742:
96:
145:
31:
592:—ornate covers in precious metal set with jewels around central carved ivory panels—sometimes these were donated some time after the manuscript itself was produced. Only a few such covers have survived intact, but many of the ivory panels survive detached, where the covers have been broken up for their materials. The subjects were often narrative religious scenes in vertical sections, largely derived from Late Antique paintings and carvings, as were those with more hieratic images derived from
577:
722:
4273:
387:
necessarily contemporary, as to who commissioned them, and which church or monastery they were given to, but few dates or names and locations of those producing them. The surviving manuscripts have been assigned, and often reassigned, to workshops by scholars, and the controversies attending this process have largely died down. The earliest workshop was the Court School of
Charlemagne; then a
396:
511:
269:
232:
and small-scale sculptures, mostly in ivory, have survived, but far fewer examples of metalwork, mosaics and frescoes and other types of work. Many manuscripts in particular are copies or reinterpretations of Late
Antique or Byzantine models, nearly all now lost, and the nature of the influence of
386:
Carolingian manuscripts are presumed to have been produced largely or entirely by clerics, in a few workshops around the
Carolingian Empire, each with its own style that developed based on the artists and influences of that particular location and time. Manuscripts often have inscriptions, not
111:
There was for the first time a thoroughgoing attempt in
Northern Europe to revive and emulate classical Mediterranean art forms and styles, that resulted in a blending of classical and Northern elements in a sumptuous and dignified style, in particular introducing to the North confidence in
374:, but no Carolingian Bible is decorated as heavily as the Late Antique examples that survive in fragments. Teaching books such as theological, historical, literary and scientific works from ancient authors were copied and generally only illustrated in ink, if at all. The
661:, in imitation of Roman designs. The chapel also had a now lost life-size crucifix, with the figure of Christ in gold, the first known work of this type, which was to become so important a feature of medieval church art. Probably a wooden figure was mechanically
483:
text on animals. The expressive animations of the Rheims school, in particular the
Utrecht Psalter with its naturalistic expressive figurine line drawings, would have influence on northern medieval art for centuries to follow, into the Romanesque period.
83:
under
Imperial patronage; survivals from outside this charmed circle show a considerable drop in quality of workmanship and sophistication of design. The art was produced in several centres in what are now France, Germany, Austria, northern Italy and the
541:
In the second half of the 9th century the traditions of the first half continued. A number of richly decorated Bibles were made for
Charles the Bald, fusing Late Antiquity forms with the styles developed at Rheims and Tours. It was during this time a
391:
style, which became the most influential of the
Carolingian period; a Touronian style; a Drogo style; and finally a Court School of Charles the Bald. These are the major centres, but others exist, characterized by the works of art produced there.
902:
is the Latin term for "spoils" and is used to refer to the taking or appropriation of ancient monumental or other art works for new uses or locations. We know that many marbles and columns were brought from Rome northward during this period.
358:
is a relatively rare example of a secular manuscript heavily illustrated with fully painted miniatures, lying in between these two classes, and perhaps produced for the private library of an important individual, as was the
345:
or rich covers with jewels set in gold and carved ivory panels, and, as in
Insular art, were prestige objects kept in the church or treasury, and a different class of object from the working manuscripts kept in the
538:. The illuminated "historiated" decorated initials (see image this page) were to have influence into the Romanesque period and were a harmonious union of classical lettering with figural scenes.
4115:
553:(870) being the last and most spectacular. It contained Touronian and Rheimsian elements, but fused with the style that characterized Charlemagne's Court School more formal manuscripts.
491:, in which large Bibles were illustrated based on Late Antique bible illustrations. Three large Touronian Bibles were created, the last, and best, example was made about 845/846 for
2740:
465:(816–835) was painted with swift, fresh and vibrant brush strokes, evoking an inspiration and energy unknown in classical Mediterranean forms. Other books associated with the
244:
With the end of
Carolingian rule around 900, high quality artistic production greatly declined for about three generations in the Empire. By the later 10th century with the
194:(revival) of Roman culture and learning in the West, and needed an art capable of telling stories and representing figures with an effectiveness which ornamental Germanic
518:, 9th-century Naturalistic and energetic figurine line drawings were entirely new, and were to become the most influential innovation of Carolinian art in later periods.
434:; ten manuscripts in total are usually recognised. The Court School manuscripts were ornate and ostentatious, and reminiscent of 6th-century ivories and mosaics from
1211:
611:, which can be precisely dated to 870, is probably a product of the same workshop, though there are differences of style. This workshop is associated with the
367:, stands alone as a very heavily illustrated library version of the Psalms done in pen and wash, and almost certainly copied from a much earlier manuscript.
3103:
549:
Charles the Bald, like his grandfather, also established a Court School. Its location is uncertain but several manuscripts are attributed to it, with the
3610:
556:
With the death of Charles the Bald patronage for manuscripts declined, signaling the beginning of the end, but some work did continue for a while. The
198:
could not. He wished to establish himself as the heir to the great rulers of the past, to emulate and symbolically link the artistic achievements of
546:
style appeared in the north of France, integrating Hiberno-Saxon interlace, and would outlast all other Carolingian styles into the next century.
248:
reform movement, and a revived spirit for the idea of Empire, art production began again. New Pre-Romanesque styles appeared in Germany with the
233:
specific models on individual Carolingian works remains a perennial topic in art history. As well as these influences, the extravagant energy of
171:, the Carolingian court must have been conscious that they lacked an artistic style to match these or even the post-antique (or "sub-antique" as
1628:
378:
was a Late Roman manuscript that apparently was copied in the Carolingian period, though this copy seems to have been lost in the 17th century.
