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unorganized, illiterate or have only basic education. Smallholder farmers have little bargaining power and incomes are low, leading to a situation in which they cannot invest much in upscaling their businesses. In general, farmers lack access to agricultural inputs and finance, and do not have enough knowledge on good agricultural and business practices. These high level problems are in many cases threatening the future of agricultural sectors and theories start evolving on how to secure a sustainable future for agriculture. Sustainable market transformations are initiated in which industry leaders work together in a pre-competitive environment to change market conditions. Sustainable intensification focuses on facilitating entrepreneurial farmers. To stimulate farm investment, projects on access to finance for agriculture are also popping up. One example is the SCOPE methodology, an assessment tool that measures the management maturity and professionalism of producer organizations as to give financing organizations better insights in the risks involved in financing. Currently, agricultural finance is always considered risky and avoided by financial institutions.
302:
780:, a marijuana policy researcher, that in contrast to government figures for legal crops such as corn and wheat and using the study's projections for U.S. cannabis production at that time, cannabis was cited as "the top cash crop in 12 states and among the top three cash crops in 30". The study also estimated cannabis production at the time (in 2006) to be valued at US$ 35.8 billion, which exceeded the combined value of corn at $ 23.3 billion and wheat at $ 7.5 billion.
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is a cash crop grown for biofuel production in Africa. Some have criticized the practice of raising non-food plants for export while Africa has problems with hunger and food shortages, and some studies have correlated the proliferation of land acquisitions, often for use to grow non-food cash crops
178:
for agricultural goods. This makes it difficult for a developing nation to export its goods overseas, and forces developing nations to compete with imported goods which are exported from developed nations at artificially low prices. The practice of exporting at artificially low prices is known as
651:
Cash cropping in the United States dates back to the colonial period with crops like tobacco, indigo, cotton and others farmed on massive scales on southern plantations primarily fueled by black slave labor, even after the end of slavery this system continued in some form with the share cropping
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generation and the end of World War II. It was seen as a way to feed the large population boom and continues to be the main factor in having an affordable food supply in the United States. According to the 1997 U.S. Census of
Agriculture, 90% of the farms in the United States are still owned by
740:
farmers. For their livelihood they depend on the production of cash crops, basic commodities that are hard to differentiate in the market. The great majority (80%) of the world's farms measure 2 hectares or less. These smallholder farmers are mainly found in developing countries and are often
550:. These farms, typically operated by large corporations, cover dozens of square kilometres and employ large numbers of laborers. Subsistence farms provide a source of food and a relatively small income for families, but generally fail to produce enough to make re-investment possible.
1043:
Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Deryng, Delphine; D'haen, Sarah; Hare, William; Lissner, Tabea; Ly, Mouhamed; Nauels, Alexander; Noblet, Melinda; Pfleiderer, Peter; Pringle, Patrick; Rokitzki, Martin; Saeed, Fahad; Schaeffer, Michiel; Serdeczny, Olivia; Thomas, Adelle (2018-10-17).
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of commodities such as cotton, grain and milk. The result of this is that the global price of such products is continually reduced until
Africans are unable to compete in world markets, except in cash crops that do not grow easily in temperate climates.
429: – especially those of coffee, cocoa, and banana – is commonly underestimated. Limiting temperature rise to 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) is vital to maintaining productivity in the tropics.
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families, with an additional 6% owned by a partnership. Cash crop farmers have utilized precision agricultural technologies combined with time-tested practices to produce affordable food. Based upon
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85% of its residents (over two million people) are reliant upon cotton production for income, and over half of the country's population lives in poverty. Larger farms tend to grow cash crops such as
606:. It was estimated in 2010 that Australia would produce approximately 143,000 tons of lentils. Most of Australia's lentil harvest is exported to the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.
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The situation in which
African nations export crops while a significant number of people on the continent struggle with hunger has been blamed on developed countries, including the
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cash crops, the prevalence of which varies. In the United States, cannabis is considered by some to be the most valuable cash crop. In 2006, it was reported in a study by
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and citrus fruits. As a result, they created an over abundance of these crops causing an over saturation of these crops on the global market. This caused these crops to
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Dumping, i.e. bringing a product onto the market of another country at a price less than the normal value of that product is condemned but not prohibited in WTO law.
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system where farmers would live and work on large plantations for a share of the crop to sell themselves. Crash cropping of fruits rose to prominence after the
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that grows in the Arctic. There is currently consumer demand for the plant, but the available supply is less than the demand (as of 2011).
