1109:(FDA) advisory committee expressed concern regarding the cardiovascular safety of canagliflozin. A greater number of cardiovascular events was observed during the first 30 days in study subjects who received canagliflozin (0.45%) compared those who received placebo (0.07%), suggesting an early period of increased cardiovascular risk. In addition, there was an increased risk of stroke in subjects who received canagliflozin. However, none of these effects were statistically significant. Additional cardiovascular safety data from another ongoing study are expected in 2015.
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2010:
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In May 2016, the FDA announced they were going to investigate a safety issue related to clinical trials that found an increase in leg and foot amputations, mostly affecting the toes, in people treated with the diabetes medicine canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet). In May 2017, the FDA concluded that
945:
to be used with diet and exercise to lower blood sugar in adults with type 2 diabetes; to reduce the risk of major heart-related events such as heart attack, stroke, or death in people with type 2 diabetes who have known heart disease; and to reduce the risk of end-stage kidney disease, worsening of
1125:
section to reflect new information from a placebo study. They advised that health care professionals should consider fracture risk factors before prescribing canagliflozin, and patients should disclose any bone fracture risk factors to their doctors, but that patients should not stop taking the
1148:
To lessen the risk of developing ketoacidosis (a serious condition in which the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones) after surgery, the FDA approved changes to the prescribing information for SGLT2 inhibitor diabetes medicines to recommend they be stopped temporarily before
1029:
SGLT2 inhibitors, including canagliflozin, reduce the likelihood of hospitalization for congestive heart failure or progression of renal disease in persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 and reduce the likelihood of stroke and heart attack in persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 who have known
1314:(EMA) approved a paediatric investigation plan and granted both a deferral and a waiver for canagliflozin (EMEA-001030-PIP01-10) in accordance with EC Regulation No.1901/2006 of the European Parliament and of the council. It was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2013.
1112:
On 15 May 2015, the FDA issued a warning that certain SGLT2 diabetes drugs, including canagliflozin, may lead to ketoacidosis, a condition where the body produces higher levels of ketone bodies. The FDA is continuing to investigate the issue, and cautions that patients should not stop taking
1101:
Possible cardiovascular problems are an ongoing issue with gliflozin drugs. The pre-specified endpoint for cardiovascular safety in the canagliflozin clinical development program was "Major
Cardiovascular Events Plus", defined as the occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial
1900:
Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Bonaca MP, et al. (January 2019). "SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials".
1689:
patients with clinical CVD not meeting individualized glycemic targets while treated with metformin (or in whom metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated) should have an SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist with proven benefit for cardiovascular risk reduction
1136:
A 29 June 2016, report on the ongoing cardiovascular outcomes trial for canagliflozin (CANVAS) revealed interim findings of new safety concerns including heightened risk of bone fracture that was found to increase with the duration of treatment.
1129:
On 4 December 2015, the FDA issued another safety communication for SGLT2 inhibitors, indicating that it would require new warnings to be added to the canagliflozin label about elevated blood acid levels and urinary tract infections.
1286:
to a lesser extent. The terminal half life is 10.6 hours for a 100 mg dose and 13.1 hours for a 300 mg dose, with 43% being excreted in the faeces (mostly in unchanged form) and 33% in the urine (mostly as glucuronide).
2295:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: Interim clinical trial results find increased risk of leg and foot amputations, mostly affecting the toes, with the diabetes medicine canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet); FDA to investigate"
1175:, leading to artifactual decreases in serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol. Therefore, canagliflozin can interfere with the use of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (assay trade name, GlycoMark) as a measure of postprandial glucose levels.
775:
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1116:
On 10 September 2015, the FDA issued a drug safety communication for canagliflozin to address risks for bone fracture and decreased bone density. A label warning for fractures was already included in the
3978:
1149:
scheduled surgery. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin should each be stopped at least three days before, and ertugliflozin should be stopped at least four days before scheduled surgery.
2144:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA revises label of diabetes drug canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet) to include updates on bone fracture risk and new information on decreased bone mineral density"
2707:"First Results from Phase 3 CANVAS Trial Show Canagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Insulin Lowered Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at an Elevated Risk for Cardiovascular Disease"
1133:
In June 2016, the FDA strengthened the warning about the risk of acute kidney injury for the type 2 diabetes medicines canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet) and dapagliflozin (Farxiga, Xigduo XR).
1102:
infarctions, non-fatal strokes, or unstable angina leading to hospitalization. This endpoint occurred in more people in the placebo group (20.5%) than in the canagliflozin treated group (18.9%).
