Capture of Beaumont-Hamel - Knowledge (XXG)

2141:. The British infantry hugged the creeping barrage and had an overhead machine-gun barrage to keep the Germans on the ridge east of Beaumont-Hamel under cover. The fog protected the British infantry from German return fire but also made it difficult to keep direction and the mud slowed the advance. The divisions north of the 51st (Highland) Division encountered uncut wire and were repulsed, except at the junction with the 2nd Division where the German first position was overrun. German machine-gunners in Beaumont-Hamel repulsed the frontal attack but the village was enveloped to the south and north, eventually to surrender later in the day. Infantry–artillery co-ordination was vastly superior to 1 July and was more destructive, cutting wire, demolishing German fortifications and isolating the German defenders from their supports. Mopping up captured ground was also more efficient and two platoons were set aside to capture two battalion HQs in the village which had been identified from captured documents. The synchronisation of infantry and artillery was still prone to breaking down, preventing a further advance and the British suffered many casualties but a significant success had been achieved. 2089:

hand-grenade burst in the trench. The Germans rushed out of the dugouts throwing a hand-grenade each for cover as they took post on the fire step, part of the defence drill. The Germans opened fire with rifles and machine-guns into the fog and the British arrived in groups rather than skirmish lines (soldiers walked up to the trench with rifles slung, smoking cigarettes and one soldier already in the trench was captured). The Germans fired red and white SOS rockets for a counter-bombardment but these were invisible and the rest were thrown in front of the German defences to illuminate no man's land. Many British troops were shot down, some toppling into the trench and the rest retiring. The Germans held off the attack for two hours and then it faded away, the defenders having overcome deprivation, the extravagant number of shells available to the British, superior numbers and the RFC.

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right through the positions of 1 Company. The garrison formed a defensive flank to the right and opened fire, causing many casualties; some British parties turned towards the Germans and were shot down, apparently unaware that the area had not been overrun. The British replied with machine-gun fire and forced the Germans back under cover, thinking that reinforcements had arrived and were working forward, ignorant of the positions of German troops who had not been overrun. Another machine-gun enfiladed the trench from the right and a figure emerged from the mist to the rear. The man was a German officer who announced that he was a prisoner and that the British were in the support and reserve trenches and Beaumont-Hamel. The Germans were short of ammunition and after a discussion the officers decided to surrender. A British party began to bomb up the trench and

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constant digging. The British also fired gas shells, which caught out some of the German troops, the commander of the machine-gun company being killed. The suffering of the gas casualties added to the strain on the survivors, as they could not be evacuated through the shellfire. During the afternoon the rain stopped and in the night the bombardment suddenly stopped; everything went quiet. At dawn the German infantry formed up on dugout steps as they had become accustomed to by the sound of British preparations but the quiet continued and a thick mist rose. Trench sentries could see and hear nothing. Suddenly, supplies, food, ammunition and the unit mailbags arrived, the carriers having exploited the lull. The tension relaxed but the troops remained watchful and a sentry suddenly heard something, a rhythmic bumping of boots plodding through mud.

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fire onto it, silencing the guns. The Germans found that the communication between British artillery aircraft and the guns was excellent, the aircraft flying continuous sorties over the German positions and rear areas. If the aircraft received fire from the Germans the section of trench would be shelled extensively soon afterwards. The accuracy of British shelling of communication trenches, when successive shots landed along them, making it pointless to repair them was also ascribed to the communication between RFC aircraft and the British artillery. Delivery of food to the front line was interrupted and men had to subsist on dry bread. In early November there was continuous rain and trenches began to be washed into dugouts; it became impossible to stay dry. Boots began to rot and some soldiers became too chilled to speak.

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the Hawthorn Redoubt crater; the few men who got into the German front line were killed. The 1st Lancashire Fusiliers on the left advanced with two companies forward, with a 100-man bombing party plus two machine-guns and four Stokes mortars, which had advanced along a sap to a sunken road in the middle of no man's land. The attack was halted short of the sunken road by German small-arms fire; when soldiers showed themselves, they were shot down and only about fifty men reached the low bank beyond. German guns had placed a barrage on the British lines as soon as the attack began and the trenches filled with walking wounded and stretcher cases, obstructing the move forward of the 1st Royal Dublin Fusiliers and the 16th Middlesex. The two battalions crossed the front line just before

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German front line ran along small salients and re-entrants, with plenty of cover in the valleys behind and well-camouflaged dugouts and house cellars. Beaumont-Hamel had been fortified and from it, German machine-gunners commanded the valley in front; artillery-observers on Beaucourt ridge had a good view over the British lines; even the British field guns could be seen. From the British front line, only the German front and support trenches were visible down the slope; its convex nature obstructed British heavy artillery and much of it remained undamaged on 1 July. The 29th Division held the east side of the Auchonvillers spur, its right flank north-east of the Auhonvillers–Beaumont-Hamel road and the left flank close to the top of Beaumont-Hamel valley, next to the

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weather, in positions formerly of high quality but reduced to wreckage by the British preliminary bombardment and the mud. The companies of IR 62 had been down to 80–90 men when it went into the line and 172 casualties by 10 November further reduced its efficiency. One company was caught in a gas shoot on 12 November but was not relieved because there were no fresh troops available. Everyone had coughs and colds, stomach upsets and increasing thirst and hunger as supply parties found it impossible to move forward or remove casualties. A few days before the British attack the telephone lines were cut, trenches were obliterated and the British advance during the

264: 1488:. In April, Falkenhayn had suggested a spoiling attack by the 6th Army but lack of troops and artillery, which were engaged in the offensive at Verdun, made it impractical. Some labour battalions and captured Russian heavy artillery were sent to the 2nd Army. Below proposed a preventive attack in May and then a reduced operation from Ovillers to St. Pierre Divion in June but only received another artillery regiment. On 6 June, Below reported that an offensive at Fricourt and Gommecourt had been indicated by air reconnaissance and that the south bank had been reinforced by the French, against whom the 2121:) north of Beaumont-Hamel but this was abandoned early on 2 July. The British bombardment had been dispersed over too large an area and counter-battery fire had failed to neutralise the German guns. The British barrage had moved forward too far too quickly and the German machine-gunners were able promptly to engage the attackers, who lost so many officers that the survivors became disorganised. The British battalions in support could not be stopped and troops who broke through the German front trench were isolated by German parties, who emerged behind them from undamaged dugouts ( 1602: 2201: 183: 48: 167: 152: 137: 2069:(Beaucourt Trench). The troops found that the dugouts were well made, the chalk walls and roofs needing no support and many being connected by tunnels. There were plenty of hand grenades but very few machine-guns, although those available had been dug into good positions with wide fields of fire. The front trench was found to be in fairly good repair but constant work was needed to keep it open, particularly in the small salient around 1452: 2127:). The only surprise achieved was the effect of the German artillery and machine-guns; the disaster was made worse by the confusion which led to German flares being taken for the British signal for success. The 88th Brigade was ordered to attack and the lone advance of the 1st Newfoundland after the 1st Essex were delayed by the congestion of dead and dying in the trenches, led to the second worst battalion casualties of the day. 2047:

from Munich Trench later in the morning to Wagon Road where they were joined by part of a reserve battalion. On the left flank of the attack, a battalion took over the defensive flank south of the Quadrilateral–Lager Alley, which was linked to the British trench by Cat Street tunnel. Believing that Munich Trench had been captured, two battalions were ordered to attack Frankfort Trench at

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objective (yellow line) at Frankfort Trench with three battalions, while the fourth provided carrying parties. Six minutes before zero, the leading battalion of the right-flank brigade moved beyond the British wire and advanced when the new 30,000 lb (13 long tons; 14 t) mine at Hawthorn Crater was blown, passed the east end of

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given specific objectives in the German defences. The defenders were exhausted before the battle began and where the British artillery had cut the wire, were unable to repulse the attack. The defenders of Beaumont-Hamel repulsed a frontal attack by the Highlanders but were surrounded in the fog and surrendered later in the day.

