719:
51:
690:; it describes its mission as "To serve and unite the physicians of Canada and be the national advocate, in partnership with the people of Canada, for the highest standards of health and health care." Because healthcare is deemed to be under provincial/territorial jurisdiction, negotiations on behalf of physicians are conducted by provincial associations such as the Ontario Medical Association. The views of Canadian doctors have been mixed, particularly in their support for allowing parallel private financing. The history of Canadian physicians in the development of Medicare has been described by
981:(PhD) programs in related fields. Often this research training is undertaken during elective time and between the basic science and clinical clerkship halves of the curriculum. For example, while Université de Sherbrooke offers a M.D./MSc program, McGill University offers a M.D./PhD for medical students holding an undergraduate degree in a relevant field. Some universities also offer joint programs in business administration, including McGill University with its joint program leading to the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and
542:, which dominated medical instruction in the West for the following half century. Around this time, a movement began that called for the improved healthcare for the poor, focusing mainly on sanitation and hygiene. This period saw important advances including the provision of safe drinking water to most of the population, public baths and beaches, and municipal garbage services to remove waste from the city. During this period, medical care was severely lacking for the poor and minorities such as
221:
619:. Canada's provincially based Medicare systems are cost-effective because of their administrative simplicity. In each province, each doctor handles the insurance claim against the provincial insurer. There is no need for the person who accesses healthcare to be involved in billing and reclaim. Private health expenditure accounts for about 30% of health care financing. The Canada Health Act does not cover prescription drugs, home care or long-term care, or
270:
679:. The report stated that 1,370 obstetricians were practising in Canada and that number is expected to fall by at least one-third within five years. The society is asking the government to increase the number of residency positions obstetrics and gynecology by 30 percent a year for three years and also recommended rotating placements of doctors into smaller communities to encourage them to take up residence there.
710:, who owns the largest private hospital in Canada and vocally supports increasing private healthcare in Canada. The CMA presidency rotates among the provinces, with the provincial association electing a candidate who is customarily ratified by the CMA general meeting. Day's selection was sufficiently controversial that he was challenged—albeit unsuccessfully—by another physician member.
1052:
eligibility criteria and have no prior postgraduate training in Canada or the US. It is also open to graduates from international medical schools (IMGs) who meet the basic criteria and have no prior postgraduate training in Canada or the US. Some of the positions are exclusive to IMGs who meet the basic criteria, with
Canadian graduates being excluded from applying to these positions.
741:
1395:(CMPA) is a non-profit association committed to provide advice and assistance when medical-legal issues arise in a physician's practice. They provide legal defense, liability protection, and risk-management education for physicians in Canada They also provide monetary compensation to patients and their families proven to have been harmed by negligent clinical care.
1091:, amongst others. The Pediatric Subspecialty Match is for residents currently in a pediatric residency training program who are looking to apply for subspecialty training. Many fields of training are essentially the same as those available for medicine subspecialty training, although the focus is on the pediatric population.
701:
However, internal disputes may occur. In particular, some provincial medical associations have argued for permitting a larger private role. To some extent, this has been a reaction to strong cost control; CIHI estimates that 99% of physician expenditures in Canada come from public sector sources, and
641:
had the lowest average annual salary at $ 165,000, arguably creating inter-provincial competition for doctors and contributing to local shortages at the time. In 2018, to draw attention to the work of nurses and the declining level of service provided to patients, more than 700 physicians, residents,
1074:
Most fellowship training positions are also allocated using the CaRMS algorithm via the Family
Medicine/Emergency Medicine Match, the Medicine Subspecialty Match, and the Pediatric Subspecialty Match. The Family Medicine/Emergency Medicine match is for applicants who are completing or have completed
1243:
The MCC also maintains the
Canadian Medical Register, a list of physicians who have completed or have been exempted from the LMCC requirement. This is the first step for medical graduates who wish to obtain licence to practise prior to applying to their own regulatory body in their home province or
1239:
A pass standing is required on both the QE Part I and the QE Part II in order to be awarded the
Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada designation. LMCC is recognized by the twelve medical licensing authorities in Canada, and is one of the requirements for the issuance of a licence to practise
1075:
postgraduate training in family medicine in Canada and want to pursue further emergency medicine training. The
Medicine Subspecialty Match is for residents currently in an internal medicine residency training program who are looking to apply for subspecialty training. Fields of training may include
1055:
The second iteration includes positions left over from the first iteration, which are often in less desirable locations, programs, and fields. Applicants not matched in the first iteration can apply to these positions. Foreign medical graduates who did not match to the positions exclusively offered
843:
The annual success rate for
Canadian citizens applying for admission to Canadian medical schools is normally below 10%. Just over 2,500 positions were available in first-year classes in 2006-2007 across all seventeen Canadian faculties of medicine. The average cost of tuition in 2006-2007 was $
1059:
Residents’ salaries are negotiated by the residency associations and are determined by two things: the postgraduate year and the province they are working in. A resident physician in the second year of a training program (PGY-2) in
Ontario would receive the same salary as every other resident
1051:
The match for entry level (R-1) postgraduate positions is CaRMS' largest match. It encompasses all 17 Canadian medical schools and is offered in two iterations each year. The first iteration includes all graduating students and prior year graduates from Canada and the US who meet the basic
623:, which implies that most Canadians rely on private insurance from their employers or the government to pay for the costs associated with these services. Provinces provide partial coverage for children, those living in poverty, and seniors. Programs vary by province.