307:
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1999:
1651:"Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)"
262:
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InChI=1S/C24H25FO5S/c1-13-2-3-15(24-23(29)22(28)21(27)19(12-26)30-24)10-16(13)11-18-8-9-20(31-18)14-4-6-17(25)7-5-14/h2-10,19,21-24,26-29H,11-12H2,1H3/t19-,21-,22+,23-,24+/m1/s1
2798:
1179:
3971:
2549:"Differentiating the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 1 Inhibition Capacity of Canagliflozin vs. Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin Using Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Modeling"
843:
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2762:
2361:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA confirms increased risk of leg and foot amputations with the diabetes medicine canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet, Invokamet XR)"
2791:
3964:
2736:
2228:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA strengthens kidney warnings for diabetes medicines canagliflozin (Invokana, Invokamet) and dapagliflozin (Farxiga, Xigduo XR)"
966:
148:
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1015:. It is unclear whether or not it has any unique cardiovascular benefits beyond lowering blood sugar. Although canagliflozin produces beneficial effects on
2775:
U.S. health regulators have approved a new diabetes drug from
Johnson & Johnson, making it the first in its class to be approved in the United States.
3381:
946:
kidney function, heart-related death, and being hospitalized for heart failure in certain people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease.
949:
Canagliflozin is an anti-diabetic medication used to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. It is a third-line medication to
2783:
2612:"Insights Into the Results of Sotagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Trials: Is Dual Inhibition the Cherry on the Cake of Cardiorenal Protection?"
2184:"SGLT2 Inhibitors: Drug Safety Communication - Labels to Include Warnings About Too Much Acid in the Blood and Serious Urinary Tract Infections"
1227:
inhibition). Blocking this transporter causes up to 119 grams of blood glucose per day to be eliminated through the urine, corresponding to 476
2596:
2484:
1944:
1886:
1702:
3918:
3008:
2100:"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes may result in a serious condition of too much acid in the blood"
1026:
Evidence shows that apart from positive effects on glycemic levels, canagliflozin also reduces the risk of heart attacks and heart failures.
930:
2706:
1145:
to be added to the canagliflozin drug labels to describe this risk. In August 2020, the FDA removed the requirement for the boxed warning.
2195:
2035:
3775:
4267:
1633:
819:
101:
2028:"SGLT2 inhibitors: Drug Safety Communication - FDA Warns Medicines May Result in a Serious Condition of Too Much Acid in the Blood"
3478:
1530:
2099:
1809:
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2958:
929:
Canagliflozin was approved for medical use in the United States, in the
European Union, and in Australia in 2013. It is on the
440:
292:
180:
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of 65%, independently of food intake. When in the bloodstream, 99% of the substance are bound to plasma proteins, mainly
199:
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2409:
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2300:
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2189:
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2003:
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662:
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3987:
3573:
3439:
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2268:
1220:
954:
2500:"Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on measurement of serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol"
1767:
1074:
As with other SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin is associated with increased incidence of urinary tract infections,
4277:
3880:
3780:
3770:
1554:
1495:
1457:
1311:
2758:
2000:"FDA warns about rare occurrences of a serious infection of the genital area with SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes"
3885:
3855:
3800:
3760:
3224:
3060:
1839:"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
1296:
3865:
3845:
3790:
531:
3840:
3835:
2335:"Press Release: FDA Confirms Increased Risk of Leg and Foot Amputations With Diabetes Medicine Canagliflozin"
1522:
1171:
Because it increases renal excretion of glucose, treatment with canagliflozin prevents renal reabsorption of
3923:
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Symptoms of ketoacidosis include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tiredness, and trouble breathing.
903:
678:
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4257:
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1649:
Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, et al. (December 2018).
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477:
243:
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4165:
3522:
2936:
2710:
2673:
Klement A (20 January 2014). "Tubuläre
Senkung des Blutzuckers bei Diabetes mellitus: Invokana".
2529:
1926:
1868:
907:
210:
2445:"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and stage 3 nephropathy"
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2578:
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1918:
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canagliflozin causes an increased risk of leg and foot amputations. The FDA began requiring a
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118:
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1837:
Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ, Memon MM, Khan MS, Rawasia WF, Talha Ayub M, et al. (March 2018).
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Sokolov V, Yakovleva T, Chu L, Tang W, Greasley PJ, Johansson S, et al. (April 2020).
1988:(in German) (2013/14, supplement 01/14 ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag.