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Hawthorn Crater and by massed machine-gun fire north of the Auchonvillers–Beaumont-Hamel road. Two tanks were sent up, one bogging between the German front and support lines and the other north of the village. Consolidation began and three battalions were withdrawn to the German reserve line and reinforced at

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The Germans took post and waited for the machine-guns on the right flank to open fire but instead a huge explosion occurred under the machine-gun post and shrapnel shells and mortar bombs fell along the line of the front trench. A sentry in an advanced machine-gun post shouted "They're coming!" and a

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British air superiority was demonstrated when heavy mortars were brought up to bombard the German lines. The mortar positions were identified in a sunken road and an artillery battery engaged them but before long, British artillery-observation aircraft located the battery and directed counter-battery

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Units which reached Munich Trench were severely depleted and confusion reigned when some German troops wanted to surrender and others fought on. On the left flank, Lager Alley was crossed unrecognised because of the bombardment and the troops extended the British hold on Serre Trench. Troops withdrew

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to Hawthorn Ridge, across the Beaumont-Hamel valley to the Beaucourt spur and the Grandcourt spur, west of Serre. No man's land tapered from south to north from 500 to 200 yd (460 to 180 m) and was devoid of cover, except for a sunken lane north of the Auchonvillers–Beaumont-Hamel road. The

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outflanked Beaumont-Hamel on both sides and forced the garrison to surrender. Infantry and artillery co-operation was conspicuously superior to 1 July; barrages were better aimed and more destructive, cut off the German front line from the rear and neutralised German guns; mopping up parties had been

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platoons collapsed, only about two sections getting out. A company in a large dugout were trapped when all four entrances were blown in, the troops being trapped until the British retreated. The situation at the crater was called "critical" and a two-platoon counter-attack worked forward from crater

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were visible, one for each British division but no reinforcements were sent to the area until 1 July and only then to the 6th Army, which was given control of the three divisions in reserve behind it. At Verdun on 24 June, Crown Prince Wilhelm was ordered to conserve troops, ammunition and equipment

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and the second position, all within 2,000 yd (1,800 m) of the front line, most of the troops being no more than 1,000 yd (910 m) from the front line, accommodated in the new deep dugouts. The concentration of troops so far forward and on the slope, guaranteed that they would face

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The garrison heard loud cheers from Beaumont-Hamel to their rear, which was taken to be the arrival of reinforcements and then a line of German soldiers was seen through the mist, with British troops around them. The mist thinned somewhat and the Germans saw lines of British troops advancing on the

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deep below the villages near the front-line. On 13 November, a mist helped the British advance but many units lost the barrage as they struggled through mud. Both brigades of the 51st (Highland) Division attacked the first objective (green line) at Station Road and Beaumont-Hamel and then the final

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de Lisle received information about the disaster and he stopped the forward move of any more infantry and brought back the barrage from the fourth objective, at the far side of Beaumont-Hamel valley but only by 300–400 yd (270–370 m) since the positions of British troops were not certain.

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The trenches of the front position were on a forward slope, lined by white chalk from the subsoil and easily seen by ground observers. The defences were crowded towards the front trench, with a regiment having two battalions near the front-trench system and the reserve battalion divided between the

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and into the front trench, where they were killed. The 1st Essex attacked as soon as it could and was bombarded by artillery from the right and machine-guns from the left as soon as the men emerged from cover; a few still managed to reach the German defences where they were killed. The remnants of

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Exaggerated reports that troops of the 87th Brigade had been seen advancing down the valley to the German support line and that white success flares had been seen, led de Lisle to think that the attack on the right had broken through and that only a few machine-guns were temporarily holding up the

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was to capture Beaumont-Hamel, out of sight at the bottom of the valley. German small-arms fire began as soon as the troops left the British trenches, five minutes before zero hour. The 2nd Royal Fusiliers on the right lost many men but a party of about forty veered to the left and joined those in

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but the fire of German machine-guns led both commanders asking for a pause to re-bombard the German lines; white flares fired by the Germans were mistaken for the British signal that the first objective had been taken and the attack went ahead. The infantry bunched at the lanes through the British

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In German accounts, much of the German wire on the front of the 26th Reserve Division had been cut, trenches obliterated, shelters and the buildings of Beaumont-Hamel had been demolished with so many shells that the craters overlapped. Troops of Reserve Infantry Regiment 119, sheltering under the

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was ordered to move its two advanced battalions up behind the 87th Brigade, keeping the other two in reserve. The commander assembled the two battalions along the Hamel-Auchonvilliers road because the trenches were blocked, ready to attack on a 1,000 yd (910 m) front, between the right

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Many of the German units on the Somme had been there since 1914 and had made great efforts to fortify the defensive line, particularly with barbed-wire entanglements so that the front trench could be held with fewer troops. Railways, roads and waterways connected the battlefront to the Ruhr from

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were to wait behind the infantry to repair roads, build water points and consolidate strong points during the night. Three tunnels were dug forward on the 29th Division front and a mine with 40,000 lb (18 long tons; 18 t) was placed under Hawthorn Ridge redoubt opposite Beaumont-Hamel.

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In 2017, Jack Sheldon wrote that in the 12th Division area, many machine-guns available on 1 July had been transferred and the remainder had less effect because of the fog. The men of IR 62 were in very poor condition by 13 December, having been in the line since the end of October, in dreadful

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another battalion reinforced the attack. Troops skirted the ravine to the north and early in the afternoon, a battalion from the reserve brigade, attacked Beaumont-Hamel from the south, joined by troops in the vicinity. The left-flank brigade was held up in places by uncut wire to the south of

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On 12 November, the attack seemed imminent, as the British guns bombarded the front line and the trench garrisons sheltered underground, the air in the dugouts becoming foul. By the evening the trenches had been demolished and many of the dugout entrances blown in, the rest being kept open by

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had been blown. The explosion alerted the Germans nearby, who occupied the far lip of the crater and pinned down British troops in no man's land on either side, where they were caught by German artillery-fire. White German signal rockets were mistaken for success flares and the 88th Brigade,

1442:(barrage sectors). Each officer was expected to know the batteries covering his section of the front line and the batteries had to be ready to engage fleeting targets. In 1915, a second position another 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) back from the strongpoint line ( 2042:

by advancing an hour before zero but suffered many casualties from an inaccurate British barrage. Many troops got lost in the mist and some strayed into Leave Avenue in the 51st (Highland) Division area, thinking that it was Munich Trench, where they were pinned down.

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wire and were cut down by machine-guns ranged on the gaps. The survivors trickled forward from shell-hole to shell-hole until forced to stop well short of the German line. The rigidity of the corps artillery plan meant that the barrage moved on, giving no assistance.

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British artillery began to bombard it, forcing the infantry out, to shelter in shell-holes. A company tried to bomb down Leave Avenue but failed; during the night the digging of New Munich Trench began, in ignorance of the German evacuation of Munich Trench. The

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dug-outs as far as the Ancre, the regiment engaged the British from the wreckage of their trenches as soon as they appeared on the far side of no man's land. More than three sections were blown up in the Hawthorn Mine detonation and the shelters of about

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the bulk of an artillery bombardment, directed by ground observers, on clearly marked lines. Digging and wiring of a new third position began in May; civilians were moved away and stocks of ammunition and hand-grenades were increased in the front-line.

