124:
1143:
42:
391:
466:
1409:
112:
288:"It was a thousand and three hundred and sixteen years, the Infante Don Sancho, son of King Alfonso and heir, prisonered to Don Ximón Ruiz of Cameros in Logroño by order of the king his father. Is in this year king Alfonso prisonered to Don Frederick, his brother, in Burgos, and sending him get into the castle and put in a chest that was filled with sharp irons and died there."
217:. The siege started in August 1474 and lasted until January 1476. This period saw some of the hardest fighting in the Castle's history, as the besiegers attempted to cut off the castle's water supply, miners working with the dual purpose of intercepting the well and collapsing the walls, as noted by Luciano Serrano.
502:"For that this Castle was safer and it not could take by thirst, made its founder near its entrance, on the inside, a so deep well, which for down to the birth of water has around a snail-shaped stone staircase and three hundred thirty-five steps with its skylights in places that give light, although low,
366:
In 1813 Wellington's rapid advance caught the French off-balance and the decision was taken to evacuate the castle rather than risk being cut off. Demolition parties were assigned to destroy the castle with explosives eliminating any military value or documentary material that could be useful to the
102:
the castle lost its importance as a royal residence, and during the French occupation, on June 15, 1813, the French army decided to leave the Castle of Burgos, and they destroyed it with explosives. The explosion resulted in the almost total destruction of all the castle grounds. The castle remains
440:
In the last archaeological excavation (1985) the deep well and its spiral stairs were discovered. A team of speleologists mapped the interior of the well (also known as Cueva del Moro). They descended to 61 meters noting the great constructive ashlar and its various ramifications. A great piece of
136:
In the mid-1980s a complex archaeological study was conducted in which it was established that the signs of oldest human populations both in the hills del Depósito, de San Miguel and del
Castillo, form an ensembles of the first order. Traces of prehistoric human groups both of the
405:
devised in Spain in the 19th century. In the province of Burgos there are still remains, in various states of preservation, of the many towers that were built to communicate between the center of the peninsula and the north. The Castle of Burgos was position 27 of the
322:
and because of the evolution of military techniques, and the fact that Spain's wars were fought overseas, the castle gradually lost its defensive function. Within its walls was settled the first training school for gunners in Spain, producing twenty quintals of
452:
Today the castle is a playground with streets dedicated to poets. The remains of the fortress, in a state of ruins, has allowed its qualification as a museum and interpretation center, opened in 2003 and visitors can also see the well and the tunnels, known as
1509:
498:. Factory work of ashlar in limestone, consisting of a vertical hollow cylinder reaches a depth of 61.50 metres (201.8 ft). Access is provided by 6 spindles or vertical cylinder of 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) internal diameter .
75:, in the hill of San Miguel to 75 metres (246 ft) above the city and to 981 metres (3,219 ft) above the sea. This hill was the subject of archaeological surveys by General Centeno in the years 1925 and 1926 trying to find
485:
As part of the underground complex, the well has galleries of more than 300 metres (980 ft) in length. Dating from the 12th and 13th centuries, although the first reports date from 1475, during the siege by the army of
178:
The growing importance of the city required a great fortress, whose perimeter is well documented. Medieval travelers unanimously tell of the feeling of strength and security it offered. Probably during the reign of
367:
enemy. Such was their haste that the castle was blown up without allowing time for the evacuation of the last soldiers. More than two hundred French soldiers died in the blast, which shook the entire city.
228:. Due to difficulties with supply and French reinforcements moving up from Andalusia he was forced to raise the siege after a number of failed attacks, retreating to the Portuguese frontier.
198:"The kings of Castile, having that fortress, has title to the kingdom, and can be with good confidence called kings of it, because it is head of Castile and chamber of the kings."
1499:
1355:
1514:
477:. This is a broken wall, open to a vain flanked by two towers of semicircular plant. The front gate is open in the northwestern front, it has a vaulted passageway.
119:" (by Braun & Hogenberg) of 1576, and also added this source for the book "El Castillo y Fortificaciones de Burgos" (by Fernando Sánchez and Moreno del Moral).
1082:
753:
818:
977:
1464:
1036:
145:
with similarities to Soto de
Medinilla. Within the hill of the castle was located the oldest town on record in the city of Burgos dated around 2000 B.C.