3892:
2830:
2427:
1861:
1015:
1912:
650:. Recent scholars tend to group the Lindau Gospels and the Arnulf Ciborium in closer relation to each other than the Codex Aureus to either.
350:, where some initials might be decorated, and pen drawings added in a few places. A few of the grandest imperial manuscripts were written on
288:
741:
1472:
1124:
907:
221:
sets out the position of his court circle, no doubt under his direction. With no inhibitions from a cultural memory of Mediterranean pagan
241:, and followed more cautiously the insular freedom in allowing decoration to spread around and into the text on the page of a manuscript.
4322:
3617:
3069:
2193:
1594:
1539:
1204:
4317:
3247:
2098:
1174:
302:
3326:
3321:
1657:
1100:
1086:
1070:
1056:
914:. It was the only surviving statue of a pre-Christian Roman Emperor because it was mistakenly thought, at the time, to be that of
2332:
1584:
3752:
3225:
1516:
1432:
3505:
3054:
1533:
1242:
1197:
906:
Perhaps the most famous example of Carolingian spolia is the tale of an equestrian statue. In Rome, Charlemagne had seen the
753:
Sources attest to the abundance of wall paintings seen in churches and palaces, most of which have not survived. Records of
2594:
2347:
1077:
438:, Italy. They were the earliest Carolingian manuscripts and initiated a revival of Roman classicism, yet still maintained
3976:
3348:
3189:
3017:
1822:
1734:
1707:
679:
565:
95:
92:
of the British Isles, as well as a number of Byzantine artists who appear to have been resident in Carolingian centres.
618:, and often called his "Palace School". Its location (if it had a fixed one) remains uncertain and much discussed, but
3637:
2004:
608:
581:
550:
34:
3291:
337:
further developed, with small narrative scenes seen for the first time towards the end of the period—notably in the
3934:
3550:
3373:
2747:
2361:
2337:
1890:
1849:
1562:
1134:
818:
in churches and palaces, nearly all completely lost. Charlemagne's Aachen palace contained a wall painting of the
3133:
3012:
2968:
2376:
2019:
1987:
764:
746:
709:
which survive; this shows large numbers of figures in several scenes showing the unusual subject of the story of
658:
431:
46:
38:
144:
4297:
3880:
3535:
3378:
3363:
3174:
3044:
2918:
2710:
2665:
2626:
2567:
2538:
1938:
946:
710:
3034:
1834:
1150:
4058:
3395:
3235:
3179:
3167:
2990:
2985:
2545:
2149:
1992:
1907:
1773:
1567:
915:
666:
627:
411:
294:
238:
76:
446:) traditions in their basically linear presentation, with no concern for volume and spatial relationships.
225:, he introduced the first Christian monumental religious sculpture, a momentous precedent for Western art.
4276:
4169:
3817:
3767:
3727:
3690:
3590:
3230:
2550:
2528:
2388:
1702:
1697:
795:
768:
415:
229:
4302:
3807:
3782:
3747:
3683:
3605:
3383:
3358:
3338:
2973:
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2757:
1316:
1238:
754:
427:
347:
317:
of Britain and Ireland. Narrative images and especially cycles are rarer, but many exist, mostly of the
209:
But it was more than a conscious desire to revive ancient Roman culture. During Charlemagne's reign the
30:
830:
contained historical images from antiquity to the time of Charlemagne, and the palace church contained
568:(883). This Gallish style was unique, but lacked the level of technical mastery seen in other regions.
3929:
3510:
3279:
3184:
2978:
2908:
2824:
2698:
2501:
2477:
2327:
2127:
1817:
1652:
1557:
1491:
1422:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1279:
951:
784:
730:
631:
623:
619:
439:
210:
195:
168:
705:, of the middle of the 9th century, is one of the largest of a group of about 20 engraved pieces of
507:
in 853, but its style had already left a permanent mark on other centers in the Carolingian Empire.
268:
4312:
4307:
4152:
3737:
3653:
3622:
3500:
3475:
3463:
3264:
3150:
2997:
2670:
2342:
1948:
1885:
1871:
1749:
1669:
1647:
1189:
923:
831:
788:
733:, c. 806, but restored. The subject seems drawn from illuminated Jewish bibles, and relates to the
726:
462:
375:
334:
306:
280:
276:
199:
543:
4194:
3897:
3802:
3742:
3485:
3407:
3343:
3157:
3118:
3074:
2961:
2913:
2862:
2789:
2616:
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2178:
2052:
1982:
1844:
1839:
1616:
1381:
1346:
803:
612:
535:
488:
338:
333:
on the covers. The oversized and heavily decorated initials of Insular art were adopted, and the
272:
184:
125:
4252:
3433:
3113:
1129:
794:
The villa to which the oratory was attached belonged to a key associate of Charlemagne, Bishop
3922:
3875:
3845:
3705:
3575:
3490:
3480:
3296:
3145:
3128:
3002:
2621:
2599:
2584:
2555:
2508:
2371:
2317:
2307:
2188:
2159:
1866:
1778:
1768:
1755:
1744:
1407:
1356:
1336:
1311:
1267:
1120:
1096:
1082:
1066:
1052:
780:
557:
480:
132:
revived Imperial art from about 950, building on and further developing Carolingian style in
4258:
4204:
4162:
3865:
3658:
3203:
3081:
2794:
2777:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2643:
2589:
2312:
2257:
2154:
2122:
2093:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1933:
1795:
1790:
1467:
1228:
1171:
672:
One of the finest examples of Carolingian goldsmiths' work is the Golden Altar (824–859), a
643:
615:
593:
589:
576:
561:
492:
475:
423:
355:
351:
342:
214:
164:
129:
50:
737:, possibly written by Theodulf, where the Ark is cited as divine approval of sacred images.
