459:(1988) delineates four key forms of power—security, production, finance, and knowledge; power is the ability to "provide protection, make things, obtain access to credit, and develop and control authoritative modes of interpreting the world". Strange posits that the most overlooked channel of power is financial access, which consequently becomes the most important one to comprehend; in other words, she argues that one cannot comprehend how the world works without a thorough understanding of international financial markets. To illustrate,
44:
474:(1988) focused on what she called the "market-authority nexus", the see-saw of power between the market and political authority. She maintained that the global market, relative to the nation state, had gained significant power since the 1970s and that a "dangerous gap" was emerging between the two. She considered nation states inflexible, limited by territorial boundaries in a world of fragile intergovernmental co-operation; "Westfailure" is what she called
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498:. There is no state or actor governing the international monetary system and the international financial markets. American banks are made free to pursue their interests since the 1980s strengthened by the possibility to finance American bonds in the world, making a carousel of bond trading with the OPEC and the Eurodollar market. The forces of market integration set by the Bretton Woods system was going through.
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453:, which she considered essential to the character and dynamics of the global economy. She distinguished between relational power (the power to compel A to get B to do something B does not want to do) and structural power (the power to shape and determine the structure of the global political economy).
440:
In the 1980s, she disagreed with claims by other
International Studies scholars that U.S. hegemony was on the decline. Strange was skeptical of static indicators of power, arguing that it was structural power that mattered. In particular, interactions between states and markets mattered. She pointed
423:
She argued that power was central to international political economy. She claimed that in general, "economists simply do not understand how the global economy works" due to a poor understanding of power and an over-reliance on abstract economic models. However, she noted that political scientists
494:. She sets the stakes that international finance has become stronger than states and has been deregularized. The Smithsonian Agreement has been weak leading further to benign neglect from the US, the Eurodollar market and OPEC has been strong undermining the
428:
due to their emphasis on institutions and power. Thus she became one of the earliest campaigners advocating the necessity of studying both politics and economics for international relations scholars. She influenced scholars such as
386:, where she built up the graduate programme in International Political Economy. She also taught in Japan, where between 1993 and 1996 she was several times guest lecturer at Aoyama Gakuin University in Tokyo.
569:
In 1942, she married Denis
Merritt (died 1993); they had one son and one daughter, and the marriage was dissolved in 1955. In 1955 she married Clifford Selly, with whom she had three sons, and one daughter.
546:
which "recognizes a person whose singular intellect, assertiveness, and insight most challenge conventional wisdom and intellectual and organizational complacency in the international studies community."
512:
that complex derivatives, such as credit default swaps, had increased systemic risk in the global financial system. She has been described as a prescient thinker who "foresaw multiple aspects of the
382:, from 1989 to 1993. Strange's final academic post, which she held from 1993 until her death in 1998, was as chair of international relations and professor of international political economy at the
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at LSE, and was the first woman at LSE to hold this chair and professorship. At the LSE, she built
Britain's first graduate program in IPE. While at LSE she held Visiting Professorships at the
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441:
to the superiority of the
American technology sector, dominance in services, and the position of the U.S. dollar as the top international currency as real indicators of lasting power.
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490:(Blackwells, 1986), Susan Strange problemizes the nonsystem that the international monetary system has become. She compares it with a casino whereon the foreign exchange plays as
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389:
She was a major figure in the professional associations in both
Britain and the United States. She was an instrumental founding member and the first treasurer of the
3313:
1805:
Leander, Anna (February 2001). "Dependency Today: Finance, Firms, Mafias and the State: A Review of Susan
Strange's Work from a Developing Country Perspective".
420:. Her 1970 article, "International Economics and International Relations: A Case of Mutual Neglect", laid out her arguments for the need of a discipline of IPE.
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1987:
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Her only autobiographical essay 'I Never Meant to Be an
Academic', was republished online in 2020, and includes stories from her early life to the 1970s.
3333:
319:, she became the youngest White House correspondent of her time. She began lecturing on International Politics at the University College London in 1949.
