Reservation in India

234:, thus estimating the group's population at 52 per cent. In 1980, the commission's report recommended that a reserved quota for OBCs of 27 per cent should apply in respect of services and public sector bodies operated by the Union Government. It called for a similar change to admissions to institutes of higher education, except where states already had more generous requirements. It was not until the 1990s that the recommendations were implemented in Union Government jobs. In 2006, the Union government extended reservations for Other Backward Classes in institutes of higher education it substantially funded. In 2019 the government announces the 10% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs for economically weaker section of the general category. 3133:(4) Reservation being an extreme form of protective measure or affirmative action it should be confined to minority of seats. Even though the Constitution does not lay down any specific bar but the constitutional philosophy being against proportional equality the principle of balancing equality ordains reservation, of any manner, not to exceed 50%.", "Reservation in promotion is constitutionally impermissible as once the advantaged and disadvantaged are made equal and are brought in one class or group then any further benefit extended for promotion on the inequality existing prior to being brought in the group would be treating equals unequally. It would not be eradicating the effects of past discrimination but perpetuating it. 2507:, sports professional, media professional or any other vocations of like status. If the husband holds one of the above jobs and the wife does not then the husband's income will be taken into consideration and if the wife holds one of the above jobs then the wife's income will be taken into consideration. The income of the family as a whole will be taken into account because the whole point of the reservation system is to raise the social status of the people that belong to the SC's, ST's and OBCs and if a family's income is high already it is considered that it raises their social status as well. 1388:, the OBC community is divided into OBC A & B. In West Bengal there is no reservation on religious basis but some economically and educationally backward Muslim castes (basis surnames pertaining to different profession e.g. cobbler, weaver etc.) have been included along with their Hindu counterparts in the OBC list namely OBC A and OBC B, in both lists caste from both communities are there. But in higher educational institutes, till now there is no reservation for the OBC community but there is reservation in regard to admission in primary, secondary and higher secondary studies. 349: 2294: • Scheduled Castes (SC) (13%) • Scheduled Tribes (ST) (7%) • Other Backward Classes (OBC) (19%) • • Special Backward Classes (SBC) (2%) • • Nomadic Tribes – A (Vimukta jati) (3%) • • Nomadic Tribes – B (2.5%) • • Nomadic Tribes – C ( 2046: 296: 2108: • Scheduled Castes – 15% • Scheduled Tribes – 6% • Backward Classes (A, B, C, D) – 27% • Physically Handicapped (Blind, Deaf & Dumb and OPH) – 3% (1% each) • Ex-servicemen (APMS only) – 1% (0.5% in general category) • Women – 33.33% (in all categories, means 16.66% in general category) 2182:, 36.01% of the population are EBCs, and 27.13% are OBCs.For SCs, the proposed new quota is 20%, up from the existing 14%. The SC population is estimated at 19.65%. The quota for STs, however, is proposed to be slashed from 10% to 2%. With most of the tribal areas going to Jharkhand after the bifurcation of Bihar in 2000, the tribal population in Bihar is less than 2%. 1415:

have access to political capital through family circles and are faced with the burden of a huge learning curve. Again, women are divided among caste and class lines with this dichotomy playing an important role in deciding how the presence of women in the lowest tier of governance impact the problems faced by the women of the constituency

447:. In 2006, the Supreme Court upheld the amendments but stipulated that the concerned state will have to show, in each case, the existence of "compelling reasons" - which include "backwardness", "inadequacy of representation" and overall "administrative efficiency - before making provisions for reservation. The court further held that these provisions are merely 1537:, criticised the government decision, saying "Such promises will not help the backward section of minorities. It is like befooling them. These people are making tall claims just to win elections". He suggested that instead of promising to give reservations, the government should focus on basic issues of improving administration and governance. 1623:) for increased reservation benefits. They began violently protesting on the streets of Rajasthan and blocked several rail lines. Police firing on Gujjars began a tit-for-tat cycle of violence between Police and Gujjars. The violence ended with 37 people dead. Their move was opposed by the Meenas, the main ST community in Rajasthan. 238:

Article 46 of the Constitution states that "The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."

2219: • Scheduled Castes – 2% • Scheduled Tribes – 12% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% • Physically handicapped - 3% • Ex-servicemen - 2% • Sportspersons - 3% 2249:

In Haryana OBCs are divided into A, B, C categories, each with 11%, 6% and 6% reservation respectively. Reservations in promotions are different, although still based on population. In 2021, Haryana passed a law mandating 75% reservation in private-sector jobs with incomes less than ₹25,000 for local

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in Gujarat. This movement consisted of massive demonstrations across the state, led by Hardik Patel. Later many of these protests turned violent, resulting in curfews across the state and crores worth of damage. Talks with the government broke down, and the violence restarted. After the Jat agitation

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quashed the sub-quota. The court said that the sub-quota has been carved out only on religious lines and not on any other intelligible basis. The court criticized the decision: "In fact, we must express our anguish at the rather casual manner in which the entire issue has been taken up by the central

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The 81st amendment was made to the Constitution to permit the government to treat the backlog of reserved vacancies as a separate and distinct group, to which the ceiling of 50 per cent did not apply. The 82nd amendment inserted a provision in Article 335 to enable states to give concessions to SC/ST

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has not voted on the bill. Critics say gender cannot be held as a basis for reservation alone other factors should also be considered e.g. economic, social conditions of woman candidates especially when applying reservation for educated women. The criticism points that the policy benefits women that

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ruled in 1992 that reservations could not exceed 50 percent, anything above which it judged would violate equal access as guaranteed by the Constitution. It thus put a cap on reservations. However, the recent amendment of the constitution exceeds 50% and also there are state laws that exceed this 50

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We reiterate that the ceiling-limit of 50%, the concept of creamy layer and the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness, inadequacy of representation and overall administrative efficiency are all constitutional requirements without which the structure of equality of opportunity in Article 16 would

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Since Delhi is a Union territory and subject to the Central government, government jobs in Delhi are designated Central Government jobs. In a 2018 Supreme Court decision, it was decided that since Delhi is the capital and no one is an "outsider" there reservations in the territory should follow the

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The Government of Andhra Pradesh introduced a law enabling 4 percent reservations for Muslims in 2004. This law was upheld by the Supreme Court in an interim order in 2010 but it constituted a Constitution bench to look further into the issue. The referral was to examine the constitutional validity

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in education and employment. On 21 July 2021, Karnataka implemented the policy, making the state the first in the country to provide one percent reservation for the transgender community in all government services. The government submitted a report to the High Court in this regard, informing that a

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Gujarat also implemented a 33% reservation for general category women in government jobs. The government also banned reserved category applicants from competing for general category seats, but this was revoked in 2020. Similarly the women reservation was made cutting across all categories in 2020.

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The Reservation in the State of Bihar was increased on 9 November 2023.With the existing 10% quota for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), the effective quota will be 75%. The main beneficiaries are the EBCs and OBCs, whose quota is proposed to be raised from 12% to 25% and 8% to 18% respectively.

2019:

judgement laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50.21 percent quotas, emphasised the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer".

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a). If an individual has migrated recently and temporarily, they can't claim reservation in respect to the migrated state/UT but can claim it in respect to the state/UT of origin. b). If individuals have migrated permanently in the recent past and have a notable population of the community in the

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amongst the erstwhile unreserved category students. The definition of 'economically weaker sections' will be defined by the State from time to time. The constitutional amendment has laid down that they will be restricted to people with household income less than 8 Lakh per annum and those who own

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throughout Maharashtra. Their demands included death for the accused as well as reservations for the Maratha community which makes up 16% of the state's population. Some road blocks turned violent in 2017 and 2018, but overall the protests were peaceful. Their demand was met when the Maharashtra

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In central-government funded higher education institutions, 22.5% of available seats are reserved for Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) students (7.5% for STs, 15% for SCs). This reservation percentage has been raised to 49.5% by including an additional 27% reservation for OBCs. This

2324:

has 47% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs. In addition to vertical reservation, the state gives 30% horizontal reservation to women, 5% to the ex-servicemen (ES), 4% to persons with disability (PWD), 2% to the dependants of freedom fighters (DFF), and 5% to the orphans

217:

In 1954, the Ministry of Education suggested that 20 percent of places should be reserved for the SCs and STs in educational institutions with a provision to relax minimum qualifying marks for admission by 5 percent wherever required. In 1982, it was specified that 15 percent and 7.5 percent of

113:

and backward classes, much of which came into effect in 1902. He provided free education to everyone and opened several hostels to make it easier for them to receive it. He also tried to ensure that people thus educated were suitably employed, and he appealed both for a class-free India and the

237:

The Constitution of India states in article 15(4): "Nothing in or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially, and educationally backward classes of citizens of or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes."

