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1377:. The entablatures rest on columns set at the front of each bay, while matching half-columns stand against the back wall. Each pilaster forms a compound unit with the pier and column on either side of it. Colossal pilasters set on large bases join the portico and the upper story. All of the windows are capped with segmental pediments. A balustrade fringing the roof emphasizes the emphatic horizontality of the whole against which the vertical lines of the orders rise in majestic contrast. The verticality of the colossal order creates the feeling of a self-contained space while the horizontality of the entablatures and balustrades emphasize the longitudinal axis of the piazza. The palazzo's facade was updated by Michelangelo in the 1530s and again later numerous times.
1275:
enclosed and protected but open to the sky and accessible through five symmetrical openings. Axiality and symmetry govern all parts of the
Campidoglio. The aspect of the piazza that makes this most immediately apparent is the central statue, with the paving pattern directing the visitors' eyes to its base. Michelangelo also gave the medieval Palazzo del Senatore a central campanile, a renovated façade, and a grand divided external staircase. He designed a new façade for the colonnaded Palazzo dei Conservatori and projected an identical structure, the Palazzo Nuovo, for the opposite side of the piazza. On the narrow side of the trapezoidal plan, he extended the central axis with a magnificent stair to link the hilltop with the city below.
1279:
1143:'s revived republic. In 1144, a revolt by the citizens against the authority of the Pope and nobles led to a senator taking up his official residence on the Capitoline Hill. The senator's new palazzo turned its back on the ancient forum, beginning the change in orientation on the hill that Michelangelo would later accentuate. A small piazza was laid out in front of the senator's palazzo, intended for communal purposes. In the middle of the 14th century, the guilds' court of justice was constructed on the southern end of the piazza. This would later house the Conservatori in the 15th century. As a result, the piazza was already surrounded by buildings by the 16th century.
1406:
of the building to which it belongs but must be set in the context of the piazza as a whole. The steps, beginning at the center of each wing, move gently upward until they reach the inner corner, level off and recede to the main surface of the façade. They then continue an unbroken stateliness toward each other, converging on the central doorway of the second story. This interruption of the diagonal line and the brief inward change of direction both absorbs the central axis and links the two sides. The fountain in front of the staircase features the river gods of the Tiber and the Nile as well as
1200:
restored with a double outer stairway, and the campanile moved to the center axis of the palazzo. The
Palazzo dei Conservatori was also to be restored, and a new building, the so-called Palazzo Nuovo, built at the same angle on the north side of the piazza to offset the Conservatori, creating a trapezoidal piazza. A wall and balustrade were to be built at the front of the square, giving it a firm delineation on the side facing the city. Finally, a flight of steps was to lead up to the enclosed piazza from below, further accentuating the central axis.
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1323:, Palazzo Senatorio, and Palazzo Nuovo. Michelangelo designed a new façade for the dilapidated Palazzo dei Conservatori and he designed the Palazzo Nuovo to be a mirror complement, thereby providing balance and coherence to the ragged ensemble of existing structures. The construction of these two buildings were carried out after his death under the supervision of
1511:
1254:. The stepped ramp of the cordonata was intended, like a slow-moving escalator, to lift its visitors toward the sky and deposit them on the threshold of municipal authority. The oval shape combined with the diamond pattern within it was a play on the previous Renaissance geometries of the circle and square. The
1274:
Michelangelo looked at the center to find a solution to the
Capitoline disorder. The statue provided a center and a focus. The buildings defined the space, and it is this space, as much as the buildings, that is the impressive achievement of the Capitoline complex. It is a giant outdoor room, a plaza
1410:. The upper part of the facade was designed by Michelangelo with colossal corinthian pilasters harmonizing with the two other buildings. Its bell-tower was designed by Martino Longhi the Elder and built between 1578 and 1582. Its current facade was built by Giacomo della Porta and Girolamo Rainaldi.
1214:
was not in place when
Emperor Charles arrived, and the imperial party had to scramble up the slope from the Forum to view the works in progress), but work continued faithfully to his designs and the Campidoglio was completed in the 17th century, except for the paving design, which was to be finished
1199:
was to stand in the middle of the piazza set in a paved oval field. Michelangelo was required to provide a setting for the statue and to bring order to an irregular hilltop already encumbered by two crumbling medieval buildings set at an acute angle to one another. The
Palazzo del Senatore was to be
1025:
There are several important temples built on
Capitoline hill: the temple of Juno Moneta, the temple of Virtus, and the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus is the most important of the temples. It was built in 509 BC and was nearly as large
1405:
for the
Senator Abbondio Rezzonico in the 18th century. Its double ramp of stairs was designed by Michelangelo. This double stairway to the palazzo replaced the old flight of steps and two-storied loggia, which had stood on the right side of the palazzo. The staircase cannot be seen solely in terms
1422:, the Palazzo Nuovo was constructed in 1603, finished in 1654, and opened to the public in 1734. Its facade duplicates to that of Palazzo dei Conservatori. In other words, it is an identical copy made using Michelangelo's blueprint when he redesigned the Palazzo dei Conservatori a century earlier.
1380:
In Rome, the portico of the
Palazzo dei Conservatori sheltered offices of various guilds. Here disputes arising in the transaction of business were adjudicated, unless they were of sufficient importance to go before a communal tribunal, such as that of the conservatori. It was a natural place for
1258:
design set into the paving is perfectly level: Around its perimeter, low steps arise and die away into the paving as the slope requires. Its centre springs slightly, so that one senses that he/she is standing on the exposed segment of a gigantic egg all but buried at the centre of the city at the
1182:
Michelangelo's first designs for the piazza and remodeling of the surrounding palazzi date from 1536. His plan was formidably extensive. He accentuated the reversal of the classical orientation of the
Capitoline, in a symbolic gesture turning Rome's civic center to face away from the
1343:
Adjacent and now serving as an annex to the
Palazzo dei Conservatori is Palazzo Caffarelli Clementino; here, short-term exhibitions are held. The palazzo was built between 1576 and 1583 by Gregory Canonico for Gian Pietro Caffarelli II. The remaining ruins of the
1104:. During the lengthy period of ancient Rome, the Capitoline Hill was the geographical and ceremonial center. However, by the Renaissance, the former center was an untidy conglomeration of dilapidated buildings and the site of executions of criminals.