523:
changed the face of medical school instruction with the introduction of the hands-on approach. The
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Upper Canada was established in 1839, and in 1869, it was permanently incorporated. In 1834, William Kelly, a surgeon with the
698:, the CMA itself has been a strong advocate of maintaining a strong publicly funded system, including lobbying the federal government to increase funding, and being a founding member of (and active participant in) the Health Action Lobby (HEAL).
449:. They are responsible for the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. As Canadian medical schools solely offer the
1056:
to them in the first iteration, as well as any US or
Canadian physician with prior post-graduate training obtained in either the first or second iterations of their respective matches can also apply to these remaining training positions.
702:
physicians—particularly those providing elective procedures who have been squeezed for operating room time—have accordingly looked for alternative revenue sources. One indication came in August 2007 when the CMA elected as president Dr.
1353:
Once the MCC Qualifying
Examination Part 2 and the CFPC or RCPSC examinations are completed, the physician must contact their provincial or territorial regulatory authority in order to obtain their license to practice independently.
614:
of 1984. The government ensures the quality of care through federal standards. The government does not participate in day-to-day care or collect any information about an individual's health, which remains confidential as per the
1893:. The image was used in posters and brochures along with the slogan, "Keep Politics Out of this Picture" implying that involvement of the government in medical care would negatively affect the quality of care. 65,000 Posters of
844:
12,728 for medical schools outside of Quebec; in Quebec (for Quebecers only), average tuition was $ 2,943. The level of debt among Canadian medical students upon graduation has received attention in the medical media.
133:
682:
Each province regulates its medical profession through a self-governing regulatory body, which is responsible for licensing physicians, setting practice standards, and investigating and disciplining its members.
1164:"international medical graduates, international medical students in their final clinical year and U.S. osteopathic physicians" who wish to take the MCCQE Part I & II and further pursue LMCC in Canada.
2052:
1473:(1896–1940) – Canadian physician, among Canada's earliest female medical graduates, internationally renowned expert on congenital heart disease, and one of the first women to obtain a BA from
1103:
Qualifying Examination, Part 1. Following residency training, they pass Part 2 of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination, in addition to their specialty written examinations and
2201:
1282:, and grants the certification (CCFP) and fellowship (FCFP) designations to its members. Although membership is not mandatory to practice medicine, it currently numbers over 38,000 members.
560:
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women made inroads into various professions including teaching, journalism, social work, and public health. In 1871, female physicians
653:, making the OMA union a monopoly. Critics argue that this measure has restricted the supply of doctors to guarantee its members' incomes. In 2008, the Ontario Medical Association and the
453:(M.D.) or Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (M.D., C.M.) degrees, these represent the degrees held by the vast majority of physicians and surgeons in Canada, though some have a
2416:
249:
2163:
1290:
The CFPC recognizes the following enhanced skills programs for which it delivers a Certificate of Added Competence (CAC) in a specialized domain of family and community medicine:
2263:
668:
2293:
789:
Admission offers are made by individual medical schools, generally on the basis of a personal statement, autobiographical sketch, undergraduate record (GPA), scores on the
1863:
1343:
477:
1626:
1426:
1071:
Although fellowships are much more common among specialist physicians and surgeons, some are available for physicians having completed training in family medicine.
3112:
144:
2563:
1377:
or alternative payment plans such as Shadow Billing. Average salaries for physicians vary by specialty and province, with surgical specialties earning the most.
840:. Although presently most students enter medicine having previously earned another degree, the M.D. is technically considered an undergraduate degree in Canada.
1405:
1362:
569:
1099:
Canadian physicians must undergo an extensive process of licensing in order to practice independently. Upon graduating from medical school, they must pass the
2224:
1110:
Graduating family physicians will need to pass their CPFC examinations, while specialist physicians or surgeons will need to pass their RCPSC examinations.
