923:
879:
855:
867:
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911:
709:
33:
961:, including farms, city runoff, and erosion of the river's banks, which contribute pollution such as harmful chemicals and fertilizers, and larger sediments like suspended solids. Pollutants include coal ash. As with any river, the water quality varies in different regions, depending on abiotic and biotic factors.
1027:
is a chemical in the group of manmade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS used for nonstick, water- and stain-repellent items. GenX is a replacement PFAS, since older and more toxic PFAs are being phased out. GenX is made at the
Chemours plant in Fayetteville, NC and has gotten into the Cape
618:
The river is the most industrialized river in North
Carolina, lined with power plants, manufacturing plants, wastewater treatment plants, landfills, paper mills, and industrial agriculture. Relatedly, the river is polluted by various substances, including suspended solids and manmade chemicals. These
1046:
In a study done to test the ability of retention and how could the GenX chemical be transported in porous materials, results showed that for different forms of the GenX chemical the absorption rate was higher. This research is important to help future researchers understand the tendencies of this
1050:
The lack of information on the GenX chemical in North
Carolina has led to the gap of knowledge about ways in which people may be exposed to these chemicals other than drinking water. Information is also limited on the health effects caused by the GenX chemical, little experiments on animals show
1031:
Chemours' wastewater put into the Cape Fear River poses a drinking-water issue for residents of the
Fayetteville area and people further down the river. Several groundwater wells in Fayetteville had detections of GenX. At the mouth of the river, the city of Wilmington uses the Cape Fear as a
1058:
Little is known about the effectiveness of GenX and PFEA removal from contaminated waters using methods such as ozonation and bio-filtration. Carbon in various forms can be used to treat water that has been contaminated. Experiments done with this technique showed that shorter PFAS did not
976:
begin dumped into the Deep River, a major tributary to the Cape Fear River. One sample contained PFOS at 1 part per billion, "more than 14 times greater than the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's health advisory of 70 parts per trillion for drinking water",
1408:
1007:
refers to any particle (living or nonliving) discharged into an aquatic system that remains in suspension. These particles can find their way into rivers via nonpoint-source pollution or through larger point-source pollution events such as
968:
in the river have the highest rates of PFAS documented in North
American fish. A 2018 study found that bass from the river had 40 times the amount of PFAS in their blood than did bass raised in an aquaculture facility.
1854:
878:
991:
In July 2023, the North
Carolina Department of Health and Human Services issued a fish consumption advisory for certain freshwater fish species from the middle and lower Cape Fear River due to contamination with
922:
1644:
Guillette, T.C.; McCord, James; Guillette, Matthew; Polera, M.E.; Rachels, Kyle T.; Morgeson, Clint; Kotlarz, Nadine; Knappe, Detlef R.U.; Reading, Benjamin J.; Strynar, Mark; Belcher, Scott M. (2020-03-01).
1028:
Fear River from the plant's wastewater. Like other PFAS, GenX does not easily break down and can accumulate in the environment. Because of this quality, GenX can cause problems for both people and wildlife.
561:, Carvers Creek, Plummers Run, Steep Run, Weyman Creek, Double Branch, Livingston Creek, Bryant Mill Creek, Grist Mill Branch, Bay Branch, Indian Creek, Cartwheel Branch, Alligator Creek,
1464:
1435:
1595:
Kotlarz Nadine; McCord James; Collier David; Lea C. Suzanne; Strynar Mark; Lindstrom Andrew B.; Wilkie Adrien A.; Islam
Jessica Y.; Matney Katelyn; Tarte Phillip; Polera M.E. (2020).
1493:
1052:
1962:
1947:
1843:
854:
1647:"Elevated levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Cape Fear River Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) are associated with biomarkers of altered immune and liver function"
1967:
898:
866:
910:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1714:"Accumulation and phytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana"
514:
1047:
chemical. Contaminated sites should be inspected from the water to the soil due to the ability of GenX to travel/transport through porous material such as soil.
779:, the river provided a principal transportation route to the interior of North Carolina. Today the river is navigable as far as Fayetteville through a series of
1957:
1039:
caught from the Cape Fear, and the chemical affected the liver and immune system. In plants, GenX reduced the biomass and bioaccumulated in the organism. This
550:
510:
421:
538:
526:
441:
433:
429:
1212:, The Columbia Gazetteer of North America: Note that despite the gazetteer's claim of the river being the longest entirely within North Carolina, the
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397:
1307:
546:
542:
534:
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573:
Avents Ferry Road, US 401-NC 210, NC 217, I-295, I-95, NC 24-210, I-95, Tarheel Ferry Road, US 701, General Howe
Highway (NC 11), US 17-74, US 17
506:
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393:
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has set a “health goal”, a non-regulated, and non-enforceable low contamination level where no side effects, over time, would be expected.
