100:
1057:. However, his triumph was marred, for he had become seriously ill as the result, according to contemporary accounts, of drinking from a polluted spring a few days before. As soon as he arrived at his lodgings he took to his bed and on the morning of 22 July 1329, after settling his affairs as best he could, he died. Cangrande's body was taken out of Treviso at nightfall and drawn on a bier to Verona where it was escorted by the nobles into the city preceded by twelve knights, one of whom wore Cangrande's armour and carried his unsheathed sword. The body was temporarily housed in the church of Santa Maria Antiqua, then appears to have been moved twice, once to a marble tomb in the churchyard (previously believed to be that of Cangrande's father
1046:
318:
32:
330:
campaigns described by contemporary historians and poets. He was known both for his joviality and furious temper and for his open disposition, being fond of discourse with people of all social classes. He was an eloquent speaker, and argument and debate for its own sake was one of his favourite peacetime pastimes when he was not out hunting or hawking. His bravery in battle is well documented; his mercy to defeated foes impressed even his enemies, among them the Paduan historian and dramatist
412:, where the Guelph faction had seized control in defiance of Henry. When the Guelphs surrendered on 16 September 1311, he was chosen to ride at the head of three hundred knights in Henry's triumphal entry into the city. He set out later to accompany the Emperor on his coronation journey to Rome but hastened back to Verona on hearing that his brother had fallen dangerously ill. On 29 November 1311, Alboino died and Cangrande became sole ruler of Verona at the age of twenty.
702:
934:. Cangrande kept a lavish and ostentatious court in the city with a retinue of knights numbering over a thousand at the lowest estimate. If his aim was to impress the emperor of his superiority over the other Lombard magnates the most telling result was to arouse the jealousy and suspicion of Milan's rulers the Visconti and he soon found it prudent to return to Verona, where in June 1327 he involved himself in revisions to the city's legislature.
1094:. A physician of Cangrande's was hanged by his successor Mastino II, adding more weight to the possibility of foul play having been at least suspected, although who was ultimately behind the killing is likely to remain a mystery. One of the principal suspects (at least in terms of motive) was Cangrande's nephew, the ambitious Mastino II himself. Furthermore, according to the DNA examination carried out in 2021, Cangrande also suffered from a
1131:, the last warlord to hold comparable territories in eastern Lombardy. He normally allowed subject cities to keep their own laws and made efforts to ensure his appointed officials acted with impartiality and that taxation was kept to acceptable levels. Cangrande undertook few building projects of any significance with the exception of improvements to city walls and the erection of castles such as the example still to be seen at
978:
was made
Captain General of the City by a compliant General Council but the overall ruler was now Cangrande, who rode triumphantly into Padua on 10 September 1328 Cangrande was received enthusiastically by the populace who now craved any kind of stability. To cement the new order Jacobo da Carrara's daughter Taddea was betrothed to Cangrande's nephew Mastino della Scala, the wedding itself taking place at a great
1168:, lines 70–93. These to some extent reflect Cangrande's fame in his own time when, as Dante remarked "even his enemies would be unable to keep silent about him". The comments of the historian A.M. Allen, written at the beginning of the 20th century, remain apposite: "whatever might be thought now of his land hunger, ostentation and imperious temper, to his contemporaries he appeared little short of perfect".
421:
474:
even gaining the reluctant admiration of such men as
Mussato, who fervently opposed Cangrande's autocratic style of rule. It typified the qualities for which he was to become increasingly famous: an almost reckless bravery in battle, coupled with magnanimity towards defeated enemies, some of whom he befriended in captivity. Among his prisoners on this occasion were the influential Paduan nobles
1114:
351:
566:
attacked from the rear, albeit in the nick of time for
Cangrande's habitual impetuosity had nearly cost him dearly, and decisively ended the battle. Cangrande showed magnanimity to his hereditary foe Vinciguerra di San Bonifacio who was seriously wounded in the conflict, having him nursed at his own palace and affording him a magnificent funeral on his death a few weeks later.
1139:
in 1320 this boldness gave way to a more cautious approach. In weaving his way through the complex political scenarios of his time he showed energy and decisiveness similar to that on the battlefield. He had a reputation as a persuasive speaker and took many an opportunity to add to his territories by political means or win an influential ally to his cause.