2533:
1133:
2594:
242:
2044:
2021:
1104:
462:
368:
2739:
2135:
2932:
2482:
2193:
1999:
1361:
is the regulatory authority which emits licenses to physicians and surgeons working within the province. In Ontario, the regulatory college is the
1392:
1386:
538:
1358:
2412:
664:
said, "One of the things that we've got to do, of course, is ensure that we're competitive ... to attract and keep doctors here in Ontario...".
657:
agreed to a four-year contract with a 12.25% doctors' pay raise, which was expected to cost Ontarians an extra $ 1 billion. Ontario's then-
3184:
3142:
2438:
1858:
1253:
874:
The first half of the medical curriculum is dedicated mostly to teaching the fundamentals of, or basic subjects relevant to, medicine, such as
473:
3076:
3004:
718:
3040:
1532:
837:
752:
516:
235:
2968:
3179:
2661:
2508:
1447:
832:(M.D.) or Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (M.D., C.M.) degree. The only Canadian medical school to offer the M.D., C.M. degree is
805:(a school which promotes francophone culture), do not require the MCAT, as the MCAT has no French equivalent. Some schools, such as the
1763:
1172:
Assesses the skills and knowledge required at the level of a new medical graduate who is about to enter the first year of supervised PGY
997:
802:
599:
580:. These advances included the establishment of a Women's Medical College in Toronto, as well as in Kingston, Ontario. Stowe's daughter,
95:
973:
Some medical schools offer joint degree programs in which a limited number of interested medical students may simultaneously enroll in
726:
There are multiple components to the education of a physician or surgeon in Canada, and the process varies slightly between provinces.
2608:
1433:
745:
2714:
1278:
family medicine training programs in Canadian medical schools, conducts the certification examination for graduating family medicine
1228:
Assesses knowledge, skills and attitudes essential for medical licensure in Canada prior to entry into independent clinical practice.
863:
in the province of Quebec both offer a five-year program that includes a medical preparatory year to entering CEGEP graduates. While
2370:
1128:
in 1912, the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) is an organization charged with the assessment of medical candidates and evaluation of
982:
825:
783:
573:
810:
2633:
910:, among many others. This instruction can be organized by discipline or by organ system. Teaching methods can include traditional
867:
in Quebec City offers a four- to five-year program to all entering students (both CEGEP graduates and university-level students),
2332:
2073:
821:
strictly utilizes the Critical Analysis and Reasoning section of the MCAT to determine interview eligibility and admission rank.
2386:
1068:
Fellowship is an optional phase of training available to physicians having completed at least part of their residency training.
2845:
2307:
1661:
770:
diploma, which is the equivalent of other provinces' grade 12 plus the first year of university. Most faculties of medicine in
790:
454:
380:
501:
during the 18th century, a series of charitable institutions, many set up by Catholic religious orders, provided such care.
472:
In order to practice in a Canadian province or territory, physicians and surgeons must obtain certification from either the
2782:
2688:
1961:
3174:
2537:
2486:
1412:
814:
489:
180:
111:
34:
2107:
926:
participate in the day-to-day management of patients. They are supervised and taught during this clinical experience by
3169:
3101:
1886:
1821:
1643:
Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology pioneer at University Health Network, Toronto, helped established chairs in oncology.
1107:
with the CFPC or RCPSC and any supplementary examinations required by provincial or territorial regulatory authorities.
687:
509:
860:
2570:
1831:
1665:
1610:
1506:
1440:
646:
616:
603:
89:
67:
2285:
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868:
497:
were initially places which cared for the poor as those with higher socioeconomic status were cared for at home. In
3189:
1603:
1669:
2235:
1816:
1419:
1119:
1100:
1025:
955:
786:(AFMC) publishes a detailed guide to admission requirements of Canadian faculties of medicine on a yearly basis.
2541:
813:, use the MCAT score as a cut-off, where sub-standard scores compromise eligibility. Other schools, such as the
735:
480:(RCPSC), as well as become members of the provincial or territorial medical professional regulatory authority.
2822:
2800:
2735:
2025:
1794:
1701:
1684:
1575:
543:
2259:
847:
Medical school in Canada is generally a four-year program at most universities. Notable exceptions include
2167:
2128:
1558:
915:
779:
84:
2921:
2869:
528:, introduced the idea of preventing the spread of disease via sanitation measures following epidemics of
1799:
852:
806:
577:
442:
170:
1995:
758:
Generally, in order to be admitted into a Canadian medical school, one must have completed at least an
2899:
1546:
1169:
General assessment of the candidate's basic medical knowledge in the principal disciplines of medicine
1705:
1279:
978:
967:
939:
927:
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642:
and medical students in Quebec signed an online petition asking for their pay raises to be canceled.
