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of intent" and personal disinterest in favour of the public good. The public asset would only be achieved by a virtuous leader who, by leading a strong state, would establish the complete political and administrative reorganization of the state, material prosperity and a moralizing civic education. Articulating his moral capacity with the ethical interest of a public good, Castilhos presented the figure of the
President as an enlightened and moralizing entity, who placed the interests of the state above individual priorities. Moral and intellectual progress would be achieved through a dictatorial order and state intervention. According to
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all desire. For this to happen, there needs to be an independent power, which instructs and governs consciences, convincing; for this to happen, a more intense moral culture needs to allow the intervention of the power that appeals and invites kindly, that modifies our conduct, that leads us to do well, mobilizing our good feelings in favor of what it wants to avenge.
154:
While in liberal philosophy the public good was reached by conciliating individual interests, for
Castilhos it could only be accomplished by achieving the essential core of the ideal society, which he understood in terms of the "reign of virtue". For him, the public good involved an enlightened ruler
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Castilhos wanted to promote the belief that the political-constitutional organization he was developing for Rio Grande do Sul would establish a "regime of virtue", in which the people capable of governing would not necessarily be those elected to the position, but those who demonstrated their "purity
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Castilhism's characteristics were: the centralization of powers in the
Executive, the implementation of mechanisms for direct participation, such as plebiscites, the establishment of a modernizing, interventionist and regulating state in the economy, as well as its intermediary and moralizing role in
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We have already said it and we will never stop repeating it: the full regularization of public and private life is only possible with a complete regeneration of customs, through a new education, embracing all aspects of human life. Only this fundamental process will bring about the social harmony we
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Combined with a notion of the public good, Castilhos established the first fundament of his authority, which would become absolute when it was translated into law. Rather than being chosen by election, the virtue enabled him to govern in a supreme manner, as stated in
Article 7 of the Constitution:
130:
For
Castilhos, the public good is based on the complete political and administrative reorganization of the state, according to the principle of "conserving by improving". It is also based on the material prosperity of the state (public works, industrial development, stability of government credit,
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and instituted the state's constitution, drafted by him and approved almost unchanged. The behavior would be institutionalized by Borges de
Medeiros, who introduced the concept of successive re-elections until he led the state into civil war in the early 1920s, demanding the intervention of the
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resulted from preserving the interests of individuals, which basically included private property and freedom of exchange, as well as the so-called civil liberties, for
Castilhos the public good surpassed the limits of the material interests of individuals to become impersonal and spiritual. The
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public good is achieved in a society that is formalized by a strong state that imposes individual disinterest for the benefit of the well-being of the community". At this moment, self-interest is pure and simple immorality.
151:"The supreme governmental and administrative direction of the State rests with the President, who shall exercise it freely, according to the public good, interpreted in accordance with the laws".
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who strengthened the state to the detriment of selfish individual interests and who ensured the civic education of citizens, the origin of all social morality. In 1891, the newspaper
92:. It was a conservative political movement, but committed to economic modernization as it had its supporters in the industrial and urban bourgeoisie. It was also influenced by
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repayment of public debt, state savings). The official powers must provide society with useful services based on the contributions made by citizens.
177:, a Brazilian civil war between the liberals of Rio Grande do Sul and the Castilhos government, took place. The conflict reached the states of
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gave a strong incentive to
Castilhism, which remained the hegemonic force in Rio Grande do Sul uninterruptedly between 1893 and 1937.
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The ruler should regenerate society, and the state should lead the transformation and modernization of society.
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with the creation of the Rio Grande do Sul
Constitution of 1891. It was the guiding principle of the
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378:"Origens sociais, estratégias de ascensão e recursos dos componentes da chamada "Geração de 1907""
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242:. The Estado Novo, his dictatorial regime, was essentially a national replication of Castilhism.
