Public transport - Knowledge

2141: 1300: 52: 553: 1437:) due to the complexity of automation. A fully implemented system might provide most of the convenience of individual automobiles with the efficiency of public transit. The crucial innovation is that the automated vehicles carry just a few passengers, turn off the guideway to pick up passengers (permitting other PRT vehicles to continue at full speed), and drop them off to the location of their choice (rather than at a stop). Conventional transit simulations show that PRT might attract many auto users in problematic medium-density urban areas. A number of experimental systems are in progress. One might compare personal rapid transit to the more labor-intensive 61: 935: 734: 1777: 1038: 72: 1544: 1092: 1056: 859: 2178:(read as person kilometer or passenger kilometer). In terms of energy consumption, public transportation is better than individual transport in a personal vehicle. In England, bus and rail are popular methods of public transportation, especially in London. Rail provides rapid movement into and out of the city of London while busing helps to provide transport within the city itself. As of 2006–2007, the total energy cost of London's trains was 15 kWh per 100 p-km, about 5 times better than a personal car. 1596: 2030: 1416: 2215: 815: 2003:). The injury and death rate for public transit is roughly one-tenth that of automobile travel. A 2014 study noted that "residents of transit-oriented communities have about one-fifth the per capita crash casualty rate as in automobile-oriented communities" and that "Transit also tends to have lower overall crime rates than automobile travel, and transit improvements can help reduce overall crime risk by improving surveillance and economic opportunities for at-risk populations." 845: 2246:. Public land planning for public transportation can be difficult but it is the State and Regional organizations that are responsible to planning and improving public transportation roads and routes. With public land prices booming, there must be a plan to using the land most efficiently for public transportation in order to create better transportation systems. Inefficient land use and poor planning leads to a decrease in accessibility to jobs, education, and health care. 1330: 1239: 5909: 2352: 387: 1788: 1367: 1630: 874: 1748:. Coordination between services at interchange points is important to reduce the total travel time for passengers. This can be done by coordinating shuttle services with main routes, or by creating a fixed time (for instance twice per hour) when all bus and rail routes meet at a station and exchange passengers. There is often a potential conflict between this objective and optimising the utilisation of vehicles and drivers. 2122:

hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and other gases identified as harmful to the environment. The figure below is a computer simulation showing the results of the study "with 2 January showing the lowest concentrations as a result of decreased activity in the city during the holiday season. 9 January showed the highest NMHC concentrations because of increased vehicular activity in the city due to a public transportation strike."

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private transport. Investments in infrastructure are expensive and make up a substantial part of the total costs in systems that are new or expanding. Once built, the infrastructure will require operating and maintenance costs, adding to the total cost of public transport. Sometimes governments subsidize infrastructure by providing it free of charge, just as is common with roads for automobiles.

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and London have seen this decline and have attempted to intervene by cutting fares and encouraging new modes of transportation, such as e-scooters and e-bikes. Because of the reduced emissions and other environmental impacts of using public transportation over private transportation, many experts have pointed to an increased investment in public transit as an important

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conditions (SCC at US$ 150/ton and SIC at US$ 140 million/km), but this figure drops to 294 cities with more pessimistic assumptions. Despite high costs—about US$ 200 million per kilometer for construction—subways offer substantial co-benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion and improved public health, making them a strategic investment for

459:, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that may charge a posted fee for each trip. There is no rigid definition of which kinds of transport are included, and air travel is often not thought of when discussing public transport—dictionaries use wording like "buses, trains, etc." Examples of public transport include 1650: 2129:. This initiative attempts to relocate new jobs into areas with higher public transportation accessibility. The initiative cites the use of public transportation as being a means of reducing traffic congestion, providing an economic boost to the areas of job relocation, and most importantly, contributing to a green environment by reducing 3981: 792:(seats, toilets, services), and can thus be scheduled and used pleasurably, productively or for (overnight) rest. Chauffeured movement is enjoyed by many people when it is relaxing, safe, but not too monotonous. Waiting, interchanging, stops and holdups, for example due to traffic or for security, are discomforting. 2044:

buses and light rail has also enabled greater access for the disabled in mobility. In recent decades low-floor access has been incorporated into modern designs for vehicles. In economically deprived areas, public transport increases individual accessibility to transport where private means are unaffordable.

1573:. Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels, though at a lower speed. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the 1957:

Some supporters of mass transit believe that use of taxpayer capital to fund mass transit will ultimately save taxpayer money in other ways, and therefore, state-funded mass transit is a benefit to the taxpayer. Some research has supported this position, but the measurement of benefits and costs is a

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Many cities around the world have introduced electric bikes and scooters to their public transport infrastructure. For example, in the Netherlands many individuals use e-bikes to replace their car commutes. In major American cities, start-up companies such as Uber and Lyft have implemented e-scooters

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Dense areas with mixed-land uses promote daily public transport use while urban sprawl is associated with sporadic public transport use. A recent European multi-city survey found that dense urban environments, reliable and affordable public transport services, and limiting motorized vehicles in high

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In order to compare energy impact of public transportation to private transportation, the amount of energy per passenger mile must be calculated. The reason that comparing the energy expenditure per person is necessary is to normalize the data for easy comparison. Here, the units are in per 100 p-km

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was built for 11 miles of track for the Union Passenger Railway in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1888. Electric streetcars could carry heavier passenger loads than predecessors, which reduced fares and stimulated greater transit use. Two years after the Richmond success, over thirty two thousand electric

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Although relatively safe and secure, public perceptions that transit systems are dangerous endure. A 2014 study stated that "Various factors contribute to the under-appreciation of transit safety benefits, including the nature of transit travel, dramatic news coverage of transit crashes and crimes,

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on conventional roads to carry numerous passengers on shorter journeys. Buses operate with low capacity (compared with trams or trains), and can operate on conventional roads, with relatively inexpensive bus stops to serve passengers. Therefore, buses are commonly used in smaller cities, towns, and

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In recent years, some high-wealth cities have seen a decline in public transport usage. A number of sources attribute this trend to the rise in popularity of remote work, ride-sharing services, and car loans being relatively cheap across many countries. Major cities such as Toronto, Paris, Chicago,

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is typically not taxed), bailouts if companies that are likely to collapse (often applied to airlines) and reduction of competition through licensing schemes (often applied to taxis and airlines). Private transport is normally subsidized indirectly through free roads and infrastructure, as well as

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Seven criteria estimate the usability of different types of public transport and its overall appeal. The criteria are speed, comfort, safety, cost, proximity, timeliness and directness. Speed is calculated from total journey time including transfers. Proximity means how far passengers must walk or

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The consequences for wider society and civic life, is public transport breaks down social and cultural barriers between people in public life. An important social role played by public transport is to ensure that all members of society are able to travel without walking or cycling, not just those

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For busing in London, it was 32 kWh per 100 p-km, or about 2.5 times that of a personal car. This includes lighting, depots, inefficiencies due to capacity (i.e., the train or bus may not be operating at full capacity at all times), and other inefficiencies. Efficiencies of transport in Japan in

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Public transport is means of independent transport for individuals (without walking or bicycling) such as children too young to drive, the elderly without access to cars, those who do not hold a drivers license, and the infirm such as wheelchair users. Kneeling buses, low-floor access boarding on

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system in America. Before electric streetcars, steam powered subways were considered. However, most people believed that riders would avoid the smoke filled subway tunnels from the steam engines. In 1894, Boston built the first subway in the United States, an electric streetcar line in a 1.5-mile

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Above that, public transportation opens to its users the possibility of meeting other people, as no concentration is diverted from interacting with fellow-travelers due to any steering activities. Adding to the above-said, public transport becomes a location of inter-social encounters across all

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Subsidies may take the form of direct payments for financially unprofitable services, but support may also include indirect subsidies. For example, the government may allow free or reduced-cost use of state-owned infrastructure such as railways and roads, to stimulate public transport's economic

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compared to automobiles. A study conducted in Milan, Italy, in 2004 during and after a transportation strike serves to illustrate the impact that mass transportation has on the environment. Air samples were taken between 2 and 9 January, and then tested for methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane

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otherwise travel before they can begin the public transport leg of their journey and how close it leaves them to their desired destination. Timeliness is how long they must wait for the vehicle. Directness records how far a journey using public transport deviates from a passenger's ideal route.