1011:
levels, while canagliflozin maybe better than sitagliptin and glimiperide in decreasing HbA
591:
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1318:
1271:
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levels of 7.8% to 8.1%. When added to metformin, canagliflozin does not appear worse than
923:
891:
872:
868:
402:
394:
374:
255:
1718:"Canagliflozin lowers blood sugar, but does it also lower cardiovascular risk? Maybe not"
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30:
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2573:
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2443:
Yamout H, Perkovic V, Davies M, Woo V, de Zeeuw D, Mayer C, et al. (August 2014).
2087:
Safety discussions by the panel circled back repeatedly to the cardiovascular risk data
1744:
1717:
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1914:
987:, in combination with metformin and a sulfonylurea, in combination with metformin and
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2014:
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1242:(too low blood glucose) compared to other types of anti-diabetic drugs such as
3714:
3601:
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3492:
3487:
3328:
3313:
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899:
751:
562:
250:
22:
2071:
1970:
Canagliflozin. Lexi-Drugs. Lexicomp Online . Hudson, OH: Lexicomp, Inc.
1957:
Canagliflozin. Lexi-Drugs. Lexicomp Online . Hudson, OH: Lexicomp, Inc.
1855:
1838:
1559:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)
1317:
Canagliflozin was approved by the FDA on 29 March 2013, and became the first
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4019:
4014:
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422:
152:
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1922:
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1324:
Canagliflozin was approved for medical use in
Australia in September 2013.
3624:
3619:
3077:
2610:
Koufakis T, Mustafa OG, Tsimihodimos V, Ajjan RA, Kotsa K (August 2021).
1814:
1165:
542:
194:
2404:"FDA revises labels of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes to include warning"
1567:
1523:"Australian Public Assessment Report for Canagliflozin (as hemihydrate)"
551:
2841:
2819:
2564:
1666:
1267:
992:
871:. It is used together with exercise and diet. It is not recommended in
497:
2759:"U.S. FDA approves Johnson & Johnson diabetes drug, canagliflozin"
2461:
2444:
1586:"FDA removes Boxed Warning for type 2 diabetes medicine canagliflozin"
3193:
1458:"Drug Approval Package: Invokana (canagliflozin) Tablets NDA #204042"
1279:
1275:
1082:, elevations in LDL cholesterol, increased urination and episodes of
1079:
642:
468:)-2-{3--4-methyl-phenyl}-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3,4,5-triol
983:
levels by 0.77% to 1.16% when given by itself, in combination with
611:
3197:
1224:
1216:
926:. It works by increasing the amount of glucose lost in the urine.
774:
765:
622:
399:
2429:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2386:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2320:
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2253:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2213:
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2169:
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2129:
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2053:
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2013:
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1792:
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1611:
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973:
a reasonable second line medication in those with heart disease.
1178:
Dosing adjustment is also required for concomitant therapy with
602:
350:
325:
3960:
3048:
2839:
2787:
338:
189:
1056:(estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m),
667:
2398:
2396:
2269:"New Report Warns of Increasing SGLT2 & Invokana Risks"
1094:. There are concerns that it may also increase the risk of
914:
may occur despite nearly normal blood sugar levels. Use in
301:
221:
84:
63:
1262:
concentrations after one to two hours and has an absolute
2072:"FDA Advisory Panel Supports Diabetes Drug Canagliflozin"
1971:
1958:
90:
72:
66:
57:
1628:(76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 687.
314:
931:
850:
1517:
1515:
4225:
1351:
1349:
1113:
canagliflozin without first talking to their doctor.
102:
93:
87:
78:
60:
54:
51:
4185:
4176:
4040:
3999:
1974:. Updated 31 March 2017. Accessed 5 April 2017.
1961:. Updated 8 April 2017. Accessed 13 April 2017.
81:
69:
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1121:section; however, the FDA made the addition to the
785:
763:
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717:
712:
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235:
209:
179:
165:
147:
127:
117:
75:
42:
37:
1126:medication without first talking to their doctor.
1086:. Rarely, use of canagliflozin is associated with
1716:Heston TF, Olson AH, Randall NR (December 2017).
1238:This mechanism is associated with a low risk of
1215:of subtype 2 sodium-glucose transport proteins (
924:sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor
807:Cc1ccc(cc1Cc2ccc(s2)c3ccc(cc3)F)4((((O4)CO)O)O)O
510:
2735:. EMA European Medicines Agency. Archived from
2553:CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
1485:
1483:
1435:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
1357:"Canagliflozin (Invokana) Use During Pregnancy"
485:
1580:
1578:
1452:
1450:
967:European Association for the Study of Diabetes
3972:
2799:
1810:"Invokana- canagliflozin tablet, film coated"
1235:, resulting in a lowering of blood pressure.