1489:
221:
1254:
1249:
1474:
1469:
1164:
123:
1098:
1072:
1484:
861:
1494:
1413:
1350:
1169:
524:
1425:
1380:
1118:
970:
683:
603:
581:
1103:
783:
241:
83:
in their retreat blew up the fortress. According to the results obtained in this excavation the origin of the castle dates to the
1519:
1504:
1479:
1128:
921:
763:
730:
307:
1067:
491:
371:
1259:
808:
444:
A digital reconstruction has been made on the basis of one of the engravings of the work "Civitatis Orbi
Terrarum" of 1576.
619:
544:
1365:
1189:
1077:
1051:
963:
153:
In the early 860 AD the Muslim historian Ibn Idhari mentions that an expedition defeated "Gundisalvo" Lord of
Burdgia.
1269:
1113:
803:
669:
Primeros asentamientos humanos en la ciudad de Burgos: I El
Yacimiento arqueológico del castillo y Cerro de San Miguel
395:
944:
194:
made the second change, mainly for beautification, turning the castle into a palace with halls, chambers and chapel.
168:
563:
1284:
1279:
1041:
188:
856:
1335:
1264:
1204:
851:
768:
161:
127:
Back facade of the Castle of Burgos and the church of Santa María La Blanca before the French
Napoleonic invasion
1395:
1344:
1340:
1294:
1031:
1021:
260:
844:
1390:
1360:
1306:
1234:
1123:
778:
237:
220:
The castle was not attacked again until 1812, when following the battle of
Salamanca the Allied army of the
180:
164:
878:
268:
1385:
1320:
1011:
647:
363:
proceeded to strengthen the castle's defences as a strong point which could dominate the
Castilian plain.
210:
207:
382:
was damaged. The bodies of the French soldiers killed in the blast are buried in the chopera del Carmen.
355:
A fire in 1739 resulted in the destruction of the interior, including some coffered ceilings. During the
487:
1159:
1046:
926:
873:
691:
Antiguas noticias, nuevas interpretaciones: la ocupación campaniforme del Cerro del
Castillo de Burgos
1325:
1244:
885:
839:
723:
495:
407:
344:
336:
303:
299:
264:
256:
245:
214:
1229:
996:
986:
788:
558:
379:
319:
191:
171:
to repopulate and re-fortify Burgos, having triumphed in the Battle of
Briviesca and in defending
1289:
1224:
1184:
1108:
1025:
911:
340:
94:
The castle grew over the centuries, becoming a major fortification and residence of the kings of
1375:
1142:
41:
1370:
1274:
773:
679:
599:
431:
99:
1214:
758:
441:
Medieval engineering. Subsequently, a cistern under the main courtyard was also discovered.
375:
291:
95:
390:
183:
the first great transformation occurred, as experts builders altered the castle to fit the
868:
798:
716:
272:
225:
515:
Bailey, remains of the Tower of Homage, anthropomorphic tombs, several rooms and floors.
1219:
1194:
916:
465:
402:
356:
138:
1406:
This section includes the royal palaces of the Christian and Muslim medieval kingdoms
1458:
1330:
936:
931:
298:
Later, after spending several years in an unworthy place, the remains of the infante
111:
1315:
793:
427:
88:
1179:
156:
Oliver Copons believes that the great fortress was already built back in 865 when
1239:
1016:
813:
627:
116:
1209:
906:
703:
394:
Semaphore tower on the ruins of the Castle of Burgos in 1870 – photography of
236:
The Castle of Burgos was used as prison of state, being occupied by the kings
184:
157:
68:
1440:
1427:
901:
547:
401:
The Castle of Burgos played a key role in the communication system with the
324:
275:
the son in law of infante Frederick of Castile. The version provided by the
84:
437:
Between the years 1955 and 1958 some attempts at reconstruction were made.
1174:
172:
142:
76:
704:
Youtube video of a digital reconstruction of the intact Castle of Burgos
160:
invaded the Castilian plateau led by Al-Mondzir. Twenty years later the
1510:
Buildings and structures in Spain demolished during the Peninsular War
955:
739:
434:, the antiaircraft defense of the city being based within the walls.