487:
1073:
732:, Jacopo da Carrara resigning his command in Henry's favour. This resignation denied Cangrande his chief pretext for war but he was soon on the offensive again, taking castles from Henry of Gorizia in Trevisan territory in March and in June, with the aid of Paduan exiles, mounting an unsuccessful stealth attack on Padua itself.
470:, who was with the Paduan forces, recounts how this sudden assault quickly developed into a rout of the whole Paduan army in which Cangrande, standing up in his stirrups, urged his followers to "slay the cowardly foe" before charging onwards, mace in hand, carrying all before him "as fire fanned by the wind devours stubble".
565:
with a large force on 21 May 1317. Cangrande secretly entered
Vicenza and the next day at dawn disguised as a Vincentine Guelph he encouraged the Paduans to enter the city, suddenly rushing upon them in person with a small body of troops as they moved to enter the gates while Uguccione's larger force
465:
Cangrande was absent at Verona at the time but soon learned of events and rode out instantly for
Vicenza, covering the distance in three hours. On arriving in the city he mounted a warhorse and without hesitation led an impromptu attack on the invaders who had still not penetrated beyond the suburbs.
457:
in August 1313 freed
Cangrande from his duty to provide resources to the Imperial cause and a change of government at Padua gave him time to amass a sizable army. From the spring of 1314, he pursued the same punitive tactics as his enemies, burning crops and towns in Paduan territory. The devastation
977:
posing a constant threat. Faced with these difficulties
Marsilio eventually decided to surrender the city to Cangrande under an arrangement in which he retained some power rather than risk losing everything by fighting him or trying to do a deal behind his back with the exiles. Accordingly, Marsilio
735:
In late Summer Henry III of
Gorizia arrived once more in Padua with fresh troops and attacked Cangrande's camp at Bassanello on the morning of 25 August 1320. Cangrande, despite sustaining a slight wound and being advised by his generals to act defensively, charged the enemy forces. He found himself
473:
Cangrande's victory was so comprehensive he was able to conclude a peace treaty in
October 1314 in which Padua recognised his supremacy over Vicenza. His military reputation was also much enhanced. Daring feats of arms such as his hell-for-leather ride to Vicenza appealed to the popular imagination,
329:
Investigations following the exhumation of his mummified corpse in 2004 indicate that
Cangrande was 1.73 metres (about 5 ft 8 in) tall with a long face, prominent jaw and curly chestnut hair. Considerable physical strength and endurance are attested to by the almost ceaseless military
1138:
As a military commander, Cangrande was a brilliant opportunist tactician rather than a great strategist. His bravery sometimes bordered on recklessness, usually leading his men from the front when attacking enemy troops or assaulting the walls of a fortress, although after his defeat by the Paduans
1085:
In February 2004, Cangrande's body was removed from its sarcophagus for scientific tests, one of the objectives being to see whether the cause of his death could be ascertained. The body was found to be naturally mummified and in an exceptionally good state of preservation, so much so that some of
1126:
family in Padua. In Verona itself, he reformed and expanded the legislature, introducing few new laws and regulations but clearing up obscurities, omissions and inconsistencies in the existing manuscripts so efficiently that his statutes lasted with little significant alteration to the end of the
1121:
With the exception of Vicenza, Cangrande's military conquests did not survive the reign of his successor Mastino II. However, his victories did have far-reaching effects on neighbouring cities. For example, Vicenza's political future was now permanently linked to that of Verona. As well, he had
1186:(1348-53), in the seventh tale of the first day, in which he is portrayed as a wise ruler, graceful enough to accept (and indeed reward) a veiled rebuke from Bergamino, a jester visiting his court. His eminence, wisdom and generosity in this moral tale (where he is compared not unfavourably to
680:
appointed Cangrande "Captain and Rector of the Imperial Party of Lombardy". Cangrande accepted the title without doing much to earn it, being for the moment more concerned with renewed attempts to conquer Treviso. He came close to success but was eventually thwarted in June when the Trevisans
743:
The Paduans, distrustful of their saviour Henry III of Gorizia and anxious to be rid of his unsavoury mercenary army, agreed to terms not so unfavourable to Cangrande as he might have feared. He only had to relinquish his recent conquests while his more long-standing possessions such as
846:
where a rumour surfaced that he was dying. At this, his cousin Federico della Scala tried to seize power. but Cangrande's mercenaries held firm against him. On Cangrande's recovery, Federico, the saviour of Verona in a Paduan attack of June 1314, was banished from his territories.