593:
581:
426:
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175:
50:
42:
3138:
2442:
3065:
3029:
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1803:
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1306:
931:
922:
sessions, and limited clinical experiences. The remainder of medical school is spent in clerkship.
864:
848:
818:
778:
require at least 3 years of university study before application can be made to medical school. The
654:
2957:
2361:
Private Practice, Public Payment: Canadian Medicine and the Politics of Health Insurance 1911-1966
1897:
were displayed, which helped to raise public skepticism for the nationalized healthcare campaign.
1826:
1734:
1482:– First Nations medical doctor, medical advisor, Deputy Provincial Health Advisor (BC), and actor
1324:
1294:
1037:
1009:
963:
951:
829:
762:. However, not all medical schools in Canada require a bachelor's degree for entry. For example,
658:
561:
450:
376:
372:
185:
165:
128:
2512:
1594:
plastic surgeon, pioneer in facial reconstruction, and leader of first Canadian face transplant
2680:
2588:
2366:
1953:
1711:
1522:
1502:
1491:
1474:
1267:
1263:
1005:
974:
935:
923:
919:
856:
833:
749:
695:
611:
607:
565:
555:
513:
356:
269:
207:
202:
195:
123:
79:
73:
568:
won the right for women to be admitted to medical schools and were granted licences from the
2670:
2359:
1943:
1935:
1681:
1674:
1639:
1080:
707:
418:
352:
2612:
2849:
2111:
1890:
1834:
1812:
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1723:
1715:
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1635:
1631:
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1607:
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1562:
1527:
1517:
1495:
1374:
1300:
1033:
1001:
661:
190:
138:
2710:
1820:(1920–1997) – pediatrician and neonatologist particularly known for his work with
2641:
1948:
1846:
1841:
1757:
1718:
1565:
1552:
1537:
1512:
1509:
1312:
899:
771:
676:
2675:
2336:
2080:
1889:
in a campaign against a proposal for nationalized medical care put forth by President
3163:
2390:
1787:
1766:
1739:
1687:
1657:
1617:
1597:
1582:
1259:
672:
533:
520:
458:
225:
60:
2842:
2311:
1808:
1782:
1646:
1470:
1275:
1041:
907:
895:
887:
691:
505:
308:
3030:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Sport and exercise medicine"
2456:
3066:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Family Practice Anesthesia"
1733:
care provider who helped legalize abortion in Canada and strengthen the power of
1555:(1890–1939) – surgeon, inventor, socialist, battlefield doctor in Spain and China
996:
Graduating medical students in Canada must apply to a residency position via the
17:
2786:
2656:
1923:
1773:
1088:
650:
633:
In 2018-2019, the average gross payment per physician reached $ 347,000 a year.
324:
278:
2478:
2104:
1696:
1479:
1318:
1129:
1084:
1076:
1021:
1017:
1013:
959:
943:
903:
883:
525:
402:
1692:
1197:
Assesses the competence of candidates who have obtained their medical degree
1029:
879:
703:
626:
Canada has a ratio of practising physicians to population that is below the
620:
494:
434:
2684:
1957:
855:, where programs run for three years, without interruption for the summer.
740:
2994:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Care of the Elderly"
1770:(1891–1976) – neurosurgeon, discovered electrical stimulation of the brain
3102:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Addiction Medicine"
2922:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Emergency medicine"
2862:"Missions and Goals: About CFPC: The College of Family Physicians Canada"
1730:
1591:
891:
398:
348:
320:
2074:"Exploring the 70/30 Split: How Canada's Health Care System Is Financed"
1939:
1747:(1849–1919) – physician, called the "father of modern medicine"; wrote
1743:
1541:
1330:
1045:
947:
911:
875:
775:
634:
529:
438:
422:
2958:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Palliative care"
1488:(1849–1898) – first woman licensed to practice medicine in Nova Scotia
2289:
1271:
794:
782:
requires applicants to complete a prior degree before admission. The
763:
638:
584:, became the first woman to graduate from a Canadian medical school.
498:
466:
446:
394:
340:
2634:"The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada ( www.afmc.ca )"
993:
Residency training is also known as postgraduate medical education.
2819:"Centre for the Evaluation of Health Professionals Educated Abroad"
2194:"Hundreds of Canadian doctors demand lower salaries. (Yes, lower.)"
1660:(born 1979/1980) – head of the department of emergency medicine at
722:
Medical students at Halifax Medical College in Nova Scotia in 1890.
2818:
2804:
767:
739:
717:
2763:
2457:"Admission Requirements of Canadian Faculties of Medicine (2014)"
962:. Elective rotations are often available for students to explore
871:
offers a formal four-year M.D. program to all admitted students.