721:
4231:
4179:
4036:
3961:
3885:
3710:
3700:
3595:
3580:
3560:
3443:
3353:
3316:
3301:
3049:
2956:
2898:
2720:
2715:
2472:
2441:
2393:
2083:
2014:
1999:
1827:
1805:
1726:
1674:
1664:
1636:
1572:
1496:
1437:
1427:
1371:
1366:
1178:
1105:
823:
702:
695:
635:
523:
515:
470:
466:
364:
360:
322:
253:
172:
100:
68:
2063:
17:
4241:
4209:
4157:
4105:
4088:
4078:
4006:
3668:
3545:
3515:
3412:
3400:
3274:
3208:
3140:
3007:
2903:
2606:
2302:
2285:
2242:
2183:
2047:
1977:
1691:
1684:
1606:
1523:
1376:
911:
734:
604:
597:
450:
399:
218:
113:
600:, which adapt a 6th-century Imperial triumph to the triumph of Christ and the Virgin.
4291:
4142:
4110:
3971:
3966:
3949:
3777:
3772:
3757:
3732:
3722:
3673:
3627:
3333:
3311:
3242:
3108:
2937:
2840:
2816:
2799:
2772:
2767:
2752:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2422:
2171:
2132:
2071:
1897:
1854:
1552:
1484:
1326:
1304:
1220:
531:
326:
318:
203:
85:
461:), assembled artists and transformed Carolingian art to something entirely new. The
4221:
4174:
4130:
4120:
4083:
4053:
4016:
3991:
3981:
3944:
3787:
3570:
3438:
3162:
3091:
2888:
2811:
2677:
2562:
2513:
2417:
2398:
2366:
2263:
2203:
2198:
1943:
1763:
1601:
1459:
1442:
1402:
1397:
1351:
1289:
1183:
819:
706:
527:
496:
371:
310:
249:
133:
121:
104:
4216:
2077:
603:
Important Carolingian examples of goldsmith's work include the upper cover of the
217:. He supported the Western church's consistent refusal to follow iconoclasm; the
88:, and received considerable influence, via continental mission centres, from the
4137:
4100:
4041:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3855:
3850:
3792:
3717:
3695:
3632:
3585:
3525:
3495:
3417:
3259:
3097:
3086:
3059:
3029:
2893:
2867:
2784:
2705:
2693:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2611:
2572:
2408:
2383:
2356:
2297:
2268:
2230:
2137:
2105:
2057:
1785:
1713:
1506:
1447:
1361:
1299:
1259:
934:
930:
811:
687:
639:
454:
443:
419:
314:
298:
234:
180:
89:
80:
72:
42:
473:, which was perhaps the most important of all Carolingian manuscripts, and the
4184:
4011:
3996:
3956:
3902:
3870:
3762:
3600:
3555:
3448:
3254:
3064:
2932:
2653:
2455:
2247:
2235:
2088:
2009:
1876:
1642:
1547:
1501:
1479:
1294:
1284:
1272:
1224:
918:
and thus held great accord—Charlemagne thus brought an equestrian statue from
866:
772:
638:, is the third major work in the group; all three have fine relief figures in
370:
Other liturgical works were sometimes produced in luxury manuscripts, such as
153:
128:". After a rather chaotic interval following the Carolingian period, the new
117:
71:
in the period of roughly 120 years from about 780 to 900—during the reign of
4246:
4236:
4199:
4031:
4021:
4001:
3986:
3827:
3797:
3530:
3453:
2872:
2658:
2495:
2252:
1953:
1902:
1800:
1611:
1417:
1388:
827:
653:
Charlemagne revived large-scale bronze casting when he created a foundry at
395:
79:. The art was produced by and for the court circle and a group of important
642:
gold. Another work associated with the workshop is the frame of an antique
510:
775:. This mosaic no longer survives, but an over-restored one remains in the
4226:
4147:
4095:
4026:
3939:
3860:
3812:
3678:
3663:
3520:
3458:
3390:
3284:
3269:
2943:
2857:
2847:
2835:
2579:
2434:
2042:
1739:
1679:
1511:
878:
691:
674:
222:
157:
3565:
3368:
3306:
3123:
3022:
2762:
2489:
2484:
2322:
2210:
2166:
1928:
1623:
933:
were reused in various settings, without much regard to their original
919:
882:
874:
850:
842:
838:
662:
504:
435:
301:, have survived, decorated with a relatively small number of full-page
58:
4189:
4048:
3822:
3540:
3470:
3039:
2951:
2806:
2037:
1579:
898:
858:
846:
815:
807:
799:
760:
686:. The altars four sides are decorated with images in gold and silver
654:
647:
458:
388:
330:
293:
The most numerous surviving works of the Carolingian renaissance are
257:
112:
representing the human figure, and setting the stage for the rise of
54:
822:, as well as narrative scenes from his war in Spain. The palace of
237:
added a definite flavour to Carolingian work, which sometimes used
2273:
1528:
1412:
886:
862:
854:
834:
scenes of the Old and New Testaments juxtaposed with one another.