205:(9 June 1923 – 25 October 1998) was a British political economist, author, and journalist who was "almost single-handedly responsible for creating
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1739:
Friman, H. Richard (August–October 2003). "Caught Up in the
Madness? State Power and Transnational Organized Crime in the Work of Susan Strange".
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to the late 1990s. At the time of her death, she was working on an exposition of her theory of the international money system. Strange argued in
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330:(1971). She set up an influential research group on IPE at the Chatham House in 1971. She played a role in the establishing of the journal
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hosted a two-day conference celebrating and debating the continuing relevance of Susan
Strange's thinking both in and outside academia.
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478:. Markets would be able to flout regulations and reign free, creating more uncertainty and risk in an already chaotic environment.
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437:, arguing that the scholarship on regimes was too state-centric and carried a hidden bias in favor of maintaining U.S. hegemony.
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463:, published in 1986, discusses the dangers of the international financial system, which she considered confirmed by the
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2012:
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for "female students who have submitted an excellent thesis with a research focus on international relations".
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467:. There is a financial "contagion" creating a huge instability in the international financial markets.
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1400:""The persistent myth of lost hegemony," revisited: structural power as a complex network phenomenon"
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International
Economic Relations of the Western World, 1959-1971: International Monetary Relations
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Palan, Ronen (Summer 1999). "Susan Strange 1923–1998: A Great International Relations Theorist".
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Journeys Through World Politics: Autobiographical Reflections of Thirty-four Academic Travellers
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Strange was an influential thinker on global affairs. She played a central role in developing
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326:(formally The Royal Institute of International Affairs). At the Chatham House, she authored
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291:, the other founder of British International Political Economy, she never obtained a PhD.
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Sterling and British Policy: A Political Study of an International Currency in Decline
303: (LSE) in 1943. She raised six children and worked as a financial journalist for
244:
and was the first female academic to have a professorship named after her at the LSE.
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553:"for an outstanding book published in any field of International Studies" each year.
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Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalization, University of Warwick
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Susan Strange Young Scholar Award given by the Center for Global Studies at the
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organised an event on Strange's work which "has enjoyed a renaissance recently".
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University of Warwick Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation
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Strange, Susan, Casino Capitalism, Manchester University Press, 1986, pp. 1–48
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1237:"Beyond the "Sinew of War": The Political Economy of Security as a Subfield"
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965:"The transatlantic divide: Why are American and British IPE so different?"
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in France, and graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics from the
1826:
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Katzenstein, Peter J.; Keohane, Robert O.; Krasner, Stephen D. (1998).
165:
1818:
1363:
America's Global Advantage: US Hegemony and International Cooperation
1196:
Cappella Zielinski, Rosella; Schilde, Kaija; Ripsman, Norrin (2020).
693:
The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy
268:
71:
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1132:"Susan Strange 1923-1998: a great international relations theorist"
374:
She served as professor of international political economy at the
535:
Susan Strange is remembered through the following annual awards:
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504:(University of Manchester Press, 1998) updated the analysis of
676:
Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for World Market Shares
1733:
1449:"International Organization and the Study of World Politics"
1685:
Baker, Ann Pimlott (23 September 2004). "Strange , Susan".
1538:"CSGR Working Paper No. 18/98 "What Theory? The Theory in
1336:
International Political Economy: An Intellectual History
1306:
International Political Economy: An Intellectual History
1279:
International Political Economy: An Intellectual History
1172:
International Political Economy: An Intellectual History
889:"Conference celebrates pioneering work of Susan Strange"
837:
International Political Economy: An Intellectual History
1004:"The revenge of ideas: Karl Polanyi and Susan Strange"
449:
Strange's key contribution to IPE was on the issue of
27:
British international relations and political theorist
1713:
International Relations at LSE: A History of 75 Years
1366:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 18.
549:
Susan Strange Book Prize established in 2010 by the
341:
Montague Burton Professor of International Relations
238:
Montague Burton Professor of International Relations
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Presidents of the International Studies Association
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Academic staff of the European University Institute
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2834:
2671:
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2465:
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2201:
2165:
2127:
2031:
1978:
1945:
1907:
1889:
862:"Susan Strange: a great thinker or a 'journalist'?"