2115:
1691:(1926–2011) – cellular biologist credited with the discovery of
627:
2079:. The Canadian Institute for Health Information. Archived from
2861:
1668:, active contributor to WikiProject Medicine, and a volunteer
344:
1549:(1993-Present) - Emergency and family physician, Powerlifter
2891:
2286:"Obstetrician shortage endangers moms, babies: report says"
1139:
The MCC administers three different types of examinations:
637:
had the highest average salary of around $ 230,000, while
295:
Physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor or simply
2657:"Mortgage-sized debt the new normal for medical students"
2045:"Five things Canadians get wrong about the health system"
1924:"Physician advocacy essential for Canada's First Nations"
1136:(LMCC) to those who wish to practise medicine in Canada.
1579:(1913–2005) – inventor of the first artificial pacemaker
1203:
3.5-hour case-based clinical decision making examination
1160:
Medical Council of Canada Evaluating Examination (MCCEE)
2843:
The Process of Becoming a Licensed Medical Doctor in BC
1132:
through examinations. It grants a qualification called
2365:. Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1189:
Canadian medical graduates and those who passed MCCEE
766:'s medical schools accept applicants after a two-year
2892:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine"
2039:
2037:
2035:
1258:
The CFPC establishes the standards for the training,
669:
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
1600:(1938–2008) – pediatrician and child health advocate
817:, give increasing preference to higher performance.
598:Healthcare in Canada is delivered through thirteen
408:
386:
362:
335:
330:
314:
302:
291:
286:
2413:"Private health-care advocate wins CMA presidency"
2358:
2164:"Que. doctors lagging in fee-for-service payments"
1864:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1499:(1881–1982) – physician and birth control activist
1344:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1338:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
478:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1399:Selected Canadian medically relevant publications
2459:. Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada
1225:3-hour Objective-Structured Clinical Examination
1000:(CaRMS). Some of the available programs include
774:require at least 2 years, and most faculties in
1909:Public health and preventive medicine in Canada
1427:Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
1200:4-hour 210-question multiple choice examination
686:The national doctors association is called the
572:. In 1883, Emily Stowe led the creation of the
1798:(born 1934) – founded the first department of
1349:Provincial or territorial regulatory authority
784:Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada
504:The first medical schools were established in
1406:Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
1363:College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario
570:College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario
243:
8:
1357:For example, in the province of Quebec, the
262:
2260:"Ont. doctors get 12.25 per cent wage hike"
2166:. Ctv.ca. December 21, 2006. Archived from
1614:(1923–2004) – pioneer of open-heart surgery
1134:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada
793:(MCAT), and interviews. Medical schools in
441:play an important role in the provision of
1105:objective structured clinical examinations
268:
250:
236:
29:
2711:"Canadian Medical Association | CMA"
2674:
2158:
2156:
1947:
1911:(5th ed.). Toronto: Elsevier Canada.
797:(Francophones and Anglophone alike), the
463:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
2758:
2756:
2736:"Program Descriptions – First Iteration"
2483:Association of American Medical Colleges
1141:
610:. It is guided by the provisions of the
2777:
2775:
2773:
2479:"Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)"
2266:from the original on September 30, 2008
1874:
1625:(born 1949) war surgeon, chief surgeon
1393:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1387:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1381:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1373:In Canada, physicians are paid through
539:The Principles and Practice of Medicine
41:
3109:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3073:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3037:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3001:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2965:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2929:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2896:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2866:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2655:Sullivan, Patrick (2 September 2003).
2593:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2586:
2296:from the original on December 6, 2008.
1859:College of Family Physicians of Canada
1254:College of Family Physicians of Canada
1248:College of Family Physicians of Canada
474:College of Family Physicians of Canada
261:
3145:from the original on January 23, 2024
2872:from the original on 11 February 2015
2419:from the original on January 24, 2024
2223:Terence Corcoran (November 9, 2004).