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All public transport runs on infrastructure, either on roads, rail, airways or seaways. The infrastructure can be shared with other modes, freight and private transport, or it can be dedicated to public transport. The latter is especially valuable in cases where there are capacity problems for

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An airline provides scheduled service with aircraft between airports. Air travel has high speeds, but incurs large waiting times before and after travel, and is therefore often only feasible over longer distances or in areas where a lack of surface infrastructure makes other modes of transport

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by approximately 50% in the cities they serve, contributing to an 11% global reduction. The study also explores potential expansion in 1,214 urban areas lacking subways, suggesting a potential emission cut by up to 77%. Economically, subways are viable in 794 cities under optimistic financial

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is passenger trains operating significantly faster than conventional rail—typically defined as at least 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph). The most predominant systems have been built in Europe and East Asia, and compared with air travel, offer long-distance rail journeys as quick as air

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Public transportation also provides an arena to test environmentally friendly fuel alternatives, such as hydrogen-powered vehicles. Swapping out materials to create lighter public transportation vehicles with the same or better performance will increase environmental friendliness of public

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with people resorting to walking or cycling. Post-quarantine, upon renovating public transport infrastructure, public transport such as minibus taxis were assigned specific routes. The situation was difficult in cities where people are heavily dependent on the public transport system. In

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Multi-use tickets allow travel more than once. In addition to return tickets, this includes period cards allowing travel within a certain area (for instance month cards), or to travel a specified number of trips or number of days that can be chosen within a longer period of time (called

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transportation vehicles while maintaining current standards or improving them. Informing the public about the positive environmental effects of using public transportation in addition to pointing out the potential economic benefit is an important first step towards making a difference.

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also had inadequate bus services relative to demand and longer wait times due to social distancing restrictions and planned to deploy more buses. Both Addis Ababa and Kampala aim to improve walking and cycling infrastructures in the future as means of commuting complementary to buses.

916:(long-distance buses) for suburb-to-CBD or longer-distance transportation. The vehicles are normally equipped with more comfortable seating, a separate luggage compartment, video and possibly also a toilet. They have higher standards than city buses, but a limited stopping pattern. 1501:, gondola lifts are now finding increased consumption and utilization in many urban areas—built specifically for the purposes of mass transit. Many, if not all, of these systems are implemented and fully integrated within existing public transportation networks. Examples include 1254:

from other traffic. Heavy rail is a high-capacity form of rail transit, with 4 to 10 units forming a train, and can be the most expensive form of transit to build. Modern heavy rail systems are mostly driverless, which allows for higher frequencies and less maintenance cost.

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Governments frequently opt to subsidize public transport for social, environmental or economic reasons. Common motivations include the desire to provide transport to people who are unable to use an automobile and to reduce congestion, land use and automobile emissions.

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Interchanges are locations where passengers can switch from one public transport route to another. This may be between vehicles of the same mode (like a bus interchange), or e.g. between bus and train. It can be between local and intercity transport (such as at a

536:(UITP) is the international network for public transport authorities and operators, policy decision-makers, scientific institutes and the public transport supply and service industry. It has over 1,900 members from more than 100 countries from all over the globe. 1311:

Trams (also known as streetcars) are railborne vehicles that run in city streets or dedicated tracks. They have higher capacity than buses, but must follow dedicated infrastructure with rails and wires either above or below the track, limiting their flexibility.

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1999 were 68 kWh per 100 p-km for a personal car, 19 kWh per 100 p-km for a bus, 6 kWh per 100 p-km for rail, 51 kWh per 100 p-km for air, and 57 kWh per 100 p-km for sea. These numbers from either country can be used in energy comparison calculations or

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pandemic had a substantial effect on public transport systems, infrastructures and revenues in various cities across the world. The pandemic negatively impacted public transport usage by imposing social distancing, remote work, or unemployment in the

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emissions in more ways than simply travel as public transportation can help to alleviate traffic congestion as well as promote more efficient land use. When all three of these are considered, it is estimated that 37 million metric tons of

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found that public transportation in the U.S. uses approximately half the fuel required by cars, SUVs and light trucks. In addition, the study noted that "private vehicles emit about 95 percent more carbon monoxide, 92 percent more

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complex and controversial issue. A lack of mass transit results in more traffic, pollution, and road construction to accommodate more vehicles, all costly to taxpayers; providing mass transit will therefore alleviate these costs.

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Urban space is a precious commodity and public transport utilises it more efficiently than a car dominant society, allowing cities to be built more compactly than if they were dependent on automobile transport. If

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is long-haul passenger services that connect multiple urban areas. They have few stops, and aim at high average speeds, typically only making one of a few stops per city. These services may also be international.

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Using public transportation can result in a reduction of an individual's carbon footprint. A single person, 20-mile (32 km) round trip by car can be replaced using public transportation and result in a net

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Light rail is a redevelopment (and use) of the tram, with dedicated right-of-way not shared with other traffic, (often) step-free access and increased speed. Light rail lines are, thus, essentially modernized

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People movers are a special term for grade-separated rail which uses vehicles that are smaller and shorter in size. These systems are generally used only in a small area such as a theme park or an airport.

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are available for multiple transit systems that provide timetables and other service information and, in some cases, allow ticket purchase, some allowing to plan your journey, with time fares zones e.g.

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by businesses. Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their entire bus networks to zero-fare. The only European capitals with free public transport are

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In the United States, trams were commonly used prior to the 1930s, before being superseded by the bus. In modern public transport systems, they have been reintroduced in the form of the light rail.

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for the operators. Tickets may be bought either in advance, or at the time of the journey, or the carrier may allow both methods. Passengers may be issued with a paper ticket, a metal or plastic

3324: 2306:. It caused a 79% drop in public transport riders at the beginning of 2020. This trend continued throughout the year with a 65% reduced ridership as compared to previous years. Similarly in 1007:

Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity at most distance scales, but require

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competitiveness over private transport, that normally also has free infrastructure (subsidized through such things as gas taxes). Other subsidies include tax advantages (for instance

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Land development schemes may be initialized, where operators are given the rights to use lands near stations, depots, or tracks for property development. For instance, in Hong Kong,

1270:. More than 160 cities have rapid transit systems, totalling more than 8,000 km (4,971 mi) of track and 7,000 stations. Twenty-five cities have systems under construction. 4318: 1935:

incentives to build car factories and, on occasion, directly via bailouts of automakers. Subsidies also may take the form of initial or increased tolls for drivers, such as the

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Cable-propelled transit (CPT) is a transit technology that moves people in motor-less, engine-less vehicles that are propelled by a steel cable. There are two sub-groups of CPT—

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social distancing requirements led to fifty percent occupancy restrictions, but as the pandemic situation improved, the occupancy limit was increased to meet popular demands.

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with a driving license and access to an automobile—which include groups such as the young, the old, the poor, those with medical conditions, and people banned from driving.

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is a name given by policy makers to places where those without access to a private vehicle do not have access to independent mobility. This dependency contributes to the

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Most public transport systems run along fixed routes with set embarkation/disembarkation points to a prearranged timetable, with the most frequent services running to a

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offer on-demand services in many parts of the world, which may compete with fixed public transport lines, or complement them, by bringing passengers to interchanges.

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systems. Frequency may be up to several times per hour, and commuter rail systems may either be part of the national railway or operated by local transit agencies.

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is normally provided without charge to users because it is cheaper to operate than mechanised transit systems that use sophisticated equipment and do not use

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Although there is continuing debate as to the true efficiency of different modes of transportation, mass transit is generally regarded as significantly more

4290: 1386:, monorail systems usually use overhead single tracks, either mounted directly on the track supports or put in an overhead design with the train suspended. 521:

Urban public transit differs distinctly among Asia, North America, and Europe. In Asia, profit-driven, privately owned and publicly traded mass transit and

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emissions by 3.9 million metric tons and that the resulting traffic congestion reduction accounts for an additional 3.0 million metric tons of CO

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allowing free and unlimited travel within a system is sometimes granted to particular social sectors, for example students, elderly, children, employees (

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The main sources of financing are ticket revenue, government subsidies and advertising. The percentage of revenue from passenger charges is known as the

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A rapid transit railway system (also called a metro, underground, heavy rail, or subway) operates in an urban area with high capacity and frequency, and

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In the 2023 study titled "Subways and CO₂ Emissions: A Global Analysis with Satellite Data," research reveals that subway systems significantly reduce

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transit agency messages that unintentionally emphasize risks without providing information on its overall safety, and biased traffic safety analysis."