1368:
that spanned two storeys, here with a range of Corinthian pilasters and subsidiary Ionic columns flanking the ground-floor loggia openings and the second-floor windows. Michelangelo's new portico is a reinvention of older ideas. The portico contains
1300:
In the middle, and not to Michelangelo's liking, stood the original equestrian statue of the emperor Marcus Aurelius. Michelangelo provided an unassuming pedestal for it. The sculpture was held in regard because it was thought to depict Emperor
497:(Shrine of Vulcan), an 8th-century BC sacred precinct, occupied much of the eastern lower slopes of the Capitoline, at the head of what would later become the Roman Forum. The summit was the site of a temple for the
1223:
2002:
Charles Burroughs, Michelangelo at the Campidoglio: Artistic Identity, Patronage, and Manufacture (IRSA s.c., 1993) pp. 91 "Palazzo dei Conservatori, Campidoglio (The Capitoline Hill)" Accessed March 21, 2012
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1096:, located underground beneath the piazza and hilltop, occupies a building of the same name built in the 1st century BC to hold Roman records of state. The Tabularium looks out from the rear onto the
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such activity. Until the 1470s the main market of the city was held on and around the Campidoglio, while cattle continued to be taxed and sold in the ancient forum located just to the south.
1401:
blocks from the Tabularium were re-used in the left side of the palazzo and a corner of the bell tower. It now houses the Roman city hall, after having been converted into a residence by
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that it had once commanded. It was built to be wide enough for horse riders to ascend the hill without dismounting. The railings are topped by the statues of two Egyptian lions in black
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A balustrade, punctuated by sculptures atop the giant pilasters, capped the composition, one of the most influential of Michelangelo's designs. The two massive ancient statues of
1348:
were destroyed in order to construct the palace. Until the cessation of World War I, the palazzo served as the German Embassy to Rome. Following the war, it was claimed by the
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513:(535–496 BC). It was considered one of the largest and the most beautiful temples in the city (although little now remains). The city legend starts with the recovery of a
1195:. This full half circle turn can also be seen as Michelangelo's desire to address the new, developing section of the city rather than the ancient ruins of the past. An
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1397:
Built during the 13th and 14th centuries, the Palazzo Senatorio ("Senatorial palace") stands atop the Tabularium, which had once housed the archives of ancient Rome.
388:("head", "summit") and the tale was that, when laying the foundations for the temple, the head of a man was found, some sources even saying it was the head of some
1243:'s solution to the problems of the space in the Piazza del Campidoglio. Even with their new facades centering them on the new palazzo at the rear, the space was a
1207:, piazza, and the central palazzo are the first urban introduction of the "cult of the axis" that was to occupy Italian garden plans and reach fruition in France.
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1045:, the Capitoline Hill was the one section of the city to evade capture by the barbarians, due to its being fortified by the Roman defenders. According to legend
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1179:, who was expected in 1538. This offered him the opportunity to build a monumental civic plaza for a major city as well as to reestablish the grandeur of Rome.
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1247:, and the facades did not face each other squarely. Worse still, the whole site sloped (to the left in the engraving). Michelangelo's solution was radical.
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over their windows, which give a slight spring to the completely angular vertical-horizontal balance of the design. The three palazzi are now home to the
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1267:, Latin for "head of the world." This paving design was never executed by the popes, who may have detected a subtext of less-than-Christian import, but
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1364:") on top of a sixth-century BC temple dedicated to Jupiter "Maximus Capitolinus". Michelangelo's renovation of it incorporated the first use of a
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In the Middle Ages, the hill's sacred function was obscured by its other role as the center of the civic government of Rome, revived as a
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that decorate the balustrades are not the same as those posed by Michelangelo, which now are in front of the Palazzo del Quirinale.
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1305:, the first Christian Emperor. The bronze now in position is a modern copy; the original is in the Palazzo dei Conservatori nearby.
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pointed out. An interlaced twelve-pointed star makes a subtle reference to the constellations, revolving around this space called
422:. The Capitoline Hill contains few ancient ground-level ruins, as they are almost entirely covered up by Medieval and Renaissance
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Next to the older and much steeper stairs leading to the Aracoeli, Michelangelo devised a monumental wide-ramped stair, the
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The Palazzo dei Conservatori ("Palazzo of the Conservators") was built in the Middle Ages for the local magistrates (named "
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Piazza del Campidoglio, on the top of Capitoline Hill, with the façades of Palazzo dei Conservatori (left) and Palazzo Nuovo
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later built here, and afterwards it was used for the whole hill (and even other temples of Jupiter on other hills), thus
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The three remodelled palazzi enclose a harmonious trapezoidal space, approached by the ramped staircase called the
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at Tarquin's order. Recent excavations on the Capitoline uncovered an early cemetery under the Temple of Jupiter.
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after the Vestal Virgin, and became a frequent execution site. The Sabines, who immigrated to Rome following the
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Capitolium in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
1139:, but the Capitoline was the scene of movements of urban resistance, such as the dramatic scenes of
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1352:, which demolished a large section of the palazzo's east wing to create the Caffarelli Terrace.
1030:. The hill and the temple of Jupiter became the symbols of Rome, the capital of the world. The
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Executing the design was slow: Little was actually completed in Michelangelo's lifetime (the
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Gauls (settled in central-east Italy) raided Rome in 390 BC, after the battle of River
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was regarded by the Romans as indestructible, and was adopted as a symbol of eternity.
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1450:(centre of picture) leading from Via del Teatro di Marcello to Piazza del Campidoglio
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He provided new fronts to the two official buildings of Rome's civic government, the
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and his other assassins locked themselves inside the temple afterward). Vespasian's
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1122:, or citadel, atop the hill it once stood. At its base are the remains of a Roman
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was built at the foot of Capitoline Hill in the western end of the Forum Romanum.
2023:"Messing About With Masterpieces: New Work by Giambattista Piranesi (1720–1778),"
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1100:. The main attraction of the Tabularium, besides the structure itself, is the
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The Tabularium, behind the corner columns of the Temple of Vespasian and Titus
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in 1536–1546. At the height of his fame, he was commissioned by the Farnese
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at their base and the marble renditions of Castor and Pollux at their top.
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1327:. The sole arched motif in the entire Campidoglio design is the segmental
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2148:– digitized version of the corresponding article in Samuel Ball Platner,
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Ackerman, James. The architecture of Michelangelo. Chicago, 1986, 154.
1658:. Richard Sadleir (trans.) (New update ed.). Electa. p. 105.
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Influenced by Roman architecture and Roman republican times, the word
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in the 12th century. The city's government was now to be firmly under
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Hodgkins, George W. (1960). "Naming the Capitol and the Capital".