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for admission in educational institutions and government jobs and held that the 50% cap on quota is not inviolable and affirmative action on economic basis may go a long way in eradicating caste-based reservation. This constitutional amendment pushed the total reservation to 59.50% in central

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In the reservation system in India, the central government notifies castes as SC, ST, or OBC categories based on socio-historical background, while exclusion from reservation benefits is determined by an individual's socio-economic status, nativeness, and religion. For SC and ST individuals,

1823:

On 27 October 2015, the Supreme Court directed the state and the Central governments to end the regional quota and to ensure that super-specialty medical courses are kept "unreserved, open and free" from any domicile status after the court had allowed petitions files by some MBBS doctors.

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The Union Government on 22 December 2011 announced the establishment of a sub-quota of 4.5% for religious minorities within the existing 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes. The reasoning given was that Muslim communities that have been granted OBC status are unable to compete with

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In Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, 32% of posts are reserved for females in all government departments and services, such as police, health, education and general administration. From 2015 onwards Kerala has implemented a 55% reservation for all posts of its local self governing bodies.

192:, had to favor it. After negotiations, Gandhi reached an agreement with Ambedkar to have a single Hindu electorate, with backward classes having more seats reserved within it. Electorates for other religions, such as Islam and Sikhism, remained separate. This became known as the 7251: 1641:, and almost ₹34000 crores ($ 4.8 billion) worth of property was damaged and 30 were killed. Bowing to the pressure, the Haryana government created a special category for Jats and other upper castes called BC, and appointed 10% reservation, but the measure was blocked in court. 1339:, OBC reservation is divided into 26.5% Backward Caste, 3.5 Backward Caste (M) and 20% Most Backward Caste and 10.5% sub quota for Vanniyars, introduced by AIADMK in 2020,7% for DNT. The 7.5% for Vanniyars was quashed void by Madras High Court. The SC quota has 3% sub-quota for 2246: • Scheduled Castes – 20% • Other Backward Classes – 23% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% • Ex-servicemen – 5% • Sportspersons – 3% • Physically handicapped – 3% 1448: 2031:

The NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into "backward", "more backward" and "extremely backward" groups and to divide the 27 per cent quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs do not corner the quota benefits.

257:

by a 3:2 verdict in Janhit Abhiyan vs Union Of India Writ Petition (Civil) No(S). 55 OF 2019, upheld the validity of the 103rd constitutional amendment carried out to provide legal sanction carve out 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections from

482:

Government Universities will allot based on the same priority as previously mentioned, along with, reservation percentage under consideration for entrance exams fees, for cut off marks, for allotment of seats and also applicable to other government schemes.

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ceiling area will be excluded from the reservation. They would only be under reservation if the land is exclusively unirrigated. Those with vacant buildings can use them for residential, industrial or commercial purposes, hence they are not covered under

2011:

case when Justice VR Krishna Iyer said that the "benefits of the reservation shall be snatched away by the top creamy layer of the backward class, thus leaving the weakest among the weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole of the cake".

229:

or the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Commission was established to assess the situation of the socially and educationally backward classes. The commission did not have exact population figures for the OBCs and so used data from the

184:. The depressed classes, roughly corresponding to the STs and SCs, were assigned a number of seats to be filled by election from constituencies in which only they could vote, although they could also vote in other seats. The proposal was controversial: 2476:"if the wife of an officer in the armed forces is in civil employment, this will not be taken into account for applying the rule of exclusion unless she falls in the service category under item No.II in which case the criteria and conditions" 2556: 1793: 1636:

to get this status. To this effect they began protesting by blockading roads and lines, but later the protests turned violent. Riots spread to Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh, and even Rajasthan. The epicentre of the violence was in

462:

in 2011. The decision was challenged in the Supreme Court, which upheld it in 2012 by rejecting the government's argument because it failed to furnish sufficient valid data to justify the move to promote employees on a caste basis.

211:(SCs and STs) and after the 1980s in favour of OBCs (Other Backward Castes) and in 2019 for poor in the general category. The country's affirmative action program was launched in 1950 and is the oldest such programme in the world. 1683:

government instituted a special SEBC (Socially and Educationally Backward Classes) category for them with 16% reservation. The Supreme Court of India later however, declared the SEBC reservation for Marathas as unconstitutional.

1426:

was given ascension after having been introduced during the Special Session of the Parliament of India. The amendment seeks to allocate 33 percent of the seats in the Lok Sabha and elected state legislative assemblies for women.

2023:

The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 1 lakh in 1993 and revised to Rs 2.5 lakh in 2004, ₹4.5 lakh in 2008 and ₹6 lakh in 2013, but now the ceiling has been raised to ₹8 lakh (in September 2017). In October 2015, the

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has a quota of 12% for Muslims. Religious minority (Muslim or Christian) educational institutes also have 50% reservation for Muslim or Christian religions. The Central government has listed a number of Muslim communities as

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government has allotted 3.5% of seats each to Muslims and Christians, thereby altering the OBC reservation to 23% from 30% (since it excludes persons belonging to Other Backward Castes who are either Muslims or Christians).

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struck down the order and directed the Tamil Nadu government to provide 1% horizontal reservations to the transgender community in education and employment, ruling that the GO violated Articles 14, 15, 16, 19 and 21 of the

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government passed the first Communal Government Order (G. O. # 613), thereby becoming the first elected body in the Indian legislative history to legislate reservations, which have since become standard across the country.

1946:

Applicable. Those families with 'Residential plot of 100 sq. yards and above in notified municipalities' are not eligible. Those families with 'Residential plot of 200 sq. yards and above in other areas' are not eligible.

451:. If a state government wishes to make provisions for reservation to SC/STs in the promotion, the state has to collect quantifiable data showing backwardness of the class and inadequacy of representation of that class. 2192: • Scheduled Castes – 12% ( now 16%) • Scheduled Tribes – 32% ( now 20%) • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – no provision 2761:

Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Indian Central Government Institutions Like IITs, IIMs and AIIMS – A Study of the Role of Media Fuzzy Super FRM Models: A Study of the Role of Media Using Fuzzy Super Frm

4225: 1440:

notification had already been issued after amending the Karnataka Civil Service. The job could be given to males or females, from the same category, in case of the non-availability of transgender candidates.

2174:, Bihar has a sub-quota within OBC quota of 18% for Extremely Backward Castes (EBCs) and 3% for Backward Caste women in government jobs and educational institutes. EWS reservation was implemented in 2019. 1894:

Applicable. Those with 'Annual family income of 8 lakhs' and above are not eligible. While calculating annual family income, all types of income – (including salary and agricultural income) are included.

4296: 118:. His 1902 measures created 50 percent reservation for backward communities. In 1918, at the behest of several non-Brahmin organizations criticizing Brahmin domination of administration, the Mysore Raja 3434: 5491: 5414: 1678:, the dominant caste of Maharashtra, have been agitating for OBC status since the 1990s. In 2016, after the rape and murder of a 15-year old Maratha girl in Kopardi, the Maratha community organized 7715: 3402: 4526: 6467: 5867: 5311: 1423: 4099: 2111:

Andhra Pradesh BC quota has sub-quotas for castes, classified in A, B, C and D. Addition of disabled, ex-serviceman, women in general category 16.66% makes total reservation percentage 66.66%.

2105:

Andhra Pradesh state percentage of reservation is around 50%. Including the overall 1/3 reservation for women, 66.66% of seats are reserved in Andhra Pradesh in Education and Government jobs.

413:

The landmark initiative of Special Recruitment for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe in Government jobs was started in Kerala in 1972 by Vella Eacharan. The 1993 Supreme Court ruling in the

425: 2281: • Scheduled Castes – 10% • Scheduled Tribes – 26% • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2705: 266:

On 1 August 2024, the Supreme Court of India ruled 6:1 in favor of permitting states to create sub-quotas for Scheduled Castes and Tribes within their reservation schemes. Chief Justice

2318: • Scheduled Castes – 19% • Scheduled Tribes – 4% • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2232: • Scheduled Castes – 7% • Scheduled Tribes – 15% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2131: • Scheduled Castes – 7% • Scheduled Tribes – 15% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 5125: 2167: • Scheduled Castes – 20% • Scheduled Tribes – 2% • Other Backward Classes – 43% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2260: • Scheduled Castes – 25% • Scheduled Tribes – 4% • Other Backward Classes – 20% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 1373:

In Northeast India, e.g. in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, reservation for ST in State Govt. jobs is 80% with only 20% unreserved. In the Central Universities of

5362: 4538: 214:

A common form of caste discrimination in India was the practice of untouchability. SCs were the primary targets of the practice, which was outlawed by the new Constitution of India.

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Gujarat was one of the first states to implement EWS reservation, which applies to general category candidates with less than ₹8 lakhs income, not including other assets like land.

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Included among this category are Class I or Class II officers, unless dead or incapacitated. The criteria used for Group A and B are the same as the employees of the Public sector.

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announced Assembly elections in five states on 24 December 2011. The government would not have been able to announce this due to the model code of conduct. On 12 January 2012, the

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Applicable. Children of governmental staff belonging to 'Group A' or equivalent categories are not eligible for OBC reservation. There are some criteria for 'Group B' staff also.