740:
720:
683:
575:
509:
500:
394:
267:
245:
149:
94:
596:
and other imperial art, such as the front and back covers of the
4125:
2927:
870:
776:
176:
1193:
791:
adored by angels, discovered in 1820 under a coat of plaster.
526:
was another center of Carolingian art. Between 850 and 855 a
1095:, 1974 edn. (1935 1st edn.), University of Michigan Press,
926:, to Aachen, to match the statue of "Constantine" in Rome.
175:
called it) art still being produced in small quantities in
120:
in the West. The Carolingian era is part of the period in
987:
Kitzinger, 69. Dodwell, 49 discusses the reasons for this.
4116:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
1119:, Penguin History of Art (now Yale), 1972 (nb, 1st edn.)
757:
show that their subject matter was primarily religious.
1049:
Early Medieval Art: Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque
588:
Luxury Carolingian manuscripts were intended to have
4071:
3836:
3646:
3426:
3218:
3202:
2881:
2686:
2465:
2454:
2284:
2221:
2114:
2030:
1921:
1725:
1458:
1258:
1249:
1153:
Pen and Parchment : Drawing in the Middle Ages
410:) produced the earliest manuscripts, including the
406:The Court School of Charlemagne (also known as the
152:late 9th century, with two scenes from the life of
1075:Gaehde, Joachim E. (1989). "Pre-Romanesque Art".
183:knew from his campaigns, and where he was crowned
798:. It was destroyed later in the century, but had
252:of the next stable dynasty, in England with late
190:As symbolic representative of Rome he sought the
75:and his immediate heirs—popularly known as the
622:outside Paris is one leading possibility. The
479:, the earliest Latin edition of the Christian
1205:
767:showed an enthroned Christ worshipped by the
163:Having established an Empire as large as the
8:
745:Digital reconstruction of the aula regia of
503:School was cut short by the invasion of the
487:Another style developed at the monastery of
1157:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
3215:
2462:
1255:
1212:
1198:
1190:
148:Ivory plaque, probably from a book cover,
1051:, Thames & Hudson, 1964 (rev. 1969),
329:scenes are more often found on the ivory
297:. A number of luxury manuscripts, mostly
167:of the day, and rivaling in size the old
1110:Early Medieval Art at the British Museum
1063:The Pictorial Arts of the West, 800–1200
814:. We know from written sources of other
179:and a few other centres in Italy, which
143:
29:
962:
837:Fragmentary paintings have survived at
27:Art of the Frankish empire, ca. 780–900
3893:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
1112:, (1940) 2nd edn, 1955, British Museum
1913:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
289:Key works of Carolingian illumination
7:
908:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
771:and the twenty-four elders from the
449:In the early 9th-century Archbishop
402:778–820. Charlemagne's Court School.
3248:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
2099:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
228:Reasonable numbers of Carolingian
25:
3322:American Figurative Expressionism
1658:International Gothic art in Italy
313:, following the precedent of the
4272:
4271:
2831:Neue KĂĽnstlervereinigung MĂĽnchen
341:. Luxury manuscripts were given
3753:Tunisian collaborative painting
3226:International Typographic Style
3506:The Caribbean Artists Movement
922:, then believed to be that of
1:
1862:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
1078:Dictionary of the Middle Ages
765:Charlemagne's palatine chapel
657:which cast the doors for his
213:controversy was dividing the
3977:Modern European ink painting
3349:Bay Area Figurative Movement
256:, after the threat from the
3638:Artificial intelligence art
609:Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram
582:Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram
580:Gem-encrusted cover of the
551:Codex Aureus of St. Emmeram
260:was removed, and in Spain.
4339:
4323:Netherlandish Medieval art
3551:Post-painterly abstraction
3374:Situationist International
2748:Pennsylvania Impressionism
286:
283:. The text is in gold ink.
4318:Art by period of creation
4267:
3134:California Scene Painting
3013:California Scene Painting
2969:Figurative Constructivism
2020:Poussinists and Rubenists
1236:
747:Ingelheim Imperial Palace
680:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
432:Vienna Coronation Gospels
4232:Prehistoric European art
3881:Contemporary African art
3364:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
3292:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
2919:Universal Constructivism
2711:California Impressionism
2666:American Barbizon school
947:Carolingian architecture
18:Carolingian illumination
4059:Walking Artists Network
3396:Letterist International
3236:Washington Color School
2150:Arts in the Philippines
1135:Encyclopædia Britannica
690:, framed by borders of
667:Golden Madonna of Essen
665:, as with the Ottonian
572:Sculpture and metalwork
412:Godescalc Evangelistary
382:Centres of illumination
295:illuminated manuscripts
264:Illuminated manuscripts
230:illuminated manuscripts
77:Carolingian Renaissance
4170:Illuminated manuscript
3818:The Designers Republic
3768:Neue Slowenische Kunst
3691:Pattern and Decoration
3591:Institutional critique
3231:Abstract expressionism
2211:Latin American Baroque
2167:Colonial Asian Baroque
787:(806) which shows the
750:
738:
694:, precious stones and
628:architectural ciborium
585:
519:
403:
284:
206:culture with his own.