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In March 2020, Luxembourg abolished fares for trains, trams and buses and became the first country in the world to make all public transport free.

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tunnel under Tremont Street's retail district. Other cities quickly followed, constructing thousands of miles of subway in the following decades.

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Certain types of buses, styled after old-style streetcars, are also called trackless trolleys, but are built on the same platforms as a typical

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A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars; it's where the rich use public transport —Enrique Penalosa, former mayor of Bogotá

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Some systems attract vagrants who use the stations or trains as sleeping shelters, though most operators have practices that discourage this.

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Systems are able to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little land use. Variations of rapid transit include

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is a human constraint discouraging frequent rapid long-distance east–west commuting, favoring modern telecommunications and VR technologies.

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A report published by the UK National Infrastructure Commission in 2018 states that "cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such."

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For geographical, historical and economic reasons, differences exist internationally regarding the use and extent of public transport. The

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most commonly run mass transit operations. In Europe, both state-owned and private companies predominantly operate mass transit systems.

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Based on the benefits of public transport, the green movement has affected public policy. For example, the state of New Jersey released

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impossible. Bush airlines work more similarly to bus stops; an aircraft waits for passengers and takes off when the aircraft is full.

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will be saved annually. Another study claims that using public transit instead of private in the U.S. in 2005 would have reduced CO

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which began in the 5th century BCE. Whether or not those canals were used for for-hire public transport remains unknown; the

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generate additional profits from land development to partially cover the cost of the construction of the urban rail system.

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The tickets may have to be shown or checked automatically at the station platform or when boarding, or during the ride by a

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specifies that public transportation is within urban areas, but does not limit its discussion of the topic to urban areas.

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Lim, Jae Young; Moon, Kuk-Kyoung (January 2022). "The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport".

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Buses, trains, and other forms of transport that are available to the public, charge set fares, and run on fixed routes.

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Relative to other forms of transportation, public transit is safe (with a low crash risk) and secure (with low rates of

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Barletta, Barbara; Dabdub, Donald; Blake, Donald R.; Rowand, F. Sherwood; Nissenson, Paul; Meinardi, Simone (2008).

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A survey by the European Development Bank found that a majority of Europeans wanted to prioritize public transit in

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ticket). Passes aimed at tourists, allowing free or discounted entry at many tourist attractions, typically include

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system allows riders to enter the vehicles without showing the ticket, but riders may or may not be controlled by a

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This article is about nonexclusive shared passenger journeys for the public. For hired vehicles or hired rides, see

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Todd Davis; Monica Hale. "Public Transportation's Contribution to U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reduction." Sept. 2007. p. 25

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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics

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declined by 95% and 85% respectively. A 55% drop in public transport ridership as compared to 2019 was reported in

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and about twice as much carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide than public vehicles for every passenger mile traveled".

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concluded that expanded access to public transit has no meaningful impact on automobile volume in the long term.

2235: 2203: 2145: 2096: 1994: 541: 346: 317: 277: 156: 2765: 1853:. Operators may choose to control all riders, allowing sale of the ticket at the time of ride. Alternatively, a 60: 6429: 6325: 6134: 6081: 5931: 5755: 4498:"Diesel versus compressed natural gas in Transmilenio-Bogotá: innovation, precaution, and distribution of risk" 3785: 2194: 1724:) are provided by the transport operator to allow users to plan their journeys. They are often supplemented by 1522: 1304: 1063: 476: 3479: 1502: 647: 3389: 2912: 1861:; if the rider fails to show proof of payment, the operator may fine the rider at the magnitude of the fare. 1834:

Tickets may be valid for a single (or return) trip, or valid within a certain area for a period of time (see

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Services are often arranged to operate at regular intervals throughout the day or part of the day (known as

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services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers, normally through heavy

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Gascon, Mireia (August 2020). "What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities".

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and rental income from stores and vendors, parking fees, and leasing tunnels and rights-of-way to carry

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from the 17th century onwards. The canal itself as a form of infrastructure dates back to antiquity. In

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saved. This is a total savings of about 6.9 million metric tons per year given the 2005 values.

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The Great American Transit Disaster: A Century of Austerity, Auto-centric Planning, and White Flight

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services, have lower prices to compete more effectively and use electricity instead of combustion.

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emissions reduction of 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg) per year. Using public transportation saves CO

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that are located to serve a smaller suburban or town center. The stations are often combined with

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is an ambiguous term used for buses operating on dedicated right-of-way, much like a light rail.

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Lyndsey Layton, "Study Lists Mass Transit Benefits", The Washington Post, 17 July 2002, Page B05

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bus; these are more often used for tourist rides than commuting and tend to be privately owned.

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David JC MacKay. "Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air." 2009. p. 121 www.withouthotair.com

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David JC MacKay. "Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air." 2009. p. 120 www.withouthotair.com

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density areas of the cities will help achieve much needed promotion of public transport use.

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within the city. Period tickets may be for a particular route (in both directions), or for a

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Cycle Superhighway CS6 is part of Central London's Cycle Network mass transit infrastructure.

6337: 6184: 6152: 5965: 5913: 5829: 5793: 5783: 5740: 5735: 5715: 5710: 5592: 5537: 5507: 4998: 4958: 4896: 4777: 4762: 4757: 4677: 4635: 4118: 4110: 4083: 3952: 3819: 3722: 3586: 3575: 3166: 2947: 2943: 2667: 2657: 2588: 2456: 2451: 2436: 2357: 2273: 1878: 1854: 1787: 1761: 1661: 1620: 1526: 1510: 1383: 1366: 1251: 1108:

is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems, such as these examples

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streetcars were operating in America. Electric streetcars also paved the way for the first

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Check with your transport operator: bus, coach, tram and ferry operators/National Rail/TfL

2351: 1951: 1700: 1475: 1197: 1073: 1032: 762: 679: 581: 577: 500: 386: 171: 4424:

Hess, D. 2007. "What is a clean bus? Object conflicts in the greening of urban transit."

2579:

McLeod, Sam (2017). "Urban Public Transport: Planning Principles and Emerging Practice".

642:, the first organized public transit system within a city, appears to have originated in 518:

is sometimes used in areas of low demand and for people who need a door-to-door service.

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a system of buses, trains, etc., running on fixed routes, on which the public may travel

1827:). Sometimes a ticket has to be validated, e.g. a paper ticket has to be stamped, or an 1566: 650:(English: five-sol coaches), which have been developed by mathematician and philosopher 525:

conglomerates predominantly operate public transit systems. In North America, municipal

6385: 6354: 6342: 6310: 6252: 6217: 6212: 6144: 6006: 6001: 5954: 5844: 5745: 5725: 5561: 5482: 5273: 5198: 5127: 4921: 4712: 4046:"Riding into a greener future: How widespread use of subways could slash CO₂ emissions" 3199: 2446: 2332: 2323: 2239: 2130: 2114: 2071: 1458: 1205: 1178: 1048: 1028: 991: 979: 867: 818: 785: 496: 216: 181: 3495:"Auto bailout talk is history repeating | Marketplace From American Public Media" 996: 873: 691:

England, the first public steam railway in the world. The world's first steam-powered

6457: 6395: 6320: 6272: 6097: 6056: 6051: 6031: 6021: 5894: 5839: 5434: 5419: 5399: 5394: 5137: 5023: 4906: 4866: 4854: 4747: 4613: 4347:"Coronavirus: Transport for London furloughs 7,000 staff as fare revenue plunges 90%" 4132: 3831: 2779: 2600: 2366: 2303: 2024: 1931: 1842:

is based on the travel class, either depending on the traveled distance, or based on

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cataract. The Chinese also built canals for water transportation as far back as the

6380: 6315: 6267: 6262: 6194: 6071: 6066: 5879: 5864: 5664: 5648: 5638: 5607: 5587: 5571: 5532: 5492: 5487: 5472: 5429: 5152: 4931: 4839: 4752: 4667: 4630: 4474: 3956: 2441: 2319: 2243: 2033: 1962: 1843: 1835: 1487: 1462: 1375: 1352:. Unlike trams, light rail systems are longer and have one to four cars per train. 1279: 1259: 1121: 952: 925: 848: 774: 600: 4114: 2322:

after a period of mandatory halt. To reduce COVID-spread through cash contact, in

2222: 1173:

is part of an urban area's public transport. It provides faster services to outer

1154: 4435: 4319:"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transit Funding Needs in the U.S." 4206:

Urban Public Transportation Systems: Ensuring Sustainability Through Mass Transit

6232: 6207: 6041: 5991: 5884: 5522: 5384: 5354: 5344: 5132: 5099: 5079: 4936: 4697: 3253:"Disney World Transportation Map [Interactive Guide to Navigate Disney]" 3010: 2381: 2218: 1973: 1765: 1725: 1608: 1442: 1263: 1186: 1163: 1067: 971: 913: 877: 754: 750: 632: 522: 515: 297: 221: 3775:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Conclusions and Recommendations" 3407: 17: 6405: 6287: 6227: 6016: 5824: 5694: 5414: 5409: 5329: 5231: 5109: 5089: 5041: 5008: 4978: 4943: 4886: 4814: 4809: 4772: 4702: 4687: 4662: 4645: 4608: 4434:

Needle, Jerome A.; Transportation Security Board & Cobb, Renée M. (1997).