411:
360:
80:
72:
55:
28:
473:
Recent archaeological excavations have uncovered the remains of the
464:
389:
122:
110:
32:
415:
959:
712:
578:
Los Reyes Católicos y la ciudad de Burgos desde 1541 hasta 1492
598:(1st ed.). Barcelona: Editorial Ariel S. A. p. 317.
504:
and is so artfully done that looks like work of enchantment
708:
310:
in Burgos, which was demolished in the 19th century.
283:
of the execution of infante Fadrique, is as follows:
263:, was executed in the castle by order of his brother
1303:
1150:
1091:
1060:
1004:
993:
894:
827:
746:
51:
21:
676:El castillo de Burgos: Una recuperación en marcha
359:the city regained its strategic position and the
302:were transferred in 1282, by order of his nephew
115:Engraving of the Castle of Burgos from the work "
1356:Palacio de los Capitanes Generales de Guatemala
500:
285:
196:
594:Manuel González Jiménez (October 2004). "XI".
971:
724:
494:, the castle being defended by supporters of
8:
1500:Demolished buildings and structures in Spain
426:The castle was used sporadically during the
1515:Buildings and structures demolished in 1813
1391:Palacio de los Gobernadores de Nuevo México
1083:Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas
754:Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas
1351:Palacio de los Capitanes Generales de Cuba
1001:
978:
964:
956:
731:
717:
709:
244:and by Tomás de Gournay, murderer of King
18:
819:Santa María la Real y Antigüa de Gamonal
1386:Palacio del Gobernador de las Filipinas
1376:Palacio Virreinal de Santa Fé de Bogotá
693:. SAGVNTVM (P.L.A.V.) 45, 2013: 49 - 64
536:
469:Ruins of the Burgos Castle. South gate.
267:, who also executed at the same time
46:Ruins of the Castle of Burgos in 2008
7:
1047:Alcázar of Seville: Upper Apartments
1465:Buildings and structures in Burgos
1366:Palacio del Fuerte de Buenos Aires
525:List of missing landmarks in Spain
14:
1165:Alcázar of the Caliphs of Córdoba
1099:Casita del Príncipe (El Escorial)
582:Spanish National Research Council
378:lost most of its windows and the
308:Convento de la Santísima Trinidad
98:. Following the accession of the
1408:
1407:
1170:Alcázar of the Catholic Monarchs
1141:
277:Annals of the reign of Alfonso X
253:Annals of the reign of Alfonso X
40:
1490:Alcazars and Alcazabas in Spain
1381:Palacio del Gobernador de Agaña
1068:Convent of Las Descalzas Reales
624:telegrafiaoptica.wikispaces.com
492:war of the Castilian Succession
372:Church of Santa María La Blanca
251:In 1277, as referred to in the
132:Prehistoric archaeological site
87:, and its oldest parts, to the
1104:Casita del Príncipe (El Pardo)
564:Crónica de los Reyes Católicos
242:Alfonso VI of León and Castile
1:
1336:Edificio de las Casas reales
857:Palacio de Capitanía General
689:Eduardo Carmona Ballestero,
678:. City Hall of Burgos, 1999
620:"Telegrafía Óptica - Burgos"
149:Foundation and Medieval ages
1475:Museums in Castile and León
1470:Castles in Castile and León
1270:Royal Palace of Tordesillas
1129:Colegio de Doncellas Nobles
1114:Pantheon of Illustrious Men
543:Very detailed aerial view:
1536:
1485:9th-century fortifications
1280:Palacio Real de Valladolid
1037:La Granja de San Ildefonso
922:CD Nuestra Señora de Belén
1495:Royal residences in Spain
1404:
1265:Royal Palace of Pedralbes
1260:Royal Palace of Perpignan
1190:Castle Alcázar of Segorbe
1139:
1073:Convent of La Encarnación
852:Museum of Human Evolution
769:Convento de Santa Dorotea
224:besieged the city in the
77:Napoleonic military files
71:, located in the city of
39:
26:
1396:Royal Palace of Brussels
1295:Valldemossa Charterhouse
945:Polideportivo El Plantío
370:With the explosion, the
261:Ferdinand III of Castile
169:Diego Rodríguez Porcelos
117:Civitates Orbis Terrarum
1520:Former castles in Spain
1505:Former palaces in Spain
1480:Visigothic architecture
1285:Royal Alcázar of Madrid
1250:Royal Palace of Estella
1235:Palacio de la Magdalena
1124:Convent of Santa Isabel
779:Miraflores Charterhouse
764:Convento de Santa Clara
671:. Burgos: Aldecoa 1987.
