196:
33:
54:
207:
262:
of 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in). Its bark is finely fissured, scaly and greyish brown. The branchlets are often drooping, 100–250 mm (3.9–9.8 in) long, the leaves reduced to scale-like teeth 0.3–0.5 mm (0.01–0.02 in) long, arranged in whorls of
263:
6 to 10 around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 4–9 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 0.4–0.7 mm (0.02–0.03 in) wide. The flowers on male trees are arranged in spikes 4–40 mm (0.2–1.6 in) long, the
271:
2–9 mm (0.08–0.4 in) long and sparsely covered with soft hairs. Mature cones are usually 7–14 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long and 4–6 mm (0.16–0.24 in) in diameter, the samaras 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long.
427:
River oak is widely recognised as an important tree for stabilising riverbanks and for soil erosion prevention accepting wet and dry soils. The foliage is quite palatable to stock.
1850:
1840:
1192:
646:
1458:
1571:
1371:
1257:
799:
235:
and is native to
Australia and New Guinea. It is a tree with fissured and scaly bark, sometimes drooping branchlets, the leaves reduced to scales in
1835:
1717:
1532:
1130:
1218:
1143:
1345:
1306:
1275:
499:
1003:
376:
This casuarina mainly grows in pure stands in open forest on the banks of freshwater rivers and streams in
Australia and New Guinea.
1855:
1830:
1524:
679:
547:
315:
1845:
1743:
1558:
1179:
895:
412:
284:
186:
1709:
1599:
1223:
742:
537:
1820:
1825:
404:
961:
1815:
1678:
1467:
1205:
1008:
990:
328:
292:
865:
1769:
1607:
1576:
1358:
53:
41:
1262:
354:
is a tree to 15–35 m (49–115 ft), the articles 6–9 mm (0.24–0.35 in) long with 8 to 10 teeth.
259:
1612:
1311:
810:
1774:
1363:
195:
1117:
337:
1511:
1122:
1096:
1506:
1109:
1091:
1018:
923:
563:
319:
367:
is a tree to 20 m (66 ft), the articles 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) long with 6 or 7 teeth.
300:
170:
753:. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra
690:. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra
570:. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra
1148:
772:
1298:
1052:
709:
615:
467:
416:
1249:
1810:
1704:
1633:
1519:
1407:
1350:
1104:
1044:
48:
32:
1197:
1691:
1584:
1480:
1319:
1236:
1026:
543:
384:
268:
536:
Boland, Douglas J.; Brooker, M. I. H.; Chippendale, G. M.; McDonald, Maurice
William (2006).
1589:
439:
333:
1324:
1171:
91:
1399:
1498:
1337:
1083:
972:
1332:
308:
236:
78:
589:
1804:
1376:
1231:
239:
of 6 to 10, the fruit 7–14 mm (0.28–0.55 in) long containing winged seeds (
232:
137:
899:
1696:
1638:
1485:
1412:
1031:
1683:
1669:
1472:
1443:
995:
1730:
1545:
1452:
1244:
1156:
982:
955:
296:
258:
tree that typically grows to a height of 15–35 m (49–115 ft), has a
443:
400:
396:
392:
946:
1761:
1493:
1288:
1078:
1065:
835:
388:
206:
147:
1787:
1210:
1625:
1389:
1782:
1663:
1620:
1437:
1384:
1270:
940:
873:
104:
1756:
1722:
1537:
1283:
1135:
1039:
447:
127:
1735:
1550:
1161:
866:"Biological control of Australian native Casuarina species in the USA"
264:
255:
240:
117:
917:
267:
0.4–0.7 mm (0.02–0.03 in) long. The female cones are on a
1748:
1184:
1070:
205:
194:
65:
1563:
1057:
921:
898:. South African National Biodiversity Institute. Archived from
870:
Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
542:. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 80–81.
1649:
1423:
930:
231:, is a species of flowering plant in the family
1525:Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana
1459:Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana
415:in the north of the Northern Territory to the
8:
1851:Taxa named by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel
896:"SANBI:Declared Weeds & Invader Plants"
918:
31:
20:
1841:Flora of the Australian Capital Territory
645:Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S.
498:Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S.
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
283:was first formally described in 1848 by
243:) 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long.
737:
735:
459:
1710:Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp. miodon
809:. Victorian Government. Archived from
674:
672:
493:
491:
489:
7:
1299:f6f2020d-af4f-4aca-9a30-4b025be3f925
1613:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77170562-1
14:
1775:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:951037-1
1364:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:159845-1
807:Department of Primary Industries
332:, and the name, and that of the
52:
1836:Flora of the Northern Territory
846:. Northern Territory Government
307:) honours the collector of the
1:
872:. 16 May 2007. Archived from
657:. Royal Botanic Garden Sydney
506:. Royal Botanic Garden Sydney
798:Boxshall, Ben; Jenkyn, Tim.