8410: 4320: 4257: 3578: 3603: 5210: 5059: 4235: 2437:, members of the State Public Service Commission, Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller Auditor-General of India or any person holding positions of a constitutional nature. 1465: 1891:

Applicable. Annual family (other) income of 8 lakhs. Only 'Other Income' is considered. Salary and agricultural income not included while calculating annual family income.

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ratio is followed even in Parliament and all elections where a few constituencies are earmarked for those from certain communities (which will next rotate in 2026 per the

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case said that reservations in job promotions are "unconstitutional" or not in accordance with the political constitution but allowed its continuation for five years.

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provided the lone dissent, saying that states did not have the power to "tinker" with the 1950 Presidential List and that the sub-quotas violated Article 14. Justice

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before the five-year period expired to continue with reservations for SC/STs in promotions. It was further modified through the 85th amendment to give the benefit of

142:

and there were many other measures put in place prior to independence. The depressed classes were provided some seats in 1919 before seeing further increase in 1925.

5388: 5079: 3937: 3636: 421: 3669: 3199: 7903: 7324: 5812: 5158: 4060: 410:

Government and public sector hiring based on merit in open category and one more anomaly here i.e., priority in hiring is the same as for the reserved category.

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In India student aids are available for—SCs, STs, BCs, OBCs, women, Muslims, and other minorities. Only about 0.7% of student aids in India is based on merit.

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collapse.", "As stated above, the impugned provision is an enabling provision. The State is not bound to make reservation for SC/ST in matter of promotions.

8405: 7105: 6730: 5465: 4449: 4167: 3274: 2349: 2016: 414: 2680: 7875: 7427: 5862: 4751: 3466: 1593:(OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education. This move led to massive protests, particularly from students and doctors belonging to the 5336: 5013: 4133: 1820:(NIT) and Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) have provision of reservation in admission process for undergraduate and graduate programs. 7480: 7297: 7181: 6961: 6653: 5611: 4400: 8757: 3545: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8342: 7951: 7918: 4199: 2025: 699: 3145: 7939: 5915: 5099: 5039: 1692: 7201: 6308: 6085: 5757: 2552: 2028:(NCBC) proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to ₹15 lakh should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC. 1789: 282:

concurred with Chief Justice Chandrachud, but added that the 'creamy layer' concept that applied to OBCs should apply to SC/ST groups as well.

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In 2014, the quota for OBC reservation was raised from 19.5% to 27%. In June 2019, Goa implemented EWS reservation in jobs and education.

1577:

The 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests were a series of protests that took place in India in 2006 in opposition to the decision of the

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introduced reservation in job promotions. However, citing the Supreme Court decision, the policy was ruled to be unconstitutional by the

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While hiring, major priority is given to reservation category including 33% reservation for Women, priority in hiring is given by :

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provided 44% reservation to Non-Brahmin Hindus, 16% to Brahmins, Muslims, Christians, and Anglo-Indians, and 8% to Scheduled Castes.

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Shourie, Arun (2012). Falling over backwards: An essay on reservations and judicial populism. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers.

3962: 2205: • Scheduled Castes - 15% • Scheduled Tribes - 7% • Other Backward Classes - 27% 1653:

began in 2016, the Patidars flared up again and led a march through Gujarat, but protests in several cities turned violent and the

4898:"Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWSs) in direct recruitment in civil posts and services in the Government of India" 4431: 4374: 8415: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7412: 7382: 6487: 6452: 6229: 2470:(i.e., the category under consideration) the rule of exclusion will apply only when she herself has reached the rank of Colonel." 2374: 1500: 496: 135: 122:

created a committee to implement reservations for non-Brahmins in government jobs and education over the opposition of his Diwan

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The validity of all the above four amendments was challenged in the Supreme Court through various petitions clubbed together in

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community in Andhra Pradesh began leading protests to be classified in Backward Classes. The agitation became violent when in

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has commented that these criteria cover almost 100 percent of the population. Several petitions have been filed before the

8747: 8721: 8491: 8390: 8071: 7934: 7696: 7490: 7407: 7246: 6996: 6672: 6632: 6376: 4185: 2179: 2139: 1649: 1616: 1374: 76:, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens". 8335: 8081: 7976: 7656: 7548: 7448: 7367: 6918: 6366: 6122: 2564: 2560: 2334: 1801: 1797: 1696: 1526: 1522: 1093: 364:

Government and public sector will hire job seekers based on reservation percentage from two different categories :

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candidates. However, the Punjab and Haryana High Court has quashed this law in 2023 asserting it was unconstitutional.

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stayed implementation of this decision for violation of the model code of conduct. Later, Justice Sachar, head of the

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SC individuals who have converted to Christianity or its progeny generally fall into OBC categories in most states.

199:

In 1942, the Scheduled Castes gained 8.5% reservation in central services and other facilities for the first time.

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6. Is the criteria of 'Limit on residential plot area' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1917:

5. Is the criteria of 'Limit on residential flat area' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

8683: 8277: 7762: 7618: 7593: 7362: 6991: 6943: 6933: 6893: 6883: 6517: 6472: 6432: 6406: 6386: 6163: 6112: 6070: 5951: 4737: 4606:"Judgement Writ Petition (Civil) No.930 of 1990 – Indira Sawhney Versus Union of India And others (16.11.1992)" 3579:"THE CONSTITUTION (EIGHTY THIRD AMENDMENT) ACT 2000|Legislative Department | Ministry of Law and Justice | GoI" 3088: 1626:

In 2019, the agitation restarted as Gujjars demanded 5% reservation, and began blocking trains to this effect.

1582: 444: 279: 139: 5586:"Bill for 16% Maratha quota for PG Medical admission passes Maharashtra legislature test - Key points to know" 4015: 3695: 5286:"Chhattisgarh: Ordinance on OBC quota hike to 27% has lapsed, says high court | Raipur News - Times of India" 1780:

Institutions of Excellence, research institutions, Institutions of National and Strategic Importance such as

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4. Is the criteria of 'Limit on agricultural land' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1808:(Dehradun) do not have reservations for higher education. However Institutes of National Importance such as 1672:

which had just been made opposition, tabled a bill to have a 5% sub-quota for Kapus out of EWS reservation.

1378: 306: 274:

should be interpreted to mean "that the same law should apply to those who are similarly situated." Justice

119: 2209:

all-India pattern. Furthermore, these reserved jobs are open from reserved communities from outside Delhi.

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in medical colleges under the OBC category. In November 2020, Assam's cabinet extended this reservation to

222:

and government-aided educational institutes should be reserved for the SC and ST candidates, respectively.

8220: 7860: 7816: 7691: 7623: 7613: 7578: 7216: 7211: 7060: 6873: 6868: 6814: 6735: 6505: 6500: 6477: 6313: 5800: 5637: 5441:"Reservation Policy | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana" 4873:"Rs 8 lakh income criterion for EWS more stringent than one for OBC creamy layer: Centre to Supreme Court" 4551: 3734: 2384: 1707: 1702: 1590: 1533:

that was commissioned to prepare a report on the latest social, economic and educational condition of the

254: 242: 8762: 8652: 8501: 8420: 8370: 8351: 8181: 8054: 8039: 7908: 7885: 7603: 7453: 7377: 7329: 7319: 6908: 6856: 6841: 6282: 6203: 6132: 6127: 5920: 5885: 5827: 5743: 3095: 3075: 2492: 1744:

For OBC's people the following categories are not entitled to take advantage of the reservation system:

1679: 1461: 353: 271: 127: 90: 55: 4953: 2619:"Right to reservation is not a fundamental right, observes SC judge as parties withdraw plea for quota" 4691: 1733:

For SC individuals, the following categories are not entitled to benefit from the reservation system:

1723:

For ST individuals, the following categories are not entitled to benefit from the reservation system:

471:

Universities allot seats based on reservation percentage from the same two categories, that is :

250:, the caste-based reservation stands at 69 percent and applies to about 87 percent of the population. 8543: 7966: 7701: 7639: 7608: 7598: 7558: 7553: 7292: 7231: 6878: 6861: 6338: 2488: 1452: 521: 459: 97:. Demands for various forms of positive discrimination has been made, for example, in 1882 and 1891. 5731:

https://m.thewire.in/article/government/jharkhand-raises-reservations-for-sc-st-obc-ews-groups-to-77

4577: 8642: 8590: 8257: 8250: 8245: 8044: 7981: 7971: 7767: 7735: 7706: 7100: 7055: 7019: 6938: 6745: 6722: 6495: 6090: 5999: 2500: 2467: 1754: 1578: 1472: 59: 1952:

7. Is this reserved category eligible for applying in the general (merit/ non-reserved) category?

1350:

in addition to the reservation for SC/ST/OBC, there is 2% for SBCs, 3% for Nomadic Tribes – NT-A (