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To close off the piazza's symmetry and cover up the tower of the
1065:, clearly indicating the wrath of Jupiter for his actions in the
1012:/Athena of the Capital at the Centrale Montemartini Museum, Rome.
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384:). In an etymological myth, ancient sources connect the name to
71:
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Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects
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On the grassy incline to the northwest of the cordonata is the
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ordered the paving completed to Michelangelo's design in 1940.
1089:(69). During this incident the temple was destroyed by fire.
1906:
The Renaissance in Italy: Architecture • Sculpture • Frescoes
1227:
Michelangelo's systematizing of the Campidoglio, engraved by
2077:
Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C
287:
275:
269:
1814:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 229–231.
1116:
is adjacent to the square, located near where the ancient
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is widely assumed to be named after the Capitoline Hill.
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616–579 BC), and completed by the seventh and last king,
461:
is widely assumed to be named after the Capitoline Hill.
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1128:, with more than four storeys visible from the street.
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Il tempio di Giove e le origini del colle Capitolino
1073:(nevertheless he was murdered six months later, and
299:
293:
272:
266:
260:
5519:
5468:
5415:
5340:
5316:
5266:
5179:
5158:
5111:
5048:
4969:
4885:
4809:
4768:
4728:
4682:
4590:
4562:
4502:
4432:
4425:
4344:
4154:
4104:
3990:
3929:
3783:
3597:
3577:
3227:
3186:
3091:
3068:
3030:
2948:
2883:
2801:
2739:
2632:
2596:
2571:
2504:
2451:
2440:
2406:
2204:
1187:and instead in the direction of Papal Rome and the
290:
251:
189:
165:
153:
123:
111:
94:
77:
60:
1953:Platner, Samuel Ball (1929). Ashby, Thomas (ed.).
1631:"Capitoline - definition of Capitoline in English"
521:) when foundation trenches were being dug for the
1992:. New York: Reynal and Company. pp. 209–211.
1860:. New York: Reynal and Company. pp. 209–211.
1259:centre of the world, as Michelangelo's historian
1175:, who wanted a symbol of the new Rome to impress
5424:Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment
1838:. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd. pp. 197–206.
1812:Michelangelo: The Artist, the Man, and His Times
1732:
1049:was alerted to the Gallic attack by the sacred
2103:Rome Alive: A Source Guide to the Ancient City
4624:
2182:
1959:. Oxford University Press. pp. 297–302.
1743:
1741:
135:
102:
8:
2035:, Vol. 1 No. 1 (May-June 2011), p. 23 fn. 3.
1677:Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 345, and Arn. 6, p. 194
1085:were also besieged in the temple during the
4281:Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria
1163:and the surrounding palazzi was created by
85:
5565:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
5412:
5401:
5313:
5302:
5108:
5097:
4679:
4668:
4631:
4617:
4609:
4429:
4166:Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum
2448:
2189:
2175:
2167:
2151:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
1956:A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
57:
5206:The Creation of the Sun, Moon, and Plants
4331:Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum
3249:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
1942:. Boston: McGraw-Hill. pp. 310–311.
1875:. Boston: McGraw-Hill. pp. 310–311.
1235:The bird's-eye view of the engraving by
202:
1749:""Campidoglio" accessed march 23, 2012"
1602:
5384:Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri
4266:Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia
3254:Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican
1773:
131:
3534:Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio
340:
327:
16:One of the seven hills of Rome, Italy
7:
4988:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
3941:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy
3289:S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana
1873:Buildings across Time: Third Edition
1296:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
1284:equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
1197:equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius
3957:Column of the Immaculate Conception
3886:in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
2120:Albertoni, M.; Damiani, I. (2008),
2105:, Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci,
1703:
1701:
4286:Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome
3239:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
1786:Ancient Worlds: "Mons Capitolinus"
477:, were let in by the Roman maiden
229:Schematic map of Rome showing the
139:
14:
5199:Separation of Light from Darkness
4236:Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica
4201:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
2677:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
1708:Tacitus, Publius (25 June 2009).
1654:La Regina, Adriano, ed. (2007) .
1346:Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
493:, settled on the Capitoline. The
485:. This cliff was later named the
374:temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
5571:The Titan: Story of Michelangelo
4301:Museum of the Liberation of Rome
4246:Museo delle anime del Purgatorio
4196:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
4186:Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna
2647:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
1509:
1485:still lives in the English word
1061:suffered an accident during his
542:
501:, started by Rome's fifth king,
447:still lives in the English word
247:
4306:National Museum of Oriental Art
4206:Giorgio de Chirico House Museum
3635:Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari
3620:Domus Internationalis Paulus VI
517:(the word for head in Latin is
5277:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter
4326:Porta San Paolo Railway Museum
3121:Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas
1616:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
360:The hill was earlier known as
1:
4684:
1908:. Viking Press. p. 283.
1339:Palazzo Caffarelli Clementino
342:[ˈmõːskapɪtoːˈliːnʊs]
214:of the Capitoline Hill under
5438:Studies for the Libyan Sibyl
5406:Works on paper, milieu, etc.
5120:The Torment of Saint Anthony
4291:Museum of Roman Civilization
4221:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
3700:Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne
3244:Basilica of Saint Mary Major
1891:Space, Time and Architecture
1733:Albertoni & Damiani 2008
1656:Archaeological Guide to Rome
436:, an urban plan designed by
220:Museum of Roman Civilization
5636:Tourist attractions in Rome
5544:Michelangelo and the Medici
5374:San Giovanni dei Fiorentini
5352:
4383:Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus
4261:Museo di Roma in Trastevere
4231:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
3967:Hospital of the Holy Spirit
3539:S. Sebastiano fuori le mura
3146:Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker
3116:Catacombs of San Sebastiano
2124:, Milan: Mondadori Electa,
2061:Online Etymology Dictionary
1988:Morgan, Charles H. (2008).
1856:Morgan, Charles H. (1966).
1834:Von Einem, Herbert (1973).