545:. He was about to lay siege to the city in May 1317 when he heard that Vicenza was about to be betrayed to a group of exiles backed by Paduan troops under the Guelph nobleman Count Vinciguerra di San Bonifacio, whose family had long ago been exiled from Verona by Cangrande's uncle
972:
struggled to control dissolute noblemen, not least members his own family. Meanwhile, Veronese forces under Cangrande's nephew Mastino della Scala in league with Paduan exiles, most prominent amongst them Nicolo da Carrara (a distant cousin of Marsilio) encamped not far away at
656:
The attack on Treviso was made with the promise of help from certain nobles within the city who hoped Cangrande would restore them to power. Although this plot did enable him to take some outlying castles but fell short of taking the city itself for the citizens appealed to
1090:, extracted from one of the "foxglove" family of plants. The evidence leans towards deliberate murder by poisoning, perhaps under the guise of medical treatment for the illness Cangrande is said to have contracted from drinking infected spring water prior to his arrival in
396:
arrived in Italy intent on reconciling Guelph and Ghibelline under the banner of a united empire. In reality, he soon found himself reliant on the support of Ghibelline magnates to further his aims, prominent among them Cangrande and Alboino, whom he made
1147:
Cangrande was a noted patron of the arts and learning in general. Poets, painters, grammarians and historians all found a welcome at Verona during his reign and his personal interest in eloquent debate is reflected by his addition of a professorship of
296:
Cangrande was held in great affection by his father who took the extraordinary step of knighting him while still a child on 11 November 1301. On Alberto's death in 1301, Cangrande was entrusted to the guardianship of his eldest brother
736:
outnumbered and his subsequent retreat soon degenerated into the route of his entire army. Cangrande was again wounded, struck by an arrow in the thigh and had to ride desperately across country to the safety of his stronghold at
1127:
Scaligeri period. The innovations he did make unsurprisingly tended to invest more power in his own position as absolute ruler. Despot though he was, Cangrande's rule was generally pragmatic and tolerant in marked contrast to
1041:
for the last time and within a few days his large army was laying siege to Treviso. Quickly running low on supplies and bereft of external help, the city's overlord Guecello Tempesta surrendered the city to Cangrande.
863:
by Passerino Bonacolsi in November 1325. However, he seems to have become estranged from his old ally at this time, perhaps offended by Passerino favouring the Estensi of Ferrara into which family he had now married.
1257:
593:
and led his forces on an all-out assault on the walls. In a short space of time, the town was taken, sacked and burnt. Following this, many other towns in the area surrendered in fear of suffering a similar fate.
1156:
is now undoubtedly his chief claim to fame as a patron of the arts. It is generally accepted that Dante was a guest at Verona between 1312 and 1318, although the details of his time in the city are unrecorded.
629:
cause in various cities, undeterred by the Pope's excommunication (enforced in April for his persistent refusal to renounce his Imperial Vicariates). In autumn his attention turned once more to the
458:
of the rural districts tolled heavily on Padua, whose ruling council decided to end the war once and for all by taking Vicenza with overwhelming force. A large army under Padua's warrior
99:
740:
which he eventually reached in a state of exhaustion with the arrow still sticking in his leg. Comprehensively defeated, he now had no choice but to open peace negotiations.
823:, Padua's current champion, did not pose a serious threat and Cangrande was soon able to pay him off. With Henry gone Cangrande attacked Padua again early in 1325 but
597:
After Christmas Cangrande marched his army to the walls of Padua itself in an effort to terrify the populace into surrender. The Paduan Greater Council represented by
709:
In August 1319 Cangrande invaded Paduan territory and established a permanent camp south of the city near the town of Bassanello. He then set about laying siege to
1484:
442:. Padua's ruling council decided to wrest their former territory from Cangrande and defy the Emperor who had backed his takeover by electing him Vicenza's
494:
With Vicenza secured, Cangrande was able to involve himself in territories to the west of Verona. With the aid of Rinaldo "Passerino" Bonacolsi, ruler of
887:—however, when Louis entered Italy in January 1327, Cangrande was one of the first to pay him homage. He tried and failed to obtain the Vicariate of
1065:
over the church entrance, topped with an impressive equestrian statue of a smiling Cangrande in tournament attire (the latter now in the Museum of
1509:
1037:
had produced a number of powerful exiles willing to help him conquer the city in exchange for their reinstatement. On 2 July 1329, Cangrande left
945:
family. Whether Cangrande was merely being brutally pragmatic here and supporting the winning side—Passerino's power was on the wane having lost
1258:"A medieval case of Digitalis poisoning: the sudden death of Cangrande della Scala, lord of Verona (1291-1329) | Gino Fornaciari - Academia.edu"
1489:
371:
1355:
1226:
573:, which had overseen this treaty, finally declared it null and void. Cangrande set out immediately with a large army to surprise the town of
815:
sought to regain some of its former possessions by force he spent the spring of 1324 strengthening his defences, starting with the walls of
1524:
53:
1514:
589:
soon followed, encircled by Cangrande's forces and called on to surrender. The garrison resisted, whereupon Cangrande plunged into the
462:
Ponzino de' Ponzini marched through the night and invaded the Vincentine suburb of San Pietro in the early hours of 17 September 1314.
