219:George Weston Wrigley
203:Socialist Labor Party
188:
479:Second International
436:. It was renamed to
344:Augusta Stowe-Gullen
313:What would Jesus do?
477:, and rejected the
430:Citizen and Country
371:Citizen and Country
324:Citizen and Country
258:Christian socialism
254:Citizen and Country
231:Patrons of Industry
191:Citizen and Country
99:Citizen and Country
866:Kealey, Gregory S.
434:Canadian Socialist
358:
195:
125:Politics of Canada
1041:978-0-7735-1291-7
1002:978-1-896357-97-3
980:978-0-8020-7682-3
961:978-0-7735-6100-7
935:978-0-19-504365-5
912:978-1-136-23150-6
899:Laidler, Harry W.
883:978-0-521-24430-5
849:978-0-8020-9748-4
697:, pp. 60–71.
438:Western Socialist
377:Provincial groups
336:maternal feminism
189:Advertisement in
143:
142:
130:Political parties
70:Succeeded by
1077:
1045:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1006:
984:
965:
946:
944:
942:
927:
916:
894:
892:
890:
875:
861:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
727:
721:
715:
709:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
623:
617:
608:
602:
596:
590:
579:
573:
564:
558:
537:
531:
522:
516:
243:British Columbia
227:Knights of Labor
167:British Columbia
65:
63:
50:
48:
28:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1003:
987:
981:
968:
962:
949:
940:
938:
936:
919:
913:
897:
888:
886:
884:
864:
850:
826:
822:
817:
809:
805:
797:
793:
785:
781:
773:
769:
761:
757:
749:
745:
737:
730:
722:
718:
710:
701:
695:Levenstein 1988
693:
689:
681:
677:
669:
665:
657:
653:
645:
641:
633:
626:
618:
611:
605:McAllister 1984
603:
599:
591:
582:
574:
567:
559:
540:
532:
525:
517:
508:
504:
499:
491:Herbert Spencer
463:
457:
448:Western Clarion
443:Western Clarion
388:Hermon F. Titus
379:
332:servant problem
295:Charles Sheldon
290:
183:
139:
61:
59:
46:
44:
35:
34:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1027:
1007:
1001:
985:
979:
966:
960:
947:
934:
917:
911:
895:
882:
862:
848:
828:Allen, Richard
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
751:McCormack 1977
743:
739:McCormack 1977
728:
726:, p. 269.
716:
699:
687:
675:
673:, p. 314.
663:
661:, p. 154.
651:
639:
637:, p. 168.
624:
622:, p. 444.
609:
597:
593:McCormack 1977
580:
578:, p. 392.
565:
563:, p. 151.
538:
536:, p. 653.
523:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
459:Main article:
456:
453:
378:
375:
362:Margaret Haile
354:Margaret Haile
320:George Wrigley
289:
286:
266:class struggle
225:, both former
207:Daniel De Leon
182:
179:
141:
140:
138:
137:
132:
127:
121:
118:
117:
108:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
56:
52:
51:
41:
37:
36:
32:
31:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1082:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1013:
1008:
1004:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
976:
972:
967:
963:
957:
953:
948:
937:
931:
926:
925:
918:
914:
908:
904:
900:
896:
885:
879:
874:
873:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
813:, p. 10.
812:
807:
804:
800:
795:
792:
788:
783:
780:
776:
771:
768:
764:
759:
756:
753:, p. 82.
752:
747:
744:
741:, p. 24.
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
720:
717:
714:, p. 17.
713:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
688:
685:, p. 16.
684:
679:
676:
672:
667:
664:
660:
655:
652:
649:, p. 15.
648:
643:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
607:, p. 89.
606:
601:
598:
595:, p. 23.
594:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
511:
507:
501:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
462:
454:
452:
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:New Brunswick
395:
393:
389:
385:
376:
374:
372:
368:
363:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
287:
285:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
247:Ruskin colony
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
187:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
57:
53:
42:
38:
29:
23:
19:
1031:
1019:. Retrieved
992:
970:
951:
939:. Retrieved
923:
902:
887:. Retrieved
871:
831:
820:Bibliography
806:
801:, p. 9.
794:
789:, p. 8.
782:
777:, p. 2.
770:
765:, p. 6.
758:
746:
719:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
600:
534:Laidler 1998
521:, p. 1.
472:
464:
447:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
396:
391:
380:
370:
366:
359:
323:
317:
308:In His Steps
306:
291:
253:
251:
196:
190:
150:
146:
144:
98:
80:Headquarters
22:
712:Newton 1995
683:Newton 1995
647:Newton 1995
635:Newton 1995
401:, Ontario,
340:Emily Stowe
1054:Categories
989:McKay, Ian
811:Milne 1973
799:Milne 1973
787:Milne 1973
775:Milne 1973
763:Milne 1973
724:Allen 2008
671:Allen 2008
659:McKay 2005
620:Allen 2008
561:McKay 2005
519:Milne 1973
497:References
288:Activities
239:Port Moody
181:Foundation
1021:30 August
901:(1998) .
502:Footnotes
487:Karl Marx
483:Ian McKay
392:Socialist
281:reformist
273:romantics
270:Ruskinian
262:socialism
155:socialist
135:Elections
115:Communism
111:Socialism
95:Newspaper
55:Dissolved
991:(2005).
830:(2008).
424:In 1902
415:Winnipeg
403:Manitoba
199:Montreal
159:Montreal
106:Ideology
90:, Canada
409:. The
277:Marxist
215:Ontario
211:Toronto
177:(SPC).
163:Ontario
88:Ontario
84:Toronto
60: (
45: (
40:Founded
1038:
999:
977:
958:
941:9 July
932:
909:
889:9 July
880:
856:
846:
446:. The
367:Toiler
303:Kansas
299:Topeka
1015:(PDF)
854:JSTOR
213:. In
1036:ISBN
1023:2014
997:ISBN
975:ISBN
956:ISBN
943:2020
930:ISBN
907:ISBN
891:2020
878:ISBN
844:ISBN
489:and
342:and
221:and
165:and
145:The
62:1905
58:1905
47:1898
43:1898
836:doi
297:of
151:CSL
113:,
1056::
852:.
842:.
731:^
702:^
627:^
612:^
583:^
568:^
541:^
526:^
509:^
386:.
346:.
315:"
301:,
241:,
86:,
1044:.
1025:.
1005:.
983:.
964:.
945:.
915:.
893:.
860:.
838::
149:(
64:)
49:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