1654:(1932–1996) – physician and scientist
7:
3139:"Physician Payment Models in Canada"
3118:from the original on 22 January 2019
3082:from the original on 22 January 2019
3010:from the original on 22 January 2019
2938:from the original on 22 January 2019
2902:from the original on 22 January 2019
2662:Canadian Medical Association Journal
2335:. Cma.ca. 2010-03-24. Archived from
1928:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1448:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1333:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-ESS)
1321:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-FPA)
1315:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-SEM)
1309:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-COE)
2204:from the original on March 22, 2019
2022:"Overview of the Canada Health Act"
2002:from the original on March 22, 2019
1749:Principles and Practice of Medicine
1327:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-AM)
1303:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-PC)
1297:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-EM)
998:Canadian Residency Matching Service
828:. They offer a three- to five-year
803:Northern Ontario School of Medicine
3046:from the original on 30 April 2018
2974:from the original on 29 March 2018
2389:. Physiotherapy.ca. Archived from
1454:Canadian Medical Education Journal
1434:Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine
746:McIntyre Medical Sciences Building
25:
2691:from the original on 10 June 2011
2141:from the original on 12 July 2024
983:Master of Business Administration
649:agreed to become a province-wide
574:Ontario Medical College for Women
508:in the 1820s. These included the
2801:"Qualifying Examination Part II"
2489:from the original on 1 July 2014
2225:"ONTARIO DOCTORS SOLD OUT AGAIN"
1996:"Public vs. private health care"
1220:Candidates who passed QE Part I
694:. Since the passage of the 1984
671:reported a critical shortage of
219:
49:
2825:from the original on 2008-12-30
2742:from the original on 2019-04-28
2717:from the original on 2016-03-06
2055:from the original on 2015-07-11
1964:from the original on 2011-06-10
1781:(born 1956) Canadian pediatric
1662:East Kootenay Regional Hospital
2308:"Canadian Medical Association"
1998:. CBC News. December 1, 2006.
1359:Collège des médecins du Québec
1214:Qualifying Examination Part II
824:There are currently seventeen
801:(a bilingual school), and the
791:Medical College Admission Test
455:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1:
3185:History of medicine in Canada
3137:B, Tracy (October 25, 2023).
1670:Knowledge (XXG) administrator
1413:Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1183:Qualifying Examination Part I
1083:, general internal medicine,
815:University of Western Ontario
519:today. In the mid-1870s, Sir
490:History of medicine in Canada
2509:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2129:"Physicians in Canada, 2019"
1907:Shah, Chandrakant P (2003).
1887:American Medical Association
1822:sudden infant death syndrome
1060:physician in that province.
934:. Typical rotations include
688:Canadian Medical Association
510:Montreal Medical Institution
3180:Medical education in Canada
2192:Wang, Amy (March 7, 2018).
1666:Cranbrook, British Columbia
1441:Canadian Journal of Surgery
1313:Sport and exercise medicine
647:Ontario Medical Association
617:doctor-patient relationship
604:publicly funded health care
550:Women in medicine in Canada
3206:
2538:Queen's School of Medicine
2105:Health resources - Doctors
1881:In 1949, Fildes' painting
1384:
1341:
1251:
1117:
733:
600:provincial and territorial
591:
588:Canadian healthcare system
553:
487:
2439:"ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS"
1983:Canadian Women: A History
1704:(1882–1959) – pioneering
1420:Canadian Family Physician
1120:Medical Council of Canada
1114:Medical Council of Canada
1101:Medical Council of Canada
1026:obstetrics and gynecology
966:of interest for upcoming
956:obstetrics and gynecology
826:medical schools in Canada
267:
2764:"Evaluating Examination"
2357:Naylor, C David (1986).
2310:. Cma.ca. Archived from
1331:Enhanced surgical skills
1286:Enhanced skills programs
869:Université de Sherbrooke
736:Medical school in Canada
536:wrote the landmark text
2783:"2013 Examination Fees"
2609:"The Selection Process"
1702:Frances Gertrude McGill
918:, laboratory sessions,
147:Diagnostic Services Act
2445:on September 24, 2023.
1559:Wilfred Gordon Bigelow
916:problem-based learning
861:Université de Montréal
780:University of Manitoba
755:
723:
714:Education and training
667:In December 2008, the
576:, affiliated with the
145:Hospital Insurance and
134:Comparison with the US
2534:"Method of selection"
1800:clinical epidemiology
853:University of Calgary
807:University of Toronto
748:, central hub of the
743:
721:
578:University of Toronto
3175:Healthcare in Canada
2292:. December 5, 2008.
1706:forensic pathologist
1240:medicine in Canada.
979:Doctor of Philosophy
799:University of Ottawa
760:undergraduate degree
606:, informally called
594:Healthcare in Canada
582:Augusta Stowe-Gullen
427:Specialist physician
415:General practitioner
96:Controlled Drugs and
90:Non-Insured Benefits
43:Healthcare in Canada
3170:Canadian physicians
2807:on August 17, 2008.
2789:on August 28, 2009.
1940:10.1503/cmaj.081290
1922:Warren, P. (2008).