8:
1219:), which is responsible for at least 90% of
867:among others, is a medication used to treat
198:
21:
2498:Balis DA, Tong C, Meininger G (July 2014).
1429:"Canagliflozin Monograph for Professionals"
1423:
1023:to produce no change in total cholesterol.
358:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
3979:
3965:
3957:
3743:
3569:
3435:
3241:
3229:
3065:
3056:
3045:
2853:
2836:
2806:
2792:
2784:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
704:
681:
570:
2635:
2572:
2515:
2460:
1854:
1843:European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
1743:
1733:
1674:
1566:
590:
4273:Drugs developed by Johnson & Johnson
1626:British national formulary : BNF 76
4232:
1345:
922:is not recommended. Canagliflozin is a
824:
804:
677:
550:
445:
171:
2765:from the original on 24 September 2015
2588:
2476:
2065:
2063:
1936:
1878:
1694:
695:
20:
2691:
1804:
1802:
1561:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1019:, it has also been shown to increase
969:consider either a SGLT2 inhibitor or
650:
630:
157:
7:
4190:Tooltip Sodium-glucose transporter 2
4181:Tooltip Sodium-glucose transporter 1
4045:Tooltip Sodium-glucose transporter 2
4004:Tooltip Sodium-glucose transporter 1
2826:, and other drugs used in diabetes (
1231:. Additional water is eliminated by
1038:Canaglifozin is contraindicated in:
274:
123:Invokana, Sulisent, Prominad, others
3796:Glibenclamide (glyburide)/metformin
3776:Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin/metformin
890:. Serious side effects may include
610:
501:
2595:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
2483:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
2034:(FDA). 15 May 2015. Archived from
1943:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
1885:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
1701:: CS1 maint: overridden setting (
1160:The drug may increase the risk of
1030:atherosclerotic vascular disease.
14:
2194:. 4 December 2015. Archived from
1299:and is marketed under license by
957:it is also less preferred than a
4235:
2675:Österreichische Apothekerzeitung
2424:
2381:
2315:
2248:
2208:
2164:
2124:
2048:
2008:
1787:
1722:Annals of Translational Medicine
1606:
1531:Therapeutic Goods Administration
1270:. It is metabolized mainly by O-
1258:, canagliflozin reaches highest
735:
729:
47:
29:
832:Key:XTNGUQKDFGDXSJ-ZXGKGEBGSA-N
2449:American Journal of Nephrology
1223:(the remaining 10% is done by
744:
738:
723:
139:-(3-{methyl]}-4-methylphenyl)-
1:
4216:Receptor/signaling modulators
2110:. 15 May 2015. Archived from
1915:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32590-X
1105:Nonetheless, a United States
1090:of the perineum, also called
963:American Diabetes Association
3612:Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
2410:Food and Drug Administration
2367:Food and Drug Administration
2301:Food and Drug Administration
2234:Food and Drug Administration
2190:Food and Drug Administration
2150:Food and Drug Administration
2106:Food and Drug Administration
2070:Tucker M (10 January 2013).
2032:Food and Drug Administration
2004:Food and Drug Administration
1775:Food and Drug Administration
1592:Food and Drug Administration
1464:Food and Drug Administration
1180:UDP-glucuronosyl transferase
1107:Food and Drug Administration
886:, nausea, constipation, and
882:Common side effects include
863:, sold under the brand name
4163:Antisense oligonucleotides:
3574:Aldose reductase inhibitors
4294:
3988:Sodium-glucose transporter
3440:GLP1 poly-agonist peptides
2761:. Reuters. 29 March 2013.
2677:(in German) (2/2014): 20f.
2628:10.1007/s40265-021-01559-1
1571:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
1221:renal glucose reabsorption
955:British National Formulary
713:Chemical and physical data
4209:
3886:Sitagliptin/ertugliflozin
3881:Sitagliptin/dapagliflozin
3801:Glimepiride/rosiglitazone
3781:Empagliflozin/linagliptin
3771:Dapagliflozin/saxagliptin
3746:
3299:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
3055:
3044:
2852:
2835:
1555:World Health Organization
1496:European Medicines Agency
1386:European Medicines Agency
1312:European Medicines Agency
1246:derivatives and insulin.