183:
155:
135:
123:
108:
98:
79:
53:
34:
1617:Universität Bonn – Center for Global Studies (CGS)
1107:"I Never Meant to Be an Academic by Susan Strange"
931:"Obituary: Professor Susan Strange | Culture"
929:
412:(IPE) as a field of study, and is a key figure in
393:, and served as the third female president of the
192:, structural power, Westfailure, Casino Capitalism
1711:Harry Bauer & Elisabetta Brighi (Eds) (2003)
1198:"A Political Economy of Global Security Approach"
336:, which is the leading journal dedicated to IPE.
299:Susan Strange earned a first in economics at the
1028:Higgott, Richard; Tooze, Roger (4 August 2023).
651:. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 429–436.
1050:Coleman, William; Sajed, Alina (26 June 2013).
647:. In Kruzel, Joseph; Rosenau, James N. (eds.).
923:
921:
840:. Princeton University Press. pp. 45–51.
322:In 1964, she became a full-time researcher at
2415:
1867:
1613:"EmPOWER! Politics, Policy, and Personality!"
8:
1691:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
404:Scholarship on global politics and economics
3289:Academics of the London School of Economics
1404:European Journal of International Relations
1309:. Princeton University Press. p. 101.
706:Mad Money: When Markets Outgrow Governments
271:). She was the daughter of English aviator
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2422:
2408:
2400:
1874:
1860:
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1339:. Princeton University Press. p. 76.
1282:. Princeton University Press. p. 32.
42:
31:
2119:Chinese school of international relations
1778:Review of International Political Economy
1415:
1252:
1175:. Princeton University Press. p. 8.
1136:Review of International Political Economy
969:Review of International Political Economy
785:
551:British International Studies Association
523:British International Studies Association
445:Power and international financial markets
391:British International Studies Association
333:Review of International Political Economy
263:Susan Strange was born on 9 June 1923 in
234:British International Studies Association
3299:British international relations scholars
770:"Susan Strange: A Critical Appreciation"
763:
761:
759:
757:
591:. London etc.: Oxford University Press.
369:School of Advanced International Studies
287:(LSE) during the Second World War. Like
1715:, London: Millennium Publishing Group,
1688:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1637:
725:
3314:Academics of the University of Warwick
1588:"Susan Strange Best Book Prize | BISA"
1328:
1326:
829:
827:
825:
236:. She was the first woman to hold the
1393:
1391:
1254:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070912
912:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
339:From 1978 to 1988, she served as the
7:
2785:New international division of labour
1002:Halliday, Fred (24 September 2008).
663:from the original on 31 January 2021
542:established in 1998 by the US-based
424:also have a woeful understanding of
1053:Fifty Key Thinkers on Globalization
735:"Obituary: Professor Susan Strange"
645:"'I Never Meant to Be an Academic'"
3324:British women political scientists
2367:
1398:Winecoff, William Kindred (2020).
1241:Annual Review of Political Science
1202:Journal of Global Security Studies
25:
3334:20th-century political scientists
544:International Studies Association
395:International Studies Association
48:Portrait of Susan Strange in 1980
3246:
3236:
3235:
2446:
2384:
1536:Strange, Susan (December 1998).
944:from the original on 25 May 2022
465:1997 Asian financial crisis
209:." Notable publications include
2447:
2069:International political economy
1965:Uneven and combined development
1642:Conan, A. (1971). "(review of)
774:Review of International Studies
514:global financial crisis of 2008
410:international political economy
207:international political economy
190:International political economy
182:
130:International political economy
1883:International relations theory
1142:(2): 121–132. 1 January 1999.
733:Gautam Sen (9 December 1998).
93:, Buckinghamshire, England, UK
1:
3329:British expatriates in France
1494:Macmillan., Palgrave (2015).
376:European University Institute
144:European University Institute
3284:British political scientists
2063:liberal intergovernmentalism
1705:UK public library membership
174:Power (social and political)
2503:Environmental globalization
2478:Anti-globalization movement
1743:. Culture & Conflicts.
1644:Sterling and British Policy
1333:Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).
1303:Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).
1276:Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).