1804:McMaster University
1540:, co-discoverer of
1486:Maria Louisa Angwin
1465:Canadian physicians
1307:Care of the elderly
1194:Computer-based test
930:and fully licensed
849:McMaster University
838:Faculty of Medicine
819:McMaster University
753:Faculty of Medicine
517:Faculty of Medicine
264:
112:History of medicine
2848:2008-09-14 at the
2198:washingtonpost.com
2110:2019-03-22 at the
2086:on 30 January 2019
2049:The Globe and Mail
2028:on April 14, 2009.
1827:Albert Ross Tilley
1735:jury nullification
1325:Addiction medicine
1295:Emergency medicine
1264:lifelong education
1126:Canada Medical Act
1038:orthopedic surgery
1010:emergency medicine
968:residency training
952:emergency medicine
830:Doctor of Medicine
811:Queen's University
756:
724:
655:Ontario government
562:Emily Howard Stowe
465:(M.B., B.S.) from
451:Doctor of Medicine
364:Education required
129:Father of medicare
68:Minister of Health
27:Canadian physician
3190:Canadian surgeons
2393:on March 10, 2011
1981:Alison Prentice,
1838:– plastic surgeon
1837:
1797:
1780:
1769:
1746:
1728:
1712:Henry Morgentaler
1708:and criminologist
1690:
1653:
1642:
1624:
1613:
1589:
1578:
1535:
1503:Frederick Banting
1498:
1492:Elizabeth Bagshaw
1475:McGill University
1459:Médecin du Québec
1268:family physicians
1237:
1236:
1151:Assessment areas
1006:internal medicine
975:Master of Science
936:internal medicine
920:simulated patient
857:McGill University
834:McGill University
750:McGill University
696:Canada Health Act
612:Canada Health Act
566:Jennie Kidd Trout
556:Women in medicine
514:McGill University
432:
431:
357:critical thinking
353:analytical skills
260:
259:
226:Canada portal
74:Canada Health Act
18:Canadian surgeons
16:(Redirected from
3197:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3106:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3009:
2998:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2858:
2852:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2803:. Archived from
2797:
2791:
2790:
2785:. Archived from
2779:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2678:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2640:. Archived from
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2611:. Archived from
2605:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2569:. Archived from
2568:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2540:. Archived from
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2511:. Archived from
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2441:. Archived from
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2387:"HEAL home page"
2383:
2377:
2376:
2364:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2234:. Archived from
2229:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2173:on June 10, 2009
2172:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2119:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2041:
2030:
2029:
2024:. Archived from
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1885:was used by the
1879:
1830:
1819:
1790:
1776:
1756:
1742:
1714:
1677:
1675:Ernest McCulloch
1649:
1634:
1620:
1606:
1585:
1561:
1547:Khashayar Farzam
1505:
1494:
1369:Physician salary
1142:
1081:gastroenterology
932:staff physicians
865:Université Laval
708:British Columbia
457:(D.O.) from the
419:Family physician
316:Activity sectors
272:
265:
252:
245:
238:
224:
223:
222:
139:Indian hospitals
53:
30:
21:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2850:Wayback Machine
2841:
2837:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2564:"Archived copy"
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:on 14 July 2014
2532:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2112:Wayback Machine
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:Harry S. Truman
1880:
1876:
1872:
1855:
1811:
1754:Wilder Penfield
1632:Patrick Gullane
1467:
1401:
1389:
1383:
1375:fee-for-service
1371:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1301:Palliative care
1288:
1274:. It accredits
1256:
1250:
1215:
1184:
1124:Founded by the
1122:
1116:
1097:
1066:
1034:general surgery
1002:family medicine
991:
940:family medicine
924:Clinical clerks
738:
732:
716:
662:Dalton McGuinty
596:
590:
558:
552:
532:. In 1892, Dr.
512:, which is the
492:
486:
425:
421:
417:
411:
391:
389:
365:
347:and science of
317:
305:
304:Occupation type
282:
256:
220:
218:
213:
212:
161:
153:
152:
146:
114:
104:
103:
97:
85:Health Transfer
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3203:
3201:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3129:
3093:
3057:
3021:
2985:
2949:
2913:
2883:
2853:
2835:
2810:
2792:
2769:
2752:
2727:
2702:
2669:(5): 457–458.
2647:
2644:on 2005-03-11.