1159:The existing design of the
5667:
5527:Art patronage of Julius II
5452:Pietà for Vittoria Colonna
4524:Castello Orsini-Odescalchi
3610:Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi
3384:S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini
3379:S. Giovanni a Porta Latina
2652:Temple of Apollo Palatinus
1551:Janiculum Hill (Gianicolo)
1546:Esquiline Hill (Esquilino)
1471:Monument to Cola di Rienzo
1403:Giovanni Battista Piranesi
1312:
1293:
1047:Marcus Manlius Capitolinus
837:Inter duos lucos
18:
5579:The Agony and the Ecstasy
5411:
5400:
5312:
5301:
5107:
5096:
4978:Christ Carrying the Cross
4678:
4667:
4646:
4480:
4316:Palazzo delle Esposizioni
3745:Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli
3645:Palazzo della Cancelleria
3043:Column of Marcus Aurelius
2823:Basilica of Junius Bassus
2667:Temple of Hercules Victor
2657:Temple of Apollo Sosianus
2484:Arch of Septimius Severus
2101:Aicher, Peter J. (2004),
1904:Decker, Heinrich (1969).
1810:Wallace, William (2010).
1576:Quirinal Hill (Quirinale)
541:
530:
65:
5445:The Punishment of Tityus
4514:Appian Way Regional Park
4321:Pigorini National Museum
4241:Museo Civico di Zoologia
3876:della Piazza dei Quiriti
3588:List of churches in Rome
3529:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
3354:S. Croce in Via Flaminia
3329:S. Cecilia in Trastevere
3314:Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio
3294:S. Apollinare alle Terme
3274:S. Anastasia al Palatino
3259:S. Lorenzo fuori le mura
3038:Column of Antoninus Pius
2715:Largo di Torre Argentina
2687:Temple of Minerva Medica
2682:Temple of Jupiter Tonans
1990:The Life of Michelangelo
1965:10.1017/cbo9781316219706
1928:Charles De Tolnay, 1930.
1858:The Life of Michelangelo
1712:. Penguin. p. 169.
1566:Palatine Hill (Palatino)
1526:Aventine Hill (Aventino)
1356:Palazzo dei Conservatori
1321:Palazzo dei Conservatori
717:Jupiter Conservator
491:Rape of the Sabine Women
136:Palazzo dei Conservatori
19:Not to be confused with
5602:Michelangelo quadrangle
5332:Basilica of San Lorenzo
4402:Portonaccio sarcophagus
4389:Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
4366:Colossus of Constantine
4361:Augustus of Prima Porta
4336:Venanzo Crocetti Museum
4296:Museum of the Ara Pacis
4271:Museo Nazionale Etrusco
4191:Galleria Doria Pamphilj
4081:Via della Conciliazione
4041:Piazza della Repubblica
3670:Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini
3625:Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
3464:S. Maria della Vittoria
3359:S. Croce in Gerusalemme
3309:S. Bartolomeo all'Isola
3264:S. Agnese fuori le mura
2731:Porta Maggiore Basilica
2432:Obelisk of Montecitorio
1938:Fazio, Michael (2008).
1871:Fazio, Michael (2008).
1591:Viminal Hill (Viminale)
1581:Vatican Hill (Vaticano)
1215:three centuries later.
1169:Michelangelo Buonarroti
1114:Santa Maria in Aracoeli
380:(the adjective noun of
364:, dedicated to the god
196:Colossus of Constantine
160:Santa Maria in Aracoeli
5353:Piazza del Campidoglio
5284:The Conversion of Saul
5160:Salone dei Cinquecento
4832:Piccolomini Altarpiece
4712:Battle of the Centaurs
4572:Festa della Repubblica
4412:Sistine Chapel ceiling
4276:Museo Nazionale Romano
4146:Parco degli Acquedotti
4126:Villa Borghese gardens
4086:Via dei Fori Imperiali
3660:Palazzo della Consulta
3544:S. Silvestro in Capite
3449:S. Maria in Trastevere
3444:S. Maria sopra Minerva
3419:S. Maria in Montesanto
3279:S. Andrea delle Fratte
3151:Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus
3136:Mausoleum of Maxentius
3106:Catacombs of Domitilla
3014:Villa of the Quintilii
1451:
1394:
1286:
1232:
1161:Piazza del Campidoglio
1156:
1021:
1013:
1001:
337:
324:
234:
222:
167:Ancient Roman religion
128:Piazza del Campidoglio
103:
86:
5597:Michelangelo (crater)
5501:Sebastiano del Piombo
5481:Tommaso dei Cavalieri
5431:Male Back with a Flag
4946:The Genius of Victory
4705:Madonna of the Stairs
4564:Events and traditions
4371:La Bocca della Verità
4216:Jewish Museum of Rome
3710:Palazzo del Quirinale
3554:S. Sofia a Via Boccea
3414:S. Maria degli Angeli
3404:S. Maria Ausiliatrice
3284:S. Andrea della Valle
3126:Mausoleum of Augustus
3060:Five-Columns Monument
3008:Insula dell'Ara Coeli
2860:Portico Dii Consentes
2828:Basilica of Maxentius
1940:Buildings across Time
1571:Pincian Hill (Pincio)
1541:Cispian Hill (Cispio)
1445:
1392:
1325:Tommaso dei Cavalieri
1281:
1226:
1167:artist and architect
1154:
1087:Year of Four Emperors
1019:
1007:
993:
403:By the 16th century,
329:[kampiˈdɔʎʎo]
228:
206:
44:41.89333°N 12.48306°E
5651:Rome R. X Campitelli
5363:St. Peter's Basilica
5213:The Creation of Adam
4737:Arca di San Domenico
4417:Velletri Sarcophagus
4377:Laocoön and His Sons
4131:Villa Doria Pamphili
4036:Piazza della Minerva
3861:di Piazza d'Aracoeli
3750:Palazzo del Viminale
3695:Palazzo di Giustizia
3524:Sacro Cuore di Maria
3509:Ss. Quattro Coronati
3494:S. Pietro in Vincoli
3479:S. Nicola in Carcere
3474:Ss. Nereo e Achilleo
3459:S. Maria in Via Lata
3434:S. Maria in Aracoeli
3424:S. Maria in Cosmedin
3399:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
3394:S. Lorenzo in Damaso
3389:Ss. Giovanni e Paolo
3334:Ss. Celso e Giuliano
3319:S. Camillo de Lellis
2935:Theatre of Marcellus
2707:House of the Vestals
1755:on December 29, 2019
1531:Caelian Hill (Celio)
1446:The Capitoline Hill
1362:Conservatori of Rome
1212:Cordonata Capitolina
1193:St. Peter's Basilica
233:and the Servian Wall
5641:Seven hills of Rome
5476:Cecchino dei Bracci
4970:Florence, 1516–1534
4810:Florence, 1501–1505
3937:Altare della Patria
3598:Castles and palaces
3469:S. Martino ai Monti
3439:S. Maria del Popolo
3429:S. Maria in Domnica
3374:S. Francesca Romana
3344:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
3166:Tombs of Via Latina
3161:Tomb of the Scipios
3156:Tomb of the Haterii
3131:Mausoleum of Helena
2930:Stadium of Domitian
2920:Gardens of Maecenas
2896:Circus of Maxentius
2833:Basilica of Neptune
2810:Basilica Argentaria
2614:Baths of Diocletian
2587:Cloaca Circi Maximi
2459:Arch of Constantine
2427:Obelisk of Minerveo
1586:Velian Hill (Velia)
1561:Oppian Hill (Oppio)
1517:Ancient Rome portal
1473:installed in 1886.