1169:Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).
834:Cohen, Benjamin J. (2008).
657:18561394 (all editions)
328:Sterling and British Policy
211:Sterling and British Policy
147:London School of Economics
3355:
2651:Offshore financial centres
2084:Hegemonic stability theory
1753:10.1177/030437540302800403
1453:International Organization
1056:. Routledge. p. 232.
963:Cohen, Benjamin J (2007).
682:and John S. Henley (1991)
301:London School of Economics
285:London School of Economics
242:London School of Economics
103:London School of Economics
3231:
2437:
2381:
2044:Critical security studies
1734:Susan Strange Web Archive
1465:10.1017/S002081830003558X
981:10.1080/09692290701288277
787:10.1017/s0260210599005318
196:
119:
41:
2493:Democratic globalization
2013:Territorial peace theory
1937:Liberal institutionalism
1417:10.1177/1354066120952876
1372:10.1017/cbo9780511676406
887:London, King's College.
365:Johns Hopkins University
353:University of California
223:The Retreat of the State
2775:Investor-state disputes
2728:Illicit financial flows
2572:Political globalization
2520:Global financial system
2371:International relations
2018:Democratic peace theory
1960:Theories of imperialism
1922:Democratic peace theory
1899:Feminist constructivism
1790:10.1080/096922999347254
1360:Norrlof, Carla (2010).
1148:10.1080/096922999347254
426:international economics
349:University of Minnesota
277:Royal High School, Bath
3116:Christopher Chase-Dunn
2884:Primitive accumulation
2567:Military globalization
2498:Economic globalization
2483:Cultural globalization
1697:10.1093/ref:odnb/71291
1498:. Palgrave Macmillan.
433:. She was a critic of
232:She helped create the
2157:Inter-paradigm debate
1932:Republican liberalism
1807:Third World Quarterly
1563:"Susan Strange Award"
1214:10.1093/jogss/ogaa005
893:King's College London
768:Brown, Chris (1999).
384:University of Warwick
345:Brookings Institution
162:International studies
140:University of Warwick
3319:Chatham House people
3181:Immanuel Wallerstein
2842:Capital accumulation
2708:Endangered languages
2324:Immanuel Wallerstein
2274:Peter J. Katzenstein
2259:Samuel P. Huntington
2178:Historical sociology
2173:International ethics
2059:Intergovernmentalism
1993:Neoclassical realism
1970:World-systems theory
1648:The Economic Journal
1235:Poast, Paul (2019).
1030:"Newsletter Issue 2"
496:Bretton Woods system
3253:Business portal
2812:Transnational crime
2718:Forced displacement
2703:Economic inequality
2577:Trade globalization
2473:Alter-globalization
2391:Politics portal
2214:Zbigniew Brzezinski
2188:State cartel theory
1085:"Presidents of ISA"
540:Susan Strange Award
516:and its aftermath".
357:Columbia University
3309:People from Dorset
3304:Political realists
3026:Andre Gunder Frank
2800:Race to the bottom
2790:North–South divide
2508:Global citizenship
2289:Stephen D. Krasner
1842:Critical Biography
868:. 27 February 2019
627:States and Markets
558:University of Bonn
531:Honours and awards
492:snakes and ladders
472:States and Markets
457:States and Markets
361:the Bologna Center
281:University of Caen
275:. She went to the
219:States and Markets
3261:
3260:
3227:
3226:
3086:K. Anthony Appiah
3081:Daniele Archibugi
2830:
2829:
2619:COVID-19 pandemic
2525:Global governance
2397:
2396:
2089:Copenhagen School
2008:Defensive realism
2003:Offensive realism
1988:Classical realism
1955:Dependency theory
1819:10.1080/713701141
1721:978-0-9544397-0-5
1703:(Subscription or
1654:(324): 998–1000.