401:
of Verona. In April 1311, the two brothers co-led an Imperial Army which swiftly liberated Verona's neighbour Vicenza from the rule of
1519:
1327:
1308:
792:
753:
721:
686:
658:
533:, as Emperor. Cangrande ignored the Pope's threats of excommunication and re-emphasised his Ghibelline credentials by attacking the
518:
75:
386:
633:. He was unable to attack Padua because of the peace treaty but had considerable influence there due to his friendship with the
759:
For the next two years, Cangrande stayed clear of armed conflict but continued to expand his territories, winning the towns of
378:. In 1308, he began to share the rule of Verona with Alboino. This was also the year of his marriage to Giovanna, daughter of
1086:
his internal organs could be examined. It transpired the actual cause of death was poisoning from lethal amounts of the drug
661:
who ordered Cangrande to stop his assault in return for the Trevisans accepting his authority and allowing him to appoint an
1053:
On 18 July, Cangrande made his state entry to Treviso, the crowning moment in his long struggle to subdue the cities of the
1160:
As might be expected, Dante is lavish in his praise of his patron wherever he has occasion to mention him, most notably in
277:, ruler of Verona, by his wife Verde da Salizzole. Christened Can Francesco, perhaps partly in punning homage to his uncle
454:
393:
1529:
1205:. The story interweaves the characters of Shakespeare's Italian plays (most notably the Capulets and the Montagues from
503:
1045:
450:. For some eighteen months, Cangrande was hard-pressed to defend Vicenza and even Verona itself from these incursions.
389:, a union which was to endure for his lifetime but bring no heirs, although he fathered several illegitimate children.
317:
720:, hoping for his assistance. Henry waited until the Paduan position was so desperate that they would submit to him as
682:
46:
40:
693:. Cangrande immediately turned his attention to Padua, picking a quarrel with his erstwhile ally Jacopo Da Carrara.
1479:
1227:"The mummy of Cangrande della Scala, Lord of Verona (1291–1329): A case of Medieval acute Digitalis intoxication"
646:
558:
542:
1361:
728:
finally did on 4 November 1319 whereupon Henry assembled a large army and on 5 January 1320 entered the city as
281:("mastiff") I, the founder of the Scaligeri dynasty, his physical and mental precocity soon earned him the name
57:
1504:
1499:
1474:
298:
20:
525:, receiving from him confirmation of the Imperial Vicariates of Verona and Vicenza and incurring the wrath of
1152:
to the six academic chairs already provided for in the Veronese statutes. However, his patronage of the poet
237:, Cangrande was in his own day chiefly acclaimed as a successful warrior and autocrat. Between becoming sole
1494:
998:
961:
after 16 years of intermittent yet brutal conflict. The city was ripe for such a takeover, forsaken by its
1405:
1401:
1128:
642:
438:
by an act of political opportunism, taking advantage of that city's disputes with its former overlords in
855:
Cangrande had recovered well enough to take part in the campaign which ended in a great victory over the
842:
as a great fire had destroyed a significant part of the city. He was taken ill on the way and retired to
1376:
1058:
994:
868:
546:
359:
278:
274:
188:
796:
779:
In the autumn of 1322 Cangrande renewed his alliance with Passerino Bonacolsi in an attempt to restore
569:
Cangrande wasted little time in accusing Padua of breaking the peace treaty of 1314. In December 1317,
601:
felt compelled to agree to any terms other than unconditional surrender and on 12 February 1318 ceded
1469:
1464:
1343:
1187:
1066:
941:
in which his old ally Passerino Bonacolsi was overthrown and killed and his family supplanted by the
334:, who praised Cangrande's honourable treatment of Vinciguerra di San Bonifacio after the conflict at
322:
1069:). As he had no legitimate sons, his titles passed to his nephews, Mastino and Alberto della Scala.