3823: 3723:"Highway Construction Cost / Inflation Issues – Contract Admin – Construction" 3548:"Land Value Capture Mechanism: The Case of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway" 2872: 2347: 2058: 1982: 1961:

A study found that support for public transport spending is much higher among

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Monorail systems are used throughout the world (especially in Europe and east

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usually advocate public transportation, because it offers decreased airborne

1965:

who have high levels of trust in government officials than those who do not.

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Basic Lesson 1: What is Cable Propelled Transit Retrieved on 7 November 2009

2118: 1745: 1590: 1570: 1549: 1231: 1137: 1099: 881: 699: 654:, lasted only fifteen years until 1677. Buses are known to have operated in 452: 448: 135: 4948: 4123: 784:

Actual travel time on public transport becomes a lesser consideration when

4376:"Africa in Transition:Improving Urban Mobility Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic" 3557:. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2691: 2662: 2645: 5359: 5349: 5334: 5324: 5303: 5283: 5248: 5226: 5188: 5179: 5142: 5056: 4829: 4799: 4351: 4261:

The Costs of Automobile Dependency and the Benefits of Balanced Transport

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South America Incubates Cable Propelled Transit Retrieved on 10 June 2010

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raising tolls on numerous bridges and proposing more hikes to fund the

1920: 1904: 1896: 1812: 1479: 1438: 938: 852: 805: 793: 789: 507: 488: 455:

by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike

256: 161: 118: 37:"Mass transit" and "mass transport" redirect here. For other uses, see 3686: 2936:"Infrastructure: Mass Transit in 19th- and 20th-Century Urban America" 2102:

Studies have shown that there is a strong inverse correlation between

1565:) passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, across a body of water. A 5374: 5369: 5288: 4993: 4819: 4672: 4295: 2327: 2307: 1634: 1554: 1514: 1341: 1267: 1174: 1059: 1000: 778: 659: 655: 3774: 4556: 4001:

Public Transportation Reduces Greenhouse Gases and Conserves Energy

3687:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs" 1728:

and fare schemes to help travelers coordinate their travel. Online

5923: 5084: 4072:"Subways and CO2 emissions: A global analysis with satellite data" 3378: 3152: 2315: 2213: 2139: 2057: 2028: 2000: 1972: 1800: 1786: 1648: 1628: 1594: 1542: 1538: 1470: 1414: 1394: 1365: 1328: 1298: 1237: 1221: 1153: 1090: 1054: 1042: 1036: 995: 933: 872: 857: 843: 813: 758: 732: 643: 620: 608: 589: 573: 559: 551: 484: 231: 110: 98: 94: 89:

Examples of types of public transport. Clockwise from top left: A

4276:

The effects of public transit on the demand for automobile travel

761:. The same individual may accept the lost time and statistically 6112: 5449: 5404: 5018: 4881: 2067: 1839: 1781: 1390: 1294: 1109: 468: 236: 5927: 4560: 899:

services supplementing other means of transit in large cities.

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Krukar, Milan; Merriss, John; Henion, Loyd (31 January 1983).

3137:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press. pp. 16–17. 975: 891: 639: 166: 114: 3350:"How two-wheelers are weaving their way into urban transport" 2284:

boundaries of social, ethnic and other types of affiliation.

1807:

Most—but not all—public transport requires the purchase of a

572:

Conveyances designed for public hire are as old as the first

2827:

http://www.herodote.net/histoire/evenement.php?jour=18260810

1019:

to be built and maintained resulting in high upfront costs.

607:

carrying paying passengers, which was a feature of European

4457:

Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence

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in 1826. The public bus transport system was introduced to

27:

Shared transportation service for use by the general public

4502:

Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 3(1):59–67

1401:

used at their parks may be the most famous in the world).

4208:. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 408–409. 3587:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_34.pdf

3576:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_49.pdf

1641:

as a way for people to take short trips around the city.

503:

networks are being developed in many parts of the world.

4551: 1433:. This is an uncommon mode of transportation (excluding 769:, together with the initial, running and parking costs. 4546: 4070:

Dasgupta, Susmita; Lall, Somik; Wheeler, David (2023).

3661:"Healthy Places – Respiratory Health and Air Pollution" 2714:"Public transport is in decline in many wealthy cities" 1204:

trains. Some commuter train lines share a railway with

3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 2690:. Japan Railway & Transport Review. Archived from 1445:

modes of transportation, or to the (by now automated)

963:

are buses that run on a conventional battery, but are

595:

Some historical forms of public transport include the

588:

had to be paid and would only then take passengers to

1307:, which operates the largest tramway in North America 4031: 4029: 4027: 3337:

cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such.

1429:

is an automated cab service that runs on rails or a

967:

frequently at certain points via underground wires.