1381:978-0-521-76543-5
1346:978-0-691-13569-4
1316:978-0-691-13569-4
1289:978-0-691-13569-4
1182:978-0-691-13569-4
1111:whit.web.ox.ac.uk
847:978-0-691-13569-4
613:Casino Capitalism
506:Casino Capitalism
488:Casino Capitalism
482:Casino Capitalism
461:Casino Capitalism
414:political economy
265:Langton Matravers
215:Casino Capitalism
200:
199:
68:Langton Matravers
18:Casino Capitalism
16:(Redirected from
3346:
3251:
3250:
3239:
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3192:
3101:Jean Baudrillard
3069:
3016:Giovanni Arrighi
3004:
2961:Branko Milanović
2941:Jagdish Bhagwati
2919:
2914:
2805:pollution havens
2770:Invasive species
2674:
2595:
2590:
2540:Global workforce
2450:
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2417:
2410:
2401:
2389:
2388:
2369:
2294:John Mearsheimer
2249:Martha Finnemore
2234:Michael W. Doyle
2166:Other approaches
2114:Intercommunalism
2098:neofunctionalism
2039:Neo-Gramscianism
1927:Capitalist peace
1876:
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1801:
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1646:by S. Strange".
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1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
999:
993:
992:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
933:
925:
916:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
852:
851:
831:
800:
799:
789:
765:
752:
751:
749:
747:
730:
680:John M. Stopford
672:
670:
668:
602:
590:
470:Her analysis in
418:security studies
170:Economic history
86:
63:
61:
46:
32:
21:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3245:
3223:
3204:Thomas Friedman
3190:
3185:
3136:Anthony Giddens
3111:Manuel Castells
3076:Arjun Appadurai
3067:
3065:
3060:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2991:Joseph Stiglitz
2931:Richard Baldwin
2917:
2909:
2903:
2862:Fiscal localism
2826:
2780:McDonaldization
2698:Development aid
2672:
2667:
2636:Multilingualism
2631:Labor arbitrage
2607:Climate justice
2593:
2581:
2535:Global politics
2488:Deglobalization
2461:
2433:
2428:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2353:
2339:Alexander Wendt
2309:Kathryn Sikkink
2299:Hans Morgenthau
2284:Henry Kissinger
2209:Michael Barnett
2197:
2161:
2128:Classifications
2123:
2109:Postcolonialism
2049:Critical theory
2027:
1974:
1941:
1903:
1885:
1880:
1804:
1775:
1738:
1730:
1702:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1660:10.2307/2230361
1641:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1506:
1496:Global politics
1493:
1492:
1488:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1001:
1000:
996:
962:
961:
957:
947:
945:
937:The Independent
927:
926:
919:
911:
907:
897:
895:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
848:
833:
832:
803:
767:
766:
755:
745:
743:
740:The Independent
732:
731:
727:
722:
666:
664:
639:
599:
579:
576:
567:
533:
484:
447:
406:
380:Florence, Italy
315:until 1957. At
297:
261:
186:
158:
148:
146:
142:
99:Alma mater
94:
88:
84:
83:25 October 1998
75:
65:
59:
57:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3243:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Zygmunt Bauman
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2971:Thomas Piketty
2968:
2966:Kevin O'Rourke
2963:
2958:
2956:Michael Hudson
2953:
2948:
2946:Robert Brenner
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2817:Westernization
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2656:Tax inversions
2653:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:Digital divide
2623:
2622:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2602:Climate change
2598:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2395:
2394:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:J. Ann Tickner
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2279:Robert Keohane
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:John Ikenberry
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2229:Daniel Deudney
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:Postpositivism
2131:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2056:
2054:English School
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2032:Other theories
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:Constructivism
1887:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1813:(1): 115–128.
1802:
1784:(2): 121–132.
1773:
1747:(4): 473–489.
1736:
1729:
1728:External links
1726:
1725:
1724:
1709:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1629:
1604:
1592:www.bisa.ac.uk
1579:
1567:www.isanet.org
1554:
1528:
1519:
1504:
1486:
1459:(4): 645–685.
1439:
1387:
1380:
1352:
1345:
1322:
1315:
1295:
1288:
1268:
1247:(1): 223–239.
1227:
1188:
1181:
1161:
1123:
1098:
1076:
1062:
1042:
1020:
994:
955:
917:
905:
879:
853:
846:
801:
780:(3): 531–535.