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balance. A consequence of this is that a nation, region, or individual producer relying on such a crop may suffer low prices should a
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Coconut palms are cultivated in more than 80 countries of the world, with a total production of 61 million tonnes per year. The
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Food And
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Economic And Social Department. Statistics Division. (September 2, 2010).
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Around 60 percent of
African workers are employed in the agricultural sector, with about three-fifths of African farmers being
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In earlier times, cash crops were usually only a small (but vital) part of a farm's total yield, while today, especially in
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1095:. Agriculture handbook 8-4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration. p. 4.
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was the world's largest cotton-producing country with an estimated output of about one hundred million 480-pound bales.
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elsewhere lead to excess supply on the global markets. This system has been criticized by traditional farmers.
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Issues involving subsidies and trade barriers on such crops have become controversial in discussions of
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is an example of a product that has been susceptible to significant commodity futures price variations.
1819: – food balance sheets from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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is generally not conducive for the cultivation of cash crops. However, one potential cash crop for the
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ball. Cotton is a significant cash crop. According to the
National Cotton Council of America, in 2014,
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80:, which are those fed to the producer's own livestock or grown as food for the producer's family.
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Nyameke, Fidel Essuan; Bin, Shao; Ahiaklo-Kuz, Raphael K. M.; Peprah, Rene Owusu (April 2022).
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take the position that the current international trade system is unfair because it has caused
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derived from it are commonly used in cooking and frying; coconut oil is also widely used in
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in 1950 led to the government implementing incentives to grow cash crops such as tomatoes,
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183:, and is illegal in most nations. Controversy over this issue led to the collapse of the
1633:"Native plants, herbal supplements could be cash crops for North Country, SLU prof says"
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which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased by parties separate from a
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Nepru
Working paper #80, The Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit. Hopolang Phororo.
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Reeves, James B.; Weihrauch, John L.; Consumer and Food
Economics Institute (1979).
661:(USDA) statistics for 2010, states with the highest fruit production quantities are
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Australia, Oceania, and
Antarctica: A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues
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and offer subsidies to their farmers, which some have contended is leading to the
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1190:"Biofuels boom in Africa as British firms lead rush on land for plantations"
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1257:"How land grabs in Africa could herald a new dystopian age of hunger"
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to be lowered in industrial goods while allowing for low tariffs and
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1407:. USDA National Agriculture Statistics Service. October 28, 2011.
1127:"Farm Subsidies: Devastating the World's Poor and the Environment"
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1769:"Few-Shot Learning: A Step for Cash Crops Disease Classification"
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Approximately 70% of the world's food is produced by 500 million
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1046:"1.5°C Hotspots: Climate Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Impacts"
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is a tropical palm tree, and the fruit from it is used to make
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1351:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 10, 2009.
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unless the issue of agricultural subsidies was addressed.
986:"Medicinal Arctic herb: Alaska's next (legal) cash crop?"
958:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 42.
106:, with some local variation (termed as "basis") based on
1038:
1036:
1034:
72:. The term is used to differentiate marketed crops from
1188:
Carrington, Damian; Valentino, Stefano (May 31, 2011).
931:"Largest cocoa producing countries worldwide 2023/2024"
465:
1462:. Retrieved April 14, 2011 from the FAOSTAT Database.
1323:"Lentils offer farmers a better cash crop alternative"
91:
almost all crops are mainly grown for revenue. In the
1222:
Timilsina, Govinda R.; Shrestha, Ashish (July 2010).
1129:. National Center for Policy Analysis. Archived from
1125:
Borders, Max; Burnett, H. Sterling (March 24, 2006).
98:
Prices for major cash crops are set in international
1712:
Hillstrom, Kevin; Hillstrom, Laurie
Collier (2003).
1376:"Alabama growers reap big savings with precision ag"
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Sliced sugarcane, a significant cash crop in Hawaii
1436:. Viet Nam News. February 20, 2012. Archived from
1325:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Landline).
956:The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization
154:, which grows around 70% of the world's supply of
1691:"High yield expected from cash for crop research"
980:
978:
191:refused to consider agenda items proposed by the
1158:"Guides: Poverty in Africa – Growing cash crops"
850:List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals
1286:
1284:
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450:The examples and perspective in this section
150:, cacao has become an important cash crop in
8:
1553:"Marijuana Production in the United States"
1152:
1150:
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1051:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
577:Africa has realized significant growth in
472:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
27:Agricultural crop grown to sell for profit
1520:Venkataraman, Nitya (December 18, 2006).