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The remnants of the division retreated along the Puisieux–Colincamps road, leaving Beaumont-Hamel undefended. The division had suffered 4,915 casualties since 21 March, the infantry losing 3,901 men. Around noon on 12 August, at the end of the

1277:(Serre) on its summit to the north, point south-west down to the river. The Colincamps–Beaucourt Spur has a slight east–west rise, north of Beaumont-Hamel, which became known as Redan Ridge to the British. In the shallow valley between the 1448:) was begun in February and was nearly complete on the Somme when the battle began. A telephone system was built with lines buried 6 ft (1.8 m) deep for 5 mi (8.0 km) to connect the front line to the artillery. 1395:

field guns were to make six lifts, starting from the German front trench at zero and lengthening their range by 50 yd (46 m) per minute. German machine-gun nests and shelters were to be destroyed by the divisional

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on the left, advanced over open ground. The Newfoundlanders attacked from reserve trenches 200 yd (180 m) back from the British front line to avoid the congestion of dead and wounded in communication trenches.

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The 29th Division was to advance 4,000 yd (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) eastwards across the Beaumont-Hamel valley to the German intermediate line on the Beaucourt spur, thence to the second position. The infantry had

2844:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (repr. Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 2997:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 1656:) on the British trenches soon after the advance began. The two battalions in support were devastated by the German guns as they moved forward to the front line. The battalions were to advance into no man's land at 1342:

at the end of July 1915. Miners brought from Germany late in 1914 tunnelled under Beaumont-Hamel and the vicinity to excavate shelters for the infantry, against which even heavy artillery could cause little damage.

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on Beaucourt Ridge, just back from the north end of Beaumont-Hamel and cut down, apart from about 120 men of the 2nd Royal Fusiliers, who reached the Hawthorn Ridge crater; no troops reached the German front line.

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The 1st Essex on the right was delayed by the congestion of dead and dying men. Many of the Newfoundlanders were hit German small-arms fire while still behind the front line but some got across no man's land near

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as the 37th Division brigade, attached to the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division advanced. The orders were late and only strong patrols could be organised in time, which were forced back by the Germans. At

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was visible but the German wire and front line was mostly out of sight on the far side of a convex (outward curving) slope. The terrain followed the line of Beaumont-Hamel valley and the edge of the

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and the road to Auchonvillers, with a branch known to the British from 1915 as Y Ravine, cutting into the south side of Hawthorn Ridge. Beaucourt Valley contains the road from Beaucourt to

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teams were to form an outpost line. Because of the taper of no man's land, the leading waves were to stagger their departure to be 100 yd (91 m) from the German front trench by

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and spies reported an imminent offensive. On 24 June, a British prisoner spoke of a five-day bombardment to begin on 26 June and local units expected an attack within days. On 27 June,

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would take the war and its devastation into Germany. More railway activity, fresh digging and camp extensions around Albert, opposite the 2nd Army, was seen by German air observers on

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After some argument, the timing of the mine detonation was set for ten minutes before zero-hour, to allow the British infantry to occupy the crater before the main attack began at

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the division had to fall back to evade envelopment and later that afternoon, the division was ordered break contact and rally on Colincamps, where divisional HQ had opened at

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and further restrictions were imposed on 1 July, when two divisions were put under Falkenhayn's control. By 30 June, the German air strength on the 2nd Army front was

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from south of the river. The loss of the village was a German defeat but despite all its difficulties, IR 62 inflicted many casualties on the Highlanders.

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In mid-June, Falkenhayn remained sceptical of an offensive on the Somme, since a great success would lead to operations in Belgium, when an offensive in

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and could see that much of the German wire was uncut and piled with British dead and wounded. The troops were swept by machine-gun fire from The

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Part of the attack was filmed and showed the detonation of the 40,000 lb (18 long tons; 18 t) mine beneath Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt at

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the British front line. The few parties that crossed no man's land found uncut wire. Reserve Infantry Regiment 119 had been in deep dugouts (

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The mine, a maze of caves and passages left by the excavators of chalk for building, then used as refuges by local civilians in time of war.

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while one battalion formed a defensive flank to the south as the positions reached by the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division were unknown.

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The preliminary bombardment lasted for seven days and was twice the weight of 1 July, cutting wire but having little effect on the

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aircraft fly towards the British lines. British aircraft appeared and shot down one of the aeroplanes and the rest turned tail.

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A seven-day bombardment cut the wire on most of the attack front and destroyed many German defensive positions, except the

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on 25 March 1918, the 51st (Highland) Division was east of Beaumont-Hamel having been fighting since the beginning of the

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How I filmed the War: a Record of the Extraordinary Experiences of the Man Who Filmed the Great Somme Battles, etc

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retired on a 6 mi (9.7 km) front between the Ancre and Bucquoy, abandoning Beaumont-Hamel and Serre.

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to crater and engaging in a bombing fight, which eventually forced back the British, except in the area of the

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Landrecies to Cambrai: Case Studies of German Offensive and Defensive Operations on the Western Front 1914–17

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme

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river, simultaneous with an attack eastwards on the north side of the river to capture Beaumont-Hamel and

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and were surprised by German machine-gun fire from Munich Trench; the survivors withdrew to Wagon Road.

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By mid-June, Below and Rupprecht expected an attack on the 2nd Army, which held the front from north of

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

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German artillery east of Beaucourt Ridge and heavy batteries beyond had commenced barrage fire (

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The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

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When the Barrage Lifts: A Topographical History and Commentary on the Battle of the Somme 1916

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Military Operations: France and Belgium, 8 August – 26 September: The Franco-British Offensive

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each had been excavated every 50 yd (46 m) and the front had been divided into

1484:, which held the front north of the 2nd Army from Gommecourt northwards to St Eloi near 1223:

By early November, the British in the south were ready to attack northwards towards the

5013: 4993: 4664: 4377: 4215: 4006: 3897: 3753: 3657: 3640: 1632: 1282: 853: 723: 590: 142: 1356:

The German front line ran northwards along the east side of Auchonvillers spur, round

5353: 5124: 4412: 4406: 3842: 3759: 3670: 2918: 2789: 1278: 735: 188: 2149:(1 October – 11 November) exposed the German defences from the Ancre to Y Ravine to 4574: 4001: 2948: 208: 3014:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

2115:

By the end of 1 July, the 29th Division retained a footing in the Quadrilateral (

1647:

the battalion had been annihilated, apart from a few men lying in no man's land.

4785: 4690: 4388: 3816: 3237: 1606:

The explosion of the mine under Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt, 1 July 1916 (Photo 1 by

2063:

moved forward to take over the defence of Beaumont-Hamel in early November via

2795:(Naval & Military Press ed.). Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. 1880: 1270: 595: 2959: 2800: 97: 84: 4580: 4347: 3055: 2189:

From 13 to 17 November, the 51st (Highland) Division suffered approximately

1636: 1400:. Two 18-pounder batteries were to be ready to move at short notice and the 1384: 1254: 1203:

including the Newfoundland Regiment, advanced from 200 yd (180 m)

1198:

ten minutes after a 40,000 lb (18 long tons; 18 t) mine under the

1812:

Objectives of the 51st (Highland) Division at Beaumont-Hamel, November 1916

1149:

during the second British attempt to take the village. Beaumont-Hamel is a

3181: 4840: 2182: 2267:

ten minutes before the infantry attack began, which alerted the Germans.

