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153:, a former sea captain who rose to become one of the wealthiest and most successful merchants in Boston. Caroline Sturgis was a middle child among six children, including William Watson (1810-1827), Ellen (1812-1848), Anne (1813-1884), Caroline (1818-1888), Mary Louisa (1820-1870), and Susan (1825-1853). William Watson, first-born son and his father's beloved namesake, was killed at sixteen in a boating accident of the coast of
264:
Sturgis began her intellectual career as
Margaret Fuller's student, and later became her primary confidante. Together they traveled to secluded destinations to write, draw, and think. Sturgis was a catalyst for many of Fuller's ideas about art, women, mysticism, and more. Both women loved one another
221:
lived there, and remained friends with the
Hawthornes. This friendship later became strained when the Hawthornes rented the little red house on the Sturgis’ property in the Berkshires. She had purchased this former farm with her husband in 1849, eventually building a stick-style cottage on the land
193:
were honored at a party at the
Sturgis home on March 5, 1835, following Emerson's lecture on Burke at Boston's Masonic Temple, the sixth in his series on biography given for the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. The friendship between Emerson and Sturgis grew following her sojourn with
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in the winter of 1837, during his course of lectures on Human
Culture at Boston's Masonic Temple. Emerson knew her father from his time working as a minister in Boston and in previous visits to the Sturgis family, so he likely knew Caroline Sturgis when she was a child. Emerson and his then fiancée
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in 1827, when the boom of the boat suddenly gibed, hitting him in the head. William and
Elizabeth lived separately for a period after the accident, and although Elizabeth eventually returned to live with her husband, the family never recovered from this tragedy.
298:
Recent research has shown that
Sturgis had a greater influence on Transcendentalist thought than previously acknowledged, particularly on Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose journals and poems provide evidence of his deep respect for her.
235:
and
Susanna Aspinwall, and they had two daughters, Ellen Sturgis Tappan Dixey (b. 1849) and Mary Aspinwall Tappan (1851-1941). Mary, with her niece Rosamund Dixey Brooks Hepburn (1887-1948), later donated the family summer home,
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describes in “The Female World of Love and Ritual.” Sturgis joined Fuller for her extended stay at
Fishkill Landing, New York from October through November 1844, during which time Fuller turned her 1843
287:, an illustrated collection of nine stories for children featuring young female protagonists. In 1856, she published a second illustrated collection of seven stories for children,
198:, in June 1839, a visit that was followed by many others. Their correspondence extended their face to face conversations on philosophy and literature, including on such works as
291:. Bowing to the dictates of her class and its restrictions on gender, Sturgis did not reveal her authorship of these two books, attributing them instead to her friend
659:
689:
496:
Lawrence, Kathleen (2005). ""The 'Dry-Lighted Soul' Ignites: Emerson and His Soul-Mate
Caroline Sturgis As Seen in Her Houghton Manuscripts."".
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poet and artist. She is particularly known for her friendships and frequent correspondences with prominent
American Transcendentalists, such as
149:
to the former Elizabeth Marsten Davis Sturgis, the second daughter of John Davis, a U.S. District Judge for the District of Massachusetts, and
760:
Lawrence, Kathleen (2011). "Soul Sisters and the Sister Arts: Margaret Fuller, Caroline Sturgis, and Their Private World of Love and Art".
854:
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Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll (Autumn 1975). "The Female World of Love and Ritual: Relations between Women in Nineteenth-Century America".
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in 1865. Sturgis named this estate “Tanglewood,” the name that Hawthorne eventually used for his short story collection
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Many of Sturgis's poems and stories contain natural, spiritual, and musical themes. In 1847, she published
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Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism: The Essential Guide to the Lives and Works of Transcendentalist Writers
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251:
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43:
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178:
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55:
629:
Stebbins, Richard P. (1999). “Berkshire Quartet: Hawthornes and Tappans at Tanglewood, 1850-1851.”
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185:
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812:
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The New England Transcendentalists and the Dial: A History of the Magazine and Its Contributors
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essay “The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women” into her important feminist work
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129:, a Transcendental periodical. She also wrote and illustrated two books for children,
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232:
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Dedmond, Francis B. (1988). "The Letters of Caroline Sturgis to Margaret Fuller".
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Dedmond, Francis B. (1988). "The Letters of Caroline Sturgis to Margaret Fuller".
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Dedmond, Francis B. (1988). "The Letters of Caroline Sturgis to Margaret Fuller".
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In 1847, Sturgis married William Aspinwall Tappan, son of abolitionist
744:(Second ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 490.