1436:
969:
884:
824:
788:
598:
530:
475:
1233:
1360:
Website "Cangrande della Scala: la morte ed il corredo di un principe nel medioevo europe", 2005
1177:
1098:
1026:
965:
927:
912:
820:
522:
490:
Imaginary depiction of Cangrande, displaying on the breast of his tabard the arms of della Scala
383:
228:
701:
1323:
1304:
808:
673:
467:
379:
331:
949:
in June 1327—or whether his estrangement from his old ally had a deeper cause, is uncertain.
408:
From May to October of the same year, Cangrande commanded the Italian levies in the siege of
1054:
1030:
942:
876:
630:
507:
290:
1153:
1095:
764:
375:
238:
224:
114:
716:
During the autumn of 1319 Padua negotiated with Henry of Gorizia, who was based still at
827:, the Emperor elect, ordered him to call a truce and restore some territories to Padua.
1062:
1033:
family in that city. These plans were put on hold however as a change of government at
669:
578:
526:
258:
118:
637:
family which was now dominant in the city. He cemented his informal alliance with the
446:. In early spring 1312 the Paduan army began to ravage the territories of Vicenza and
241:
in 1311 and his death in 1329 he took control of several neighbouring cities, notably
1458:
1165:
1132:
1102:
883:
in July 1326 in an attempt to break Cangrande's allegiance to the Holy Roman Emperor
800:
784:
424:
799:
in September 1322 and in June 1323 formed an alliance with him, Passerino and the
420:
1301:
Cangrande Della Scala – La Morte e il corredo funebre di un principe nel medioevo
617:
to Cangrande for life and ordered the restoration of citizens exiled from Padua.
285:, signifying "big dog" or "great dog". The canine allusion was emphasised by the
1202:
1113:
974:
860:
745:
610:
606:
586:
350:
339:
1280:
478:
and his nephew Marsilio, who became major players in Cangrande's later career.
289:
lords from Cangrande's reign onwards by the adoption of a dog's head heraldic
223:
from 1308 until 1387. Now perhaps best known as the leading patron of the poet
108:
1340, from his monument in Verona, with dog's head crest atop helm and on thigh
990:
916:
872:
835:
780:
645:) with Taddea, Jacopo Da Carrara's baby daughter. Meanwhile, in alliance with
638:
634:
626:
614:
499:
459:
363:
358:
Cangrande saw his first military action in the campaigns of his other brother
254:
989:
This, Cangrande's most significant triumph, was seen as a huge boost for the
1182:
1123:
1087:
1005:
wrote to congratulate Cangrande and, in March 1329 he was made a citizen of
923:
908:
749:
737:
602:
582:
574:
338:
in 1317. He was devoutly religious and fasted twice a week in honour of the
233:
506:. He then turned his attention back to his personal goal of conquering the
641:
late in 1318 by betrothing his twelve-year-old nephew Mastino (the future
585:
was betrayed to the Veronese vanguard on 21 December and the rich town of
434:
In February 1312, Cangrande became ruler of Verona's neighbouring city of
1149:
1009:, an honour rarely granted at the time to people from outside that city.
1002:
306:
286:
216:
170:
165:
19:"Cangrande della Scala" redirects here. For the later Scaliger lord, see
486:
215:(9 March 1291 – 22 July 1329) was an Italian nobleman, belonging to the
1424:
1091:
1072:
1034:
896:
856:
839:
804:
768:
717:
713:
while his troops set about attacking towns still under Paduan control.
650:
562:
538:
534:
511:
435:
409:
367:
335:
250:
242:
158:
1384:
1038:
1022:
1017:
In the spring of 1329, Cangrande succeeded in obtaining the title of
1006:
983:
968:
and in a state of internal lawlessness as its most powerful autocrat
946:
938:
904:
880:
843:
831:
816:
760:
570:
495:
447:
270:
220:
138:
1261:
1232:. VI World Congress On Mummy Studies. February 2007. Archived from
1444:
1416:
1191:
1071:
1044:
1018:
979:
962:
958:
931:
900:
892:
888:
812:
729:
725:
710:
700:
690:
677:
662:
485:
443:
439:
419:
402:
398:
349:
316:
302:
246:
1299:
Marini, Paolo; Ettore Napione; Gian Maria Varanini, eds. (2004).