2205:

51st (Highland) Division retirement through Beaumont-Hamel 25 March 1918

1628: 1165: 305: 76: 1836:. The brigade pushed on and then withdrew slightly to Station Road. 1456:

British and German front lines on the north side of the Ancre river

1231:. On 13 November, during the Battle of the Ancre in thick fog, the 5008: 2199: 1806: 1600: 1485: 1477: 1450: 1250: 1224: 317: 2978:(Arms & Armour Press ed.). London: Weidenfeld Military. 1253:

river flows west to Hamel then turns south through a valley past

1213:) and emerged to defeat the attack. The Newfoundlanders suffered 1639:. The 1st Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers attacked to the right of 628: 3210: 3097:

Fighting the Somme: German Challenges, Dilemmas & Solutions

632: 321: 3206: 2582: 2580: 2555: 2553: 2021:

The 51st (Highland) Division was supposed to have attacked at

1417:) front, to avoid hitting the advanced parties at the crater. 2901:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: R. Maclehose. 2456: 2454: 2405: 2403: 230:

1 July: Reserve Infantry Regiment 119 (26th Reserve Division)

2378: 2376: 2173:

loss, that was second only to that of the 10th Battalion,

1781:

which was re-captured during the night. The regiment lost

3080:(Pen & Sword Military ed.). London: Leo Cooper. 1432:(dugouts) 20–30 ft (6.1–9.1 m) underground for 3143:

The Last Great Battle of the Somme: Beaumont Hamel 1916

2822:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1635:, from which the Germans could engage an attacker with 2791:

The History of the 51st (Highland) Division, 1914–1918

1854: 1721:

both battalions were pinned down in no man's land. At

3118:(Greenwood Press, NY ed.). Connecticut: Faber. 5293: 5214: 5153: 5115: 5059: 5048: 4952: 4924: 4872: 4794: 4768: 4720: 4673: 4613: 4606: 4434: 4316: 4191: 4093: 4020: 3921: 3825: 3787: 3722: 3713: 3656: 3530: 3519: 3485: 3457: 3419: 3371: 3324: 3317: 3116:

If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West

2820:

Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

1183:) defeated the attack, inflicting many British and 1138:was a tactical incident that took place during the 3180: 3054: 2947: 2917: 2788: 2722: 1619:(Brigadier-General C. H. T. Lucas) of the regular 1741:), survived. With other units of the regiment at 232:13 November: Infantry Regiment 62 (12th Division) 4183:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 3162:History of the 4th (British) Division 1914–1919 1168:. The village had been attacked on 1 July, the 28: 3222: 644: 333: 8: 2136: 2122: 2116: 2064: 1818: 1776: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1679: 1651: 1565: 1555: 1546: 1537: 1527: 1493: 1463: 1443: 1437: 1427: 1409:The barrage had to lift early all along the 1326: 1315: 1305: 1208: 5056: 4765: 4670: 4610: 3719: 3527: 3321: 3229: 3215: 3207: 651: 637: 629: 340: 326: 318: 25: 2706: 1623:attacked on the right, where the edge of 1273:and Grandcourt Spur, with the village of 4472:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 2770: 2682: 2670: 2586: 2559: 2532: 2394: 1281:and Beaucourt spurs lies the village of 4849:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 3016:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. 2899:History of the 17th (Northern) Division 2758: 2734: 2718: 2694: 2658: 2571: 2544: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2433: 2409: 2355: 2343: 2319: 2307: 2295: 2288: 2256: 3099:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 3078:The German Army on the Somme 1914–1916 2646: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2445: 2367: 2161:On 1 July, the 29th Division suffered 270: 4802:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 4138:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 3145:. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. 2746: 2421: 2382: 2331: 227:13 November: 51st (Highland) Division 7: 5206:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 2245:Battle of the Somme: order of battle 2185:. Reserve Infantry Regiment 119 had 2165:The Newfoundland Battalion suffered 1289:, which lies to the south of Serre. 5135:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 3929:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 1828:and reached the first objective at 1142:(1 July – 18 November 1916) in the 3868:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 2029:Munich Trench was occupied but at 14: 2976:The Somme: The Day-by-Day Account 1570:(single-seat fighter detachment: 4231:Second Battle of the Piave River 3853:Russian invasion of East Prussia 2897:Hilliard Atteridge, A. (2003) . 1338:(BEF) took over from the French 269: 262: 181: 165: 150: 135: 46: 5302:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 4502:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 3197:– via Archive foundation. 3071:– via Archive Foundation. 2969:– via Archive Foundation. 2941:– via Archive Foundation. 2810:– via Archive Foundation. 1735:village in deep-mined dugouts ( 1383:hours for the advance and then 5125:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 4984:Deportations from East Prussia 4781:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 3179:Prior, R.; Wilson, T. (2005). 1597:The Battle of the Somme (film) 1217:of the 29th Division total of 119:British victory 13–18 November 1: 5036:Ukrainian Canadian internment 1730:Reserve Infantry Regiment 119 1539:Artillerieflieger-Abteilungen 245: 5191:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 4490:Estonian War of Independence 4158:Southern Palestine offensive 3164:. London: The London Press. 2059:Infantry Regiment 62 of the 1832:with a stray party from the 1551:(Bomber-Fighter Squadron 1: 5145:USA against Austria-Hungary 4544:Turkish War of Independence 4496:Latvian War of Independence 4221:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 3812:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 2954:. London: Herbert Jenkins. 2147:Battle of the Ancre Heights 1843:held up the advance and at 1834:63rd (Royal Naval) Division 1694:supporting battalions. The 1560:(Bomber-Fighter Flight 32: 1336:British Expeditionary Force 1121:Western Front tactics, 1917 5386: 5228:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 4776:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 4236:Second Battle of the Marne 4123:Second battle of the Aisne 3992:Second Battle of Champagne 3833:German invasion of Belgium 2882:. Norwich: Gliddon Books. 2038:attacked Munich Trench at 1800: 1699:flank and the west end of 1590: 362:Battles of the Somme, 1916 15: 5334: 5009:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 4538:Irish War of Independence 4281:Armistice of Villa Giusti 4266:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 3878:First Battle of the Marne 3244: 2859:Edmonds, J. E. (1993a) . 2231:(8–12 August) the German 1532:(reconnaissance flights: 1136:Capture of Beaumont-Hamel 668: 359: 257: 236: 219: 194: 127: 56: 52:Battle of the Somme, 1916 45: 33: 29:Capture of Beaumont-Hamel 5161:Constantinople Agreement 4454:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 4317:Co-belligerent conflicts 4286:Second Romanian campaign 4256:Third Transjordan attack 3967:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 3873:Battle of Grand Couronné 3160:Kingston, G. P. (2006). 3031:Rogers, D., ed. (2010). 2310:, pp. 28–30, 40–41. 1797:51st (Highland) Division 1413:(Lieutenant-General Sir 1310:Franz von Soden) of the 1233:51st (Highland) Division 5224:Modus vivendi of Acroma 5176:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 4484:Greater Poland Uprising 4384:National Protection War 4261:Meuse–Argonne offensive 4211:German spring offensive 4206:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 3982:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 3957:Second Battle of Artois 3838:Battle of the Frontiers 2787:Bewsher, F. W. (1921). 2723:Hilliard Atteridge 2003 2216:German spring offensive 2175:West Yorkshire Regiment 1839:On the left, fire from 1567:Kampfeinsitzer-Kommando 1529:Feldflieger-Abteilungen 1009:German spring offensive 5249:Paris Peace Conference 5237:Ukraine–Central Powers 5031:Massacres of Albanians 4999:Late Ottoman genocides 4806:Bulgarian occupations 4514:Third Anglo-Afghan War 4478:Hungarian–Romanian War 4296:Naval Victory Bulletin 4291:Armistice with Germany 4241:Hundred Days Offensive 4168:Battle of La Malmaison 4118:Second battle of Arras 4085:Battle of Transylvania 3939:Second Battle of Ypres 3807:Sarajevo assassination 3696:South African Republic 3141:Cheyne, G. Y. (1988). 3114:Wynne, G. C. (1976) . 2974:McCarthy, C. (1995) . 2946:Malins, G. H. (1920). 2916:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 2207: 2137: 2123: 2117: 2065: 1819: 1814: 1777: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1680: 1652: 1612: 1593:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt 1566: 1556: 1547: 1538: 1528: 1494: 1464: 1458: 1444: 1438: 1428: 1327: 1316: 1306: 1209: 1200:Hawthorn Ridge Redoubt 1170:First Day of the Somme 195:Commanders and leaders 5259:Treaty of St. Germain 5232:Russia–Central Powers 5186:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5014:Pontic Greek genocide 4989:Destruction of Kalisz 4965:Eastern Mediterranean 4526:Polish–Lithuanian War 4308:Armistice of Belgrade 4271:Armistice of Salonica 4201:Operation Faustschlag 4148:Third Battle of Oituz 4070:Baranovichi offensive 4038:Lake Naroch offensive 4012:Battle of Robat Karim 3987:Vistula–Bug offensive 3962:Battles of the Isonzo 3893:First Battle of Ypres 3076:Sheldon, J. (2006) . 3012:Philpott, W. (2009). 2203: 2196:Subsequent operations 2097:were taken prisoner. 1861:(10–18 November 1916) 1810: 1709:Newfoundland Regiment 1604: 1500:Günther von Pannewitz 1454: 1263:Beaucourt-sur-l'Ancre 1185:Newfoundland Regiment 237:Casualties and losses 225:1 July: 29th Division 117:German victory 1 July 5254:Treaty of Versailles 4970:Mount Lebanon famine 4885:in the United States 4853:Russian occupations 4567:Turkish–Armenian War 4508:Polish–Ukrainian War 4448:Ukrainian–Soviet War 4395:Central Asian Revolt 4178:Armistice of Focșani 3908:Battle of Sarikamish 3858:Battle of Tannenberg 3254:Military engagements 3095:Sheldon, J. (2017). 3035:. Solihull: Helion. 2878:Gliddon, G. (1987). 