8554: 8201: 8186: 8153: 8103: 8066: 7843: 7806: 7676: 7583: 7538: 7533: 7372: 7357: 7336: 7266: 7241: 7186: 7075: 7070: 7065: 6762: 6262: 6137: 6107: 6060: 6027: 5842: 5312:"Delhi to follow pan India rule for SC/ST reservation, people from other states are entitled: SC" 5084: 5064: 5044: 4325: 4301: 4230: 4179: 3911: 3495: 3439: 3407: 3164: 3027: 2912: 2426: 1865:

2. Is the criteria of 'Government Jobs' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1669: 1654: 1559:

Mandal commission protests of 1990 were against reservation in government jobs based on caste in

1436: 47: 31: 1410:

on 9 March 2010 by a majority vote of 186 members in favor and 1 against. As of March 2013, the

246:

percent limit and these are under litigation in the Supreme Court. For example, in the State of

4666: 1435:

In 2017, a drafting committee in Karnataka crafted the a policy to create a 1% reservation for

8595: 8240: 8230: 8225: 8128: 8113: 7848: 7730: 7725: 7588: 7568: 7563: 7475: 7470: 7287: 7236: 7047: 6846: 6710: 6411: 6065: 5672: 5259: 5133: 4778:"Weeks before UP polls, Modi govt shelves proposal to change eligibility for OBC creamy layer" 4141: 4107: 4079: 4023: 3917: 3644: 3611: 3553: 2839: 2812: 2766: 2759: 2738: 2737:. International Review of Social History Supplements. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. 2626: 2143: 1969:

8. Is the general category (non-reserved/ merit) eligible to apply in this reserved category?

1882:

3. Is the criteria of 'Income Limit' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1456: 1351: 585: 348: 226: 173: 146: 98: 5542: 2833: 2806: 2732: 8466: 8168: 8123: 8118: 8018: 7991: 7838: 7649: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7463: 7352: 7307: 7128: 7037: 6809: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6667: 6396: 6356: 6318: 6287: 5989: 5817: 5807: 5777: 5492:"High Court sets aside Haryana law guaranteeing 75% reservation to locals in private sector" 3938:"Local body polls: Women fight on two fronts as parties reluctant to give out general seats" 3520: 2938: 2904: 2460: 2264: 1620: 1530: 817: 516: 511: 157: 3765: 2972: 2455:

High ranks include the rank of colonel and above in the army or in equivalent posts in the

1912:

Applicable. Those families with '5 acres of agricultural land and above' are not eligible.

8395: 8267: 8191: 8098: 7779: 7757: 7681: 7458: 6582: 6577: 6567: 6560: 6328: 6183: 6168: 5994: 5877: 3146:"Quotas for poor among 'forward castes' upheld: Here's the case and what the SC has ruled" 2835:

Law and Democracy in Contemporary India: Constitution, Contact Zone, and Performing Rights

2299: 2171: 1675: 1359: 207:

After the independence of India in 1947 there were some major initiatives in favor of the

123: 4925: 4719: 3989:"Karnataka Is The First State To Provide 1% Reservation To Transgenders In Govt Services" 3837:"Reservations for Women in Kerala's Local Self-government Institutions: A Mere Tokenism?" 3050:"How changes in the reservation system in 2006 sowed the seeds for today's campus tumult" 2592: 4282: 8564: 8451: 8430: 8294: 8262: 8208: 8158: 8148: 8049: 7870: 7752: 7528: 6663: 6391: 6381: 6193: 6055: 6050: 6022: 5979: 5974: 5910: 4897: 4378: 4061:"Madras HC directs TN government to implement horizontal reservation for trans persons" 2517: 2496: 2369: 1534: 934: 539: 189: 185: 161: 115: 106: 102: 35: 4645: 3814: 1719:

pre-exclusion criteria are employed, while post-exclusion criteria are used for OBCs.

8736: 8647: 8549: 8196: 8059: 7784: 7302: 7261: 6589: 6545: 6442: 6017: 5956: 5925: 5905: 5900: 3836: 2504: 2354: 2151: 1929:

Applicable. Those with 'Residential flat of 1000 sq. ft and above' are not eligible.

1594: 1340: 1258: 1115: 499:). Some states and UTs have reservations for females which varies from 5% to 33.33%. 259: 219: 177: 4705: 4047: 2407:

migrated state/UT, the community is mostly notified as OBC or, in some cases, as SC.

8559: 8133: 7312: 7282: 6829: 6292: 6009: 5895: 4450:"Andhra's caste reservation protests to return? Garp leaders chalk out action plan" 3354: 3332: 3310: 3288: 2473:"the service ranks below Colonel of husband and wife shall not be clubbed together" 1998: 1771: 1661: 675: 448: 275: 5363:"Goa and J&K govt order 10% EWS quota to be implemented in jobs and education" 5159:"Assam Becomes Fourth State to Approve 10% Quota for Economically Weaker Sections" 5440: 2433:, Judges of the Supreme Court of India, the High Courts chairman, the members of 1455:

status as a caste identity if lacking a community certificate. In June 2024, the

17: 8657: 8213: 7417: 7032: 7027: 6755: 6572: 6555: 6447: 6075: 6042: 5984: 5966: 5930: 3002: 2456: 2339: 2321: 2305: 2147: 2045: 1598: 1476: 1407: 1385: 1347: 1306: 1282: 958: 913: 295: 94: 51: 5126:"Poll-bound Assam reserves medical seats for 3 communities demanding ST status" 5060:"OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent" 4527:

ET Explains: What is Constitution (One Hundred And third Amendment) Bill, 2019?

3604:"Patna high court strikes down Bihar govt's 65% reservation in jobs, education" 2706:"Reserved uncertainty or deserved certainty? Reservation debate back in Mysuru" 2271:

districts, percentage of ST reserved seats in government jobs are much higher.

8667: 8456: 7256: 7148: 6550: 6234: 6032: 4632: 4605: 2195:

Chhattisgarh: Ordinance on OBC quota hike to 27% has lapsed, says high court.

1491: 1444: 1336: 1187: 654: 247: 193: 5389:"Gujarat government in fix over its resolution for open category reservation" 5263: 5252:"10% reservation for EWS will be implemented in Bihar too, says Nitish Kumar" 5137: 4828:"Form of Certificate to be Produced by a Candidate Belonging to Ews Category" 4539:

In-depth: Who is eligible for the new reservation quota for general category?

4145: 4111: 4027: 3648: 3615: 3557: 2838:. Human Rights Interventions. Springer International Publishing. p. 33. 2630: 2557:

North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

1794:

North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

188:

fasted in protest against it but many among the depressed classes, including

6750: 4998: 4174:. Vol. 24, no. 22. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. 4100:"Calcutta HC orders 1% transgender quota in govt employments in West Bengal" 3184: 3121:"Indra Sawhney Etc. vs Union of India And Others, Etc. on 16 November, 1992" 2521: 1411: 1210: 1138: 1006: 865: 841: 181: 89:

Quota systems favouring certain castes and other communities existed before

4968:"For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector" 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 3120: 1597:, who claimed that the government's proposal was discriminatory, discarded 5415:"Gujarat govt sends EWS quota proposal to Centre to implement in colleges" 3378:"M.Nagaraj & Others vs Union of India & Others on 19 October 2006" 3180:"Reservation policy cannot stay for indefinite period, says Supreme Court" 8574: 7153: 6188: 6102: 5211:"203 castes in Bihar to choose from as 2nd leg of survey begins April 15" 3435:"Supreme Court upholds High court's decision to quash quota in promotion" 2662: 2263:

In the Scheduled Areas which have a very high percentage of STs, such as

2135: 1603: 1048: 5014:"'Can't keep SC/ST creamy layer out of quota benefits' - Times of India" 3275:"BJP's OBC pitch: How stronger new backward classes panel will function" 2134:

Assam provides sub quotas for several other communities such as Morans,

8569: 8527: 8435: 4752:"Supreme Court keeps stated salary and agriculture out of creamy layer" 3720: 3670:"Supreme Court throws out Maratha quota law, cites 50% reservation cap" 3160:"Supreme Court upholds EWS quota in 3-2 split verdict, CJI in minority" 2916: 2593:"Reservation Is About Adequate Representation, Not Poverty Eradication" 2295: 2070: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1645: 1632:

have been demanding OBC status since the 1990s. In 2016, they began an

1521:

OBC communities. It was alleged that the decision was announced as the

1363: 1355: 1234: 1027: 983: 794: 770: 320: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 165: 110: 3377: 2681:"Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, a reformer ahead of his time" 2463:, and the Paramilitary Force. But that will hold true provided that- 2308:

has 62% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs.

1638: 1487:

Constitution of India debars reservation based on religion in India.

1367: 1163: 1069: 889: 5080:"OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt" 3793: 2908: 2534:

This income does not include salaried income and agricultural income

164:, according to which separate representation was to be provided for 3637:"No error in junking Maratha quota, won't review it: Supreme Court" 3225:"Sub-Classification Within Reserved Categories | Judgement Summary" 3001:. Economic and Political Weekly. pp. 1203–1207. Archived from 2302:) (2%) • Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) – 10% 2284:

BC are currently classified as being in Annexure 1 and Annexure 2.