590:
293:
atop their helmets and also on their tombs and other monuments.
625:
Cangrande spent the spring and summer of 1318 fighting for the
25:
405:, this city having rebelled against the Emperor's authority.
305:
when the poet took refuge in Verona following his exile from
362:—who succeeded Bartolomeo in 1304—fighting alongside other
1320:
Il Corpo Del Principe – Richerche su Cangrande della Scala
724:
of Austria's representative. This the Greater Council of
668:
In the same month a convention of Ghibelline leaders at
957:
In September 1328 Cangrande at last took possession of
819:
itself. However, the ill-disciplined mercenary army of
577:, a key Paduan stronghold on the eastern slopes of the
517:
On 16 March 1316, Cangrande had officially recognised
1194:'s influence on Boccaccio's perception of Cangrande.
875:
the Guelph faction was still strong and the pope and
937:
In August 1328 Cangrande supported a coup d'Ă©tat in
681:
reluctantly accepted the protection of the powerful
1209:) with the historical figures of Cangrande's time.
1122:played a decisive role in the rise to power of the
194:
184:
176:
164:
145:
131:
124:
113:
90:
649:he had launched another military campaign against
529:, who recognised neither Frederick nor his rival,
993:cause, weakened as it had been by the death of
253:, and came to be regarded as the leader of the
301:, in whose brief reign he probably first met
8:
16:Italian ruler and patron of Dante Alighieri
1365:
871:'s triumph over the Florentine Guelphs at
830:In June and July 1325 Cangrande fought at
541:in concert with the feared Tuscan warlord
87:
498:, he had by September 1316 helped secure
392:In November 1310, the Holy Roman Emperor
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1112:
621:Second military campaign against Treviso
39:This article includes a list of general
1218:
1117:The castle at Soave, built by Cangrande
1029:, intending to move against the ruling
891:from the Emperor but was reaffirmed as
867:Despite the victory at Monteveglio and
771:(in October 1322) by political means.
510:, launching an unsuccessful attack on
321:Equestrian Statue of Cangrande in the
1485:Burials at Santa Maria Antica, Verona
1076:Views of Cangrande's body in his tomb
997:earlier that year. Even cities under
342:, to whom he was especially devoted.
7:
1197:Cangrande is the title character of
429:Gules, a scaling ladder erect argent
1176:Cangrande I della Scala appears in
313:Physical appearance and personality
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
791:after the latter's victory over
104:Equestrian Statue of Cangrande,
98:
30:
787:. He pledged his allegiance to
1510:Military personnel from Verona
345:
1:
1490:14th-century Italian nobility
1290:Varanini, Gian Maria (1988).
1013:Conquest of Treviso and death
227:and featuring prominently in
1322:. Venice: Marsilio Editori.
1318:Ettore Napione, ed. (2006).
1303:. Venice: Marsilio Editori.
466:The historian and dramatist
346:The emperor's right-hand man
1525:Characters in The Decameron
1285:. London: Methuen & Co.
926:(31 May) Louis was crowned
427:of the della Scala family:
354:Palazzo Cangrande in Verona
1546:
1515:Italian literature patrons
838:cause but had to hurry to
756:of Austria's arbitration.
18:
1441:
1433:
1421:
1412:
1398:
1381:
1373:
1368:
775:Return to military action
647:Uguccione della Faggiuola
559:Uguccione della Faggiuola
543:Uguccione della Faggiuola
97:
1520:14th-century condottieri
953:Final triumph over Padua
382:and a descendant of the
299:Bartolomeo I della Scala
21:Cangrande II della Scala
1356:Details of 2004 autopsy
1292:Gli Scaligeri 1277–1387
1180:'s almost contemporary
851:Intrigues and betrayals
231:'s almost contemporary
92:Cangrande I della Scala
60:more precise citations.
1129:Ezzelino III da Romano
1118:
1077:
1050:
793:Frederick I of Austria
706:
687:Frederick I of Austria
659:Frederick I of Austria
643:Mastino II della Scala
519:Frederick I of Austria
491:
431:
355:
326:
269:Cangrande was born in
1279:Allen, A. M. (1910).