697:Jupiter Custos
511:Tarquinius Superbus
355:Seven Hills of Rome
40: /
5590:A Season of Giants
5573:(1950 documentary)
5348:Capitoline Museums
5328:Laurentian Library
5127:Manchester Madonna
4877:Rothschild Bronzes
4729:Bologna, 1494–1495
4582:Rome Film Festival
4544:Villa Aldobrandini
4171:Capitoline Museums
4016:Clivus Capitolinus
3675:Palazzo Giustinani
3615:Castel Sant'Angelo
3559:S. Stefano Rotondo
3141:Pyramid of Cestius
2990:Palace of Domitian
2925:Gardens of Sallust
2772:Forum of Vespasian
2692:Temple of Portunus
2609:Baths of Caracalla
2146:"Capitolinus Mons"
2028:2019-01-30 at the
2009:2012-02-04 at the
1887:Giedion, Siegfried
1791:2005-05-22 at the
1619:. Merriam-Webster.
1452:
1395:
1333:Capitoline Museums
1315:Capitoline Museums
1287:
1233:
1157:
1022:
1014:
1002:
866:Dii Consentes
769:Porta Pandana
503:Tarquinius Priscus
473:, creeping to the
469:At this hill, the
432:) that surround a
430:Capitoline Museums
235:
223:
87:Collis Capitolinus
49:41.89333; 12.48306
5618:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5257:The Last Judgment
5185:(ceiling gallery)
5169:Battle of Cascina
5148:Leda and the Swan
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
4887:Tomb of Julius II
4830:Additions to the
4825:Madonna of Bruges
4735:Additions to the
4606:
4605:
4577:Rome Quadriennale
4504:Metropolitan City
4498:
4497:
4181:Galleria Borghese
4056:Piazza San Pietro
4031:Piazza del Popolo
4026:Piazza d'Aracoeli
3999:and public spaces
3881:di Piazza Nicosia
3871:di Piazza Farnese
3866:di Piazza Colonna
3740:Palazzo Valentini
3630:Palazzo Barberini
3324:S. Carlo al Corso
3223:
3222:
3214:Ponte Sant'Angelo
3171:Tomb of Priscilla
3111:Catacombs of Rome
2985:House of Augustus
2974:Domus Transitoria
2940:Theatre of Pompey
2867:Porticus Octaviae
2757:Forum of Augustus
2662:Temple of Hadrian
2474:Arch of Gallienus
2464:Arch of Dolabella
2422:Flaminian Obelisk
2198:Landmarks of Rome
2131:978-88-370-6062-6
2112:978-0-86516-473-4
2054:Harper, Douglas.
1719:978-0-140-44964-8
1635:Oxford dictionary
1536:Capitoline Brutus
1432:Castor and Pollux
1393:Palazzo Senatorio
1385:Palazzo Senatorio
1261:Charles de Tolnay
1102:Temple of Veiovis
985:
984:
821:of Divus Augustus
523:Temple of Jupiter
428:(now housing the
201:
200:
176:Temple of Veiovis
172:Temple of Jupiter
132:Palazzo Senatorio
5658:
5557:Replicas of the
5511:Luigi del Riccio
5486:Vittoria Colonna
5413:
5402:
5314:
5303:
5234:Prophet Jeremiah
5109:
5098:
5071:Palestrina Pietà
5064:Florentine Pietà
4904:Rebellious Slave
4689:
4688: 1488–1492
4686:
4680:
4669:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4610:
4430:
4355:Apollo Belvedere
4251:Museo delle Mura
4071:Via dei Coronari
4061:Piazza di Spagna
3755:Palazzo Wedekind
3715:Palazzo Pamphilj
3640:Palazzo Borghese
3549:S. Sisto Vecchio
3077:Porticus Aemilia
3049:Column of Phocas
3031:Column monuments
2792:Forum Holitorium
2697:Temple of Saturn
2604:Baths of Agrippa
2520:Aqua Alexandrina
2452:Triumphal arches
2449:
2321:Castra Praetoria
2191:
2184:
2177:
2168:
2161:Roma Interactive
2134:
2115:
2089:
2088:
2079:. 60/62: 36–53.
2072:
2066:
2065:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2036:
2019:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1816:
1815:
1807:
1796:
1783:
1777:
1776:, pp. 42–71
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1751:. Archived from
1745:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1705:
1696:
1684:
1678:
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1669:
1666:
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1641:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1607:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1497:Washington, D.C.
1375:coffered ceiling
1269:Benito Mussolini
1189:Christian church
1108:Medieval history
1032:Temple of Saturn
995:Temple of Saturn
979:
970:
961:
950:
940:
930:
921:
910:
899:
890:
879:
868:
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636:
627:
616:
607:
594:
587:
578:
567:
558:
546:
536:
528:
499:Capitoline Triad
459:Washington, D.C.