8532: 8365: 6323: 5518:"Jharkhand Raises Reservations for SC, ST, OBC, EWS Groups to 77%" 4476:"Why trouble is brewing in Andhra over Garp reservation once more" 3250:"Sub-Classification Within Reserved Categories | Judgement Matrix" 2895:

Passin, Herbert (October 1955). "Untouchability in the Far East".

2298:) (3.5%) • • Nomadic Tribes – D ( 1760:

Children of professionals and those engaged in trade and industry.

1736:

Immigration from a Scheduled State/UT to a non-Scheduled State/UT.

1726:

Immigration from a Scheduled State/UT to a non-Scheduled State/UT.

1560: 1518: 722: 630: 606: 347: 169: 8320: 3885:"Gujarat increases women's reservation to 33% in government jobs" 1693:

Constitution (One Hundred And Twenty-Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019

7913: 5725: 4432:"Jats, Marathas, and Patels Want Quotas, But Do They Need Them?" 3859:"33% reservation for women in all Gujarat state government jobs" 3794:"Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal" 1739:

Professing religions other than Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.

1665: 1629: 1451:

issued a government order classifying transgender persons under

8324: 8012: 7126: 6708: 6260: 5775: 5739: 5735: 5543:"List of Castes under Category BC (ANNEXURE -II ) in Jharkhand" 2503:, film artist or other film professionals, author, playwright, 371:

Open category (General, SC, ST, OBC, EWS and other minorities).

34:

of Native Americans (dubbed "Indians") in the United States or

2154:. These six communities are demanding Scheduled Tribe status. 2039: 746: 289: 2487:

If a person has a high paying job such as physician, lawyer,

1747:

Children of officials in high office as per the Constitution.

5466:"Is Haryana's new reservation law constitutionally tenable?" 4994:"Plea to reconsider judgement in Indra Sawhney case of 1992" 2121:

Arunachal Pradesh has 80% reservation for Scheduled Tribes.

1424:

One Hundred and Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India

368:

Reservation category (SC, ST, OBC, EWS and other minorities)

5226:"EBC: Nitish bats for EBC quota in central jobs, varsities" 4502:"Supreme Court declares Maratha quota law unconstitutional" 4401:"10 trains affected as Gujjar quota agitation enters Day 3" 3200:"Validity of Sub-Classification Within Reserved Categories" 126:, who resigned in protest. On 16 September 1921, the first 5715: 5710: 4321:"Election Commission stalls 4.5% sub-quota in poll states" 2734:

Complicating Categories: Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity

4852:"Advertisement of Non-Faculty Posts (02/2023 to 06/2023)" 4016:"Withholding of my appointment orders unfair: transwoman" 3788: 3786: 5612:"Cabinet approves 10% quota for EWS in general category" 3028:"Implementation of Recommendations of Mandal Commission" 2811:(Reprinted ed.). Orient Blackswan. pp. 49–50. 5185:"Bihar assembly clears bill to hike reservation to 75%" 4926:"Supreme Court Of India – Judgement Information System" 4283:"Reservation chart by Kerala Public Service Commission" 2466:"the wife of an armed forces officer is herself in the 1986:

Note: The above table is valid as of January 31, 2023.

441:

M. Nagaraj & Others Vs. Union of India & Others

5720: 4297:"4.5% quota fails to impress Muslims in Uttar Pradesh" 3841:

International Journal of Law Management and Humanities

6962:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

4353:"Govt trying to befool minorities with quota: Sachar" 3913:

Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination

2656:"Rethinking Reservation in Higher EDUCATION in India" 4940:"Scourge of reservation: The invisible creamy layer" 3467:"Guess how many Indians get merit-based scholarship" 1615:

In 2008 and 2010, the Gujjar community in Rajasthan

8709: 8676: 8635: 8619: 8583: 8520: 8444: 8358: 8167: 8032: 7927: 7896: 7632: 7501: 7441: 7393: 7345: 7275: 7162: 7139: 7046: 7018: 6952: 6901: 6892: 6828: 6721: 6646: 6598: 6536: 6425: 6337: 6301: 6273: 6217: 6146: 6041: 6008: 5965: 5944: 5876: 5788: 4375:"HC Quashes Centre's 4.5% Sub-Quota for Minorities" 1668:, Kapu protestors set trains on fire. In 2019, the 1466:

National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India

352:Caste reservations in universities and jobs of the 6810:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 5684:"What If Reservations Had Come To An End In 1960?" 5560:"Political reservation for OBCs, now a Maha issue" 5337:"Goa govt increases quota for OBCs in jobs to 27%" 5100:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 5040:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 4258:"Centre Seeks SCs approval on Muslim Reservation" 4048:https://www.mrb.tn.gov.in/GOs/bcmbc_e_28_2015.pdf 3963:"Transgender policy cleared by Karnataka cabinet" 3815:"BCW Department-Govt of West Bengal, Reservation" 2402: 2400: 2157:In January 2019, Assam approved EWS reservation. 407:and then after Open category will be considered. 4692:"Two-Year Post Graduate Programme in Management" 4552:"Challenge to reservation for economically poor" 3766:"Status of Reservation of OBC in Various States" 2661:. ILI Law Review. pp. 29–30. Archived from 2649: 2647: 1766:Children of people with annual income exceeding 1331:The exact percentages vary from state to state: 4059:Sigamany, Azeefa Fathima, Vidya (2 June 2024). 3696:"Department Of Personnel | State Portal-Sikkim" 2958: 2956: 2520:area which is equal to or more than 85% of the 2425:Included among the high office holders are the 4803:"Govt takes OBC creamy layer to drawing board" 1848:1. Reservation % of Government of India. 1479:to establish a 1% quota in public employment. 443:, mainly on the ground that these altered the 38:of First Nations (dubbed "Indians") in Canada. 8336: 5751: 3546:"A.P. govt announces 10% reservation for EWS" 3403:"Promotion quota not legally sustainable: HC" 2516:Included in this category are those who have 1750:Children of civil servants in high positions. 432:to SC/ST candidates promoted by reservation. 8: 5726:Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment 4226:"Supreme Court to hear govt on Muslim quota" 4200:"Interim relief to AP on Muslim reservation" 4084:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2545:Centre for Development of Advanced Computing 2017:Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India 1782:Centre for Development of Advanced Computing 1710:challenging the legality of this amendment. 1695:which provided 10% additional quota for the 1381:, 60% of seats are reserved for ST students. 415:Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India 225:A significant change began in 1979 when the 5638:"Determination of Post Based Roster Policy" 4694:. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. 4646:"Press Information Bureau English Releases" 3735:"Determination of Post Based Roster Policy" 3721:"Telangana State Public Service Commission" 2350:Court cases related to reservation in India 8343: 8329: 8321: 8029: 8009: 7136: 7123: 6898: 6834: 6718: 6705: 6270: 6257: 5785: 5772: 5758: 5744: 5736: 4859:National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 3916:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 19. 3115: 3113: 503:Percentages of reservation for each state 501: 138:introduced elements of reservation in the 6972:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 6852:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 4722:. National Institute of Technology Patna. 2086:Learn how and when to remove this message 336:Learn how and when to remove this message 109:, introduced reservation in favor of non- 8611:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 8606:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 8601:National Commission for Backward Classes 6914:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 5721:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 5716:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 5711:National Commission for Backward Classes 5310:Choudhary, Amit Anand (30 August 2018). 4613:National Commission for Backward Classes 2786:From our online archive (14 July 2010). 2679:Ghadyalpatil, Abhiram (10 August 2018). 2026:National Commission for Backward Classes 1826: 1648:community (better known as Patel) began 1508:, making them eligible for reservation. 700:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 5916:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3490: 3488: 2584: 2396: 2020:The creamy layer applies only to OBCs. 7202:Securities and Exchange Board of India 6309:National Geological Monuments of India 4905:Department of Personnel & Training 4529:, The Economic Times, 9 January 2019. 4177: 4077: 2617:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (11 June 2020). 2553:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 2491:, income tax consultant, financial or 2325:residing in the state-run orphanages. 1790:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 424:to the Constitution was made to amend 8538:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 7002:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 6967:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5646:Uttarakhand Public Service Commission 4426: 4424: 4422: 3743:Uttarakhand Public Service Commission 2937:. Government of India. Archived from 2365:Reserved political positions in India 2345:Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents 1611:Agitations demanding more reservation 1573:2006 Indian anti-reservation protests 1567:2006 Indian anti-reservation protests 1512:Criticism, controversies and protests 209:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 7: 8717:2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census 5250:Tewary, Amarnath (21 January 2019). 4956:. The Indian Express. 23 March 2015. 4166:Viswanathan, S. (16 November 2007). 4132:Faizee, Shameem (23 February 2010). 3533:from the original on 12 August 2024. 3277:. The Indian Express. 18 April 2017. 2996:"Identifying Other Backward Classes" 2068:adding citations to reliable sources 1700:agricultural land below five acres. 1589:, to implement reservations for the 318:adding citations to reliable sources 6997:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 6919:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 6608:Autonomous administrative divisions 5284:Vijay Singh Thakur (2 March 2020). 4720:"Concessions Provided for Students" 4667:"Extraordinary Part II - Section I" 2963:Bhattacharya, Amit (8 April 2006). 2551:and its ten constituent units, the 1788:and its ten constituent units, the 445:Basic Structure of the Constitution 154:Round Table Conference of June 1932 8482:2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra 8462:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 8406:Court Cases related to Reservation 6987:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 4305:. 23 December 2011. Archived from 4134:"Reservation on basis of religion" 3335:. Indiacode.nic.in. 29 August 1997 3313:. Indiacode.nic.in. 4 January 2002 2569:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 1843:Economically Weaker Section (EWS) 1806:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 1555:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 1549:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 136:Imperial parliament at Westminster 25: 7182:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 6924:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 6209:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 4734:"No quota in higher medicine: SC" 4541:, Business Today, 8 January 2019. 4329:. 12 January 2012. Archived from 1818:National Institutes of Technology 1619:reclassification from OBC to ST ( 1431:Transgender and non-binary people 1354:), 2.5% for NT-B, 3.5% for NT-C ( 156:, the Prime Minister of Britain, 8416:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 5224:Kumar, Madan (25 January 2018). 4014:B.A, Pon Vasanth (16 May 2017). 3544:Raghavendra, V. (15 July 2021). 3411:. 5 January 2011. Archived from 2788:"69 percent quota: Advantage TN" 2731:Boris, E.; Janssens, A. (1999). 2375:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 2044: 2007:was first coined in 1974 in the 1691:The Union Government tabled the 1501:Kerala Public Service Commission 294: 8381:Caste-related violence in India 6225:History of India (1947–present) 5682:Joseph, Manu (23 August 2004). 3501:. Virginia University, Virginia 3443:. 28 April 2012. Archived from 2867:"Human Development Report 2016" 2832:Yamamoto, T.; Ueda, T. (2018). 2435:Union Public Service Commission 2385:Reverse discrimination in India 2055:needs additional citations for 2009:State of Kerala vs N. M. Thomas 1814:Indian Institutes of Technology 1810:Indian Institutes of Management 305:needs additional citations for 140:Government of India Act of 1909 64:States and Territories of India 8472:2006 anti-reservation protests 6992:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 6944:Special Protection Group (SPG) 6934:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 2765:. Editura CuArt. p. 212. 2549:Homi Bhabha National Institute 2543:Such institutions include the 1786:Homi Bhabha National Institute 270:stated that Article 14 of the 1: 8722:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 8391:Vandalism of Ambedkar statues 8087:Engineering colleges in India 7716:Electronics and semiconductor 6929:National Security Guard (NSG) 6673:World Heritage Sites in India 4436:Economic and Political Weekly 4377:. 28 May 2012. Archived from 2567:(Thiruvananthapuram) and the 2180:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 2170:First implemented in 1970 by 1840:Other Backward Classes (OBC) 1804:(Thiruvananthapuram) and the 1585:-headed multiparty coalition 1499:of quotas based on religion. 54:. Based on provisions in the 6977:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 6798:State legislative assemblies 6638:States and union territories 6347:Biogeographic classification 2565:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 2561:Physical Research Laboratory 2335:Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam 1802:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 1798:Physical Research Laboratory 1763:Children of property owners. 1697:economically weaker sections 1343:, introduced by DMK in 2009. 50:in India created during the 8758:Majority–minority relations 8386:Economically Weaker Section 8144:Water supply and sanitation 6909:Border Security Force (BSF) 6654:National monuments of India 4954:"Explained: Order reserved" 3289:"Seventy Seventh Amendment" 2994:Ramaiah, A. (6 June 1992). 2360:Reservation policy in Bihar 1770:8,00,000 (regarded as the " 1587:United Progressive Alliance 564:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 456:Government of Uttar Pradesh 120:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar 8784: 8477:1996 Bathani Tola Massacre 7197:Central Statistical Office 6803:State legislative councils 6778:Union Council of Ministers 5548:. Government of Jharkhand. 4262:timesofindia-economictimes 2808:Transfer of Power in India 2758:Kandasamy, W.B.V. (2009). 1996: 1570: 1552: 1475:ordered the government of 1422:On 28 September 2023, the 29: 27:Form of affirmative action 8663:Republican Party of India 8077:Medical colleges in India 8028: 8008: 7227:Foreign exchange reserves 7222:Foreign direct investment 7192:Economic Advisory Council 7135: 7122: 6939:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 6837: 6717: 6704: 6319:Sacred mountains of India 6269: 6256: 5891:Indus Valley Civilisation 5784: 5771: 4184:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3355:"Eighty Second Amendment" 2654:Laskar, Mehbubul Hassan. 2380:Jat reservation agitation 1985: 1579:Union Government of India 1542:Andhra Pradesh High Court 1535:Muslim community of India 436:candidates in promotion. 8710:Caste Census and Surveys 7363:Multi Commodity Exchange 6982:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 3333:"Eighty First Amendment" 3311:"Eighty Fifth Amendment" 2931:"Educational Safeguards" 1650:agitating for OBC status 1583:Indian National Congress 1404:Women's Reservation Bill 30:Not to be confused with 8507:Bhima Koregaon protests 8426:Dalit Buddhist movement 8376:Caste politics in India 7207:Enforcement Directorate 6668:Indian-origin religions 6659:National parks of India 6468:Highest point by states 6230:Economic liberalisation 5649:(in Hindi). 22 May 2020 3746:(in Hindi). 22 May 2020 3089:"Article 46, Section 0" 2935:Department of Education 2499:, engineer, architect, 2431:Vice-President of India 1644:Beginning in 2015, the 1379:Rajiv Gandhi University 497:Delimitation Commission 430:consequential seniority 66:to set a percentage of 8694:Other Backward Classes 8544:Other Backward Classes 8411:IIT reservation policy 8177:Arts and entertainment 7812:Science and technology 7748:Information technology 7428:Government initiatives 6324:Sacred rivers of India 6314:Sacred groves of India 5868:Science and technology 4706:"Reservation of Seats" 4672:. The Gazette of India 4635:, ncbc.nic.in, pp. 7–8 3521:Reservation guidelines 3254:Supreme Court Observer 3229:Supreme Court Observer 3204:Supreme Court Observer 2792:The New Indian Express 2710:The New Indian Express 1757:officers of high rank. 1708:Supreme Court of India 1591:Other Backward Classes 1443:On April 6, 2015, the 379:Other Minorities Women 356: 255:Supreme Court of India 243:Supreme Court of India 101:, the Maharaja of the 80:History of Reservation 8502:Maratha Kranti Morcha 8487:2008 Gurjar agitation 8421:Self-Respect Movement 8371:Caste system in India 8359:Caste and reservation 8134:Socio-economic issues 8082:Law colleges in India 8072:Universities in India 7320:Reserve Bank of India 6123:Independence movement 5921:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 3096:Constitution of India 3076:Constitution of India 3030:. Parliament of India 2805:Menon, V. P. (1957). 