1478:Fair Trade International Report from 2013
1067:
488:Learn how and when to remove this message
1613:"Could This Be Africa's Next Cash Crop?"
1224:"Biofuels: Markets, Targets and Impacts"
591:with increasing hunger rates in Africa.
1355:from the original on September 24, 2015
1295:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1255:Bunting, Madeleine (January 28, 2011).
895:
659:United States Department of Agriculture
1120:
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907:. National Cotton Council of America.
1652:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1593:"Aid workers grope for famine causes"
1522:"Marijuana Called Top U.S. Cash Crop"
1382:from the original on January 11, 2018
1299:from the original on October 30, 2016
1069:10.1146/annurev-environ-102017-025835
1019:from the original on January 16, 2012
905:"(Cotton) Production Ranking MY 2011"
7:
1648:Lonergan, Kerry (November 5, 2008).
1293:"Humble lentil turns into cash crop"
1291:Staight, Kerry (February 28, 2010).
988:. Alaska Dispatch. February 17, 2011
1374:Creamer, Jamie (February 2, 2011).
1267:from the original on March 21, 2020
1093:Composition of foods: fats and oils
1007:Ellis, Blake (September 10, 2010).
911:from the original on April 15, 2012
234:Cash crops grown in regions with a
1747:Bita, Natasha (February 3, 2010).
1718:. ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 73–119.
1666:"Cash Crop – AWB Scandal (Report)"
1532:from the original on April 3, 2012
1414:from the original on March 4, 2016
1402:"Fruit and Nut Crops (California)"
1200:from the original on April 4, 2020
1164:from the original on April 4, 2020
903:USDA-Foreign Agriculture Service.
25:
1689:Rowbotham, Jill (July 28, 2010).
1562:. DrugScience.org. Archived from
1329:from the original on May 27, 2014
1236:from the original on June 5, 2013
647:are a significant U.S. cash crop.
282:), tree fruit or top fruit (e.g.
1773:North American Academic Research
804:
790:
602:produces significant amounts of
441:
369:are the predominant cash crops.
134:A farmer harvesting pods from a
798:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
757:has been termed as a cash crop.
514:is a cash crop used to produce
270:), lumber yielding trees (e.g.
1591:Ryan, Orla (August 23, 2002).
1551:Gettman, Jon (December 2006).
1434:"Coconut growers switch crops"
954:Van den Bosche, Peter (2005).
187:trade talks in 2003, when the
1:
1749:"Seeing slime as a cash crop"
1611:Olley, Lola (June 29, 2009).
1460:FAOSTAT – Production – Crops
732:Sustainability of cash crops
333:, oil-yielding crops (e.g.
258:), oil-yielding crops (e.g.
1560:Bulletin of Cannabis Reform
1009:"Coffee prices on the rise"
468:, discuss the issue on the
409:are common cash crops. The
30:For the Rascalz album, see
1859:
633:
454:the English-speaking world
222:, a hardy plant used as a
29:
93:least developed countries
1378:. Southeast Farm Press.
820:Agricultural value chain
680:Various potato cultivars
636:List of U.S. state foods
616:Cassa per il Mezzogiorno
433:By continent and country
76:("subsistence crop") in
1631:Staff (April 3, 2012).
745:Black market cash crops
456:and do not represent a
290:) and soft fruit (e.g.
146:. Originally native to
78:subsistence agriculture
1833:Agricultural economics
1789:10.5281/zenodo.6533778
1349:"Ag 101: Demographics"
758:
689:
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519:
321:
238:include many cereals (
176:agricultural subsidies
159:
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1676:on September 17, 2008
1321:(February 13, 2000).
1160:. BBC. June 9, 2005.
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466:improve this section
452:deal primarily with
313:) plantation in the
266:), vegetables (e.g.
168:developing countries
1635:. North Country Now
1489:"SCOPE methodology"
845:Human uses of fungi
524:subsistence farmers
331:subtropical climate
85:developed countries
1815:2010-07-10 at the
1466:2012-06-19 at the
1229:. The World Bank.