378:Mons Capitolinus
372:first meant the
353:, is one of the
344:
338:Mons Capitolinus
331:
315:
311:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
292:
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191:Roman sculptures
106:
89:
58:
55:
54:
52:
51:
50:
45:
41:
38:
37:
36:
33:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5646:Piazzas in Rome
5631:Capitoline Hill
5621:
5620:
5619:
5606:
5532:Casa Buonarroti
5515:
5496:Gherardo Perini
5491:Ascanio Condivi
5464:
5407:
5388:
5368:Tor San Michele
5358:Palazzo Farnese
5336:
5308:
5289:
5262:
5183:
5175:
5154:
5112:Panel paintings
5103:
5084:
5079:Rondanini Pietà
5049:Rome, 1534–1564
5044:
4965:
4939:Awakening Slave
4881:
4805:
4769:Rome, 1496–1500
4764:
4743:Saint Petronius
4724:
4687:
4674:
4663:
4642:
4637:
4607:
4602:
4586:
4558:
4534:Hadrian's Villa
4506:of Rome Capital
4505:
4494:
4490:Monte Testaccio
4476:
4421:
4340:
4311:Palazzo Colonna
4157:
4150:
4108:
4100:
4011:Campo de' Fiori
3998:
3986:
3930:Other landmarks
3925:
3901:Quattro Fontane
3779:
3765:Villa Farnesina
3760:Palazzo Zuccari
3730:Palazzo Ruspoli
3665:Palazzo Farnese
3655:Palazzo Colonna
3593:
3573:
3454:S. Maria in Via
3230:
3219:
3182:
3177:Vigna Randanini
3087:
3083:Trajan's Market
3064:
3055:Trajan's Column
3026:
2960:Domus Augustana
2944:
2879:
2797:
2762:Forum of Caesar
2735:
2702:Temple of Vesta
2672:Temple of Janus
2628:
2624:Baths of Trajan
2592:
2567:
2534:Aqua Anio Novus
2527:Aqua Anio Vetus
2500:
2443:
2436:
2417:Lateran Obelisk
2402:
2205:Walls and gates
2200:
2195:
2163:(archived link)
2142:
2132:
2119:
2113:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2074:
2073:
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2043:
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2030:Wayback Machine
2020:
2016:
2011:Wayback Machine
2001:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1952:
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1793:Wayback Machine
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1699:
1692:Ab urbe condita
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1479:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1387:
1358:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1298:
1292:
1290:Marcus Aurelius
1282:Replica of the
1237:Étienne Dupérac
1229:Étienne Dupérac
1221:
1191:in the form of
1149:
1110:
1024:
987:
981:
980:
976:
973:
971:
967:
964:
962:
958:
956:
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946:
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941:
936:
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927:
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893:
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869:
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826:
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675:
671:
668:
666:
662:
660:
657:
655:
651:
648:
646:
642:
639:
637:
633:
632:Theatre of
630:
628:
624:
622:
619:
617:
610:
608:
604:
602:
600:
597:
595:
590:
588:
584:
581:
579:
574:
570:
568:
561:
559:
553:
548:
533:Capitoline Hill
531:
467:
465:Ancient history
345:), between the
313:
312:-it-ə-lyne, kə-
309:
283:
250:
246:
243:Capitoline Hill
180:Ludi Capitolini
61:Capitoline Hill
48:
46:
42:
39:
34:
31:
29:
27:
26:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5664:
5662:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5623:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5592:(1990 TV film)
5586:
5575:
5567:
5562:
5554:
5546:
5541:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5506:Febo di Poggio
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5419:
5417:
5416:Works on paper
5409:
5408:
5405:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5320:
5318:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5272:
5270:
5268:Pauline Chapel
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5227:Prophet Isaiah
5223:
5220:Prophet Daniel
5216:
5209:
5202:
5189:
5187:
5181:Sistine Chapel
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5164:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5144:
5137:
5134:The Entombment
5130:
5123:
5115:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5094:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5067:
5060:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:Medici Madonna
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4983:Medici Chapel
4981:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4892:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4792:Standing Cupid
4788:
4781:
4777:Sleeping Cupid
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4750:Saint Proculus
4746:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4697:Head of a Faun
4692:
4690:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4613:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4560:
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4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
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4531:
4526:
4521:
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4508:
4500:
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4496:
4495:
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4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
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4438:
4436:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4380:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Galleria Spada
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4176:Casa di Goethe
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4141:Villa Torlonia
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4106:Parks, gardens
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4066:Piazza Venezia
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Piazza Farnese
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4021:Piazza Colonna
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:Trevi Fountain
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:di Ponte Sisto
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Palazzo Riario
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Palazzo Mattei
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3685:Palazzo Madama
3682:
3680:Lateran Palace
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3579:Other churches
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:Roman Catholic
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3202:Pons Fabricius
3198:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3011:
3004:
3002:Villa of Livia
2999:
2996:Villa Gordiani
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:Flavian Palace
2977:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2901:Circus of Nero
2898:
2893:
2891:Circus Maximus
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2839:Basilica Ulpia
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2817:Basilica Julia
2813:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:Trajan's Forum
2774:
2769:
2767:Forum of Nerva
2764:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
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2654:
2649:
2644:
2636:
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2629:
2627:
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2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
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2590:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Arch of Drusus
2466:
2461:
2455:
2453:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2326:Janiculum Wall
2323:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2282:San Sebastiano
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2212:Aurelian Walls
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2141:
2140:External links
2138:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2067:
2046:
2037:
2014:
1995:
1980:
1973:
1945:
1930:
1921:
1914:
1896:
1878:
1863:
1841:
1817:
1797:
1778:
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1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1504:
1501:
1478:
1475:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1424:
1415:
1412:
1386:
1383:
1357:
1354:
1350:Comune di Roma
1340:
1337:
1313:Main article:
1310:
1307:
1294:Main article:
1291:
1288:
1220:
1217:
1203:The sequence,
1148:
1145:
1141:Cola di Rienzo
1112:The church of
1109:
1106:
1008:Statue of the
983:
982:
972:
966:Temple of
963:
952:
942:
935:Temple of
932:
926:Temple of
923:
915:Temple of
912:
901:
892:
881:
873:Temple of
870:
861:
852:
841:
834:
825:
816:
799:
795:Piety (Pietas)
786:
773:
766:
757:
746:
738:Temple of
735:
726:
721:
715:Temple of
712:
705:Temple of
702:
695:Temple of
692:
685:
676:
670:Temple of
667:
659:Temple of
656:
650:Temple of
647:
638:
629:
621:Temple of
618:
609:
599:Temple of
596:
589:
580:
569:
560:
547:
538:
537:
466:
463:
362:Mons Saturnius
351:Campus Martius
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
184:Aedes Tensarum
169:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
148:Aedes Tensarum
125:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
99:
92:
91:
82:
75:
74:
63:
62:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5663:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5403:
5399:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5300:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5248:Prophet Jonah
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5095:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5039:Crouching Boy
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:Bearded Slave
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4871:Saint Matthew
4868:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4681:
4677:
4670:
4666:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:List of works
4649:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4627:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
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4554:Villa Farnese
4552:
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4408:
4407:Raphael Rooms
4405:
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4400:
4398:
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4390:
4386:
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4256:Museo di Roma
4254:
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4182:
4179:
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4163:
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4159:
4158:art galleries
4153:
4147:
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4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
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4111:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4094:
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4076:Via del Corso
4074:
4072:
4069:
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4064:
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4059:
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4052:
4051:Piazza Navona
4049:
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4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
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4009:
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4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3982:Spanish Steps
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Milizie Tower
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
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3952:Capocci Tower
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3896:Quattro Fiumi
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3735:Palazzo Spada
3733:
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3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
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3690:Palazzo Malta
3688:
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3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
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3661:
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3650:Palazzo Chigi
3648:
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3643:
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3504:S. Pudenziana
3502:
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3257:
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3124:
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3119:
3117:
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3112:
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3101:
3100:Casal Rotondo
3097:
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3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3073:
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3067:
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3036:
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3033:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3019:Villa of the
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
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2991:
2988:
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2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:Entertainment
2882:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
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2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
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2807:
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2800:
2794:
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2789:
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2785:Forum Boarium
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
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2755:
2754:
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2752:Imperial fora
2750:
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2742:
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2724:
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2631:
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2619:Baths of Nero
2617:
2615:
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2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2588:
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2580:Cloaca Maxima
2577:
2576:
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2570:
2564:
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2559:
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2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2489:Arch of Titus
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Arch of Janus
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
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2442:Ancient Roman
2439:
2433:
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2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
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2410:
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2391:Querquetulana
2389:
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2314:Santo Spirito
2312:
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2297:
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2267:San Pancrazio
2265:
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2240:
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2068:
2063:
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2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1974:9781108083249
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1934:
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1925:
1922:
1917:
1915:9780500231074
1911:
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1715:
1711:
1710:The Histories
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1698:
1694:
1693:
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1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1414:Palazzo Nuovo
1413:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
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1347:
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1262:
1257:
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1242:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:Pope Paul III
1170:
1166:
1162:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:papal control
1134:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Julius Caesar
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
978:
969:
960:
948:
938:
929:
928:Mens (?)