2055:Infantry Regiment 62 1542:(artillery flights: 1502:to 7 September then 1415:Aylmer Hunter-Weston 1190:On 1 July 1916, the 1116:French Army mutinies 1111:1914 Christmas truce 881:Hohenzollern Redoubt 522:Butte de Warlencourt 285:class=notpageimage| 98:50.08389°N 2.65722°E 5370:Battle of the Somme 5321:They shall not pass 5244:Treaty of Bucharest 5201:Treaty of Bucharest 5140:USA against Germany 5117:Declarations of war 4821:German occupations 4734:British casualties 4593:Soviet–Georgian War 4520:Egyptian Revolution 4460:Armeno-Georgian War 4324:Somaliland campaign 4276:Armistice of Mudros 4153:Battle of Caporetto 4143:Battle of Mărășești 4113:Zimmermann telegram 4108:February Revolution 4053:Battle of the Somme 3977:Bug-Narew Offensive 3952:Battle of Gallipoli 3944:Sinking of the RMS 3736:Scramble for Africa 3730:Franco-Prussian War 3386:Sinai and Palestine 3061:. London: Cassell. 2993:Miles, W. (1992) . 2761:, pp. 291–292. 2697:, pp. 184–185. 2685:, pp. 414–416. 2673:, pp. 195–196. 2661:, pp. 449–450. 2649:, pp. 138–139. 2637:, pp. 137–138. 2625:, pp. 136–137. 2613:, pp. 135–136. 2601:, pp. 133–135. 2589:, pp. 157–158. 2574:, pp. 423–424. 2562:, pp. 152–153. 2523:, pp. 451–452. 2511:, pp. 436–437. 2499:, pp. 435–436. 2475:, pp. 434–435. 2463:, pp. 433–434. 2448:, pp. 162–163. 2412:, pp. 316–319. 2397:, pp. 157–165. 2385:, pp. 100–103. 2358:, pp. 426–431. 2346:, pp. 425–426. 2298:, pp. 424–425. 1863: 1803:Battle of the Ancre 1747:(Y Ravine) and the 1426:where material for 1421:German preparations 1325:to 29 October then 1144:Battle of the Ancre 1140:Battle of the Somme 1105:Associated articles 822:Hartmannswillerkopf 682:Invasion of Belgium 565:Associated articles 94: / 66:13–18 November 1916 36:Battle of the Somme 18:Battle of Hébuterne 5281:Treaty of Lausanne 5196:Paris Economy Pact 5130:UK against Germany 5060:Entry into the war 5026:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 4745:Ottoman casualties 4555:Franco-Turkish War 4435:Post-War conflicts 4419:Russian Revolution 4401:Invasion of Darfur 4366:Kelantan rebellion 4354:Kurdish rebellions 4330:Mexican Revolution 4163:October Revolution 4128:Kerensky offensive 4103:Capture of Baghdad 4080:Monastir offensive 4065:Brusilov offensive 3903:Battle of Kolubara 3742:Russo-Japanese War 2208: 1855: 1815: 1613: 1459: 1439:Sperrfeuerstreifen 1398:4.5-inch howitzers 1303:) Reserve Division 1275:Serre-lès-Puisieux 1229:Serre-lès-Puisieux 289:Beaumont-Hamel, a 5360:Conflicts in 1916 5347: 5346: 5330: 5329: 5314:The Golden Virgin 5308:Mutilated victory 5289: 5288: 5269:Treaty of Trianon 5264:Treaty of Neuilly 5171:Damascus Protocol 5044: 5043: 5004:Armenian genocide 4961:Allied blockades 4933:Belgian refugees 4716: 4715: 4626:Strategic bombing 4602: 4601: 4587:Franco-Syrian War 4561:Greco-Turkish War 4549:Anglo-Turkish War 4532:Polish–Soviet War 4466:German Revolution 4442:Russian Civil War 4425:Finnish Civil War 4251:Battle of Megiddo 4226:Battle of Goychay 4173:Battle of Cambrai 4133:Battle of Mărăști 4048:Battle of Jutland 4028:Erzurum offensive 3883:Siege of Przemyśl 3863:Siege of Tsingtao 3848:Battle of Galicia 3778:Second Balkan War 3766:Italo-Turkish War 3723:Pre-War conflicts 3709: 3708: 3599:Portuguese Empire 3515: 3514: 3477:German New Guinea 3459:Asian and Pacific 3194:978-0-300-10694-7 3171:978-1-905006-15-1 3125:978-0-8371-5029-1 3106:978-1-47388-199-0 3087:978-1-84415-269-8 3068:978-0-304-36649-1 3042:978-1-906033-76-7 3023:978-1-4087-0108-9 3004:978-0-901627-76-6 2985:978-1-85409-330-1 2931:978-1-84342-413-0 2908:978-1-84342-581-6 2889:978-0-947893-02-6 2870:978-0-89839-191-6 2851:978-0-89839-185-5 2829:978-0-7538-2202-9 2709:, pp. 49–50. 2370:, pp. 57–58. 2191:2,200 casualties. 2163:5,240 casualties. 2019: 2018: 1862: 1548:Kampfgeschwader 1 1323:Hermann von Stein 1312:XIV Reserve Corps 1219:5,240 casualties. 1129: 1128: 955:Nivelle offensive 729:Trouée de Charmes 626: 625: 613:Thiepval Memorial 468:Flers–Courcelette 316: 315: 123: 122: 103:50.08389; 2.65722 5377: 5274:Treaty of Sèvres 5166:Treaty of London 5057: 4835:Northeast France 4766: 4738:Parliamentarians 4671: 4633:Chemical weapons 4611: 4372:Senussi campaign 4342:Muscat rebellion 4336:Maritz rebellion 4304: 4246:Vardar offensive 4075:Battle of Romani 4043:Battle of Asiago 4033:Battle of Verdun 3997:Kosovo offensive 3772:First Balkan War 3720: 3619:Russian Republic 3528: 3322: 3264:Economic history 3231: 3224: 3217: 3208: 3198: 3187:. London: Yale. 3186: 3175: 3156: 3129: 3110: 3091: 3072: 3060: 3046: 3027: 3008: 2989: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2953: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2923: 2912: 2893: 2874: 2855: 2833: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2794: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2266: 2261: 2229:Battle of Amiens 2225: 2221: 2218:on 21 March. 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1242: 1218: 1215:710 casualties, 1214: 1195: 1181:Fritz von Below 1146: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1102: 906:Vimy Ridge 1916 783:Race to the Sea 751:1st St. Quentin 673: 664: 659: 657: 627: 622: 608:Leipzig Salient 576:Order of Battle 562: 355: 351:Somme Offensive 350: 348: 346: 312: 311: 310: 309: 308: 287: 281: 280: 279: 278: 274: 248: 243: 231: 226: 214:Fritz von Below 207: 205:Henry Rawlinson 203: 182: 180: 166: 164: 163: 151: 149: 148: 136: 134: 118: 102: 100: 96: 93: 88: 85: 83: 81: 80: 79: 65: 51: 40:First World War 20: 12: 11: 5: 5383: 5381: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5365:1916 in France 5362: 5352: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5226: 5220: 5218: 5216:Peace treaties 5215: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5102:United Kingdom 5099: 5094: 5092:Ottoman Empire 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5063: 5061: 5054: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5011: 5006: 4996: 4994:Sack of Dinant 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4958: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4944: 4942:United Kingdom 4939: 4930: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4902: 4896:POW locations 4894: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4851: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4772: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4731: 4729: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4703: 4696:United Kingdom 4693: 4691:Ottoman Empire 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4668: 4667: 4665:Trench warfare 4662: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4617: 4615: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4381: 4378:Volta-Bani War 4375: 4369: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4216:Zeebrugge Raid 4213: 4208: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4007:Battle of Loos 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3898:Black Sea raid 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3800:Historiography 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3754:Bosnian Crisis 3751: 3748:Tangier Crisis 3745: 3739: 3733: 3726: 3724: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3681:Ottoman Empire 3678: 3673: 3668: 3662: 3660: 3658:Central Powers 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3641:British Empire 3636:United Kingdom 3633: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3614:Russian Empire 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3568: 3567: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3532:Entente Powers 3525: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3500:North Atlantic 3491: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3411:Central Arabia 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3373:Middle Eastern 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3348: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3330: 3328: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3274:Historiography 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3211: 3204: 3203:External links 3201: 3200: 3199: 3193: 3176: 3170: 3157: 3151: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3124: 3111: 3105: 3092: 3086: 3073: 3067: 3047: 3041: 3028: 3022: 3009: 3003: 2990: 2984: 2971: 2943: 2930: 2913: 2907: 2894: 2888: 2875: 2869: 2856: 2850: 2838:Edmonds, J. E. 2834: 2828: 2812: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2773:, p. 168. 2763: 2751: 2749:, p. 513. 2739: 2737:, p. 452. 2727: 2725:, p. 110. 