991:, or in combination with
840:
815:
795:
436:
427:53% faecal and 33% kidney
131:JNJ-28431754; TA-7284; (1
28:
4268:4-Fluorophenyl compounds
3866:Pioglitazone/sitagliptin
3856:Pioglitazone/glimepiride
3846:Phenformin/sulfonylureas
3791:Gemigliptin/rosuvastatin
3761:Cagrilintide/semaglutide
2076:Medscape Family Medicine
1856:10.1177/2047487318755531
1297:Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma
1123:Warnings and Precautions
976:Canagliflozin decreases
888:urinary tract infections
884:vaginal yeast infections
791:98 °C (208 °F)
3896:Sitagliptin/simvastatin
3871:Rosiglitazone/metformin
3851:Pioglitazone/alogliptin
3841:Metformin/teneligliptin
3836:Metformin/sulfonylureas
3816:Metformin/ertugliflozin
3786:Empagliflozin/metformin
3766:Dapagliflozin/metformin
3756:Canagliflozin/metformin
3382:GLP-1 receptor agonists
2660:"Integrity - Clarivate"
2517:10.1111/1753-0407.12116
1735:10.21037/atm.2017.09.28
1334:Canagliflozin/metformin
1182:(UGT) inducers such as
1058:end-stage renal disease
3901:Vildagliptin/metformin
3861:Pioglitazone/metformin
2733:"EMEA-001030-PIP01-10"
2006:(FDA). 29 August 2018.
1972:http://online.lexi.com
1959:http://online.lexi.com
1321:in the United States.
971:GLP-1 receptor agonist
961:as of 2019, while the
3891:Sitagliptin/metformin
3876:Saxagliptin/metformin
3831:Metformin/repaglinide
3826:Metformin/gemigliptin
3806:Linagliptin/metformin
1305:Johnson & Johnson
1096:diabetic ketoacidosis
1088:necrotizing fasciitis
1078:of the genital area,
1048:Diabetic ketoacidosis
912:Diabetic ketoacidosis
3821:Metformin/evogliptin
3751:Alogliptin/metformin
1984:Haberfeld, H (ed.).
1777:(FDA). 29 March 2013
1310:On 4 July 2011, the
1295:It was developed by
1211:Canagliflozin is an
1164:in combination with
904:high blood potassium
3061:Insulin sensitizers
2816:diabetes medication
2739:on 20 December 2013
2504:Journal of Diabetes
2154:. 10 September 2015
1207:Mechanism of action
1173:1,5-anhydroglucitol
902:, kidney problems,
896:Fournier's gangrene
334:(Prescription only)
310:(Prescription only)
25:
3940:Never to phase III
3811:Metformin/acarbose
3161:Dual PPAR agonists
3030:Never to phase III
2937:Ultralente insulin
2565:10.1002/psp4.12498
2038:on 27 October 2016
1667:10.2337/dci18-0033
1500:. 29 November 2013
1468:. 24 December 1999
1388:. 15 November 2013
1084:low blood pressure
995:, from initial HbA
908:low blood pressure
417:11.8 (10–13) hours
4223:
4222:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3733:
3732:
3561:
3560:
3473:
3472:
3376:
3375:
3219:
3218:
3040:
3039:
3003:
3002:
2947:ultra-long-acting
2871:Insulin glulisine
2622:(12): 1365–1371.
2462:10.1159/000364909
1661:(12): 2669–2701.
1119:Adverse Reactions
1092:Fournier gangrene
1076:fungal infections
1034:Contraindications
941:Canagliflozin is
858:
857:
776:Interactive image
663:CompTox Dashboard
354:
342:
329:
317:
305:
225:
192:
142:
16:Chemical compound
4285:
4278:SGLT2 inhibitors
4240:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4178:
4046:
4042:
4005:
4001:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3958:
3744:
3640:SGLT2 inhibitors
3570:
3479:DPP-4 inhibitors
3460:(GLP-1/GIP/GCGR)
3436:
3242:
3230:
3066:
3057:
3046:
2955:Insulin degludec
2917:Insulin glargine
2854:
2837:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2713:on 13 March 2013
2709:. Archived from
2703:
2697:
2695:
2690:: Canagliflozin
2685:
2679:
2678:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2594:
2586:
2576:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2519:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2464:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2400:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2198:on 16 March 2016
2180:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1934:
1909:(10166): 31–39.