1116:
1075:
1061:) and finally to the
1059:Alberto I della Scala
1049:The Tomb of Cangrande
1048:
995:Castruccio Castracani
869:Castruccio Castracani
821:Henry VI of Carinthia
752:were made subject to
704:
553:Second war with Padua
547:Mastino I della Scala
502:supremacy in Western
489:
423:
360:Alboino I della Scala
353:
320:
275:Alberto I della Scala
189:Alberto I della Scala
1344:Epistle to Cangrande
1294:. Verona: Mondadori.
1199:The Master of Verona
1188:Emperor Frederick II
1164:, Canto XVII of the
763:(in February 1321),
697:Third war with Padua
683:Henry III of Gorizia
482:A staunch Ghibelline
416:Struggle for Vicenza
366:leaders against the
323:Castelvecchio Museum
1530:Deaths by poisoning
1437:Marsilio da Carrara
1282:A History of Verona
970:Marsilio Da Carrara
885:Louis IV of Bavaria
825:Louis IV of Bavaria
789:Louis IV of Bavaria
767:(October 1321) and
531:Louis IV of Bavaria
273:, the third son of
1207:Romeo & Juliet
1178:Giovanni Boccaccio
1143:Patron of the arts
1119:
1099:metabolic myopathy
1078:
1051:
986:in November 1328.
966:Henry of Carinthia
928:Holy Roman Emperor
797:Battle of MĂĽhldorf
707:
523:Holy Roman Emperor
514:in November 1316.
492:
432:
384:Holy Roman Emperor
356:
327:
229:Giovanni Boccaccio
217:della Scala family
198:Verde da Salizzole
180:Giovanna di Svevia
1453:
1452:
1399:Succeeded by
1081:Modern postmortem
809:Visconti of Milan
705:Cangrande's sword
674:Matteo I Visconti
599:Jacopo da Carrara
476:Jacopo da Carrara
468:Albertino Mussato
380:Conrad of Antioch
372:Azzo VIII of Este
332:Albertino Mussato
202:
201:
86:
85:
78:
1537:
1480:Italian monarchs
1434:Preceded by
1415:The Republic of
1413:Preceded by
1374:Preceded by
1366:
1333:
1314:
1295:
1286:
1266:
1265:
1260:. Archived from
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1001:control such as
877:Robert of Naples
561:arrived outside
155:
153:
141:
127:
102:
88:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1505:Dante Alighieri
1500:Lords of Verona
1475:Scaliger family
1455:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1428:
1419:
1408:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1352:
1340:
1330:
1317:
1311:
1298:
1289:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1174:
1154:Dante Alighieri
1145:
1111:
1083:
1015:
955:
879:sent envoys to
853:
777:
699:
623:
555:
484:
418:
399:Imperial Vicars
376:Lord of Ferrara
348:
315:
267:
239:ruler of Verona
225:Dante Alighieri
157:
151:
149:
137:
136:
125:
109:
93:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1495:Lords of Padua
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1392:with Alboino I
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1369:Regnal titles
1364:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1350:External links
1348:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1315:
1309:
1296:
1287:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:on 2015-01-15.
1249:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1190:) may reflect
1173:
1170:
1144:
1141:
1110:
1107:
1082:
1079:
1019:Imperial Vicar
1014:
1011:
963:Imperial Vicar
954:
951:
901:Imperial Vicar
895:of Verona and
893:Imperial Vicar
852:
849:
807:in aid of the
776:
773:
730:Imperial Vicar
698:
695:
691:Imperial Vicar
663:Imperial Vicar
622:
619:
579:Euganean Hills
557:Cangrande and
554:
551:
527:Pope John XXII
483:
480:
444:Imperial Vicar
417:
414:
347:
344:
314:
311:
266:
263:
259:northern Italy
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
147:
143:
142:
133:
129:
128:
122:
121:
119:Imperial vicar
115:Lord of Verona
111:
110:
103:
95:
94:
91:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1542:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1329:88-317-9024-2
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1310:88-317-8492-7
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1239:on 2017-01-08
1235:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:, a novel by
1200:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1172:In literature
1171:
1169:
1167:
1166:Divine Comedy
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1103:Pompe disease
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1067:Castelvecchio
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:Trevisan Mark