920:
909:
908:
898:
897:
889:
878:
867:
858:
849:
848:
838:
831:
830:
822:
813:
796:
783:
770:
763:
754:
753:
743:
732:
718:
708:
698:
689:
682:
681:
673:
664:
653:
644:
635:
626:
615:
614:
606:
593:
586:
577:
576:
566:
565:
557:
556:
552:
545:
540:
539:
534:
529:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
487:Tarpeian Rock
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
451:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
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414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
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391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
304:
244:
240:
232:
227:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
197:
194:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
149:
145:
141:
140:Palazzo Nuovo
137:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
114:
110:
107:
105:
100:
97:
93:
90:
88:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
59:
56:
53:
22:
5589:
5581:(1961 novel,
5578:
5570:
5558:
5550:
5549:Replicas of
5536:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5324:New Sacristy
5307:Architecture
5282:
5275:
5255:
5246:
5241:Prophet Joel
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5211:
5204:
5197:
5167:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5077:
5069:
5062:
5055:
5037:
5030:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4976:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4869:
4864:Taddei Tondo
4862:
4855:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4837:Saints Peter
4836:
4823:
4816:
4798:
4790:
4783:
4775:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4695:
4657:✻ attributed
4650:
4640:Michelangelo
4598:Vatican City
4549:Villa d'Este
4539:Ostia Antica
4519:Capo di Bove
4485:Tiber Island
4451:
4394:
4387:
4375:
4353:
4136:Villa Medici
3977:Sisto Bridge
3947:Campo Verano
3851:del Pantheon
3796:Acqua Felice
3775:Villa Madama
3770:Villa Giulia
3720:Palazzo Poli
3586:
3484:S. Pancrazio
3369:S. Eustachio
3349:S. Crisogono
3299:Ss. Apostoli
3212:
3208:Ponte Milvio
3200:
3195:Pons Cestius
3193:
3175:
3098:
3075:
3020:
3006:
2994:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2950:
2949:Palaces and
2912:Ludus Magnus
2910:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2815:
2808:
2790:
2783:
2713:
2639:
2597:Public baths
2585:
2578:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2541:Aqua Claudia
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2493:
2346:Caelimontana
2341:Servian Wall
2331:Terreus Wall
2304:Cavalleggeri
2299:Leonine Wall
2277:San Giovanni
2160:
2157:"Capitolium"
2149:
2121:
2102:
2076:
2070:
2059:
2049:
2040:
2033:Art in Print
2032:
2021:Lowe, Adam.
2017:
1998:
1989:
1983:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1933:
1924:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1836:Michelangelo
1835:
1811:
1781:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:the original
1728:
1709:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1625:
1614:
1611:"Capitoline"
1605:
1493:Capitol Hill
1486:
1482:
1480:
1468:
1453:
1429:
1417:
1396:
1379:
1373:and a flat,
1371:entablatures
1359:
1342:
1318:
1299:
1273:
1264:
1249:
1241:Michelangelo
1234:
1211:
1209:
1202:
1181:
1158:
1147:Michelangelo
1130:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1091:
1036:
1023:
986:
904:
894:
843:
836:
827:
768:
759:
748:
687:
679:
611:
571:
562:
554:
550:
532:
518:
506:
468:
455:Capitol Hill
448:
444:
442:
438:Michelangelo
423:
419:
416:
408:
404:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
361:
359:
242:
238:
236:
101:
84:
25:
21:Capitol Hill
4932:Atlas Slave
4918:Young Slave
4911:Dying Slave
4889:, 1505–1545
4857:Pitti Tondo
4434:Seven Hills
4156:Museums and
3962:Conti Tower
3816:Il Facchino
3801:Acqua Paola
3499:S. Prassede
3339:S. Clemente
3269:S. Agostino
3021:sette bassi
2967:Domus Aurea
2853:Curia Julia
2747:Roman Forum
2562:Aqua Tepula
2555:Aqua Marcia
2495:Arcus Novus
2336:Romuli Wall
1774:Aicher 2004
1556:Monte Mario
1460:Roman Forum
1366:giant order
1303:Constantine
1265:Caput mundi
1185:Roman Forum
1165:Renaissance
1098:Roman Forum
1051:Roman geese
999:Roman Forum
937:Fides
907:Argentarius
782:Hope (Spes)
752:Capitolinus
680:Auguraculum
515:human skull
483:Roman Forum
420:Campidoglio
407:had become
405:Capitolinus
368:. The word
325:Campidoglio
231:Seven Hills
216:Constantine
212:scale model
104:Campidoglio
68:seven hills
66:One of the
47: /
5625:Categories
5584:1965 film)
5141:Doni Tondo
4683:Florence,
4673:Sculptures
4452:Capitoline
4096:Via Veneto
4006:Appian Way
3906:Tartarughe
3364:S. Eugenio
3304:S. Balbina
2874:Tabularium
2548:Aqua Julia
2513:Aqua Appia
2371:Fontinalis
2287:Settimiana
2095:References
1640:2016-01-20
1483:Capitolium
1426:Balustrade
1256:travertine
1094:Tabularium
1067:Civil Wars
643:Holitorium
613:Tabularium
555:Capitolina
445:Capitolium
417:Capitolium
409:Capitolino
398:Capitolium
382:Capitolium
370:Capitolium
239:Capitolium
144:Tabularium
118:Campitelli
35:12°28′59″E
32:41°53′36″N
5379:Porta Pia
5102:Paintings
4457:Esquiline
4426:Landscape
4121:Villa Ada
4091:Via Sacra
3836:Navicella
3811:Barcaccia
3784:Fountains
3569:S. Vitale
3564:S. Teresa
3519:S. Sabina
3231:basilicas
2906:Colosseum
2641:Ara Pacis
2633:Religious
2505:Aqueducts
2444:landmarks
2396:Trigemina
2376:Gallienus
2366:Esquilina
2361:Dolabella
2292:Tiburtina
2272:San Paolo
2242:Nomentana
2217:Ardeatina
2056:"Capitol"
1759:March 30,
1598:Footnotes
1477:Influence
1456:cordonata
1448:cordonata
1438:Cordonata
1329:pediments
1252:cordonata
1245:trapezoid
1205:cordonata
1177:Charles V
1037:When the
1028:Parthenon
896:Tullianum
877:and Titus
875:Vespasian
709: (?)