779:. Plants of the World Online
405:Australian Capital Territory
403:in New South Wales, and the
291:from specimens collected by
289:Revisio critica Casuarinarum
1872:
42:Mount Archer National Park
1651:Casuarina cunninghamiana
1425:Casuarina cunninghamiana
720:. Australian Plant Census
626:. Australian Plant Census
539:Forest trees of Australia
474:. Australian Plant Census
176:
169:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1856:Plants described in 1848
1831:Flora of New South Wales
1276:Casuarina~cunninghamiana
1110:Casuarina cunninghamiana
1009:Casuarina_cunninghamiana
962:Casuarina cunninghamiana
932:Casuarina cunninghamiana
838:Casuarina cunninghamiana
775:Casuarina cunninghamiana
745:Casuarina cunninghamiana
712:Casuarina cunninghamiana
682:Casuarina cunninghamiana
649:Casuarina cunninghamiana
618:Casuarina cunninghamiana
592:Casuarina cunninghamiana
566:Casuarina cunninghamiana
502:Casuarina cunninghamiana
470:Casuarina cunninghamiana
436:Casuarina cunninghamiana
372:Distribution and habitat
358:Casuarina cunninghamiana
345:Casuarina cunninghamiana
281:Casuarina cunninghamiana
252:Casuarina cunninghamiana
216:Casuarina cunninghamiana
180:Casuarina cunninghamiana
25:Casuarina cunninghamiana
338:Australian Plant Census
199:Male flowers of subsp.
1846:Drought-tolerant trees
211:
203:
162:C. cunninghamiana
450:and in South Africa.
210:Immature female cones
209:
198:
1821:Fagales of Australia
816:on 15 September 2009
336:are accepted by the
219:, commonly known as
1826:Flora of Queensland
417:Gulf of Carpentaria
411:occurs between the
1816:Trees of Australia
329:Flora of Australia
212:
204:
1798:
1797:
1585:Open Tree of Life
1320:Open Tree of Life
924:Taxon identifiers
902:on 6 October 2014
395:in Queensland to
366:
349:
322:described subsp.
193:
192:
1863:
1791:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1738:
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1540:
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1515:
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1502:
1501:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1475:
1463:
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1446:
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1139:
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1126:
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1035:
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1022:
1021:
1012:
1011:
999:
998:
986:
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976:
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951:
950:
949:
919:
912:
911:
909:
907:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
862:
856:
855:
853:
851:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
815:
804:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
739:
730:
729:
727:
725:
706:
700:
699:
697:
695:
676:
667:
666:
664:
662:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
612:
606:
605:
603:
601:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
560:
554:
553:
533:
516:
515:
513:
511:
495:
484:
483:
481:
479:
464:
440:invasive species
431:Invasive species
364:
347:
301:specific epithet
293:Allan Cunningham
285:Friedrich Miquel
182:
57:
56:
35:
21:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1695:
1690:
1682:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1652:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1077:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1002:
994:
989:
981:
979:
971:
969:
960:
959:
954:
945:
944:
939:
926:
916:
915:
905:
903:
894:
893:
889:
879:
877:
864:
863:
859:
849:
847:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
813:
802:
800:"River she-oak"
797:
796:
792:
782:
780:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
741:
740:
733:
723:
721:
708:
707:
703:
693:
691:
678:
677:
670:
660:
658:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
614:
613:
609:
599:
597:
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
562:
561:
557:
550:
535:
534:
519:
509:
507:
497:
496:
487:
477:
475:
466:
465:
461:
456:
433:
425:
419:in Queensland.
374:
278:
249:
189:
184:
178:
165:
51:
17:
16:Species of tree
12:
11:
5:
1869:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1779:
1766:
1753:
1740:
1727:
1714:
1701:
1688:
1675:
1659:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1639:wfo-0000919446
1630:
1617:
1604:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
1529:
1516:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1449:
1433:
1431:
1429:cunninghamiana
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1413:wfo-0000590647
1404:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1303:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1254:
1241:
1228:
1215:
1202:
1189:
1176:
1166:
1153:
1140:
1127:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1013:
1000:
987:
977:
967:
952:
936:
934:
928:
927:
922:
914:
913:
887:
876:on 5 June 2011
857:
827:
790:
764:
731:
701:
686:cunninghamiana
668:
653:cunninghamiana
637:
622:cunninghamiana
607:
581:
555:
548:
517:
485:
458:
457:
455:
452:
432:
429:
424:
421:
381:cunninghamiana
373:
370:
369:
368:
355:
352:cunninghamiana
316:Lawrie Johnson
305:cunninghamiana
277:
274:
248:
245:
201:cunninghamiana
191:
190:
185:
174:
173:
167:
166:
159:
157:
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1868:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
978:
974:
968:
963:
957:
953:
948:
942:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
920:
901:
897:
891:
888:
875:
871:
867:
861:
858:
845:
843:
839:
831:
828:
812:
808:
801:
794:
791:
778:
776:
768:
765:
752:
750:
746:
738:
736:
732:
719:
717:
713:
705:
702:
689:
687:
683:
675:
673:
669:
656:
654:
650:
641:
638:
625:
623:
619:
611:
608:
595:
593:
585:
582:
569:
567:
559:
556:
551:
549:0-643-06969-0
545:
541:
540:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
518:
505:
503:
494:
492:
490:
486:
473:
471:
463:
460:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
430:
428:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
407:. Subspecies
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
371:
365:L.A.S.Johnson
363:
359:
356:
353:
346:
343:
342:
341:
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335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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286:
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275:
273:
270:
266:
261:
257:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
233:Casuarinaceae
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
208:
202:
197:
188:
183:
181:
175:
172:
171:Binomial name
168:
164:
163:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Casuarinaceae
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1650:
1424:
931:
906:25 September
904:. Retrieved
900:the original
890:
880:16 September
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
869:
860:
848:. Retrieved
841:
837:
830:
818:. Retrieved
811:the original
806:
793:
781:. Retrieved
774:
767:
755:. Retrieved
748:
744:
722:. Retrieved
715:
711:
704:
692:. Retrieved
685:
681:
659:. Retrieved
652:
648:
640:
628:. Retrieved
621:
617:
610:
598:. Retrieved
591:
584:
572:. Retrieved
565:
558:
538:
508:. Retrieved
501:
476:. Retrieved
469:
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435:
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408:
383:occurs from
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351:
344:
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287:in his book
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225:river sheoak
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1731:iNaturalist
1546:iNaturalist
1453:Wikispecies
1338:kew-2705430
1245:NatureServe
1157:iNaturalist
956:Wikispecies
379:Subspecies
320:Alex George
311:specimens.