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
976:
971:
967:
964:
960:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
862:
858:
850:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:. Aware that
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:Reggio Emilia
782:
774:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
741:
739:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
703:
696:
694:
692:
689:'s nominated
688:
684:
679:
675:
671:
666:
664:
660:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Trevisan Mark
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
564:
560:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
508:Trevisan Mark
505:
501:
497:
488:
481:
479:
477:
471:
469:
463:
461:
456:
453:The death of
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
426:
422:
415:
413:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
390:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
324:
319:
312:
310:
308:
304:
300:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:Can Francesco
206:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
169:
167:
163:
160:
148:
144:
140:
134:
130:
123:
120:
116:
112:
107:
101:
96:
89:
80:
77:
69:
66:November 2014
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1442:
1422:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1319:
1300:
1291:
1281:
1262:the original
1252:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1221:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1161:
1159:
1146:
1137:
1120:
1084:
1052:
1016:
988:
956:
936:
921:
866:
854:
829:
778:
758:
742:
734:
715:
708:
667:
655:
624:
596:
568:
556:
516:
493:
472:
464:
452:
433:
428:
425:Canting arms
407:
391:
387:Frederick II
357:
328:
295:
282:
268:
232:
212:
208:
207:(christened
204:
203:
166:Noble family
156:22 July 1329
135:9 March 1291
105:
72:
63:
44:
1470:1329 deaths
1465:1291 births
1395:(1308–1311)
1203:David Blixt
1063:marble tomb
861:Monteveglio
859:Guelphs at
611:Castelbaldo
340:Virgin Mary
257:faction in
219:that ruled
213:della Scala
58:introducing
1459:Categories
1449:1328–1329
1429:1312–1329
1406:Alberto II
1402:Mastino II
1243:2008-07-31
1213:References
991:Ghibelline
924:Whitsunday
917:Conegliano
873:Altopascio
836:Ghibelline
783:exiles in
781:Ghibelline
765:Serravalle
672:headed by
639:Da Carrara
635:Da Carrara
627:Ghibelline
615:Montagnana
500:Ghibelline
364:Ghibelline
265:Early life
255:Ghibelline
152:1329-07-22
41:references
1389:1308–1329
1377:Alboino I
1183:Decameron
1124:Carraresi
1088:digitalis
1025:from the
909:Monselice
899:and made
857:Bolognese
754:Frederick
750:Monselice
738:Monselice
722:Frederick
603:Monselice
583:Monselice
575:Monselice
455:Henry VII
394:Henry VII
283:Cangrande
234:Decameron
205:Cangrande
177:Spouse(s)
1443:Lord of
1423:Lord of
1383:Lord of
1338:See also
1162:Paradiso
1150:Rhetoric
1003:Florence
504:Lombardy
325:, Verona
307:Florence
287:Scaliger
171:Scaliger
1425:Vicenza
1273:Sources
1096:genetic
1092:Treviso
1035:Treviso
1031:Gonzaga
1027:Emperor
943:Gonzaga
913:Bassano
897:Vicenza
840:Vicenza
834:in the
805:Ferrara
801:Estensi
795:at the
769:Belluno
718:Treviso
670:Soncino
651:Treviso
563:Vicenza
539:Brescia
535:Guelphs
512:Treviso
460:PodestĂ
436:Vicenza
410:Brescia
370:dynast
336:Vicenza
279:Mastino
251:Treviso
243:Vicenza
159:Treviso
54:improve
1385:Verona
1326:
1307:
1109:Legacy
1101:, the
1039:Verona
1023:Mantua
1007:Venice
999:Guelph
984:Verona
947:Modena
939:Mantua
905:Feltre
881:Verona
844:Verona
832:Modena
817:Verona
761:Feltre
571:Venice
496:Mantua
448:Verona
368:Guelph
271:Verona
221:Verona
195:Mother
185:Father
139:Verona
43:, but
1445:Padua
1417:Padua
1237:(PDF)
1230:(PDF)
1192:Dante
1133:Soave
980:Curia
959:Padua
932:Milan
889:Padua
813:Padua
726:Padua
711:Padua
678:Milan
440:Padua
403:Padua
303:Dante
291:crest
247:Padua
126:
106:circa
1404:and
1324:ISBN
1305:ISBN
975:Este
915:and
748:and
746:Este
613:and
607:Este
591:moat
587:Este
249:and
146:Died
132:Born
117:and
1021:of
982:at
930:at
922:On
903:of
803:of
676:of
537:of
521:as
1461::
1135:.
1105:.
919:.
911:,
907:,
685:,
665:.
653:.
609:,
605:,
581:.
549:.
374:,
309:.
261:.
245:,
211:)
1332:.
1313:.
1246:.
154:)
150:(
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