1897:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1858:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1818:. 21 August 2020
1806:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1768:"Summary Review"
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1692:
1678:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1596:. 26 August 2020
1582:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1527:
1519:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1425:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1353:
1303:, a division of
1274:via the enzymes
1250:Pharmacokinetics
1233:osmotic diuresis
1054:renal impairment
854:
853:
846:
778:
758:
746:
740:
737:
731:
725:
708:
697:
686:
685:
671:
669:
654:
634:
614:
594:
574:
554:
534:
514:
504:
503:
489:
413:
352:
349:
340:
337:
327:
324:
316:
313:
303:
300:
278:
223:
220:
202:
191:
188:
175:
161:
140:
135:)-1,5-anhydro-1-
109:
105:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
53:
33:
26:
24:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4205:
4189:
4180:
4170:
4044:
4034:
4003:
3993:
3985:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3930:Clinical trials
3905:
3729:
3703:
3634:
3606:
3557:
3469:
3434:
3372:
3343:
3237:
3215:
3188:
3155:
3100:/"glitazones" (
3092:
3051:
3036:
3035:
3020:Clinical trials
2999:
2978:
2959:+insulin aspart
2941:
2912:Insulin detemir
2898:
2894:Regular insulin
2880:
2848:
2846:insulin analogs
2831:
2824:insulin analogs
2812:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2587:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2475:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2414:. 19 March 2020
2402:
2401:
2394:
2382:
2374:
2372:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2275:. Pro Media One
2266:
2265:
2261:
2249:
2241:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2209:
2201:
2199:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2165:
2157:
2155:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2114:on 22 July 2017
2098:
2097:
2093:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2049:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1935:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1877:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1788:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1693:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1607:
1599:
1597:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1535:. 31 March 2014
1525:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1491:"Invokana EPAR"
1489:
1488:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1382:"Invokana EPAR"
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1330:
1319:SGLT2 inhibitor
1293:
1272:glucuronidation
1264:bioavailability
1252:
1209:
1204:
1158:
1072:
1070:Adverse effects
1043:Type 1 diabetes
1036:
1021:LDL cholesterol
1017:HDL cholesterol
1014:
1010:
1007:in reducing HbA
998:
981:
939:
892:low blood sugar
873:type 1 diabetes
869:type 2 diabetes
849:
847:
844:(what is this?)
841:
836:
833:
828:
823:
822:
811:
808:
803:
802:
781:
756:
743:
734:
728:
689:
679:DTXSID601004469
665:
657:
637:
617:
597:
577:
557:
537:
517:
500:
492:
472:
469:
444:
443:
411:
403:glucuronidation
385:Protein binding
375:Bioavailability
367:Pharmacokinetic
361:
282:
256:SGLT2 inhibitor
238:
231:
212:
205:
107:
103:
50:
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4291:
4289:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4194:
4192:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4111:Luseogliflozin
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4081:Enavogliflozin
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4049:
4047:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4008:
4006:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3961:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Luseogliflozin
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3339:Glyclopyramide
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:2nd generation
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Chlorpropamide
3265:
3260:
3254:1st generation
3250:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3063:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3017:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2969:Insulin icodec
2966:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2876:Insulin lispro
2873:
2868:
2866:Insulin aspart
2862:
2860:
2850:
2849:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2750:
2724:
2698:
2680:
2665:
2651:
2602:
2559:(4): 222–229.
2539:
2510:(4): 378–380.
2490:
2435:
2392:
2352:
2326:
2286:
2259:
2238:. 14 June 2016
2219:
2175:
2135:
2091:
2059:
2019:
1991:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1892:
1849:(5): 495–502.
1829:
1798:
1759:
1708:
1641:
1634:
1617:
1574:
1546:
1511:
1479:
1446:
1399:
1373:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1326:
1292:
1289:
1251:
1248:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1157:
1154:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1035:
1032:
1012:
1008:
996:
979:
938:
935:
875:. It is taken
856:
855:
838:
837:
835:
834:
831:
829:
826:
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
810:
809:
806:
798:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
771:
769:
761:
760:
754:
748:
747:
741:
732:
726:
721:
715:
714:
710:
709:
699:
691:
690:
688:
687:
674:
672:
659:
658:
656:
655:
647:
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
627:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
607:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
587:
585:
579:
578:
576:
575:
567:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
547:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
527:
525:
519:
518:
516:
515:
507:
505:
494:
493:
491:
490:
482:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
447:
439:
438:
437:
434:
433:
429:
428:
425:
419:
418:
415:
406:
405:
397:
391:
390:
387:
381:
380:
377:
371:
370:
363:
362:
360:
359:
356:
347:
335:
322:
311:
297:
295:
289:
288:
284:
283:
281:
280:
267:
265:
259:
258:
253:
247:
246:
241:
239:administration
233:
232:
230:
229:
227:
217:
215:
207:
206:
204:
203:
185:
183:
177:
176:
169:
163:
162:
155:
145:
144:
129:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4290:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4243:
4233:
4229:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4201:Sotagliflozin
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4188:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:Velagliflozin
4154:
4152:
4151:Tofogliflozin
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Remogliflozin
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Mizagliflozin
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Licogliflozin
4104:
4102:
4101:Janagliflozin
4099:
4097:
4096:Ipragliflozin
4094:
4092:
4091:Henagliflozin
4089:
4087:
4086:Ertugliflozin