160:
124:sometimes called the "
108:
61:
3808:Artist-run initiative
3783:Young British Artists
3748:New European Painting
3684:Moscow Conceptualists
3606:Feminist art movement
3384:Ukrainian underground
3359:Gutai Art Association
2758:Ten American Painters
2262:Western influence in
1239:List of art movements
1014:Lasko, 64–65, 66–67;
744:
724:
616:Charles II (the Bald)
579:
513:
428:Harley Golden Gospels
398:
271:
239:interlaced decoration
147:
105:engraved rock crystal
98:
37:, early 9th century,
33:
3618:Saqqakhaneh movement
3511:Chicano art movement
3379:Soviet Nonconformist
3185:Boston Expressionism
3168:Abstraction-Création
2986:Arbeitsrat fĂĽr Kunst
2979:Cologne Progressives
2699:Art Nouveau in Milan
2502:Anglo-Japanese style
2478:National romanticism
1908:Fontainebleau School
1818:Northern Renaissance
1653:International Gothic
1149:Holcomb, M. (2009).
952:Codex Vaticanus 3868
769:Evangelist's symbols
530:was made for Bishop
440:Migration Period art
430:(800-820); and the
307:evangelist portraits
211:Byzantine Iconoclasm
196:Migration period art
169:Western Roman Empire
4153:Hierarchy of genres
3718:Saint Soleil School
3654:Post-conceptual art
3623:The Stars Art Group
3501:Black Arts Movement
3464:Neo-Dada Organizers
3265:Lyrical abstraction
2998:Australian tonalism
2671:California Tonalism
2343:Hudson River School
2146:Colonial Asian art
1886:English Renaissance
1835:Ghent–Bruges school
1823:Early Netherlandish
1735:Italian Renaissance
1648:Gothic art in Milan
1117:Ars Sacra, 800-1200
1016:picture of the dish
924:Theodoric the Great
796:Theodulf of Orléans
789:Ark of the Covenant
727:Ark of the Covenant
717:Mosaics and frescos
607:; the cover of the
463:Gospel book of Ebbo
376:Chronography of 354
335:historiated initial
281:Ascension of Christ
277:historiated initial
156:and the Baptism of
4195:Landscape painting
3803:New Leipzig School
3743:Neo-conceptual art
3491:Art & Language
3486:Capitalist realism
3408:Florida Highwaymen
3344:Hard-edge painting
3158:Streamline Moderne
3119:Harlem Renaissance
2962:Novecento Italiano
2790:Deutscher Werkbund
2617:Post-Impressionism
2179:Latin American art
1983:Guild of Romanists
1845:German Renaissance
1840:Northern Mannerism
1177:2014-10-06 at the
804:Seven liberal arts
751:
739:
613:Holy Roman Emperor
586:
536:Drogo Sacramentary
520:
489:St Martin of Tours
404:
339:Drogo Sacramentary
305:, often including
285:
273:Drogo Sacramentary
185:Holy Roman Emperor
161:
109:
62:
4285:
4284:
4067:
4066:
3923:Corporate Memphis
3876:Classical Realism
3846:Amazonian pop art
3738:Appropriation art
3706:Neo-expressionism
3576:Environmental art
3481:Nouvelle tendance
3198:
3197:
3146:Socialist realism
3003:Dresden Secession
2622:Neo-Impressionism
2585:Decadent movement
2556:Heidelberg School
2450:
2449:
2348:American luminism
2333:DĂĽsseldorf School
2328:Shoreham Ancients
2318:Nazarene movement
2308:Danish Golden Age
2189:Indochristian art
1867:Antwerp Mannerism
1756:Pittura infamante
1750:Florentine School
1745:Proto-Renaissance
1130:"Carolingian art"
1065:, 1993, Yale UP,
1047:Beckwith, John.
785:Germigny-des-Prés
731:Germigny-des-Prés
620:Saint-Denis Abbey
594:consular diptychs
590:treasure bindings
558:Abbey of St. Gall
442:(Merovingian and
343:treasure bindings
279:'C' contains the
107:, mid-9th century
16:(Redirected from
4330:
4275:
4274:
4259:Western painting
4205:Modern sculpture
4163:History painting
3866:Art intervention
3659:Installation art
3476:Nouveau réalisme
3216:
3190:Leningrad School
3082:Mexican muralism
3055:Grosvenor School
2795:American Realism
2778:Der Blaue Reiter
2736:Berlin Secession
2731:Vienna Secession
2726:Munich Secession
2644:Pont-Aven School
2463:
2313:Troubadour style
2291:(c. 1770 – 1862)
2258:Qing handicrafts
2224:Western elements
2155:Letras y figuras
2128:African-American
2123:African diaspora
2094:Directoire style
2005:Heptanese school
1988:Dutch Golden Age
1973:Stroganov School
1966:Lutheran Baroque
1961:Louis XIII style
1934:Baroque in Milan
1796:Bolognese School
1791:High Renaissance
1774:Forlivese School
1769:Ferrarese School
1492:Migration Period
1256:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1158:
1125:978-0-14056036-7
1106:Kitzinger, Ernst
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
985:
979:
978:Kitzinger, 40–42
976:
970:
967:
632:vessel for hosts
630:rather than the
562:Folchard Psalter
493:Charles the Bald
476:Bern Physiologus
424:Soissons Gospels
356:Bern Physiologus
352:purple parchment
215:Byzantine Empire
187:in Rome in 800.