1013:
671:
620:
99:
1494:"NCDHHS Recommends Limiting Fish Consumption from the Middle and Lower Cape Fear River Due to Contamination With "Forever Chemicals""
87:
259:
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83:
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993:
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565:, Mallory Creek, Little Mallory Creek, Town Creek, Sand Hill Creek, Liliput Creek, Orton Creek, Walden Creek, Price Creek
184:
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1597:"Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina"
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1873:"Recently Detected Drinking Water Contaminants: GenX and Other Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids: JOURNAL AWWA"
958:
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807:
761:
457:
133:
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In 2020, studies by the North
Carolina Department of Environmental Quality found "staggering" concentrations of
1932:
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1901:
1107:
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liver damage, pancreas damage, etc. There are no federal guidelines regarding the GenX chemical. However, the
1024:
717:
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612:
170:
954:
632:
1912:
1249:
788:
117:
1712:
Chen, Chih-Hung; Yang, Shih-Hung; Liu, Yina; Jamieson, Pierce; Shan, Libo; Chu, Kung-Hui (2020-04-01).
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drinking-water source. Blood samples of a group of Wilmington residents showed detections of GenX.
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Hopkins, Zachary R.; Sun, Mei; DeWitt, Jamie C.; Knappe, Detlef R.U. (2018-06-14).
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In several studies, GenX has been shown to affect wildlife. PFAS were detected in
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In 2020, a national study of tap water found the highest concentration of PFAS in
658:
In 2020, a national study of tap water found the highest concentration of PFAS in
1737:
1671:
1777:
Yan, Ni; Ji, Yifan; Zhang, Bohan; Zheng, Xilai; Brusseau, Mark L. (2020-10-06).
1465:"Toxic 'forever chemicals' flow freely through Cape Fear River—and now its fish"
1436:"Toxic 'forever chemicals' flow freely through Cape Fear River—and now its fish"
1016:
into the Cape Fear River about 5 miles northwest of Wilmington, North Carolina.
737:
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1810:
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603:, from which it takes its name. The river is formed at the confluence of the
274:
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1802:
1407:
US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
1213:
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772:
and entering the Atlantic about 3 miles (5 km) west of Cape Fear.
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1918:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cape Fear River
1828:
1763:
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1355:
1108:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cape Fear River
916:
Sunset over the Cape Fear River flowing under the S. Thomas Rhodes Bridge.
346:
9,959.87 cu ft/s (282.032 m/s) at mouth with Atlantic Ocean
1500:(Press release). NC Department of Health and Human Services. 13 July 2023
949:
The Cape Fear River is polluted by industry, cities, and farmland in its
1308:"New DEQ data show 'staggering' levels of PFAS in Cape Fear River basin"
769:
1889:
1872:
904:
A cargo ship navigating the mouth of the Cape Fear River at Southport
636:
1612:
787:. The estuary of the river furnishes a segment of the route of the
707:
1123:"Cape Fear River Topo Map, Brunswick County NC (Southport Area)"
1842:
North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (2017).
784:
1779:"Transport of GenX in Saturated and Unsaturated Porous Media"
615:. Its river basin is the largest in the state: 9,149 sq mi.
1278:"Climate change, pollution imperil Cape Fear, advocates say"
674:, the Cape Fear River has also been known historically as:
651:
and other pollutants have been found in its tributary, the
988:, which gets its drinking water from the Cape Fear River.
872:
Lock and Dam No. 1 on the Cape Fear River in Bladen County
662:, which gets its drinking water from the Cape Fear River.
1384:"Basic Information about Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution"
1012:
in 2018. The storm caused a dam to fail, which caused a
1053:
North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services
860:
The port in Wilmington on the Cape Fear River estuary
712:
The Cape Fear River at Smith Creek in Wilmington, NC.
1239:"Basin wide Assessment Report Cape Fear River Basin"
1409:"Nonpoint Source Pollution, NOS Education Offering"
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635:, byproducts of production of the fluoropolymer
887:vessel on the Cape Fear, photographed from the
756:about 10 miles (16 km) northwest of
1117:
1115:
8:
1963:Rivers of New Hanover County, North Carolina
460:, Barnards Creek, Mott Creek, Telfairs Creek
1948:Rivers of Cumberland County, North Carolina
1172:
1170:
1968:Rivers of Brunswick County, North Carolina
1900:Featured in Season 4 of the "Outlander".
1877:Journal - American Water Works Association
1888:
1818:
1753:
1688:
1670:
1620:
1087:South Atlantic-Gulf Water Resource Region
37:Map of the Cape Fear River drainage basin
1953:Rivers of Harnett County, North Carolina
1943:Rivers of Chatham County, North Carolina
312:9,120.61 square miles (23,622.3 km)
1938:Rivers of Bladen County, North Carolina
1097:
850:
639:; and intermediates used to make other
247:between Oak Island and Bald Head Island
1783:Environmental Science & Technology
1430:
1428:
1377:
1375:
1258:
1247:
1103:
1101:
18:
16:River in North Carolina, United States
1517:
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1276:Online, Coastal Review (2022-06-08).