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190:
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Rulers should be chosen based on their moral purity and not on their popular representativeness;
445:"A Constituição castilhista de 1891 e a fundação do constitucionalismo autoritário republicano"
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In politics, party political disputes should be eliminated and only virtue should be valued;
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expanded their influence to a national level, projecting names such as
Pinheiro Machado,
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377:
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Castilhism emerged as an ideology in 1882 after the foundation of the newspaper
593:"As Fontes do Pensamento de Vargas e seu Desdobramento na Sociedade Brasileira"
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537:"A influência castilhista na formação política de Getúlio Vargas (1937-1945)"
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234:
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426:"Os Sistemas Partidários do Rio Grande do Sul: do Império à Nova República"
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that had long roots in the Brazilian Portuguese tradition since the
400:"Júlio de Castilhos e Borges de Medeiros: A Prática Política no RS"
330:"Comtismo, castilhismo e varguismo: anatomia dum credo brasileiro"
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and Getúlio Vargas. Castilhism reached its peak in 1930, when the
15:
84:, a group that would later be responsible for establishing the
20:
Júlio de Castilhos, creator and main theoretician of Castilhism
42:' dictatorial period. It is the ideology behind the Brazilian
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federal government and the reform of the 1926 Constitution.
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propelled Vargas to the presidency of Brazil, supported by
88:(PRR in Portuguese), together with Getúlio Vargas' father,
189:, the leader of the opposition, was disliked by both
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In 1891, Júlio de Castilhos was elected president of
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introduced its 146th issue with the following text:
46:, which elevated Castilhism to national importance.
197:) and the Republicans. The victory of Castilhos'
193:(who had been governor of Rio Grande during the
556:"O castilhismo, nova luz sobre Getúlio Vargas"
297:Castilhismo : uma filosofia da República
185:and, in the end, the liberals were defeated.
8:
315:"Constituição Política do Rio Grande do Sul"
353:""A Federação", um jornal que fez história"
584:O Homem Que Inventou A Ditadura No Brasil
30:was the political current established by
449:Revista Brasileira de Estudos Politicos
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116:Castilhism had three basic principles:
430:Revista Brasileira de Ciencia POlitica
208:Originally with a limited reach, the
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351:Leite, Carlos Roberto (2016-06-27).
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424:Oliveira, Augusto Neftali (2018).
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443:Pinto, Francisco Rogério (2019).
86:Rio-grandense Republican Party
1:
591:Fonseca, Pedro Cezar (2001).
554:Paim, Antonio (2020-09-08).
376:Grijó, Luiz Alberto (1998).
535:Barcelos, Gabriela (2018).
294:Rodriguez, Ricardo (2000).
90:Manuel do Nascimento Vargas
24:Brazilian political current
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634:Brazilian politics by year
80:, Júlio de Castilhos and
624:First Brazilian Republic
467:"Constituição do Estado"
357:Observatório da Imprensa
328:Hentschke, Jens (2021).
582:Freitas, Decio (1999).
512:"Revolução Federalista"
201:over Silveira Martins'
137:José Murilo de Carvalho
494:A Querela do Estatismo
491:Paim, Antonio (1998).
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147:of the 18th century".
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597:Intérpretes do Brasil
252:Federalist Revolution
175:Federalist Revolution
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19:
614:Political ideologies
398:Axt, Gunter (2004).
216:, Flores da Cunha,
560:Espaço Democrático
214:Borges de Medeiros
32:Júlio de Castilhos
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629:Political systems
619:Rio Grande do Sul
500:. Federal Senate.
300:. Federal Senate.
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563:. Retrieved
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473:. 1981-06-25
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639:Nationalism
541:Revista Vox
471:A Federação
235:tenentistas
169:Development
157:A Federação
73:A Federação
59:public good
36:Estado Novo
608:Categories
565:2023-12-18
521:2023-12-18
477:2023-12-18
407:IHU Ideias
362:2023-12-18
263:References
257:Vargas Era
240:modernists
230:Revolution
112:Principles
98:positivism
28:Castilhism
586:. Sulina.
203:maragatos
199:pica-paus
141:despotism
55:Rodriguez
50:society.
246:See also
317:. 1891.
191:Deodoro
66:Context
195:Empire
183:Paraná
498:(PDF)
432:(25).
413:(14).
403:(PDF)
385:UFRGS
381:(PDF)
238:and
181:and
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