2625:
2600:
2555:
2525:
2500:
2470:
2448:
2430:
2404:
2378:
2371:
2349:
2324:
2299:
2277:
2251:
2215:
2184:
2152:
2120:
2097:
2065:
2031:
2013:
1987:
1974:
1914:
1899:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:Melanie Morris
1844:
1842:Irene Cybulsky
1839:
1824:
1806:
1785:
1771:
1751:
1737:
1729:(1923–2013) –
1709:
1699:
1672:
1655:
1644:
1629:
1615:
1604:John Callaghan
1601:
1595:
1580:
1556:
1553:Norman Bethune
1550:
1544:
1538:Nobel laureate
1536:(1891–1941) –
1500:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1385:Main article:
1382:
1379:
1370:
1367:
1350:
1347:
1342:Main article:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1287:
1284:
1252:Main article:
1249:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1118:Main article:
1115:
1112:
1096:
1093:
1065:
1062:
990:
987:
900:medical ethics
772:Western Canada
734:Main article:
731:
730:Medical school
728:
715:
712:
592:Main article:
589:
586:
554:Main article:
551:
548:
488:Main article:
485:
482:
476:(CFPC) or the
430:
429:
412:
409:
406:
405:
392:
387:
384:
383:
366:
363:
360:
359:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
318:
315:
312:
311:
306:
303:
300:
299:
293:
289:
288:
284:
283:
273:
258:
257:
255:
254:
247:
240:
232:
229:
228:
215:
214:
211:
210:
205:
200:
199:
198:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
115:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
98:Substances Act
92:
87:
82:
77:
70:
64:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3202:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3114:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2615:on 2012-03-08
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2576:on 2010-06-02
2572:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2515:on 2016-03-15
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2372:9780773561113
2368:
2363:
2362:
2353:
2350:
2339:on 2006-05-02
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2314:on 2009-07-08
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2270:September 15,
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2241:on 2006-05-31
2237:
2233:
2232:National Post
2226:
2219:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2082:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:in Canada at
1801:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:David Sackett
1786:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1740:William Osler
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:James Heilman
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1618:Chris Giannou
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:Basil Boulton
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1583:Daniel Borsuk
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
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1783:neurosurgeon
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1569:
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1471:Maude Abbott
1458:
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896:microbiology
888:pharmacology
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410:Related jobs
336:Competencies
309:Professional
296:
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3149:January 23,
2876:22 February
2638:www.afmc.ca
2423:January 24,
2333:"About CMA"
1774:James Rutka
1590:(1978– ) –
1244:territory.
1185:(QE Part I)
1148:Candidates
1089:respirology
964:specialties
651:closed shop
621:dental care
602:systems of
443:health care
331:Description
325:health care
279:Luke Fildes
171:Drug policy
3164:Categories
3122:21 January
3086:21 January
3050:21 January
3014:21 January
2978:21 January
2942:21 January
2906:21 January
2829:2019-04-14
2746:2019-04-13
2721:2019-04-14
2619:2019-04-14
2580:2019-04-14
2519:2019-04-14
2343:2011-02-10
2318:2011-02-10
2245:2011-02-10
2059:2019-03-22
1968:2011-02-10
1934:(7): 728.
1895:The Doctor
1883:The Doctor
1870:References
1697:James Till
1480:Evan Adams
1319:Anesthesia
1130:physicians
1085:nephrology
1077:cardiology
1064:Fellowship
1022:psychiatry
1018:pediatrics
1014:anesthesia
960:pediatrics
944:psychiatry
904:health law
884:physiology
526:Royal Navy
435:Physicians
403:government
390:employment
287:Occupation
275:The Doctor
176:Euthanasia
119:Physicians
2738:. CaRMS.
2208:March 22,
2006:March 22,
1693:stem cell
1280:residents
1095:Licensure
1030:radiology
989:Residency
977:(MSc) or
928:residents
880:histology
704:Brian Day
630:average.
495:Hospitals
399:hospitals
388:Fields of
263:Physician
3143:Archived
3113:Archived
3111:. 2015.
3077:Archived
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2136:Archived
2108:Archived
2090:11 April
2053:Archived
2000:Archived
1962:Archived
1958:18809906
1853:See also
1731:abortion
1592:Montreal
912:lectures
892:genetics
851:and the
608:Medicare
439:surgeons
349:medicine
321:Medicine
281:(detail)
186:HIV/AIDS
181:Refugees
166:Abortion
80:Medicare
35:a series
33:Part of
2145:12 July
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1949:2535741
1542:insulin
1046:urology
948:surgery
876:anatomy
776:Ontario
659:premier
635:Alberta
530:cholera
484:History
423:Surgeon
395:Clinics
208:Obesity
203:Smoking
196:Suicide
124:Nursing
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2493:4 July
2463:6 July
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1154:Costs
1087:, and
1044:, and
958:, and
906:, and
795:Quebec
764:Quebec
639:Quebec
499:Quebec
467:Europe
447:Canada
341:ethics
297:doctor
191:Murder
160:Topics
3116:(PDF)
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292:Names
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3124:2019
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2908:2019
2878:2015
2697:2014
2681:PMID
2595:link
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2179:2011
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2008:2019
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1936:doi
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