753:
724:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
703:
690:
673:
641:Strange, Susan
637:
624:
609:
603:
598:978-0192149855
597:
581:Strange, Susan
575:
572:
566:
563:
562:
561:
554:
547:
532:
529:
483:
480:
446:
443:
416:approaches to
405:
402:
296:
293:
260:
257:
198:
197:
194:
193:
187:
184:
181:
180:
178:Macroeconomics
159:
157:Main interests
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137:
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127:
121:
120:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
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89:
87:(aged 75)
81:
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66:
55:
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47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3351:
3340:
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3320:
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3307:
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3300:
3297:
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3285:
3282:
3280:
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3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3220:
3219:Vandana Shiva
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:Saskia Sassen
3169:
3167:
3166:George Ritzer
3164:
3162:
3161:Antonio Negri
3159:
3157:
3156:L. H. M. Ling
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3141:Michael Hardt
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Alfred Crosby
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Susan Strange
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Robert W. Cox
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Jeffrey Sachs
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
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2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2899:World-systems
2897:
2895:
2894:World history
2892:
2890:
2889:Social change
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:Modernization
2865:
2863:
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2858:
2855:
2853:
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2843:
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2837:
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2533:
2531:
2530:Global health
2528:
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2518:
2514:
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2431:Globalization
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2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Kenneth Waltz
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Susan Strange
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
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2272:
2270:
2269:Robert Jervis
2267:
2265:
2262:
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2257:
2255:
2254:Robert Gilpin
2252:
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2242:
2240:
2239:Cynthia Enloe
2237:
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2183:Regime theory
2181:
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2171:
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2158:
2155:
2152:
2151:Great Debates
2148:
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2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
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2110:
2107:
2105:
2104:Postmodernism
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:Functionalism
2092:
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1505:9781137349262
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1008:openDemocracy
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978:
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928:Sen, Gautam.
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3126:Nancy Fraser
3096:Walden Bello
3050:
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3031:Stephen Gill
2951:Jayati Ghosh
2857:Earth system
2723:Human rights
2663:Water crisis
2560:early modern
2329:Stephen Walt
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2145:Reflectivism
2079:Green theory
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3274:1923 births
3209:Naomi Klein
3091:Ulrich Beck
3066:Politics /
3056:Robert Wade
3046:Ronen Palan
3036:Peter Gowan
2986:Amartya Sen
2976:Dani Rodrik
2926:David Autor
2852:Development
2733:Imperialism
2681:Brain drain
2344:Yan Xuetong
2219:Hedley Bull
2193:Geopolitics
2140:Rationalism
2023:Realpolitik
1410:: 209–252.
64:9 June 1923
3268:Categories
3151:Paul Hirst
3146:David Held
3011:Samir Amin
3001:Political
2936:Ravi Batra
2877:history of
2872:ecological
2847:Dependency
2795:Offshoring
2758:scientific
2748:linguistic
2713:Fair trade
2693:Care drain
2646:Tax havens
2641:Population
2550:History of
2358:Categories
2349:Qin Yaqing
2304:Joseph Nye
2224:E. H. Carr
1998:Neorealism
1909:Liberalism
1707:required.)
1636:Review of
975:(2): 208.
913:Baker 2004
720:References
667:31 January
476:Westphalia
259:Early life
60:1923-06-09
3176:John Urry
3068:sociology
2918:Economics
2822:World war
2545:Globality
2513:education
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1540:Mad Money
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1473:0020-8183
1434:222003135
1426:1354-0661
1263:1094-2939
1222:2057-3170
1156:0969-2290
898:23 August
872:4 January
510:Mad Money
502:Mad Money
397:in 1995.
247:In 2024,
229:(1998).
227:Mad Money
91:Aylesbury
3241:Category
2910:scholars
2835:Theories
2743:cultural
2738:academic
2442:Journals
2202:Scholars
2074:Feminism
1917:Idealism
1847:Obituary
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942:Archived
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661:Archived
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583:(1971).
267:(County
251:and the
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115:(father)
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2466:Aspects
2457:Studies
2452:Outline
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1947:Marxism
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1794:JSTOR
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