297:Moreton Bay
247:Description
92:Angiosperms
1805:Categories
1333:Plant List
1016:Calflora:
454:References
444:Everglades
413:Daly River
401:Narrandera
397:Condobolin
393:Augathella
1811:Casuarina
1670:Q49626717
1512:233500328
1494:FloraBase
1444:Q24688537
1123:200005532
1097:200005532
1079:FloraBase
389:Chillagoe
314:In 1989,
256:dioecious
229:creek oak
221:river oak
156:Species:
149:Casuarina
62:Kingdom:
1788:50219143
1783:Tropicos
1749:951037-1
1664:Wikidata
1621:Tropicos
1438:Wikidata
1385:Tropicos
1271:NSWFlora
1250:2.150116
1237:61988221
1198:11166659
1185:159845-1
941:Wikidata
850:27 April
820:23 April
783:27 April
757:27 April
724:27 April
694:27 April
661:27 April
630:27 April
600:27 April
574:27 April
510:27 April
478:27 April
276:Taxonomy
269:peduncle
134:Family:
105:Eudicots
1757:NTFlora
1723:3796682
1626:6400018
1564:51815-3
1538:7266309
1390:6400005
1284:NTFlora
1136:2891932
1040:Ecocrop
947:Q662316
840:subsp.
747:subsp.
714:subsp.
684:subsp.
651:subsp.
620:subsp.
448:Florida
442:in the
360:subsp.
350:subsp.
334:autonym
326:in the
265:anthers
241:samaras
144:Genus:
128:Fagales
124:Order:
66:Plantae
1736:466845
1655:miodon
1653:subsp.
1590:396652
1577:228176
1551:466846
1427:subsp.
1346:PLANTS
1296:NZOR:
1224:501334
1162:160233
1058:629957
980:APDB:
970:AoFP:
842:miodon
749:miodon
716:miodon
596:. APNI
546:
438:is an
409:miodon
362:miodon
324:miodon
299:. The
237:whorls
118:Rosids
1705:FoAO2
1697:7JH8H
1684:55768
1597:PFI:
1520:FoAO2
1499:18314
1486:7JGWH
1473:55764
1397:WoI:
1377:942-1
1372:SANBI
1351:CACU8
1325:79351
1307:NZPCN
1263:29737
1211:16711
1193:IRMNG
1169:IPA:
1105:FoAO2
1084:18313
1071:CSUCU
996:55761
814:(PDF)
803:(PDF)
385:Laura
295:near
254:is a
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
1770:POWO
1762:1088
1744:IPNI
1718:GBIF
1679:APNI
1608:POWO
1600:9202
1572:NCBI
1559:IPNI
1533:GBIF
1468:APNI
1359:POWO
1312:3626
1289:1087
1258:NCBI
1232:IUCN
1219:ITIS
1180:IPNI
1172:5230
1149:9548
1144:GRIN
1131:GBIF
1066:EPPO
1045:4337
1032:RQVJ
1019:9300
1004:ATRF
991:APNI
983:1662
973:1129
908:2014
882:2010
852:2023
822:2011
785:2023
759:2023
726:2023
696:2023
663:2023
632:2023
602:2023
576:2023
544:ISBN
512:2023
480:2023
423:Uses
399:and
391:and
348:Miq.
318:and
309:type
187:Miq.
1692:CoL
1634:WFO
1507:FNA
1481:CoL
1408:WFO
1400:290
1206:ISC
1118:FoC
1092:FNA
1053:EoL
1027:CoL
446:in
260:DBH
227:or
40:In
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