2711: 2707:Sheffield 2003 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2639: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2591: 2576: 2564: 2549: 2547:, p. 100. 2537: 2535:, p. 415. 2525: 2513: 2501: 2489: 2487:, p. 435. 2477: 2465: 2450: 2438: 2436:, p. 433. 2426: 2424:, p. 201. 2414: 2399: 2387: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2336: 2334:, p. 143. 2324: 2312: 2300: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2269: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2237: 2204: 2197: 2194: 2179:733 casualties 2158: 2155: 2132: 2129: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2056: 2053: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1873: 1868: 1811: 1801:Main article: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1731: 1728: 1690: 1687: 1666: 1663: 1605: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1455: 1422: 1419: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1294: 1291: 1283:Beaumont-Hamel 1246: 1245:Beaumont-Hamel 1243: 1241: 1238: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1101: 1100: 1098:Lys and Escaut 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1000: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 978: 977: 972: 967: 962: 952: 945: 934: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 867: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 845: 844: 834: 829: 827:Neuve Chapelle 824: 819: 808: 807: 802: 800:Winter actions 797: 796: 795: 790: 780: 775: 770: 765: 763:Grand Couronné 760: 755: 754: 753: 748: 743: 733: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 701: 700: 699: 694: 689: 679: 669: 666: 665: 658: 656: 655: 648: 641: 633: 624: 623: 621: 620: 615: 610: 605: 604: 603: 601:Hawthorn Ridge 598: 593: 583: 578: 573: 561: 560: 559: 558: 556:Beaumont-Hamel 548: 547: 546: 541: 536: 526: 525: 524: 519: 514: 504: 502:Thiepval Ridge 499: 498: 497: 492: 487: 477: 476: 475: 465: 460: 455: 454: 453: 443: 438: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 409:Bazentin Ridge 406: 405: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 360: 357: 356: 347: 345: 344: 337: 330: 322: 314: 313: 288: 283: 282: 277:Beaumont-Hamel 276: 275: 268: 267: 261: 260: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 239: 238: 234: 233: 228: 222: 221: 217: 216: 211: 197: 196: 192: 191: 178: 177: 176: 161: 158:United Kingdom 143:British Empire 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 54: 53: 43: 42: 31: 30: 24: 23: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5382: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5323: 5322: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5219: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5107:United States 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5047: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4719: 4709: 4708:United States 4706: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4658:Convoy system 4656: 4655: 4654: 4653:Naval warfare 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4536: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4413:Kaocen revolt 4411: 4408: 4407:Easter Rising 4405: 4402: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4083: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3972:Great Retreat 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3843:Battle of Cer 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3760:Agadir Crisis 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3648:United States 3646: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3565:French Empire 3563: 3562: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3518: 3508: 3507:Mediterranean 3505: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3487:Naval warfare 3484: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3363:Italian Front 3361: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3352: 3351:Eastern Front 3349: 3347: 3346:Western Front 3344: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3304:Puppet states 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3152:0-85976-216-5 3148: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3059: 3058: 3052: 3051:Sheffield, G. 3048: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2951: 2944: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2914: 2910: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2792: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2772: 2771:Edmonds 1993a 2767: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2683:Philpott 2009 2679: 2676: 2672: 2671:Philpott 2009 2667: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2592: 2588: 2587:McCarthy 1995 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2560:McCarthy 1995 2556: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2533:Philpott 2009 2529: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2395:Philpott 2009 2391: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2322:, p. 65. 2321: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2273: 2270: 2260: 2257: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2230: 2217: 2202: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2177:, which lost 2176: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2151:enfilade fire 2148: 2142: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2119: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2066:Schmidt Allee 2062: 2061:12th Division 2054: 2052: 2044: 2037: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1853: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1827: 1821: 1809: 1804: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1779: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1729: 1727: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1702: 1697: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1672: 1664: 1662: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621:29th Division 1618: 1609: 1608:Ernest Brooks 1603: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1582:29th Division 1581: 1576: 1574: 1568: 1562:8 aeroplanes) 1558: 1553:43 aircraft), 1549: 1540: 1534:42 aircraft), 1530: 1515:9 and 11 June 1512: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1440: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1366: 1364: 1359: 1351: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1307:(Generalmajor 1304: 1302: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279:Auchonvillers 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1193: 1192:29th Division 1188: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1172:. The German 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1073:Meuse-Argonne 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 987:Passchendaele 985: 983: 980: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 956: 953: 951: 950: 946: 944: 941: 940: 939: 938: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 873: 872: 871: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 849:2nd Champagne 847: 843: 840: 839: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 817:1st Champagne 815: 814: 813: 812: 806: 803: 801: 798: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 738: 737: 736:Great Retreat 734: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 705: 702: 698: 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 683: 680: 678: 675: 674: 672: 667: 662: 661:Western Front 654: 649: 647: 642: 640: 635: 634: 631: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 587: 586:Mines, 1 July 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 568: 567: 566: 557: 554: 553: 552: 549: 545: 544:Regina Trench 542: 540: 539:Stuff Redoubt 537: 535: 532: 531: 530: 529:Ancre Heights 527: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 509: 508: 505: 503: 500: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 474: 471: 470: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 452: 449: 448: 447: 444: 442: 441:Delville Wood 439: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 411: 410: 407: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 369: 368: 365: 364: 363: 358: 353: 343: 338: 336: 331: 329: 324: 323: 320: 307: 303: 299: 296: 292: 286: 265: 256: 252: 244:13 November: 242:1 July: 5,240 241: 240: 235: 229: 224: 223: 218: 215: 212: 210: 206: 202: 199: 198: 193: 190: 189:German Empire 179: 174: 162: 159: 147: 146: 145: 144: 132: 131: 126: 116: 113: 112: 107: 78: 73: 70: 69: 63: 60: 59: 55: 49: 44: 41: 37: 32: 27: 22: 19: 5319: 5312: 5300: 4907: / 4839: 4674:Conscription 4638:Cryptography 4575:Iraqi Revolt 4002:Siege of Kut 3945: 3523:participants 3472:German Samoa 3406:South Arabia 3182: 3161: 3142: 3115: 3096: 3077: 3056: 3032: 3013: 2994: 2975: 2963:. Retrieved 2949: 2935:. Retrieved 2919: 2898: 2879: 2860: 2841: 2819: 2804:. Retrieved 2790: 2766: 2759:Bewsher 1921 2754: 2742: 2735:Edmonds 1993 2730: 2719:Edmonds 1993 2714: 2702: 2695:Sheldon 2017 2690: 2678: 2666: 2659:Edmonds 1993 2654: 2642: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2572:Gliddon 1987 2567: 2545:Bewsher 1921 2540: 2528: 2521:Edmonds 1993 2516: 2509:Edmonds 1993 2504: 2497:Edmonds 1993 2492: 2485:Edmonds 1993 2480: 2473:Edmonds 1993 2468: 2461:Edmonds 1993 2441: 2434:Edmonds 1993 2429: 2417: 2410:Edmonds 1993 2390: 2363: 2356:Edmonds 1993 2351: 2344:Edmonds 1993 2339: 2327: 2320:Sheldon 2006 2315: 2308:Sheldon 2006 2303: 2296:Edmonds 1993 2291: 2272: 2259: 2209: 2160: 2143: 2134: 2114: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2070: 2058: 2045: 2036:2nd Division 2020: 1856: 1840: 1838: 1825: 1816: 1787:191 wounded. 