343:and also by his father
181:Alfonso VIII of Castile
16:Castle in Burgos, Spain
1321:Royal Palace of Naples
1119:Convent of San Pascual
1078:Convent of Santa Clara
784:San Cosme y San Damián
508:
470:
398:
296:
281:Chronicle of Alfonso X
213:it in the war against
208:Ferdinand the Catholic
200:
128:
120:
1371:Palacio Real de Quito
1255:Royal Palace of Olite
674:José Sagredo García,
667:José Luis Urribarri,
488:Isabella I of Castile
468:
393:
380:church of San Esteban
269:Simón Ruiz of Cameros
126:
114:
1326:Palazzo dei Normanni
1245:Palacio de la Ribera
886:University of Burgos
648:José Barrio Villamor
496:Joanna la Beltraneja
430:and also during the
345:Henry III of Castile
304:Sancho IV of Castile
300:Frederick of Castile
265:Alfonso X of Castile
257:Frederick of Castile
246:Edward II of England
238:García II of Galicia
215:Joanna la Beltraneja
1437: /
1230:Palace of Charles V
997:Patrimonio Nacional
987:Spanish Royal sites
809:San Nicolás de Bari
804:San Lorenzo el Real
747:Religious buildings
559:Hernando del Pulgar
374:was destroyed, the
357:War of Independence
187:taste of the time.
1441:42.3428°N 3.7072°W
1361:Palacio de Pizarro
1341:Palacio del Virrey
1290:Torre de la Parada
1225:Monastery of Yuste
1185:Buen Retiro Palace
1160:Alcázar of Segovia
1109:Casita del Infante
994:Royal sites of the
927:Estadio El Plantío
912:Burgos CF Promesas
652:Historia de Burgos
596:Alfonso X el Sabio
471:
399:
341:John II of Castile
222:Duke of Wellington
129:
121:
22:Castillo de Burgos
1420:
1419:
1343:(present-day the
1275:Palau Reial Major
1195:Castle of Bellver
1137:
1136:
953:
952:
941:
774:La Merced, Burgos
432:Civil War of 1936
339:was inhabited by
314:Gunpowder factory
67:was a castle and
61:
60:
1527:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1446:42.3428; -3.7072
1442:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1411:
1410:
1215:Madinat al-Zahra
1200:Castle of Burgos
1145:
1002:
980:
973:
966:
957:
939:
882:
874:Teatro Principal
865:
848:
835:Castle of Burgos
759:Burgos Cathedral
733:
726:
719:
710:
655:
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
626:. Archived from
616:
610:
609:
591:
585:
574:
568:
556:
550:
541:
320:Early Modern Age
292:Medieval Spanish
232:Famous prisoners
162:Asturian monarch
65:Castle of Burgos
44:
35:
19:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1400:
1345:National Palace
1305:
1299:
1205:Del Real Palace
1152:
1146:
1133:
1087:
1056:
995:
989:
984:
954:
949:
890:
876:
869:Coliseum Burgos
859:
842:
840:Casa del Cordón
828:Other landmarks
823:
799:San Lesmes Abad
742:
737:
700:
664:
659:
658:
654:manuscript 1638
646:
642:
633:
631:
618:
617:
613:
606:
593:
592:
588:
575:
571:
557:
553:
542:
538:
533:
521:
513:
483:
463:
450:
424:
410:that connected
408:Line of Castile
388:
353:
333:
327:daily in 1542.