165:Byzantine Empire
130:Ottonian dynasty
51:Aachen Cathedral
21:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4298:Carolingian art
4288:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4263:
4180:Interactive art
4063:
4037:SoFlo Superflat
3962:Kitsch movement
3886:Africanfuturism
3838:
3832:
3711:Transavantgarde
3642:
3596:Light and Space
3581:Performance art
3561:Psychedelic art
3444:Nueva Presencia
3434:Otra FiguraciĂłn
3422:
3354:Les Plasticiens
3339:New York School
3317:Action painting
3302:Metcalf Chateau
3211:
3206:
3194:
3114:Cercle et Carré
3050:New Objectivity
2957:Return to order
2899:School of Paris
2877:
2721:School of Paris
2682:
2568:Arts and Crafts
2473:Neo-romanticism
2458:
2446:
2442:Etching revival
2394:Barbizon school
2338:Pre-Raphaelites
2290:
2287:
2280:
2223:
2217:
2110:
2084:Louis XVI style
2026:
2015:Louis XIV style
1978:Animal painting
1939:Flemish Baroque
1917:
1828:World landscape
1779:Venetian School
1721:
1708:Majorcan school
1675:Novgorod School
1665:Lucchese School
1637:Opus Anglicanum
1629:Norman-Sicilian
1573:Italo-Byzantine
1473:Early Christian
1454:
1438:Pompeian Styles
1251:
1245:
1232:
1218:
1179:Wayback Machine
1172:Carolingian Art
1166:
1148:
1145:
1143:Further reading
1093:Carolingian Art
1061:Dodwell, C.R.;
1044:
1039:
1035:Beckwith, 13–17
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
986:
982:
977:
973:
968:
964:
960:
943:
895:
824:Louis the Pious
719:
703:Lothair Crystal
636:Munich Residenz
624:Arnulf Ciborium
574:
524:diocese of Metz
516:Utrecht Psalter
471:Utrecht Psalter
418:(778–820); the
414:(781–783); the
384:
365:Utrecht Psalter
361:Vatican Terence
291:
266:
254:Anglo-Saxon art
200:Early Christian
173:Ernst Kitzinger
142:
116:and eventually
101:Lothair Crystal
69:Frankish Empire
67:comes from the
65:Carolingian art
47:Palatine Chapel
39:church treasury
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4336:
4334:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4210:Late modernism
4207:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4158:Genre painting
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4106:Ballets Russes
4103:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4089:Asemic writing
4081:
4079:History of art
4075:
4073:
4072:Related topics
4069:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Relational art
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Hypermodernism
3927:
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3925:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3868:
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3676:
3671:
3669:Postminimalism
3666:
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3656:
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3648:
3644:
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3635:
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3625:
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3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3546:Generative art
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Conceptual art
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3413:Cybernetic art
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3401:Ultra-Lettrist
3398:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
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3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Arte Informale
3272:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3213:
3212:(1945–present)
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3141:Heroic realism
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3075:Latin American
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3045:Group of Seven
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3010:
3008:Social realism
3005:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:November Group
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2914:Latin American
2909:Constructivism
2906:
2904:Crystal Cubism
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
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2855:
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2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2614:
2609:
2607:Volcano School
2604:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2559:
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2415:
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2413:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2396:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2362:Norwich School
2359:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2303:Fairy painting
2294:
2292:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
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2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Chilote School
2186:
2184:Casta painting
2176:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:Tipos del PaĂs
2157:
2144:
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2140:
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2101:
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2069:
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2067:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:Louis XV style
2045:
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2028:
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1883:
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1859:
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1852:
1850:Cologne School
1842:
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1710:
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1703:Italian school
1694:
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1688:
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1685:Sienese School
1677:
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1667:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
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1633:
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1621:
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1595:Pre-Romanesque
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1565:
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1524:Donor portrait
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1433:Julio-Claudian
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1400:
1395:
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1382:Greco-Buddhist
1374:
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1322:Protogeometric
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1164:External links
1162:
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1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1127:
1115:Lasko, Peter,
1113:
1103:
1091:Hinks, Roger.