1733: 1717: 1714: 1700: 1696:88th Brigade 1692: 1689:88th Brigade 1671:86th Brigade 1668: 1665:86th Brigade 1649: 1640: 1624: 1617:87th Brigade 1614: 1587:87th Brigade 1524:129 aircraft 1508: 1471: 1460: 1424: 1367: 1363:4th Division 1357: 1355: 1352:British plan 1300: 1296: 1248: 1222: 1204: 1194:attacked at 1189: 1187:casualties. 1164:in northern 1135: 1133: 1104: 1103: 1063:Saint-Mihiel 1031:Belleau Wood 1014: 1002: 1001: 992:La Malmaison 948: 936: 935: 901:Kink Salient 869: 868: 864:Gas: Wieltje 810: 809: 670: 564: 563: 555: 451:Mouquet Farm 397:La Boisselle 392:Contalmaison 361: 249: 2,200 209:Hubert Gough 201:Douglas Haig 173:Newfoundland 133: 128:Belligerents 34:Part of the 21: 4937:Netherlands 4914:Switzerland 4795:Occupations 4786:Spanish flu 4563:(1919–1922) 4557:(1918–1921) 4551:(1918–1923) 4540:(1919–1921) 4534:(1919–1921) 4528:(1919–1920) 4504:(1918–1920) 4498:(1918–1920) 4492:(1918–1920) 4474:(1918–1920) 4456:(1918–1920) 4450:(1917–1921) 4444:(1917–1921) 4391:(1916-1918) 4389:Arab Revolt 4380:(1915–1917) 4374:(1915–1917) 4362:(1914-1917) 4356:(1914–1917) 4350:(1914–1921) 4344:(1913–1920) 4332:(1910–1920) 4326:(1900–1920) 4299: [ 3817:July Crisis 3738:(1880–1914) 3401:Mesopotamia 3279:Home fronts 3238:World War I 2647:Rogers 2010 2635:Rogers 2010 2623:Rogers 2010 2611:Rogers 2010 2599:Rogers 2010 2446:Malins 1920 2368:Rogers 2010 2171:91 per cent 2095:103 Germans 2031:11:00 a.m., 1792:13 November 1785:killed and 1723:10:05 a.m., 1519:14 balloons 1340:Second Army 1332:Georg Fuchs 1301:Württemberg 1083:2nd Cambrai 921:Boar's Head 911:Mont Sorrel 618:Ancre, 1917 581:Boar's Head 507:Le Transloy 495:Gueudecourt 473:Martinpuich 419:Trônes Wood 304:, northern 253:1 July: 292 101: / 64:1 July 1916 5354:Categories 5154:Agreements 4954:War crimes 4830:Luxembourg 4723:Casualties 3594:Montenegro 3429:South West 3309:Technology 3299:Propaganda 3289:Opposition 2780:References 2747:Miles 1992 2422:Jones 2002 2383:Wynne 1976 2332:Duffy 2007 2265:7:20 a.m., 2212:10:00 a.m. 2157:Casualties 2118:Heidenkopf 1850:9:00 p.m., 1830:6:45 a.m., 1778:Heidenkopf 1653:Sperrfeuer 1637:cross-fire 1633:re-entrant 1591:See also: 1504:Paul Fleck 1490:XVII Corps 1474:Gommecourt 1411:VIII Corps 1393:18-pounder 1271:Colincamps 1259:Grandcourt 1240:Background 1196:7:20 a.m., 1158:department 896:Wulverghem 859:3rd Artois 837:2nd Artois 805:1st Artois 458:Guillemont 402:Gommecourt 298:department 89:02°39′26″E 86:50°05′02″N 16:See also: 5051:Diplomacy 4758:Olympians 4681:Australia 4648:Logistics 4581:Vlora War 4510:(1918–19) 4486:(1918–19) 4480:(1918–19) 4468:(1918–19) 4415:(1916–17) 4397:(1916–17) 4348:Zaian War 4338:(1914–15) 4058:first day 3946:Lusitania 3774:(1912–13) 3768:(1911–12) 3756:(1908–09) 3750:(1905–06) 3732:(1870–71) 3521:Principal 3381:Gallipoli 3284:Memorials 3269:Geography 3259:Aftermath 3183:The Somme 3057:The Somme 2960:246683398 2840:(1993) . 2818:(2007) . 2816:Duffy, C. 2801:855123826 2284:Footnotes 2233:17th Army 2224:4:35 p.m. 2220:2:15 p.m. 2101:Aftermath 2075:27 German 2049:2:45 p.m. 2040:6:20 a.m. 2027:8:30 a.m. 2023:6:20 a.m. 1845:7:00 a.m. 1676:8:00 a.m. 1658:8:05 a.m. 1645:7:35 a.m. 1476:south to 1407:7:30 a.m. 1389:Zero-hour 1385:Lewis gun 1255:Miraumont 1078:5th Ypres 1058:2nd Somme 1036:2nd Marne 1026:3rd Aisne 975:The Hills 970:2nd Aisne 931:Fromelles 926:1st Somme 876:The Bluff 842:Hébuterne 832:2nd Ypres 793:1st Ypres 773:1st Aisne 768:1st Marne 741:Le Cateau 719:Charleroi 704:Frontiers 591:Lochnagar 434:High Wood 429:Fromelles 414:Longueval 377:Montauban 372:First day 5339:Category 4926:Refugees 4892:Italians 4881:Germans 4841:Ober Ost 4621:Aviation 3715:Timeline 3686:Bulgaria 3467:Tsingtao 3444:Togoland 3391:Caucasus 3326:European 3318:Theatres 3053:(2003). 2965:29 April 2937:29 April 2806:29 April 2239:See also 2183:Fricourt 2131:November 2106:Analysis 2071:Y Ravine 1841:Y Ravine 1826:Y Ravine 1756:Bismarck 1718:Y Ravine 1705:905 a.m. 1701:Y Ravine 1681:Bergwerk 1641:Y Ravine 1625:Y Ravine 1482:6th Army 1358:Y ravine 1287:Puisieux 1174:2nd Army 1088:Courtrai 1043:Soissons 982:Messines 949:Alberich 758:Maubeuge 714:Ardennes 709:Lorraine 677:Moresnet 512:Eaucourt 490:Lesbœufs 446:Pozières 424:Ovillers 387:Fricourt 220:Strength 71:Location 5077:Germany 4977:Germany 4905:Germany 4825:Belgium 4810:Albania 4769:Disease 4749:Sports 4701:Ireland 4614:Warfare 4607:Aspects 3795:Origins 3788:Prelude 3691:Senussi 3671:Germany 3666:Leaders 3604:Romania 3545:Belgium 3540:Leaders 3439:Kamerun 3421:African 3356:Romania 3334:Balkans 3249:Outline 2138:Stollen 2124:Stollen 2012:54°–36° 1998:37°–25° 1982:46°–37° 1968:46°–36° 1954:55°–36° 1940:54°–46° 1926:50°–48° 1910:55°–32° 1896:50°–30° 1875:Max–Min 1857:Weather 1820:Stollen 1783:101 men 1769:⁄ 1750:Leiling 1738:Stollen 1526:in six 1378:⁄ 1347:Prelude 1210:Stollen 1178:General 1162:Picardy 1153:in the 1151:commune 1053:Ailette 1021:The Lys 1015:Michael 997:Cambrai 891:Hulluch 886:St Eloi 778:Antwerp 517:Le Sars 485:Combles 302:Picardy 293:in the 291:commune 38:of the 5097:Russia 5072:France 4900:Canada 4815:Serbia 4686:Canada 4643:Horses 4595:(1921) 4589:(1920) 4583:(1920) 4577:(1920) 4569:(1920) 4522:(1919) 4516:(1919) 4462:(1918) 4427:(1918) 4421:(1917) 4409:(1916) 4403:(1916) 4368:(1915) 3780:(1913) 3762:(1911) 3744:(1905) 3701:Darfur 3626:Serbia 3609:Russia 3572:Greece 3560:France 3550:Brazil 3396:Persia 3339:Serbia 3191: 3168: 3149: 3122: 3103: 3084: 3065: 3039: 3020: 3001: 2982: 2958: 2928: 2905: 2886: 2867: 2848: 2826: 2799: 1629:ravine 1577:1 July 1564:and a 1434:25 men 1391:. The 1299:26th ( 1205:behind 1166:France 1093:Sambre 1048:Amiens 916:Verdun 746:Étreux 692:Dinant 480:Morval 463:Ginchy 382:Mametz 367:Albert 306:France 186: 170: 155: 140: 114:Result 77:France 5294:Other 5087:Japan 5082:Italy 4909:camps 4753:Rugby 4303:] 3582:Japan 3577:Italy 3555:China 3449:North 2251:Notes 2001:fine 1987:cold 1957:dull 1929:dull 1915:rime 1867:Date 1536:four 1486:Ypres 1478:Noyon 1251:Ancre 1225:Ancre 1155:Somme 960:Arras 943:Ancre 697:Namur 687:Liège 596:Y Sap 551:Ancre 295:Somme 4874:POWs 4193:1918 4095:1917 4021:1916 3922:1915 3826:1914 3631:Siam 3434:East 3189:ISBN 3166:ISBN 3147:ISBN 3120:ISBN 3101:ISBN 3082:ISBN 3063:ISBN 3037:ISBN 3018:ISBN 2999:ISBN 2980:ISBN 2967:2018 2956:OCLC 2939:2018 2926:ISBN 2903:ISBN 2884:ISBN 2865:ISBN 2846:ISBN 2824:ISBN 2808:2018 2797:OCLC 2111:July 1985:fine 1943:fog 1913:mist 1877:Temp 1870:Rain 1753:and 1707:the 1669:The 1631:, a 1615:The 1595:and 1297:The 1293:1914 1265:and 1249:The 1134:The 1003:1918 965:Vimy 937:1917 870:1916 854:Loos 811:1915 788:Yser 724:Mons 671:1914 61:Date 2210:At 2181:at 1923:0.1 1907:0.1 1872:mm 1160:of 5356:: 4301:It 2579:^ 2552:^ 2453:^ 2402:^ 2375:^ 2169:a 2015:– 2006:18 1992:17 1976:16 1971:– 1962:15 1948:14 1934:13 1920:12 1904:11 1899:– 1890:10 1883:) 1881:°F 1498:s 1365:. 1261:, 1257:, 300:, 246:c. 4725:/ 3230:e 3223:t 3216:v 3174:. 3155:. 3128:. 3109:. 3090:. 3045:. 3026:. 3007:. 2988:. 2911:. 2892:. 2873:. 2854:. 2832:. 2009:8 1995:2 1979:0 1965:0 1951:0 1937:0 1893:0 1879:( 1771:2 1767:1 1764:+ 1762:1 1610:) 1492:( 1380:2 1376:1 1373:+ 1371:3 1314:( 1176:( 652:e 645:t 638:v 341:e 334:t 327:v

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Index