1233:
1231:
1229:
7:
1958:Rivers of Lee County, North Carolina
1301:
1299:
1297:
728:Counties, by the confluence of the
672:Geographic Names Information System
621:per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
1178:"Cape Fear River Watershed Report"
587:is a 191.08-mile-long (307.51 km)
14:
1601:Environmental Health Perspectives
1244:. August 2004 – via NCDENR.
760:. At Wilmington, it receives the
541:, Hucklebrry Swamp, Black Swamp,
1860:from the original on 2019-04-06.
953:. The pollution comes from both
921:
909:
897:
877:
865:
853:
647:). Industrial chemicals such as
31:
1332:"GNIS Detail - Cape Fear River"
720:, near the county line between
304:191.08 mi (307.51 km)
1913:Cape Fear River discharge data
1902:Season 4 of Outlander, on IMDB
768:, turns south, widening as an
253: • coordinates
178: • coordinates
1:
1069:List of North Carolina rivers
994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
140:Physical characteristics
1738:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113817
1672:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105358
1548:"NC DEQ: GenX Investigation"
1471:. 2020-03-24. Archived from
1442:. 2020-03-24. Archived from
1043:did differ between species.
964:In 2020, a study found that
840:Trooper Harry T. Long Bridge
629:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
292: • elevation
217: • elevation
1524:"Basic Information on PFAS"
1356:"Cape Fear River | NCpedia"
1306:Barnes, Greg (2020-02-03).
609:Deep River (North Carolina)
330: • location
243: • location
165: • location
25:Tributary to Atlantic Ocean
1984:
1907:Sources and external links
1312:North Carolina Health News
1282:North Carolina Health News
740:. It flows southeast past
693:North East Cape Fear River
643:(e.g. PPVE, PEVE and PMVE
342: • average
169:about 1 mile southeast of
1844:"GenX Health Information"
1651:Environment International
1522:US EPA, OA (2016-03-30).
1382:US EPA, OW (2015-09-15).
979:North Carolina Heath News
929:Cape Fear Memorial Bridge
825:S. Thomas Rhodes Bridge (
808:Cape Fear Memorial Bridge
762:Northeast Cape Fear River
577:
458:Northeast Cape Fear River
350:
316:
225:
144:
30:
1149:"ArcGIS Web Application"
1014:mass leakage of coal ash
466: • right
1803:10.1021/acs.est.9b07790
1718:Environmental Pollution
843:L. Bobby Brown Bridge (
613:Moncure, North Carolina
389: • left
221:154 ft (47 m)
171:Moncure, North Carolina
1257:Cite journal requires
1208:April 1, 2005, at the
798:runs along the river.
713:
633:perfluorooctanoic acid
1572:"NC DEQ: Groundwater"
1413:oceanservice.noaa.gov
1059:absorb.
789:Intracoastal Waterway
711:
275:33.88556°N 78.01278°W
200:35.59667°N 79.05194°W
752:, then receives the
595:. It flows into the
475:Little Shaddox Creek
296:0 ft (0 m)
1795:2020EnST...5411876Y
1789:(19): 11876–11885.
1730:2020EPoll.25913817C
1663:2020EnInt.13605358G
1440:National Geographic
1153:epa.maps.arcgis.com
796:East Coast Greenway
363:generally southeast
355:Basin features
280:33.88556; -78.01278
271: /
205:35.59667; -79.05194
196: /
1219:2009-06-09 at the
1010:Hurricane Florence
935:is the highest in
890:USS North Carolina
736:Rivers just below
714:
619:chemicals include
515:Upper Little River
396:, Buckhorn Creek,
1890:10.1002/awwa.1073
1475:on March 10, 2021
1446:on March 10, 2021
1336:geonames.usgs.gov
974:forever chemicals
696:North West Branch
670:According to the
581:
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521:, Carvers Creek,
452:, Frenchs Creek,
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1082:Cape Fear Museum
1005:Suspended solids
1000:Suspended solids
986:Brunswick County
959:nonpoint sources
925:
913:
901:
885:U.S. Coast Guard
881:
869:
857:
716:It is formed at
681:Cape-Feare River
660:Brunswick County
591:in east-central
589:blackwater river
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1221:Wayback Machine
1210:Wayback Machine
1203:Cape Fear River
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766:Brunswick River
706:
690:Clarendon River
678:Cape Fair River
668:
611:in the town of
585:Cape Fear River
563:Brunswick River
557:, Drunken Run,
551:Pemberton Creek
511:Poorhouse Creek
465:
428:, Cedar Creek,
422:Thorntons Creek
388:
375:Cape Fear River
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1076:North Carolina
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1020:GenX chemicals
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951:drainage basin
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937:North Carolina
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645:perfluoroether
641:fluoropolymers
597:Atlantic Ocean
593:North Carolina
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555:Hammonds Creek
539:Georgia Branch
527:Rockfish Creek
468:
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442:Turnbull Creek
434:Harrison Creek
430:Phillips Creek
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62:North Carolina
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491:Daniels Creek
488:
484:
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472:
471:Wombles Creek
469:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Bandeau Creek
447:
446:Mulford Creek
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Juniper Creek
423:
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1883:(7): 13–28.