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Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4291:"What Impact Has The Pandemic Had On Mass Transit?" 3637:Kielburger, Craig; Kielburger, Marc (12 May 2008). 2740:"Public Transit @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions" 1382:Somewhere between light and heavy rail in terms of 2848:"March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here ... in Paris" 2778: 487:. Public transport between cities is dominated by 2278:Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 631:in China (begun in 486 BCE) served primarily the 556:A coach, private or hired, for several passengers 3979:Getting to Work: Reconnecting Jobs with Transit. 2940:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 2086:than other forms of travel. A 2002 study by the 4426:Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 4147:"UITP – Public transport alleviates congestion" 3888:"Van Hool presents the ExquiCity Design Mettis" 3546:Verougstraete, Matheiu; Zeng, Han (July 2014). 2260: 2127:Getting to Work: Reconnecting Jobs with Transit 959:by way of a set of trolley poles for mobility. 737:Passenger Capacity of different Transport Modes 4230:"Public transportation: Not only for the poor" 3379:"Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs" 1234:is the longest rapid transit system in Canada. 777:, high speeds/accelerations, height and other 5939: 4572: 4547:International Association of Public Transport 3497:. Marketplace.publicradio.org. Archived from 3196:International Association of Public Transport 2387:International Association of Public Transport 2310:, at the beginning of 2020, ridership in the 749:, many individuals are strongly motivated by 534:International Association of Public Transport 409: 8: 4455:Newman, Peter; Jeffrey R. Kenworthy (1999). 2985:"Luxembourg makes all public transport free" 2392:List of urban transit advocacy organisations 1569:ferry with many stops is sometimes called a 1497:While historically associated with usage in 1196:Common forms of commuter rail employ either 1162:train, a form of commuter rail, serving the 1760:. A limited amount of income may come from 646:in 1662, although the service in question, 5946: 5932: 5924: 4579: 4565: 4557: 4326:American Public Transportation Association 3749:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis" 3639:"Transit key in pollution, poverty fights" 3409:Subsidies in Oregon Highway Transportation 3372: 3370: 3226:American Public Transportation Association 1449:common in many publicly accessible areas. 416: 402: 126: 4122: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 2671: 2661: 2489:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 1098:Class 777005 at lime street low level in 4274:Beaudoin, Lin Lawell (19 January 2018), 1775: 781:may discourage use of public transport. 753:(travel fare/ ticket price to them) and 3751:. Victoria Transport Public Institute. 2474: 264: 141: 134: 3663:. CDC. 15 October 2009. Archived from 3426:from the original on 29 September 2011 2777:Littleton, C. Scott (1 January 2005). 2646:"Rail integrated communities in Tokyo" 1633:eTricks C01, electric bycicle made in 4289:Winkless, Laurie (15 February 2022). 3868:, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2014), pp. 114–134. 3618:from the original on 18 December 2011 3564:from the original on 25 October 2016. 3395:from the original on 10 January 2017. 2964:from the original on 29 November 2018 2948:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.28 2074:driving system, developed by Belgian 2039:featuring a lift for disabled people. 1799:for public transportation tickets in 1577:) may also be called ferry services. 788:and when travel itself is reasonably 483:(metro/subway/underground, etc.) and 7: 6436: 4525:. United States: Fool Church Media. 4496:Valderrama, A.; Beltran, I. (2007). 4414:, University of Chicago Press, 2023 3729:from the original on 23 October 2011 3452:from the original on 28 October 2011 3052:from the original on 2 February 2017 3021:from the original on 31 January 2018 2879:from the original on 1 November 2011 2574: 2572: 2526:from the original on 2 December 2018 2412:Public transport accessibility level 1819:, or a magnetic or electronic card ( 1561:A ferry is a boat used to carry (or 576:. The earliest public transport was 3782:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3755:from the original on 9 October 2011 3694:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3386:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3078:from the original on 13 August 2011 3040:Humphreys, Pat (17 December 2016). 2025:Accessibility § Transportation 5751:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 4263:, Victoria Public Policy Institute 3321:National Infrastructure Commission 2899:"Mumbles railway was 'remarkable'" 2487:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 2372:Finnish models of public transport 2146:Climate change mitigation policies 25: 4440:. Transportation Security Board. 4374:Mimano, Carolyne (January 2021). 3222:"Glossary of Transit Terminology" 3179:from the original on 27 June 2013 3101:. Tech the Future. Archived from 2650:Journal of Transport and Land Use 1885:) and the physically or mentally 1421:Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit 669:opened in 1806. It ran along the 6435: 6424: 6423: 5907: 5761:Transportation demand management 4317:EBP US, Inc. (27 January 2021). 4076:Science of the Total Environment 3866:Journal of Public Transportation 3791:from the original on 6 July 2010 3703:from the original on 6 July 2010 3472:"General Motors bailout details" 3327:from the original on 6 July 2018 2350: 2276:. A 2018 study published in the 599:traveling a fixed route between 584:writings. The mystical ferryman 385: 79: 70: 59: 50: 4088:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163691 3493:Roth, Alisa (4 December 2008). 3448:. Voxeu.org. 21 December 2008. 3377:Litman, Todd (September 2016). 3072:"KAIST Online Electric Vehicle" 1730:public transport route planners 757:, as well as being informed by 745:In selecting between competing 685:Stockton and Darlington Railway 4552:US High-Speed Rail Association 4481:. London: Penguin. p. 7. 4236:. 1 April 2014. Archived from 3957:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.046 3855:A New Transit Safety Narrative 3099:"High Speed Train VS Airplane" 3074:. Gizmag.com. 20 August 2009. 2781:Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology 2581:Journal of Planning Literature 2422:Public transport route planner 1694:Intermodal passenger transport 698:The first successful electric 1: 6223:Needle and syringe programmes 6077:Universal access to education 4733:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 4115:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.009 3042:"City Transport in the 2020s" 2983:Andrea Lo (15 January 2019). 2516:"public transport in British" 2108:energy consumption per capita 2092:American Enterprise Institute 1915:Revenue, profit and subsidies 1266:and the commuter rail hybrid 1023:Intercity and High-speed rail 39:Mass transit (disambiguation) 5789:Passenger information system 2809:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. 2619:www.publictransportation.org 2417:Public transport bus service 836:Public transport bus service 6306:Publicly funded health care 4927:Demand-responsive transport 4825:Medium-capacity rail system 2934:Young, Jay (2 March 2015). 2293:Impact of COVID-19 pandemic 1780:A contactless validator in 1732:help make planning easier. 1615:Electric bikes and scooters 1041:High-speed rail CR400AF in 862:Articulated bus line 13 of 840:Coach (scheduled transport) 671:Swansea and Mumbles Railway 6485: 5690:Public transport timetable 4721:Passenger rail terminology 4437:Improving Transit Security 4181:. Uitp.org. Archived from 3877:Needle et al., 1997: 10–13 3412:. TRB Publications Index. 3133:Spieler, Christof (2021). 2615:"PublicTransportation.org" 2520:Collins English Dictionary 2462:Transportation engineering 2427:Public transport timetable 2253: 2097:volatile organic compounds 2051: 2022: 1992: 1918: 1893:Zero-fare public transport 1871:zero-fare public transport 1713:Public transport timetable 1710: 1687: 1618: 1584: 1536: 1525:in New York City, and the 1456: 1408: 1359: 1322: 1292: 1277: 1215: 1147: 1084: 1026: 989: 953:electrically powered buses 923: 833: 803: 695:opened in London in 1863. 36: 29: 6419: 6331:National health insurance 6283:Supervised injection site 5961: 5903: 5721:Green transport hierarchy 5458:Automated fare collection 4479:Transit Maps of the World 3824:10.1017/S0047279420000707 3645:. Toronto. Archived from 2915:. London Transport Museum 2875:. Knowledgeoflondon.com. 2805:Needham, Joseph. (1986). 2236:public transport planning 1995:Public transport security 724:Types of public transport 542:climate change mitigation 318:Green transport hierarchy 6326:Single-payer health care 6135:Universal basic services 6082:Universal basic services 5756:Transportation authority 4521:Costales, Bryan (2021). 3860:12 December 2019 at the 3812:Journal of Social Policy 3725:. FHWA. 22 August 2011. 3301:28 December 2010 at the 2836:. Retrieved 13 June 2008 2825:web-page (in French) at 2644:Calimente, John (2012). 2593:10.1177/0885412217693570 2104:urban population density 2037:Hills Showground station 1523:Roosevelt Island Tramway 1419:People mover vehicle of 1064:Schiedam Centrum station 961:Online Electric Vehicles 955:that receive power from 773:, spatial constriction, 157:Armored fighting vehicle 6027:Public good (economics) 5820:Bus rapid transit creep 5766:Transportation planning 4410:Bloom, Nicholas Dagen, 3937:Atmospheric Environment 3282:2 February 2011 at the 3015:Encyclopædia Britannica 2913:"The Metropolitan line" 2832:16 October 2010 at the 1948:MTR Corporation Limited 1453:Cable-propelled transit 1399:Disney monorail systems 763:higher risk of accident 717:Encyclopædia Britannica 376:Transportation planning 288:Alternatives to car use 5518:Manual fare collection 5498:Farebox recovery ratio 4989:Personal rapid transit 4204:Kulyk, Walter (2002). 