699: (?)
663:Feretrius
634:Marcellus
585:Imperiali
443:The word
124:Buildings
5459:Epifania
5317:Florence
4719:Crucifix
4529:Frascati
4467:Quirinal
4462:Palatine
4442:Aventine
4116:Bioparco
4109:and zoos
3821:Marforio
3489:Pantheon
3409:S. Marco
3069:Commerce
2846:Comitium
2726:Pantheon
2721:Lupercal
2409:obelisks
2407:Ancient
2381:Viminale
2252:Pinciana
2237:Metronia
2232:Maggiore
2222:Asinaria
2085:40067217
2026:Archived
2007:Archived
1889:(1941).
1789:Archived
1503:See also
1420:Aracoeli
1408:Dea Roma
1399:Peperino
975:Basilica
847:Jugarius
731:Tensarum
592:Velabrum
495:Vulcanal
349:and the
208:Gismondi
155:Churches
5520:Related
5330:in the
5193:Ceiling
4849:Gregory
4785:Bacchus
4591:Enclave
4472:Viminal
4447:Caelian
3996:streets
3992:Squares
3921:Tritone
3916:Tritons
3846:Nettuno
3841:Neptune
3806:Babuino
3514:S. Saba
3187:Bridges
2356:Collina
2309:Pertusa
2262:Portese
1488:capitol
1309:Palazzi
1133:commune
1079:brother
1063:triumph
1057:. When
1039:Senones
1026:as the
1010:Minerva
997:in the
919:Erycina
888:Concord
864:Portico
857:Martius
812:Sospita
740:Jupiter
707:Concord
672:Veiovis
661:Jupiter
652:Bellona
605:Maximus
603:Optimus
601:Jupiter
575:Romanum
479:Tarpeia
475:Citadel
471:Sabines
450:capitol
425:palazzi
413:Italian
321:Italian
96:Italian
5469:Milieu
5057:Brutus
5032:Apollo
4953:Rachel
3856:Pianto
3831:Nasone
2951:villae
2572:Sewers
2386:Naevia
2351:Capena
2257:Popolo
2227:Latina
2128:
2109:
2083:
1971:
1912:
1716:
1695:, 1:33
1491:. The
1464:basalt
1239:shows
1231:, 1569
1219:Piazza
1125:insula
1083:nephew
1075:Brutus
968:Saturn
959:Scipio
947:of Ops
945:Temple
905:Clivus
884:Temple
855:Campus
829:Asylum
819:Temple
810:
804:
802:Temple
791:
789:Temple
778:
776:Temple
762:Gradus
760:Centus
750:Clivus
742:Tonans
625:Moneta
453:, and
434:piazza
415:, and
396:. The
366:Saturn
5559:Pietà
5551:David
4995:Night
4897:Moses
4818:David
4800:Pietà
4757:Angel
4660:†lost
4396:Pietà
4226:MAXXI
3092:Tombs
2802:Civic
2081:JSTOR
1043:Allia
977:Julia
917:Venus
845:Vicus
729:Aedes
723:Altar
688:Iseum
641:Forum
573:Forum
519:caput
390:Tolus
386:caput
347:Forum
334:Latin
113:Rione
79:Latin
5341:Rome
5326:and
5016:Dawn
5009:Dusk
4960:Leah
4847:and
4845:Pius
4841:Paul
3826:Moro
2740:Fora
2126:ISBN
2107:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1761:2012
1714:ISBN
1687:Livy
1092:The
1081:and
1071:omen
1055:Juno
955:Arch
808:Juno
623:Juno
583:Fori
551:Area
535:plan
394:Olus
237:The
98:name
81:name
72:Rome
5002:Day
4346:Art
3791:Api
3605:Arx
2247:Pia
2159:at
1961:doi
1495:in
1119:arx
1053:of
949:(?)
939:(?)
564:Arx
457:in
411:in
392:or
314:PIT
310:KAP
241:or
210:'s
70:of
5627::
4843:,
4839:,
4685:c.
3994:,
2058:.
1967:.
1844:^
1820:^
1800:^
1740:^
1700:^
1689:,
1633:.
1613:.
1335:.
957:of
886:of
806:of
793:of
780:of
507:r.
440:.
357:.
336::
332:;
323::
319:;
303:-/
276:aɪ
218:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
146:,
142:,
138:,
134:,
130:,
5370:✻
5172:†
5151:†
5074:✻
4795:†
4780:†
4700:†
4632:e
4625:t
4618:v
3943:)
3939:(
3051:"
3047:"
2190:e
2183:t
2176:v
2135:.
2116:.
2087:.
2064:.
1977:.
1963::
1918:.
1893:.
1795:.
1763:.
1735:.
1722:.
1643:.
505:(
316:-
300:t
297:ɪ
294:p
291:ˈ
288:ə
285:k
282:,
279:n
273:l
270:ə
267:t
264:ɪ
261:p
258:æ
255:k
252:ˈ
249:/
245:(
23:.
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