2493:management consultant 2036:Reservation in states 1837:Scheduled Tribe (ST) 1834:Scheduled Caste (SC) 1660:In January 2016, the 1462:Constitution of India 351: 272:Constitution of India 8748:Reservation in India 8699:Including Muslim OBC 8401:Reservation in India 7408:Economic development 7252:Voluntary guidelines 7247:Industrial licensing 6377:Environmental issues 6159:Non-Aligned Movement 5936:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4578:Reservation Brochure 3910:Arora, N.D. (2010). 2489:chartered accountant 2064:improve this article 1540:On 28 May 2012, the 1453:Other Backward Class 475:Reservation category 460:Allahabad High Court 314:improve this article 253:On 7 November 2022, 8643:Bahujan Samaj Party 8591:Kalelkar Commission 8512:April 2018 protests 7170:Ministry of Finance 6174:Indo-Pakistani wars 6118:Partition of Bengal 5132:. 1 November 2020. 4438:: 7–8. 5 June 2015. 4285:. 7 September 2020. 3074:, Section 4 of the 3008:on 30 December 2005 2965:"Who are the OBCs?" 2897:Monumenta Nipponica 2501:computer specialist 1828: 1527:Election Commission 1523:Election Commission 1473:Calcutta High Court 531:Other Reservations 504: 449:enabling provisions 286:Reservation schemes 85:Before independence 56:Indian Constitution 32:Indian reservations 8743:Affirmative action 8555:Affirmative action 8139:Standard of living 7829:Telecommunications 7346:Financial services 7267:Atmanirbhar Bharat 7187:Finance Commission 6352:Biosphere reserves 6108:Bengal Renaissance 6096:Commander-in-Chief 6061:East India Company 5566:. 30 December 2021 5498:. 17 November 2023 5445:haryanascbc.gov.in 5419:The Indian Express 5395:. 12 February 2020 5341:The Times of India 5316:The Times of India 5290:The Times of India 5230:The Times of India 5104:The Times of India 5088:. 26 October 2015. 5085:The Times of India 5068:. 27 October 2015. 5065:The Times of India 5045:The Times of India 5018:The Times of India 4972:The Indian Express 4877:The Economic Times 4807:The Economic Times 4740:. 27 October 2015. 4558:. 11 February 2019 4407:. 10 February 2019 4355:. 19 February 2012 4326:The Times of India 4302:The Times of India 4231:The Times of India 4138:The Economic Times 4104:The Times of India 3967:The Indian Express 3674:The Indian Express 3641:The Times of India 3608:The Times of India 3583:legislative.gov.in 3473:. 1 September 2014 3440:The Times of India 3415:on 26 January 2013 3408:The Times of India 3357:. Indiacode.nic.in 3291:. Indiacode.nic.in 3188:. 7 November 2022. 3168:. 8 November 2022. 3165:The Times of India 3148:. 7 November 2022. 3123:. IndianKanoon.org 2969:The Times of India 2712:. 17 February 2020 2427:President of India 1827: 1670:Telugu Desam Party 1655:Rapid Action Force 1604:vote-bank politics 1601:and was driven by 1471:In June 2024, the 1437:transgender people 1406:was passed by the 502: 357: 260:unreserved classes 203:After independence 48:affirmative action 8768:Politics of India 8730: 8729: 8596:Mandal Commission 8492:Patidar agitation 8318: 8317: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8004: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7549:Jammu and Kashmir 7175:Finance ministers 7118: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7106:Women in politics 7081:Political parties 7014: 7013: 7010: 7009: 6820:Chief Secretaries 6793:State governments 6788:Cabinet Secretary 6741:Foreign relations 6700: 6699: 6696: 6695: 6252: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6240:COVID-19 pandemic 6113:Political reforms 5677:978-93-5029-355-3 5343:. 16 January 2014 5191:. 9 November 2023 5165:. 22 January 2019 5002:. 22 August 2007. 4974:. 23 October 2015 4633:Office Memorandum 4456:. 3 December 2016 3969:. 27 October 2017 3923:978-0-07-009094-1 3891:. 14 October 2014 3865:. 13 October 2014 3643:. 22 April 2023. 2845:978-3-319-95837-8 2818:978-81-250-0884-2 2772:978-1-59973-092-9 2744:978-0-521-78641-6 2668:on 25 April 2012. 2563:(Ahmedabad), the 2115:Arunachal Pradesh 2096: 2095: 2088: 1990: 1989: 1800:(Ahmedabad), the 1464:, as well as the 1457:Madras High Court 1362:), 10% for SEBC ( 1329: 1328: 586:Arunachal Pradesh 346: 345: 338: 227:Mandal Commission 174:Indian Christians 147:Madras Presidency 18:Caste reservation 16:(Redirected from 8775: 8689:Scheduled Tribes 8684:Scheduled Castes 8467:Namantar Andolan 8345: 8338: 8331: 8322: 8273:Physical culture 8094:Ethnic relations 8030: 8010: 7992:Mumbai Consensus 7544:Himachal Pradesh 7433:Numbering system 7423:Green revolution 7298:Historical Forex 7137: 7124: 7096:Scheduled groups 6899: 6835: 6719: 6706: 6688:Tourism in India 6683:History of India 6678:Culture of India 6288:Geology of India 6271: 6258: 6189:Naxal Insurgency 6184:White Revolution 6179:Green Revolution 5786: 5773: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5737: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5642: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5618:. 7 January 2019 5608: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5530: 5528: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5213:. 23 March 2023. 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5181: 5175: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5155: 5149: 5148: 5146: 5144: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5076: 5070: 5069: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4957: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4902: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4832: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4671: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4610: 4602: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4487: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4428: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4234:. Archived from 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4175: 4168:"A step forward" 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4106:. 17 June 2024. 4096: 4090: 4089: 4083: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4056: 4050: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4011: 4005: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3974: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3934: 3928: 3927: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3835:M S, Navaneeth. 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3739: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3610:. 20 June 2024. 3600: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3525: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3500: 3492: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3128: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3093: 3085: 3079: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2971:. Archived from 2960: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2927: 2921: 2920: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2871: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2589: 2572: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2514: 2508: 2485: 2479: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2423: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2404: 2269:Lahaul and Spiti 2254:Himachal Pradesh 2144:Koch-Rajbongshis 2091: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2071: 2048: 2040: 1943:Not Applicable. 1940:Not Applicable. 1937:Not Applicable. 1926:Not Applicable. 1923:Not Applicable. 1920:Not Applicable. 1909:Not Applicable. 1906:Not Applicable. 1888:Not Applicable. 1885:Not Applicable. 1877:Not Applicable. 1871:Not Applicable. 1868:Not Applicable. 1829: 1769: 1680:massive protests 1621:Scheduled Tribes 1531:Sachar Committee 1506:backward Muslims 1358:), 2% for NT-D ( 818:Himachal Pradesh 505: 341: 334: 330: 327: 321: 298: 290: 268:D.Y. Chandrachud 158:Ramsay MacDonald 99:Chatrapati Shahu 60:Union Government 58:, it allows the 21: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8777: 8776: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8726: 8705: 8672: 8631: 8615: 8579: 8550:Forward classes 8516: 8440: 8396:Anti-Brahminism 8354: 8349: 8319: 8306: 8278:Public holidays 8163: 8109:Life expectancy 8024: 8023: 7996: 7923: 7892: 7797:Pharmaceuticals 7628: 7497: 7437: 7403:COVID-19 impact 7389: 7341: 7271: 7158: 7131: 7110: 7042: 7006: 6948: 6888: 6884:District Courts 6824: 6815:Chief Ministers 6713: 6692: 6642: 6594: 6532: 6506:Western coastal 6501:Eastern coastal 6488:Mountain passes 6421: 6407:Protected areas 6333: 6329:Stones of India 6297: 6265: 6244: 6213: 6199:Space programme 6169:Sino-Indian War 6164:Five-Year Plans 6142: 6037: 6004: 5995:Delhi Sultanate 5961: 5952:Middle kingdoms 5945:Middle Kingdoms 5940: 5872: 5780: 5767: 5764: 5707: 5694: 5692: 5681: 5668: 5666:Further reading 5663: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5640: 5636: 5635: 5631: 5621: 5619: 5610: 5609: 5605: 5595: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5536: 5526: 5524: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5470:Hindustan Times 5464: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5294: 5292: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5189:Hindustan Times 5183: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5166: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5140: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5020:. 14 April 2015 5012: 5011: 5007: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4907: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4796: 4786: 4784: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4761: 4759: 4750: 4749: 4745: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4588: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4485: 4483: 4480:The News Minute 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4454:The News Minute 4448: 4447: 4443: 4430: 4429: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4399: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4382: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4336: 4334: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4309:on 10 May 2013. 4295: 4294: 4290: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4238:on 29 June 2013 4224: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4206:. 25 March 2010 4198: 4197: 4193: 4176: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4076: 4069: 4067: 4065:The News Minute 4058: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4013: 4012: 4008: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3857: 3856: 3852: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3764: 3763: 3759: 3749: 3747: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3694: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3530: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3382: 3380: 3376:Kapadia, S. H. 3375: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2975:on 27 June 2006 2962: 2961: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2941:on 19 June 2009 2929: 2928: 2924: 2909:10.2307/2382914 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2658: 2653: 2652: 2645: 2635: 2633: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2575: 2542: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2515: 2511: 2486: 2482: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2411: 2405: 2398: 2393: 2331: 2172:Karpoori Thakur 2092: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2061: 2049: 2038: 2001: 1995: 1903:Not Applicable 1767: 1716: 1689: 1687:Economic status 1613: 1575: 1569: 1557: 1551: 1514: 1485: 1433: 1400: 1398:Cisgender women 1395: 1377:(Shillong) and 492: 469: 362: 342: 331: 325: 322: 311: 299: 288: 205: 160:, proposed the 124:M. Viswesvaraya 87: 82: 69:reserved quotas 46:is a system of 39: 36:Indian reserves 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8781: 8779: 8771: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8753:Social justice 8750: 8745: 8735: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8724: 8719: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8691: 8686: 8680: 8678: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8639: 8637: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8627:Atrocities Act 8623: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8565:Untouchability 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8535: 8530: 8524: 8522: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8452:Communal Award 8448: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8431:B. R. Ambedkar 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8362: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8352:Caste in India 8350: 8348: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8305: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8254: 8253: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8206: 8205: 8204: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8036: 8034: 8026: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8014: 8013: 8006: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7967:Income Tax Act 