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1579:. Retrieved
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1527:
1502:. Retrieved
1497:
1488:
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
1468:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1439:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1402:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
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1335:
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1311:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1250:cite journal
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1181:
1157:. Retrieved
1152:
1143:
1131:. Retrieved
1126:
1075:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:striped bass
1034:
1030:
1023:
1003:
990:
983:
978:
971:
966:striped bass
963:
955:point source
948:
888:
793:
777:colonial era
774:
746:Fayetteville
715:
684:Charle River
669:
657:
617:
584:
582:
559:Donoho Creek
547:Browns Creek
543:Bakers Creek
535:Willis Creek
519:Little River
503:Little Creek
499:Camels Creek
410:Neills Creek
406:Hector Creek
402:Avents Creek
370:River system
122:Fayetteville
1214:Neuse River
1188:24 November
1159:24 November
1133:24 November
775:During the
754:Black River
738:Jordan Lake
649:1,4-Dioxane
531:Grays Creek
523:Cross Creek
495:Cedar Creek
454:Black River
438:Ellis Creek
418:Buies Creek
380:Tributaries
360:Progression
278: /
266:078°00′46″W
203: /
191:079°03′07″W
100:New Hanover
1927:Categories
1724:: 113817.
1657:: 105358.
1581:2020-11-04
1576:deq.nc.gov
1557:2020-10-30
1552:deq.nc.gov
1533:2020-10-30
1479:2022-10-28
1450:2022-10-29
1418:2020-11-16
1393:2020-11-16
1365:2021-03-10
1341:2021-03-10
1317:2022-10-28
1287:2022-10-28
1093:References
981:reported.
933:Wilmington
758:Wilmington
742:Lillington
507:Fish Creek
487:Fall Creek
483:Bush Creek
479:Lick Creek
394:Gulf Creek
309:Basin size
263:33°53′08″N
188:35°35′48″N
154:Deep River
130:Wilmington
114:Lillington
88:Cumberland
1811:0013-936X
1746:0269-7491
1681:0160-4120
1504:30 August
1223:is longer
945:Pollution
699:Rio Jorda
653:Haw River
605:Haw River
601:Cape Fear
414:Dry Creek
321:Discharge
158:Haw River
134:Southport
76:Brunswick
1855:Archived
1829:32972138
1764:31918129
1699:32044175
1631:32697103
1217:Archived
1206:Archived
1184:. US EPA
1155:. US EPA
1127:TopoZone
1063:See also
996:(PFOS).
623:(PFAS),
607:and the
84:Columbus
43:Location
1851:NC DHHS
1820:7654438
1791:Bibcode
1755:7307574
1726:Bibcode
1690:7064817
1659:Bibcode
1622:7375159
1469:Science
802:Bridges
770:estuary
726:Chatham
718:Haywood
570:Bridges
92:Harnett
80:Chatham
48:Country
1827:
1817:
1809:
1762:
1752:
1744:
1697:
1687:
1679:
1629:
1619:
1528:US EPA
1498:NCDHHS
1388:US EPA
831:NC 133
827:US 421
820:US 421
748:, and
704:Course
637:Nafion
383:
324:
301:Length
149:Source
104:Pender
72:Bladen
68:County
1858:(PDF)
1847:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
845:I-140
835:US 74
816:US 76
812:US 17
781:locks
599:near
231:Mouth
118:Erwin
58:State
1825:PMID
1807:ISSN
1760:PMID
1742:ISSN
1695:PMID
1677:ISSN
1627:PMID
1506:2023
1263:help
1190:2019
1161:2019
1135:2019
1074:USS
1025:GenX
957:and
794:The
785:dams
783:and
764:and
732:and
730:Deep
724:and
625:GenX
583:The
156:and
110:City
1885:doi
1881:110
1815:PMC
1799:doi
1750:PMC
1734:doi
1722:259
1685:PMC
1667:doi
1655:136
1617:PMC
1609:doi
1605:128
931:in
734:Haw
722:Lee
96:Lee
1929::
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818:/
814:/
810:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