316:
306:to the missing
279:, after of the
273:lord of Cameros
234:
226:Siege of Burgos
205:
151:
134:
109:
100:Habsburg family
47:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1418:
1417:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1220:Miramar Palace
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1006:
999:
991:
990:
985:
983:
982:
975:
968:
960:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
934:
929:
924:
919:
917:Real Burgos CF
914:
909:
904:
898:
896:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
871:
866:
854:
849:
837:
831:
829:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
748:
744:
743:
738:
736:
735:
728:
721:
713:
707:
706:
699:
698:External links
696:
695:
694:
687:
672:
663:
660:
657:
656:
640:
611:
604:
586:
569:
551:
535:
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
520:
517:
512:
511:Other elements
509:
482:
479:
462:
459:
455:Cueva del Moro
449:
448:Current status
446:
423:
420:
403:semaphore line
387:
386:Semaphore line
384:
352:
349:
335:The palace of
332:
329:
315:
312:
255:, the infante
233:
230:
204:
201:
189:Castilian king
167:ordered Count
150:
147:
143:first Iron Age
139:Beaker culture
133:
130:
108:
105:
79:from when the
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1532:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1415:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Palazzo Regio
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:Royal Palaces
1149:
1144:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:Royal Palaces
1003:
1000:
998:
992:
988:
981:
976:
974:
969:
967:
962:
961:
958:
946:
943:
938:
937:Burgos CF (I)
935:
933:
932:CB Miraflores
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
880:
875:
872:
870:
867:
863:
858:
855:
853:
850:
846:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
826:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
745:
741:
734:
729:
727:
722:
720:
715:
714:
711:
705:
702:
701:
697:
692:
688:
685:
684:84-87876-15-3
681:
677:
673:
670:
666:
665:
661:
653:
649:
644:
641:
630:on 2017-11-15
629:
625:
621:
615:
612:
607:
605:84-344-6758-5
601:
597:
590:
587:
583:
579:
573:
570:
566:
565:
560:
555:
552:
549:
545:
540:
537:
530:
526:
523:
522:
518:
516:
510:
507:
505:
499:
497:
493:
490:, during the
489:
480:
478:
476:
467:
460:
458:
456:
447:
445:
442:
438:
435:
433:
429:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
404:
397:
392:
385:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
364:
362:
358:
350:
348:
346:
342:
338:
331:Royal Alcázar
330:
328:
326:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
295:
293:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
209:
202:
199:
195:
193:
190:
186:
182:
176:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
154:
148:
146:
144:
140:
131:
125:
118:
113:
106:
104:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
57:
54:
50:
43:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1422:
1316:Castel Nuovo
1307:Sub-national
1199:
1052:La Almudaina
834:
794:San Gil Abad
690:
675:
668:
662:Bibliography
651:
643:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
623:
614:
595:
589:
577:
576:in his work
572:
562:
554:
539:
514:
503:
501:
484:
474:
472:
454:
451:
443:
439:
436:
428:Carlist Wars
425:
422:Recent times
400:
369:
365:
354:
334:
317:
297:
290:(written in
287:
286:
280:
276:
252:
250:
235:
219:
206:
197:
177:
155:
152:
135:
93:
64:
62:
1444: /
1240:El Quexigal
1061:Monasteries
1017:El Escorial
940:(dissolved)
877: [
860: [
843: [
814:Santa Gadea
789:San Esteban
567:, 1481-1490
351:Destruction
318:During the
165:Alfonso III
1459:Categories
1429:42°20′34″N
1210:Generalife
907:CD Bupolsa
634:2018-02-22
475:South Gate
396:J. Laurent
141:, and the
103:in ruins.
1432:3°42′26″W
1180:Aljafería
902:Burgos CF
548:Wikimapia
376:cathedral
337:Alfonso X
325:gunpowder
259:, son of
85:Visigoths
1414:Category
1175:Alhambra
1032:Aranjuez
1026:Zarzuela
1022:El Pardo
519:See also
211:besieged
192:Henry IV
173:Pancorbo
31:in
1042:Riofrío
185:Mudéjar
158:Muslims
107:History
96:Castile
69:alcázar
1412:
1304:Former
1151:Former
1012:Madrid
740:Burgos
682:
602:
584:- 1943
412:Madrid
361:French
203:Sieges
89:Romans
81:French
73:Burgos
56:Castle
29:Burgos
1309:seats
1092:Other
895:Sport
881:]
864:]
847:]
531:Notes
461:Gates
414:with
33:Spain
680:ISBN
600:ISBN
481:Well
416:Irun
240:and
63:The
52:Type
1461::
879:es
862:es
845:es
650:,
622:.
561:,
546:.
457:.
418:.
347:.
294:).
271:,
248:.
175:.
91:.
1347:)
1028:)
1024:(
979:e
972:t
965:v
732:e
725:t
718:v
686:.
637:.
608:.
580:(
506:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