1089:
1073:
1059:
1043:
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1038:
1037:
1028:
1026:Dodwell, p. 45
1019:
1007:
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961:
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954:
949:
942:
939:
912:Lateran Palace
894:
891:
735:Libri Carolini
725:Mosaic of the
718:
715:
634:), now in the
605:Lindau Gospels
598:Lorsch Gospels
573:
570:
566:Golden Psalter
564:(872) and the
451:Ebbo of Rheims
416:Lorsch Gospels
400:Lorsch Gospels
383:
380:
372:sacramentaries
265:
262:
219:Libri Carolini
141:
138:
126:Pre-Romanesque
114:Romanesque art
35:Aachen Gospels
26:
24:
14:
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4143:Fantastic art
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4113:
4112:
4111:Christian art
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4012:Skeuomorphism
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3972:Massurrealism
3970:
3968:
3967:Lightpainting
3965:
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3958:
3955:
3951:
3950:Post-Internet
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3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Grunge design
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Retrofuturism
3776:
3774:
3773:Scratch video
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Memphis Group
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3733:Telematic art
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:Guerrilla art
3721:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Endurance art
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:New media art
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:Nanyang Style
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:Visionary art
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Scuola Romana
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Anthropophagy
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:Functionalism
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:Neoplasticism
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2841:Cubo-Futurism
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:Ashcan School
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:Expressionism
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Mir iskusstva
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2539:Boston School
2537:
2535:
2534:Hoosier Group
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:Impressionism
2522:
2520:
2519:Peredvizhniki
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Beuron School
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:Munich School
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:Art borrowing
2220:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:Company style
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:Neoclassicism
2070:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Cretan School
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:Danube school
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1332:Orientalizing
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Sub-Mycenaean
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:art movements
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:Ross, Nancy,
1168:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:0-472-06071-6
1098:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:0-684-18276-9
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1071:0-300-06493-4
1068:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:0-500-20019-X
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
940:
938:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
901:
900:
892:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
763:installed in
762:
758:
756:
748:
743:
736:
732:
728:
723:
716:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:
670:
668:
664:
660:
659:palace chapel
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:(a miniature
625:
621:
617:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
583:
578:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
547:
545:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
517:
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
495:, called the
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
467:Rheims school
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
397:
393:
390:
381:
379:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:New Testament
324:
321:, especially
320:
319:Old Testament
316:
312:
309:, and lavish
308:
304:
300:
296:
290:
282:
278:
274:
270:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
231:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
159:
155:
151:
146:
139:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:
102:
97:
93:
91:
87:
86:Low Countries
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
4303:Medieval art
4253:Trompe-l'Ĺ“il
4251:
4222:Outsider art
4175:Illustration
4131:Lutheran art
4121:Catholic art
4084:Abstract art
4054:Unilalianism
4017:Software art
3992:Neosymbolism
3982:Neo-futurism
3945:Internet art
3935:Hyperrealism
3788:Superfiction
3571:Photorealism
3439:Afrofuturism
3204:Contemporary
3180:Dimensionism
3163:Concrete art
3096:
3092:Precisionism
2942:
2889:Sosaku-hanga
2863:Productivism
2853:Metaphysical
2823:
2812:Proto-Cubism
2716:Secessionism
2678:Costumbrismo
2563:Aestheticism
2514:Hague School
2494:
2418:Academic art
2399:Costumbrismo
2367:Empire style
2204:Quito School
2199:Cusco School
2115:Colonial art
2076:
2064:FĂŞte galante
2062:
2031:18th century
1993:Delft School
1944:Caravaggisti
1922:17th century
1807:
1764:Quattrocento
1754:
1712:
1635:
1589:
1538:
1468:Late antique
1352:Severe style
1342:Black-figure
1229:Contemporary
1184:Smarthistory
1170:
1154:
1151:
1133:
1116:
1109:
1092:
1076:
1062:
1048:
1031:
1022:
1010:
1005:Lasko, 60–68
1001:
992:
983:
974:
969:Kitzinger, 8
965:
928:
905:
897:
896:
836:
820:Liberal Arts
808:Four Seasons
793:
759:
755:inscriptions
752:
749:(around 790)
707:rock crystal
700:
673:
671:
652:
646:dish in the
602:
587:
560:created the
555:
548:
544:Franco-Saxon
540:
528:sacramentary
521:
497:Vivian Bible
486:
474:
469:include the
448:
407:
405:
385:
369:
311:canon tables
299:Gospel books
292:
275:, c. 850: a
250:Ottonian art
243:
227:
208:
191:
189:
162:
134:Ottonian art
122:medieval art
110:
64:
63:
4138:Digital art
4101:Avant-garde
4042:Superstroke
3918:Flat design
3913:Fictive art
3908:Excessivism
3856:Art for art
3851:Altermodern
3793:Taring Padi
3728:Lowbrow art
3696:Pliontanism
3633:Yoru no Kai
3586:Process art
3526:Systems art
3496:Arte Povera
3418:Antipodeans
3327:in New York
3297:Jikken KĹŤbĹŤ
3260:Color field
3129:Regionalism
3098:Aeropittura
3087:Neo-Fauvism
3060:Neues Sehen
3030:Kinetic art
2894:Suprematism
2868:Synchromism
2785:Noucentisme
2706:Primitivism
2694:Art Nouveau
2649:Cloisonnism
2639:Pointillism
2634:Divisionism
2612:Incoherents
2573:Art pottery
2459:(1863–1944)
2409:Macchiaioli
2384:Biedermeier
2372:Historicism
2357:Orientalism
2298:Romanticism
2269:Akita ranga
2121:Art of the
2106:Picturesque
2058:Chinoiserie
2053:Frederician
1891:Tudor court
1786:Cinquecento
1727:Renaissance
1714:Mappa mundi
1698:cartography
1590:Carolingian
1585:Merovingian
1568:Palaeologan
1540:RepoblaciĂłn
1497:Anglo-Saxon
1428:Gallo-Roman
1367:Hellenistic
1362:Kerch style
1300:Minyan ware
1159:(see index)
996:Dodwell, 52
935:iconography
931:carved gems
916:Constantine
832:typological
812:Mappa Mundi
534:called the
481:allegorical
455:Hautvillers
420:Ada Gospels
315:Insular art
235:Insular art
181:Charlemagne
90:Insular art
81:monasteries
73:Charlemagne
43:Charlemagne
4313:French art
4308:German art
4292:Categories
4185:Jewish art
3997:Passionism
3957:iPhone art
3903:Cyborg art
3898:Crypto art
3871:Brandalism
3763:Cyberdelic
3628:Tropicália
3601:Street art
3556:Intermedia
3536:Minimalism
3255:Spatialism
3209:Postmodern
3065:Surrealism
2933:Shin-hanga
2773:Die BrĂĽcke
2741:Sonderbund
2654:Synthetism
2377:Revivalism
2286:Transition
2243:Manichaean
2089:Adam style
2010:Classicism
1949:in Utrecht
1877:Still life
1607:Romanesque
1563:Macedonian
1558:Iconoclast
1517:Visigothic
1423:Republican
1377:Indo-Greek
1347:Red-figure
1042:References
810:, and the
773:Apocalypse
644:serpentine
408:Ada School
303:miniatures
287:See also:
154:Saint Remy
118:Gothic art
4247:Shock art
4237:Queer art
4217:NaĂŻve art
4200:Modernism
4032:Superflat
4022:Sound art
4002:Post-YBAs
3987:Neomodern
3828:Verdadism
3798:Superflat
3647:1970–1999
3611:in the US
3531:Video art
3454:Happening
3427:1960–1969
3219:1945–1959
2882:1915–1944
2873:Vorticism
2825:A Nyolcak
2687:1900–1914
2659:Les Nabis
2590:Symbolism
2546:Amsterdam
2496:Japonisme
2466:1863–1899
2428:in Greece
2288:to modern
2133:Caribbean
2078:Goût grec
2000:Capriccio
1954:Tenebrism
1903:Turquerie
1801:Mannerism
1696:Medieval
1553:Byzantine
1534:Mozarabic
1485:Ethiopian
1389:Neo-Attic
1372:"Baroque"
1357:Classical
1327:Geometric
1305:Mycenaean
1252:(Western)
1250:Premodern
1221:Premodern
1186:, undated
828:Ingelheim
678:, in the
514:From the
389:Rheimsian
204:Byzantine
192:renovatio
4277:Category
4227:Portrait
4148:Folk art
4096:Anti-art
4027:Stuckism
3940:Idea art
3861:Art game
3813:Artivism
3701:Punk art
3679:Sots Art
3664:Artscene
3521:Land art
3459:Neo-Dada
3391:Lettrism
3285:Nuagisme
3270:Tachisme
3151:Nazi art
2944:De Stijl
2858:Rayonism
2848:Art Deco
2836:Futurism
2627:Luminism
2595:Romanian
2580:Tonalism
2551:Canadian
2529:American
2435:Neo-Grec
2043:Rocaille
1872:Romanism
1806:Counter-
1740:Trecento
1680:Duecento
1670:Crusades
1602:Ottonian
1580:Frankish
1460:Medieval
1443:Trajanic
1403:Scythian
1398:Etruscan
1290:Cycladic
1268:Thracian
1175:Archived
941:See also
929:Antique
879:Cividale
692:filigree
688:repoussé
675:paliotto
640:repoussé
223:idolatry
140:Overview
4242:Realism
3839:present
3566:Nut Art
3369:Pop art
3307:Mono-ha
3175:The Ten
3124:Kapists
3070:Iranian
3023:Bauhaus
2817:Orphism
2763:Fauvism
2600:Russian
2490:Nihonga
2404:Verismo
2389:Realism
2323:Purismo
2236:Moorish
2231:Islamic
2138:Haitian
1929:Baroque
1808:Maniera
1692:Mudéjar
1617:Spanish
1529:Pictish
1512:Lombard
1507:Insular
1448:Severan
1413:Gaulish
1408:Iberian
1337:Archaic
1280:Nuragic
1260:Ancient
1243:periods
920:Ravenna
910:in the
883:Brescia
875:Naturns
867:MĂĽstair
851:Cologne
843:Coblenz
839:Auxerre
816:frescos
802:of the
800:frescos
781:oratory
779:of the
761:Mosaics
711:Suzanna
505:Normans
444:Insular
436:Ravenna
348:library
331:reliefs
323:Genesis
258:Vikings
59:Germany
4190:Kitsch
4049:Toyism
3541:Fluxus
3471:Op art
3040:Mingei
2974:Stupid
2952:Purism
2807:Cubism
2456:Modern
2248:Mughal
2038:Rococo
1643:Gothic
1624:Norman
1548:Viking
1502:Hunnic
1480:Coptic
1295:Minoan
1285:Aegean
1273:Dacian
1225:Modern
1138:Online
1123:
1099:
1085:
1069:
1055:
899:Spolia
893:Spolia
859:Corvey
847:Lorsch
806:, the
696:enamel
663:gilded
655:Aachen
648:Louvre
499:. The
459:Rheims
457:(near
426:; the
422:; the
363:. The
354:. The
158:Clovis
55:Aachen
49:, now
3837:2000–
3280:COBRA
2274:Uki-e
2264:Japan
2253:Qajar
1612:Mosan
1418:Roman
1312:Greek
1132:. In
958:Notes
887:Milan
863:Trier
855:Fulda
684:Milan
584:, 870
532:Drogo
501:Tours
453:, at
246:Cluny
150:Reims
4126:Icon
3449:ZERO
3207:and
3104:Asso
2928:Dada
2485:YĹŤga
1227:and
1121:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1053:ISBN
885:and
871:Mals
777:apse
701:The
522:The
202:and
177:Rome
99:The
826:at
783:at
682:in
45:'s
41:of
4294::
1223:,
1182:,
1108:,
1081:.
937:.
889:.
881:,
877:,
873:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
841:,
729:,
713:.
698:.
669:.
325:;
136:.
103:,
57:,
53:,
1241:/
1213:e
1206:t
1199:v
20:)
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