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Empagliflozin
4074:
4072:
4071:Dapagliflozin
4069:
4067:
4066:Canagliflozin
4064:
4062:
4061:Bexagliflozin
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
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4009:
4007:
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3996:
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3989:
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3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Bromocriptine
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3699:Velagliflozin
3697:
3695:
3694:Tofogliflozin
3692:
3690:
3689:Sotagliflozin
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Remogliflozin
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Ipragliflozin
3667:
3665:
3664:Ertugliflozin
3662:
3660:
3659:Empagliflozin
3657:
3655:
3654:Dapagliflozin
3652:
3650:
3649:Canagliflozin
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:/"gliflozins"
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
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3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Teneligliptin
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
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3408:
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3327:
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3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Acetohexamide
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3246:Sulfonylureas
3243:
3240:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Secretagogues
3222:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
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3201:
3199:
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3185:
3182:
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3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Rosiglitazone
3144:
3142:
3141:Rivoglitazone
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Netoglitazone
3129:
3127:
3126:Lobeglitazone
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
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2935:
2933:
2932:Lente insulin
2930:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:+lixisenatide
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
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2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:public domain
2413:
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2389:
2388:public domain
2371:. 16 May 2017
2370:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2341:. 16 May 2017
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:public domain
2305:. 18 May 2016
2304:
2302:
2296:
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2274:
2270:
2267:Schroeder C.
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:public domain
2237:
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2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:public domain
2197:
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2172:
2171:public domain
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2132:
2131:public domain
2113:
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2107:
2101:
2095:
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2077:
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2056:
2055:public domain
2037:
2033:
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2023:
2020:
2016:
2015:public domain
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1986:Austria-Codex
1980:
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1794:public domain
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1655:Diabetes Care
1652:
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1635:9780857113382
1631:
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1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:public domain
1595:
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1302:
1298:
1290:
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1285:
1284:hydroxylation
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:hypoglycaemia
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:phenobarbital
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:boxed warning
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
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1120:
1114:
1110:
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1103:
1099:
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986:
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947:
944:
936:
934:
932:
927:
925:
921:
920:breastfeeding
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:Canagliflozin
852:
845:
839:
830:
825:
821:
814:
805:
801:
794:
790:
788:
787:Melting point
784:
777:
773:
772:
770:
767:
762:
755:
753:
749:
722:
720:
716:
711:
707:
703:
700:
698:
696:ECHA InfoCard
692:
684:
680:
676:
675:
673:
664:
660:
653:
652:ChEMBL2103841
649:
648:
646:
644:
640:
633:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
613:
609:
608:
606:
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600:
593:
589:
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573:
569:
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560:
553:
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407:
404:
401:
398:
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392:
388:
386:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
357:
355: Rx-only
348:
346:
336:
333:
323:
321:
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309:
299:
298:
296:
294:
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285:
277:
272:
269:
268:
266:
264:
260:
257:
254:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
234:
228:
219:
218:
216:
214:
208:
201:
200:Canagliflozin
196:
187:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
111:
98:
45:
43:Pronunciation
41:
38:Clinical data
36:
32:
27:
23:Canagliflozin
19:
4212:
4211:
4197:
4162:
4136:Sergliflozin
4065:
4056:Atigliflozin
4052:
4011:
3739:Combinations
3684:Sergliflozin
3648:
3553:Vildagliptin
3548:Trelagliptin
3528:Omarigliptin
3503:Garvagliptin
3430:Taspoglutide
3420:Orforglipron
3415:Lixisenatide
3349:Meglitinides
3304:Glibornuride
3294:
3278:Metahexamide
3273:Glycyclamide
3253:
3206:Cagrilintide
3196:analogs and
3184:Tesaglitazar
3179:Saroglitazar
3174:Muraglitazar
3151:Troglitazone
3136:Pioglitazone
3116:Darglitazone
3050:Non-insulins
2983:
2973:+semaglutide
2963:+liraglutide
2946:
2903:
2886:short-acting
2885:
2857:
2774:
2767:. Retrieved
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2737:the original
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:the original
2701:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2654:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2591:cite journal
2556:
2552:
2542:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2479:cite journal
2455:(1): 64–74.