2785:. Marshall Cavendish. 2264: 2226: 2149: 2079: 2072:diesel-electric hybrid 2040: 1990: 1941:Bay Area Rapid Transit 1937:San Francisco Bay Area 1831:has to be checked in. 1825:contactless smart card 1804: 1784: 1758:farebox recovery ratio 1722:North American English 1671: 1637: 1605:Cycling infrastructure 1600: 1587:Cycling infrastructure 1558: 1483: 1427:Personal rapid transit 1423: 1411:Personal rapid transit 1405:Personal rapid transit 1379: 1344: 1308: 1247: 1235: 1202:electric multiple unit 1167: 1102: 1070: 1045: 1004: 945: 884: 870: 855: 822: 738: 617:freight transportation 568: 557: 303:Cycling infrastructure 293:Bicycle transportation 197:Personal rapid transit 6469:Sustainable transport 6175:Public infrastructure 6012:Public administration 5997:Free-culture movement 5875:Sustainable transport 5855:Passenger load factor 5670:Clock-face scheduling 5503:Free public transport 5355:Bus turnout (bus bay) 5052:Real-time ridesharing 4845:Platform screen doors 3317:"Running out of road" 3277:– The Gondola Project 3135:Trains, Buses, People 2901:. BBC. 25 March 2007. 2663:10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280 2432:Sustainable transport 2402:Patronage (transport) 2397:Passenger load factor 2377:Free public transport 2337:Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2270:Automobile dependency 2256:Automobile dependency 2217: 2184:life-cycle assessment 2143: 2088:Brookings Institution 2061: 2054:Sustainable transport 2032: 1976: 1790: 1779: 1768:communication lines. 1742:clock-face scheduling 1659: 1632: 1598: 1546: 1503:Metrocable (Medellín) 1474: 1418: 1369: 1332: 1302: 1246:train from Singapore. 1241: 1225: 1157: 1094: 1058: 1040: 1015:, infrastructure and 999: 937: 895:rural areas, and for 876: 866:bus rapid transit in 861: 847: 817: 736: 648:Carrosses à cinq sols 625:warring States period 615:canals were used for 566:Newton, Massachusetts 564:Early trolley car in 563: 555: 433:public transportation 356:Sustainable transport 313:Free public transport 5914:Transport portal 5850:Outline of transport 5543:Reduced fare program 5513:Integrated ticketing 5468:Contract of carriage 5279:Personal transporter 4835:Narrow-gauge railway 4683:Rail replacement bus 3984:20 July 2011 at the 3977:New Jersey Future. " 3232:on 27 September 2007 3046:Transport and Travel 2873:"The London Omnibus" 2766:Pre Columbian Wheels 2200:urban sustainability 1803:, Western Australia. 1625:Scooter (motorcycle) 1519:Portland Aerial Tram 1507:Metrocable (Caracas) 1492:cable cars (railway) 1305:streetcar in Toronto 1003:West railway station 665:The first passenger 580:. Ferries appear in 392:Transport portal 107:commuter rail system 6411:Public viewing area 6180:Public water system 6168:Municipal broadband 6125:Public broadcasting 5890:Transport economics 5685:On-time performance 5680:Night (owl) service 5380:Interchange station 5259:Horse-drawn vehicle 5047:Flexible carpooling 4855:Metro/Rapid Transit 4523:Elevator Versus Bus 4259:Litman, T. (1999), 4234:The Himalayan Times 3949:2008AtmEn..42.7915M 3649:on 22 October 2012. 3592:5 July 2010 at the 3581:6 July 2010 at the 3097:Eli (26 May 2010). 3009:Joseph L. Schofer. 1969:Safety and security 1720:(or 'schedules' in 1660:Timelapse video of 1467:Cable car (railway) 1336:light rail transit 1134:suspension railways 957:overhead power line 821:Airlines Flight 470 693:underground railway 667:horse-drawn vehicle 527:transit authorities 283:Accessibility level 207:Powered exoskeleton 130:Part of a series on 6376:Government auction 6062:Public procurement 5644:Standing passenger 4907:Auto rickshaw taxi 4877:Suspension railway 4860:Rubber-tyred metro 4783:Heritage streetcar 4688:Share taxi/Taxibus 4278:, pp. 447–467 3784:. 3 January 2009. 3667:on 15 October 2011 3574:For examples, see 2694:on 26 October 2017 2493:on 31 January 2018 2483:"public transport" 2312:London Underground 2238:is at the core of 2227: 2204:climate mitigation 2150: 2113:Supporters of the 2080: 2041: 1991: 1805: 1785: 1772:Fare and ticketing 1672: 1638: 1601: 1559: 1484: 1424: 1380: 1345: 1309: 1248: 1236: 1168: 1106:Urban rail transit 1103: 1087:Urban rail transit 1081:Urban rail transit 1071: 1046: 1005: 946: 885: 871: 856: 823: 747:modes of transport 739: 569: 558: 202:Pipeline transport 6451: 6450: 6278:Public university 6258:Public open space 6203:Drinking fountain 6163:Telecommunication 5921: 5920: 5613:Transport network 5603:Non-revenue track 5269:Inclined elevator 5204:Inclined elevator 5170:Inclined elevator 4795:Higher-speed rail 4738:Airport rail link 4621:Bus rapid transit 4488:978-0-14-311265-5 4466:978-1-55963-660-5 4447:978-0-309-06013-4 4420:978-0-226-82440-6 4215:978-0-7844-0717-2 4159:on 2 October 2011 3943:(34): 7915–7923. 3482:on 18 April 2010. 3476:Chicago Sun-Times 3419:978-0-309-03361-9 3315:Andrew Gilligan. 2746:. 6 February 2020 2522:. HarperCollins. 2407:Private transport 2064:bus rapid transit 1859:ticket controller 1829:electronic ticket 1669:double-decker bus 1666:Community Transit 1657: 1575:Mediterranean Sea 1553:) at bus stop in 1181:. Trains stop at 904:Bus rapid transit 880:bus operating in 851:bus operating in 767:private transport 675:George Stephenson 457:private transport 447:) is a system of 426: 425: 16:(Redirected from 6476: 6464:Public transport 6439: 6438: 6427: 6426: 6338:Social insurance 6185:Waste management 6153:Electric utility 6130:Public transport 6047:Public ownership 5966:Municipalization 5948: 5941: 5934: 5925: 5912: 5911: 5830:Destination sign 5794:Platform display 5784:Destination sign 5741:Transit district 5736:Street hierarchy 5716:Complete streets 5711:Airport security 5593:Cross-city route 5538:Proof-of-payment 5508:Free travel pass 4999:Public light bus 4959:Hackney carriage 4778:Heritage railway 4763:Elevated railway 4758:Cross-city route 4678:Public light bus 4636:Cross-city route 4588:Public transport 4581: 4574: 4567: 4558: 4536: 4532:978-1945232-41-1 4517: 4515: 4513: 4504:. Archived from 4492: 4470: 4459:. Island Press. 4451: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4380: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4240:on 10 April 2014 4226: 4220: 4219: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4185:on 10 March 2012 4175: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4158: 4152:. Archived from 4151: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4126: 4103:Transport Policy 4098: 4092: 4091: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4050:World Bank Blogs 4042: 4036: 4033: 4022: 4019: 4013: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3989: 3975: 3969: 3968: 3928: 3922: 3919: 3913: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3890:. Archived from 3884: 3878: 3875: 3869: 3851: 3836: 3835: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3790: 3779: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3702: 3691: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3602: 3596: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3552: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3525:The Mercury News 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3478:. Archived from 3468: 3462: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3394: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3312: 3306: 3293: 3287: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3228:. Archived from 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3198:. Archived from 3188: 3186: 3184: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3130: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2843: 2837: 2823: 2817: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2784: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2744:Project Drawdown 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2665: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2625:on 30 April 2011 2621:. Archived from 2611: 2605: 2604: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2559: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2479: 2457:Transport divide 2452:Transit watchdog 2437:Transit district 2360: 2358:Transport portal 2355: 2354: 2274:transport divide 2084:energy efficient 1989:light rail train 1879:free travel pass 1855:proof-of-payment 1762:land development 1662:Downtown Seattle 1658: 1621:Electric bicycle 1581:Cycleway network 1527:London Cable Car 1384:carbon footprint 1252:grade separation 1200:locomotives, or 1179:satellite cities 1177:and neighboring 605:horse-drawn boat 477:passenger trains 429:Public transport 418: 411: 404: 390: 389: 371:Transport divide 242:Uncrewed vehicle 127: 83: 74: 63: 54: 32:Shared transport 21: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6454: 6453: 6452: 6447: 6415: 6401:Public security 6391:Public offering 6359: 6348:Social security 6298:Social services 6292: 6248:Public hospital 6243:Public computer 6238:Public bookcase 6189: 6139: 6108:Law enforcement 6103:Fire department 6086: 6037:Public interest 5980: 5976:Progressive tax 5971:Nationalization 5957: 5955:Public services 5952: 5922: 5917: 5906: 5899: 5803: 5776: 5770: 5699: 5653: 5629:Checked baggage 5617: 5576: 5463:Bus advertising 5447: 5439: 5308: 5299:Trackless train 5242:Scooter-sharing 5237:Bicycle-sharing 5214: 5208: 5174: 5114: 5066: 5028: 5004:Pulled rickshaw 4974:Motorcycle taxi 4917:Combination bus 4898: 4891: 4805:Inter-city rail 4790:High-speed rail 4707: 4590: 4585: 4543: 4533: 4520: 4511: 4509: 4508:on 30 June 2007 4495: 4489: 4473: 4467: 4454: 4448: 4433: 4407: 4405:Further reading 4402: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4355:. 