808:
443:
Sturgis family Bible, Sturgis Papers, Sturgis Library, Barnstable.
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564:
Argersinger, Jana; Cole, Phyllis, eds. (2014). "Introduction".
333:"Margaret Fuller's Aesthetic Transcendentalism and Its Legacy"
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by Caroline Sturgis Tapppan (attributed to Lydia Maria Child)
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The American transcendentalists : Their prose and poetry
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Emerson’s American Lecture Engagements: A Chronological List.
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Jackson, Jr., Richard S. and Cornelia Brooke Gilder (2006).
228:(1853), written while in residence in the little red house.
123:. Sturgis published 25 poems in four different volumes of
103:(August 30, 1818 – October 20, 1888), commonly known as
715:"Tanglewood Music Festival - People Who Made it Happen"
335:. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Press. pp. 273–95.
386:. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses.
354:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p.
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568:. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 19.
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664:Five College Archives & Manuscript Collection
582:, New York: Columbia University Press, v. 7: 345.
541:. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, p. 24.
331:Lawrence, Kathleen (2004). Bloom, Harold (ed.).
600:. Garden City: Doubleday anchor books. p.
184:Margaret Fuller formally introduced Sturgis to
566:Toward a Female Genealogy of Transcendentalism
539:The Selected Letters of Lidian Jackson Emerson
320:. Vol. 2. Ithaca: Cornell UP. p. 47.
619:. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 275.
209:Sturgis spent the summer of 1845 boarding at
8:
888:The Magician’s Show Box, and Other Stories
762:ESQ: A Journal of the American Renaissance
346:Richardson, Robert D. (November 6, 1995).
289:The Magician’s Show Box, and Other Stories
135:The Magician’s Show Box, and Other Stories
29:
18:
874:Selected poems by Caroline Sturgis Tappan
660:"Sturgis-Tappan Family Papers, 1812-1982"
554:New York: New York Public Library, p. 15.
472:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 115.
403:. Press of John Wilson and Son. pp.
265:in a romantic friendship similar to what
829:Houghton Library, Sturgis-Tappan Papers.
647:The Houses of the Berkshires, 1870-1930.
633:, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Spring 1999), p. 1-20.
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537:Carpenter, Delores Bird, ed. (1987).
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470:Margaret Fuller: A New American Life
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204:Goethe's Correspondence with a Child
649:New York: Acanthus Press, p. 28-30.
517:Studies in the American Renaissance
455:Studies in the American Renaissance
420:Studies in the American Renaissance
615:Wayne, Tiffany K. (May 14, 2014).
580:The Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson
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400:Memoir of the Hon William Sturgis
839:Marshall, Megan (May 11, 2006).
173:'s school for girls, and became
277:Woman in the Nineteenth Century
196:house in Concord, Massachusetts
318:The Letters of Margaret Fuller
1:
316:Hudspeth, Richard N. (1983).
145:Caroline Sturgis was born in
742:Women & Music: A History
578:Tilton, Eleanor M. (1990).
397:Loring, Charles G. (1864).
255:Portrait of Tappan, c. 1848
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883:by Caroline Sturgis Tappan
631:Nathaniel Hawthorne Review
113:American Transcendentalist
53:October 20, 1888 (aged 70)
845:. Mariner Books. p.
690:"Caroline Sturgis Tappan"
550:Charvat, William (1961).
350:Emerson: The Mind on Fire
246:Boston Symphony Orchestra
28:
498:Harvard Library Bulletin
468:Marshall, Megan (2014).
161:As a girl, she attended
83:William Aspinwall Tappan
267:Carroll Smith-Rosenberg
101:Caroline Sturgis Tappan
23:Caroline Sturgis Tappan
740:Pendle, Karin (2001).
592:Miller, Perry (1957).
382:Myerson, Joel (1980).
260:Writings and influence
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194:the Emersons at their
880:Rainbows for Children
774:10.1353/esq.2011.0020
285:Rainbows for Children
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147:Boston, Massachusetts
131:Rainbows for Children
44:Boston, Massachusetts
915:American women poets
179:Ellen Sturgis Hooper
92:Ellen Sturgis Hooper
56:Lenox, Massachusetts
842:The Peabody Sisters
721:. February 10, 2016
215:Nathaniel Hawthorne
186:Ralph Waldo Emerson
121:Ralph Waldo Emerson
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200:Bettina von Arnim
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133:(1847) and
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242:Berkshires
238:Tanglewood
62:Occupation
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240:, in the
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