2452:
2448:
2438:
2416:. Retrieved
2407:
2373:. Retrieved
2364:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:Fox Business
2338:
2329:
2307:. Retrieved
2298:
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2272:
2262:
2240:. Retrieved
2231:
2222:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2187:
2178:
2158:10 September
2156:. Retrieved
2147:
2138:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:the original
2103:
2094:
2086:
2079:. Retrieved
2075:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2022:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1939:cite journal
1906:
1902:
1895:
1881:cite journal
1846:
1842:
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1813:
1779:. Retrieved
1762:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1697:cite journal
1688:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1625:
1620:
1598:. Retrieved
1589:
1568:10665/345533
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1529:
1502:. Retrieved
1494:
1470:. Retrieved
1461:
1437:. Retrieved
1432:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1360:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1294:
1260:blood plasma
1253:
1244:sulfonylurea
1237:
1229:kilocalories
1210:
1202:Pharmacology
1177:
1170:
1159:
1156:Interactions
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1073:
1062:Patients on
1037:
1028:
1025:
989:pioglitazone
975:
959:sulfonylurea
948:
940:
937:Medical uses
928:
881:
864:
860:
859:
848:
842:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
410:Elimination
293:Legal status
287:Legal status
181:License data
136:
132:
18:
4198:Inhibitors:
4166:ISIS-388626
4053:Inhibitors:
4012:Inhibitors:
3926:from market
3538:Sitagliptin
3533:Saxagliptin
3523:Melogliptin
3518:Linagliptin
3513:Gosogliptin
3508:Gemigliptin
3481:/"gliptins"
3466:(GLP-1/GIP)
3464:Tirzepatide
3458:Retatrutide
3425:Semaglutide
3410:Liraglutide
3400:Dulaglutide
3395:Danuglipron
3390:Albiglutide
3368:Repaglinide
3363:Nateglinide
3358:Mitiglinide
3351:/"glinides"
3334:Glisoxepide
3319:Glimepiride
3309:Glicaramide
3288:Tolbutamide
3263:Carbutamide
3211:Pramlintide
3169:Aleglitazar
3121:Englitazone
3111:Ciglitazone
3016:from market
2927:NPH insulin
2904:long-acting
2858:fast-acting
2717:21 February
1728:(23): 473.
1254:When taken
1162:dehydration
1005:glimepiride
1001:sitagliptin
759: g·mol
702:100.223.671
632:CHEBI:73274
487:842133-18-0
432:Identifiers
167:MedlinePlus
128:Other names
119:Trade names
4263:Thiophenes
4258:Glucosides
4252:Categories
3991:modulators
3715:Benfluorex
3602:Zenarestat
3592:Ranirestat
3587:Fidarestat
3582:Epalrestat
3498:Evogliptin
3493:Anagliptin
3488:Alogliptin
3329:Gliquidone
3314:Gliclazide
3283:Tolazamide
3088:Phenformin
3070:Biguanides
1340:References
953:. Per the
900:amputation
764:3D model (
752:Molar mass
592:6S49DGR869
563:ChemSpider
523:IUPHAR/BPS
478:CAS Number
441:IUPAC name
395:Metabolism
251:Drug class
4213:See also:
4126:Phlorizin
4121:Phloretin
4020:Phlorizin
4015:Phloretin
3936:Phase III
3924:Withdrawn
3725:Imeglimin
3630:Voglibose
3597:Tolrestat
3448:Mazdutide
3405:Exenatide
3324:Glipizide
3083:Metformin
3026:Phase III
3014:Withdrawn
2985:inhalable
2693:Monograph
2688:Drugs.com
2309:28 August
2242:28 August
1822:28 August
1600:28 August
1539:28 August
1504:29 August
1472:28 August
1433:Drugs.com
1361:Drugs.com
1282:, and by
1213:inhibitor
1196:ritonavir
1188:phenytoin
985:metformin
951:metformin
943:indicated
916:pregnancy
423:Excretion
412:half-life
237:Routes of
211:Pregnancy
159:Monograph
153:Drugs.com
143:-glucitol
4242:Medicine
3625:Miglitol
3620:Acarbose
3078:Buformin
2842:Insulins
2820:insulins
2763:Archived
2646:34232488
2583:32064793
2534:36348840
2526:24330128
2471:25059406
2279:8 August
2273:DrugNews
2202:11 March
2081:3 August
1931:53277899
1923:30424892
1865:29372664
1815:DailyMed
1754:29285506
1685:30291106
1557:(2021).
1328:See also
1256:by mouth
1184:rifampin
1166:diuretic
1064:dialysis
877:by mouth
865:Invokana
851:(verify)
572:26333259
543:DrugBank
512:24812758
263:ATC code
244:By mouth
213:category
195:DailyMed
106:-ə-glif-
4146:T-1095A
4030:T-1095A
3450:(GLP-1/
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