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7943: 7942: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7900: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7809: 7804: 7802:Pulp and paper 7799: 7794: 7793: 7792: 7790:Iron and Steel 7787: 7777: 7776: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7750: 7745: 7744: 7743: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7574:Madhya Pradesh 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7509:Andhra Pradesh 7505: 7503: 7499: 7498: 7496: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7473: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7443: 7439: 7438: 7436: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7413:Liberalisation 7410: 7405: 7399: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7279: 7277: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7145: 7143: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7024: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6790: 6785: 6783:Civil Services 6780: 6775: 6773:Prime Minister 6770: 6768:Vice President 6765: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6727: 6725: 6715: 6714: 6709: 6702: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6664:Nature worship 6661: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6633:Municipalities 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6553: 6548: 6542: 6540: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6458:Extreme points 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6429: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6402:National parks 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6362:Climate change 6359: 6354: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6279: 6277: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6253: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6194:Smiling Buddha 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6071:1857 rebellion 6068: 6063: 6058: 6056:Princely state 6053: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6028:European trade 6025: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5975:Medieval India 5971: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5948: 5946: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5911:Yavana Kingdom 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5858:Paper currency 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5755: 5748: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5705:External links 5703: 5702: 5701: 5679: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5629: 5603: 5592:. 21 June 2019 5577: 5551: 5534: 5509: 5483: 5472:. 8 March 2021 5457: 5432: 5406: 5380: 5369:. 23 June 2019 5354: 5328: 5302: 5276: 5242: 5216: 5202: 5176: 5150: 5117: 5091: 5071: 5051: 5031: 5005: 4985: 4959: 4945: 4942:. The Pioneer. 4931: 4917: 4889: 4864: 4843: 4819: 4794: 4769: 4743: 4725: 4711: 4697: 4683: 4658: 4637: 4625: 4586: 4569: 4543: 4531: 4519: 4493: 4482:. 17 July 2019 4467: 4441: 4418: 4392: 4381:on 29 May 2012 4366: 4344: 4333:on 10 May 2013 4312: 4288: 4274: 4249: 4217: 4191: 4158: 4124: 4091: 4051: 4040: 4006: 3995:. 21 July 2021 3980: 3954: 3929: 3922: 3902: 3876: 3850: 3827: 3806: 3782: 3757: 3726: 3712: 3687: 3661: 3628: 3595: 3570: 3536: 3512: 3484: 3458: 3447:on 10 May 2013 3426: 3394: 3368: 3346: 3324: 3302: 3280: 3266: 3241: 3216: 3191: 3171: 3151: 3137: 3109: 3080: 3063: 3041: 3019: 2986: 2952: 2922: 2903:(3): 247–267. 2887: 2858: 2844: 2824: 2817: 2797: 2778: 2771: 2750: 2743: 2723: 2697: 2671: 2643: 2609: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2555:(Mumbai), the 2536: 2527: 2518:irrigated land 2509: 2497:dental surgeon 2480: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2448: 2439: 2418: 2409: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2370:Caste politics 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2330: 2327: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2119: 2118: 2116: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2099:Andhra Pradesh 2094: 2093: 2052: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2034: 1997:Main article: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1792:(Mumbai), the 1778: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1715: 1712: 1703:Business Today 1688: 1685: 1612: 1609: 1595:forward castes 1571:Main article: 1568: 1565: 1553:Main article: 1550: 1547: 1545:government.". 1513: 1510: 1484: 1481: 1449:BCC Department 1432: 1429: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1371: 1344: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1003: 1002: 999: 997: 995: 992: 989: 986: 980: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 955: 954: 951: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 935:Madhya Pradesh 931: 930: 927: 925: 923: 921: 918: 916: 910: 909: 906: 904: 901: 898: 895: 892: 886: 885: 882: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 862: 861: 858: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 838: 837: 834: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 802: 800: 797: 791: 790: 787: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 767: 766: 763: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 743: 742: 739: 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 719: 718: 715: 713: 711: 708: 705: 702: 696: 695: 692: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 672: 671: 668: 666: 664: 661: 659: 657: 651: 650: 647: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 627: 626: 623: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 603: 602: 599: 597: 595: 593: 590: 588: 582: 581: 578: 576: 574: 571: 568: 566: 560: 559: 556: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 540:Andhra Pradesh 536: 535: 532: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 491: 488: 480: 479: 476: 468: 465: 422:77th amendment 405: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 373: 372: 369: 361: 358: 344: 343: 302: 300: 293: 287: 284: 263:institutions. 204: 201: 190:B. R. Ambedkar 186:Mahatma Gandhi 162:Communal Award 116:untouchability 103:princely state 86: 83: 81: 78: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8780: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8714: 8712: 8708: 8700: 8697: 8696: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8653:Justice Party 8651: 8649: 8648:Dalit Panther 8646: 8644: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636:Organisations 8634: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8519: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8497:Jat agitation 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8326: 8323: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8065: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8031: 8027: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8007: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7982:Insurance Act 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7972:Companies Act 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7926: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7895: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7817:Biotechnology 7815: 7814: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7778: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7742: 7739: 7738: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7721:Entertainment 7719: 7717: 7714: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7641: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7619:Uttar Pradesh 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7303:Digital rupee 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7262:Make in India 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7217:Foreign trade 7215: 7213: 7212:External debt 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7168: 7167: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7121: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6874:Chief Justice 6872: 6870: 6869:Supreme Court 6867: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6736:Energy policy 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6496:Indo-Gangetic 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6280: 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5066: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5048:. 5 May 2015. 5047: 5046: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4927: 4921: 4918: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4890: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4860: 4853: 4847: 4844: 4829: 4823: 4820: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4757: 4756:The Telegraph 4753: 4747: 4744: 4739: 4738:The Telegraph 4735: 4729: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4626: 4614: 4607: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4557: 4556:1, Law Street 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4520: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4393: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4354: 4348: 4345: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4284: 4278: 4275: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4227: 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3270: 3267: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3230: 3226: 3220: 3217: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3110: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3051: 3045: 3042: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3004: 2997: 2990: 2987: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2888: 2876:. p. 119 2875: 2868: 2862: 2859: 2847: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2825: 2820: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2801: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2724: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2686: 2682: 2675: 2672: 2664: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2610: 2598: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2525:reservations. 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2505:sports person 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2355:Forward caste 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2178:According to 2175: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2079: 2076:December 2020 2069: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2053:This section 2051: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1773: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1657:was sent in. 1656: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1581:, led by the 1580: 1574: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1556: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1447:government's 1446: 1441: 1438: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366:) and 1% for 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1341:Arunthatiyars 1338: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1259:Uttar Pradesh 1257: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1000: 998: 996: 993: 990: 987: 985: 982: 981: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 952: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 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the 418: 416: 411: 408: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 377: 376: 370: 367: 366: 365: 360:In employment 359: 355: 354:Central Govt. 350: 340: 337: 329: 326:December 2020 319: 315: 309: 308: 303:This section 301: 297: 292: 291: 285: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 264: 261: 256: 251: 249: 244: 239: 235: 233: 228: 223: 221: 220:public sector 218:vacancies in 215: 212: 210: 202: 200: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 178:Anglo-Indians 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 148: 145:In 1927, the 143: 141: 137: 132: 129: 128:Justice Party 125: 121: 117: 114:abolition of 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 84: 79: 77: 75: 74: 70: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8763:Law of India 8560:Creamy layer 8400: 8258:Martial arts 8182:Architecture 8055:Demographics 8040:Caste system 8017:Society and 7667:Construction 7449:By net worth 7283:Indian rupee 7086:Reservations 7085: 6954:Intelligence 6857:Human rights 6842:Constitution 6600:Subdivisions 6293:Indian Plate 6283:Fossil Parks 6218:Contemporary 6133:World War II 6010:Early Modern 6000:Vijayanagara 5896:Vedic period 5766:India topics 5693:. Retrieved 5687: 5651:. Retrieved 5644: 5632: 5620:. Retrieved 5615: 5606: 5594:. Retrieved 5590:Zee Business 5589: 5580: 5568:. Retrieved 5563: 5554: 5537: 5527:18 September 5525:. Retrieved 5521: 5512: 5500:. Retrieved 5495: 5486: 5474:. Retrieved 5469: 5460: 5448:. Retrieved 5444: 5435: 5423:. Retrieved 5418: 5409: 5397:. Retrieved 5392: 5383: 5371:. Retrieved 5366: 5357: 5345:. Retrieved 5340: 5331: 5319:. Retrieved 5315: 5305: 5293:. Retrieved 5289: 5279: 5267:. Retrieved 5255: 5245: 5233:. Retrieved 5229: 5219: 5205: 5193:. Retrieved 5188: 5179: 5167:. Retrieved 5162: 5153: 5141:. Retrieved 5129: 5120: 5108:. Retrieved 5106:. 5 May 2015 5103: 5094: 5083: 5074: 5063: 5054: 5043: 5034: 5022:. Retrieved 5017: 5008: 4997: 4988: 4976:. Retrieved 4971: 4962: 4948: 4934: 4920: 4908:. Retrieved 4904: 4892: 4880:. Retrieved 4876: 4867: 4858: 4846: 4834:. Retrieved 4822: 4810:. Retrieved 4806: 4797: 4785:. Retrieved 4781: 4772: 4760:. Retrieved 4755: 4746: 4728: 4714: 4700: 4686: 4674:. 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