1133:on January 9, 2018
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700:is a cash crop of
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526:. For example, in
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377:In regions with a
329:In regions with a
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965:978-0-511-12392-4
708:Global cash crops
498:
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421:on the ranges of
315:Cameron Highlands
236:temperate climate
199:Per climate zones
112:supply and demand
32:Cash Crop (album)
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1792:. Retrieved
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1729:. Retrieved
1714:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:
1678:. Retrieved
1674:the original
1669:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:"Cash Crops"
1637:. Retrieved
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1564:the original
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1534:. Retrieved
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1261:The Guardian
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1131:the original
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898:
870:Monocropping
774:black market
760:
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546:, fruit and
528:Burkina Faso
521:
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484:
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376:
359:pomegranates
328:
310:
292:strawberries
233:
217:
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161:
139:
104:global scope
97:
89:smallholders
82:
63:agricultural
58:
54:
52:
1783:: 283–294.
1062:: 135–163.
885:Staple food
875:Polyculture
865:Monoculture
825:Energy crop
812:Food portal
778:Jon Gettman
738:smallholder
654:baby boomer
582:plantations
361:, and some
325:Subtropical
296:raspberries
189:Group of 22
156:cocoa beans
152:West Africa
116:bumper crop
74:staple crop
59:profit crop
1827:Categories
1794:2022-05-14
1742:1576076954
1573:2020-04-09
1499:2014-10-10
940:2024-07-02
891:References
830:Fiber crop
671:Washington
663:California
634:See also:
624:depreciate
391:sugar cane
363:vegetables
87:and among
1078:1543-5938
1013:CNN Money
726:cosmetics
600:Australia
595:Australia
478:June 2012
470:talk page
260:grapeseed
230:Temperate
55:cash crop
18:Cash-crop
1813:Archived
1758:April 4,
1731:April 9,
1700:April 4,
1680:April 4,
1656:April 4,
1639:April 3,
1622:April 4,
1602:April 4,
1597:BBC News
1536:April 3,
1530:Archived
1526:ABC News
1464:Archived
1444:April 7,
1418:April 6,
1409:Archived
1386:April 3,
1380:Archived
1359:April 3,
1353:Archived
1333:April 4,
1327:Archived
1303:April 4,
1297:Archived
1271:April 6,
1265:Archived
1240:April 6,
1231:Archived
1204:April 4,
1198:Archived
1168:April 4,
1162:Archived
1137:April 6,
1023:April 3,
1017:Archived
992:April 9,
935:Statista
915:April 3,
909:Archived
784:See also
770:cannabis
755:cannabis
614:Italy's
561:and the
464:You may
427:diseases
415:palm oil
411:oil palm
373:Tropical
335:soybeans
319:Malaysia
288:cherries
268:potatoes
144:Cameroon
61:, is an
1810:FAOSTAT
1670:The Age
1101:5301713
702:Vietnam
698:Coconut
693:Vietnam
667:Florida
645:Oranges
620:tobacco
604:lentils
579:biofuel
516:biofuel
399:oranges
395:bananas
347:tobacco
181:dumping
172:tariffs
166:. Many
108:freight
1781:Zenodo
1740:
1722:
1099:
1076:
962:
840:Fodder
548:rubber
540:cotton
532:coffee
501:Africa
403:cotton
383:coffee
355:citrus
351:indigo
339:cotton
284:apples
272:Spruce
252:barley
214:Arctic
204:Arctic
185:Cancún
138:tree (
120:Coffee
43:cotton
1838:Crops
1779:(4).
1567:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1234:(PDF)
1227:(PDF)
1058:(1).
722:soaps
610:Italy
559:Japan
544:cocoa
423:pests
387:cocoa
367:herbs
276:Pines
240:wheat
142:) in
136:cacao
100:trade
47:China
1843:Cash
1760:2012
1738:ISBN
1733:2012
1720:ISBN
1702:2012
1682:2012
1658:2012
1641:2012
1624:2012
1604:2012
1538:2012
1446:2012
1420:2012
1388:2012
1361:2012
1335:2012
1305:2012
1273:2012
1242:2012
1206:2012
1170:2012
1139:2012
1097:OCLC
1074:ISSN
1025:2012
994:2012
960:ISBN
917:2012
768:and
762:Coca
724:and
718:milk
716:and
669:and
425:and
407:jute
405:and
365:and
343:rice
280:Firs
256:oats
248:corn
208:The
70:farm
66:crop
1785:doi
1064:doi
714:oil
536:tea
337:),
317:in
307:tea
298:).
244:rye
216:is
1829::
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