24 April 2020 4345: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4216: 4203: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4179:"UITP Advocacy" 4177: 4176: 4172: 4162: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3992: 3986:Wayback Machine 3976: 3972: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3862:Wayback Machine 3852: 3839: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3670: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3594:Wayback Machine 3583:Wayback Machine 3573: 3569: 3561: 3555:www.unescap.org 3550: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3501:on 11 July 2012 3492: 3491: 3487: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3420: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3392: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3347: 3343: 3330: 3328: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3303:Wayback Machine 3294: 3290: 3284:Wayback Machine 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3202:on 27 June 2013 3190: 3182: 3180: 3172:Merriam-Webster 3167:"Rapid transit" 3165: 3164: 3160: 3145: 3132: 3131: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3105:on 4 March 2016 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2958: 2933: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2846:Alfred, Randy. 2845: 2844: 2840: 2834:Wayback Machine 2824: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2723: 2721: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2557: 2555: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2529: 2527: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2496: 2494: 2481: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2356: 2349: 2346: 2295: 2290: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2252: 2212: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2136: 2056: 2050: 2027: 2021: 2016: 1997: 1971: 1952:KCR Corporation 1923: 1917: 1774: 1754: 1715: 1709: 1701:central station 1696: 1688:Main articles: 1686: 1677: 1649: 1647: 1627: 1619:Main articles: 1617: 1593: 1585:Main articles: 1583: 1541: 1535: 1476:Gulmarg Gondola 1469: 1457:Main articles: 1455: 1413: 1407: 1393:, particularly 1364: 1358: 1327: 1321: 1297: 1291: 1282: 1276: 1220: 1214: 1198:diesel electric 1152: 1146: 1089: 1083: 1074:High-speed rail 1068:the Netherlands 1035: 1033:high-speed rail 1027:Main articles: 1025: 994: 988: 932: 924:Main articles: 922: 902: 842: 834:Main articles: 832: 812: 804:Main articles: 802: 771:Loss of control 731: 729:Comparing modes 726: 680:Locomotion No 1 582:Greek mythology 578:water transport 571: 550: 501:High-speed rail 431:(also known as 422: 384: 125: 124: 123: 122: 86: 85: 84: 76: 75: 66: 65: 64: 56: 55: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Carnet (ticket) 15: 12: 11: 5: 6482: 6480: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6456: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6433: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6386:Public holiday 6383: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6355:Youth services 6352: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6343:Social pension 6335: 6334: 6333: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6311:Public housing 6308: 6302: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6253:Public library 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6218:Infrastructure 6215: 6213:Free education 6210: 6205: 6199: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6145:Public utility 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6118:Savings system 6113:Postal service 6110: 6105: 6100: 6094: 6092: 6091:Basic services 6088: 6087: 6085: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6007:Product sample 6004: 6002:Free newspaper 5999: 5994: 5988: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5928: 5919: 5918: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5845:Land transport 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5746:Transit police 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5726:Rail subsidies 5723: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5598:Network length 5595: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5562:Ticket machine 5559: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5483:Fare avoidance 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5365:Ferry terminal 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5274:Moving walkway 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5229: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5199:Moving walkway 5196: 5191: 5185: 5183: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5128:Aerial tramway 5124: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4924: 4922:Cycle rickshaw 4919: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4901: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4872:Street running 4869: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4717: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4542: 4541:External links 4539: 4538: 4537: 4531: 4518: 4493: 4487: 4471: 4465: 4452: 4446: 4431: 4422: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4366: 4338: 4309: 4281: 4266: 4251: 4221: 4214: 4196: 4170: 4138: 4093: 4062: 4037: 4023: 4014: 4005: 3990: 3970: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3894:on 5 June 2013 3879: 3870: 3837: 3802: 3766: 3740: 3714: 3678: 3652: 3629: 3597: 3567: 3538: 3527:. 26 June 2023 3512: 3485: 3463: 3437: 3418: 3398: 3366: 3341: 3307: 3288: 3269: 3243: 3213: 3158: 3143: 3116: 3089: 3063: 3032: 3011:"Mass transit" 3001: 2975: 2956: 2926: 2904: 2890: 2864: 2838: 2818: 2798: 2791: 2769: 2757: 2731: 2720:. 18 July 2018 2705: 2679: 2636: 2606: 2587:(3): 223–239. 2568: 2540: 2507: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2447:Transit police 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2345: 2342: 2333:Kigali, Rwanda 2324:Nairobi, Kenya 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2261: 2259: 2254:Main article: 2251: 2248: 2240:urban planning 2211: 2208: 2186:calculations. 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2134: 2131:carbon dioxide 2115:green movement 2052:Main article: 2049: 2046: 2023:Main article: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 1993:Main article: 1970: 1967: 1919:Main article: 1916: 1913: 1899:or commercial 1773: 1770: 1753: 1750: 1711:Main article: 1708: 1705: 1685: 1682: 1676: 1675:Infrastructure 1673: 1646: 1643: 1616: 1613: 1582: 1579: 1567:foot-passenger 1537:Main article: 1534: 1531: 1459:Aerial tramway 1454: 1451: 1409:Main article: 1406: 1403: 1360:Main article: 1357: 1354: 1323:Main article: 1320: 1317: 1293:Main article: 1290: 1287: 1278:Main article: 1275: 1272: 1262:, small-scale 1216:Main article: 1213: 1210: 1206:freight trains 1183:train stations 1148:Main article: 1145: 1142: 1085:Main article: 1082: 1079: 1049:Intercity rail 1029:Intercity rail 1024: 1021: 992:Rail transport 990:Main article: 987: 984: 941:trolleybus in 921: 920:Electric buses 918: 910:Coach services 868:Guatemala city 831: 828: 819:LAM Mozambique 801: 798: 730: 727: 725: 722: 662:in July 1829. 619:to bypass the 549: 546: 497:intercity rail 437:public transit 424: 423: 421: 420: 413: 406: 398: 395: 394: 381: 380: 379: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 352: 351: 350: 349: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 267: 266: 262: 261: 260: 259: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 192:Animal-powered 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 146: 145: 139: 138: 132: 131: 88: 87: 78: 77: 69: 68: 67: 58: 57: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6481: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6444: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6422: 6421: 6418: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6396:Public sector 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6336: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321:Job guarantee 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6273:Public toilet 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6263:Public school 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6158:Oil & gas 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6098:Civil service 6096: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6057:Public rights 6055: 6053: 6052:Public policy 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6032:Public health 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6022:Public domain 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5902: 5896: 5895:Micromobility 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5840:Hail and ride 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5435:Transport hub 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5420:Train station 5418: 5416: 5415:Taxicab stand 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5400:Park and ride 5398: 5396: 5395:Metro station 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5138:Cable railway 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4867:Regional rail 4865: 4861: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4748:Commuter rail 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4651:Intercity bus 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4475:Ovenden, Mark 4472: 4468: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4367: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4327: 4323: 4320: 4313: 4310: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4270: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4252: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4217: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4197: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4155: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4124:10044/1/82997 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4097: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4063: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4024: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3909: 3906: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3853:Todd Litman, 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3803: 3787: 3783: 3776: 3770: 3767: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3633: 3630: 3614: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3539: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3500: 3496: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3425: 3421: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3402: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3355: 3354:The Economist 3351: 3345: 3342: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3270: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3244: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3144:9781642832136 3140: 3136: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3090: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 3002: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2963: 2959: 2957:9780199329175 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2930: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2905: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2792:9780761475644 2788: 2783: 2782: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2719: 2718:The Economist 2715: 2709: 2706: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2640: 2637: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2554: 2553:UK Government 2550: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2475: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2367:9-Euro-Ticket 2365: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2304:United States 2300: 2292: 2288:Social issues 2287: 2285: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2257: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2195:CO₂ emissions 2191: 2187: 2185: 2179: 2175: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2137:) emissions. 2132: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2078:manufacturer. 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2048:Environmental 2047: 2045: 2038: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2019:Accessibility 2018: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2002: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1981:deputy and a 1980: 1975: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1963:conservatives 1959: 1955: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1932:aviation fuel 1927: 1922: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1875:whole network 1872: 1868: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1778: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1706: 1704: 1703:or airport). 1702: 1695: 1691: 1690:Transport hub 1683: 1681: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1644: 1642: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1545: 1540: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:Mi Teleférico 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1488:gondola lifts 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260:people movers 1256: 1253: 1245: 1244:rapid transit 1240: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1218:Rapid transit 1212:Rapid transit 1211: 1209: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1191:park and ride 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1171:Commuter rail 1165: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1150:Commuter rail 1144:Commuter rail 1143: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:commuter rail 1123: 1122:people movers 1119: 1118:rapid transit 1115: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1002: 998: 993: 985: 983: 981: 977: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 944: 940: 936: 931: 927: 919: 917: 915: 911: 907: 905: 900: 898: 893: 889: 883: 879: 875: 869: 865: 860: 854: 850: 846: 841: 837: 830:Bus and coach 829: 827: 820: 816: 811: 810:Bush airplane 807: 799: 797: 795: 791: 787: 782: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 743: 735: 728: 723: 721: 719: 718: 712: 709: 706: 701: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 681: 676: 672: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 652:Blaise Pascal 649: 645: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:ancient Egypt 610: 606: 602: 601:coaching inns 598: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 574:ferry service 567: 562: 554: 547: 545: 543: 537: 535: 530: 528: 524: 519: 517: 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481:rapid transit 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 419: 414: 412: 407: 405: 400: 399: 397: 396: 393: 388: 383: 382: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 348: 345: 344: 343: 340: 339: 338: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 278:Accessibility 276: 274: 273:9-Euro-Ticket 271: 270: 269: 268: 263: 258: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 212:Rapid transit 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 177:Human-powered 175: 173: 170: 168: 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 148: 147: 144: 140: 137: 133: 129: 128: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 103:United States 100: 96: 92: 82: 73: 62: 53: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6440: 6428: 6381:Public float 6316:Job creation 6268:Public space 6195:Public works 6129: 6072:Public value 6067:Public trust 5905: 5880:Timing point 5865:Request stop 5808:Other topics 5665:Bus bunching 5649:Travel class 5608:Radial route 5588:Circle route 5572:Transit pass 5533:Penalty fare 5493:Fare evasion 5488:Fare capping 5473:Dead mileage 5430:Transit mall 5153:Gondola lift 4932:Microtransit 4840:People mover 4753:Circle route 4668:Open top bus 4631:Circle route 4587: 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4506:the original 4501: 4478: 4456: 4436: 4428:3(1):45–58. 4425: 4411: 4390:. Retrieved 4383:www.ITDP.org 4382: 4369: 4357:. Retrieved 4350: 4341: 4329:. Retrieved 4321: 4312: 4300:. Retrieved 4294: 4284: 4275: 4269: 4260: 4254: 4242:. Retrieved 4238:the original 4233: 4224: 4205: 4199: 4187:. Retrieved 4183:the original 4173: 4161:. Retrieved 4154:the original 4141: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4053:. Retrieved 4049: 4040: 4017: 4008: 3973: 3940: 3936: 3926: 3921:Newman, 1999 3917: 3908: 3896:. Retrieved 3892:the original 3882: 3873: 3865: 3818:(1): 77–95. 3815: 3811: 3805: 3793:. Retrieved 3781: 3769: 3757:. Retrieved 3743: 3731:. Retrieved 3717: 3705:. Retrieved 3693: 3681: 3669:. Retrieved 3665:the original 3655: 3647:the original 3642: 3632: 3620:. Retrieved 3600: 3570: 3554: 3541: 3529:. Retrieved 3524: 3515: 3503:. Retrieved 3499:the original 3488: 3480:the original 3475: 3466: 3454:. Retrieved 3440: 3428:. Retrieved 3408: 3401: 3385: 3357:. Retrieved 3353: 3344: 3336: 3329:. Retrieved 3320: 3310: 3296:– Planetizen 3291: 3272: 3260:. Retrieved 3257:Magic Guides 3256: 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3230:the original 3216: 3204:. Retrieved 3200:the original 3181:. Retrieved 3170: 3161: 3134: 3107:. Retrieved 3103:the original 3092: 3080:. Retrieved 3066: 3054:. Retrieved 3045: 3035: 3023:. Retrieved 3014: 3004: 2992:. Retrieved 2988: 2978: 2966:. Retrieved 2939: 2929: 2917:. Retrieved 2907: 2893: 2881:. Retrieved 2867: 2855:. Retrieved 2851: 2841: 2821: 2806: 2801: 2780: 2772: 2760: 2748:. Retrieved 2743: 2734: 2722:. Retrieved 2717: 2708: 2696:. Retrieved 2692:the original 2682: 2673:11299/171057 2653: 2649: 2639: 2627:. Retrieved 2623:the original 2618: 2609: 2584: 2580: 2563: 2556:. Retrieved 2552: 2543: 2535: 2528:. Retrieved 2519: 2510: 2502: 2495:. Retrieved 2491:the original 2486: 2477: 2442:Transit pass 2320:Cairo, Egypt 2296: 2282: 2277: 2266: 2244:urban sprawl 2232: 2228: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2151: 2126: 2124: 2112: 2101: 2081: 2042: 2034:Sydney Metro 2009: 2005: 1998: 1960: 1956: 1945: 1928: 1924: 1891: 1882: 1866: 1863: 1848: 1844:zone pricing 1836:transit pass 1833: 1811:to generate 1806: 1755: 1739: 1716: 1697: 1684:Interchanges 1678: 1664:from atop a 1639: 1602: 1562: 1560: 1548: 1496: 1485: 1463:Gondola lift 1425: 1388: 1381: 1376:Kuala Lumpur 1346: 1314: 1310: 1283: 1280:People mover 1274:People mover 1257: 1249: 1195: 1169: 1104: 1072: 1047: 1006: 969: 949:Trolleybuses 947: 926:Electric bus 908: 901: 888:Bus services 886: 849:TransJakarta 824: 783: 775:overcrowding 744: 740: 715: 713: 710: 697: 678: 664: 637: 597:stagecoaches 594: 570: 538: 531: 520: 505: 465:trolleybuses 444: 443:, or simply 441:mass transit 440: 436: 432: 428: 427: 332: 43: 6233:Public bank 6208:Free clinic 6042:Public land 5992:Common good 5885:Transit map 5860:Public good 5777:and signage 5634:First class 5548:Smart cards 5523:Money train 5385:Kassel kerb 5345:Bus station 5133:Cable ferry 5100:Ocean liner 5080:Cable ferry 4937:Paratransit 4698:Transit bus 4693:Shuttle bus 4641:Express bus 4596:Bus service 4109:: 362–374. 3236:27 February 3206:27 February 3183:27 February 2968:28 November 2698:14 December 2382:Hitchhiking 2219:Traffic jam 1901:sponsorship 1766:fiber optic 1734:Mobile apps 1609:human power 1547:Water bus ( 1499:ski resorts 1443:paratransit 1350:interurbans 1334:Valley Line 1264:light metro 1187:shuttle bus 1164:Los Angeles 878:SBS Transit 790:comfortable 786:predictable 755:convenience 751:direct cost 633:grain trade 629:Grand Canal 523:real estate 516:Paratransit 512:Share taxis 308:Engineering 298:Cyclability 6458:Categories 6406:Public use 6288:Urban park 6228:Public art 6017:Public bad 5835:Dwell time 5825:Crush load 5775:Technology 5695:Short turn 5658:Scheduling 5622:Facilities 5410:Queue jump 5330:Bus garage 5232:Carsharing 5110:Water taxi 5090:Hovercraft 5042:Car jockey 5034:Carpooling 5009:Share taxi 4979:Marshrutka 4944:Dollar van 4887:Tram-train 4815:Light rail 4810:Interurban 4773:Heavy rail 4703:Trolleybus 4663:Marshrutka 4646:Guided bus 4189:21 October 4163:21 October 4082:: 163691. 3759:21 October 3733:21 October 3707:29 October 3671:21 October 3622:21 October 3505:21 October 3456:21 October 3430:21 October 3331:30 January 3251:suzannep. 3153:2021935870 3109:21 October 3082:21 October 3056:20 January 3025:30 January 2883:21 October 2815:0521070600 2629:15 January 2530:30 January 2497:30 January 2469:References 1983:police dog 1909:Luxembourg 1883:job ticket 1821:smart card 1797:smart card 1793:SmartRider 1746:rush hours 1718:Timetables 1707:Timetables 1378:, Malaysia 1325:Light rail 1319:Light rail 1138:funiculars 1114:light rail 1096:Merseyrail 1013:signalling 930:Trolleybus 864:Transmetro 677:built the 673:. 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