619:
851:, is credited with popularizing the game in the 1870s. At least one publication categorically states he invented the game as well. The first three-cushion billiards tournament took place 14–31 January 1878, in St. Louis, with McCreery a participant and Leon Magnus the winner. The high run for the tournament was just 6 points, and the high average a 0.75. The game was infrequently played, with many top carom players of the era voicing their dislike of it, until the 1907 introduction of the Lambert Trophy. By 1924, three-cushion had become so popular that two giants in other billiard disciplines agreed to take up the game especially for a challenge match. On 22 September 1924,
36:
429:, which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner, and generally makes a table play faster. An electrically heated table is required under international tournament rules 'in order to ensure the best possible rolling', although temperatures are not specified. It is an especially important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards, and even local billiard halls often have this feature in countries where carom games are popular.
630:
2493:
902:
457:
196:
957:
723:
520:. The dominant material from 1627 until the early- to mid-20th century was ivory. The quest for an alternative to ivory was primarily driven by economic considerations and concerns for the safety of elephant hunters, rather than environmental or animal-welfare issues. The impetus for this search was, in part, the announcement by New York billiard table manufacturer
1787:
769:
For the most part, the differences between one balkline game to another is defined by two measures: the spacing of the balklines and the number of points that are allowed in each balk space before at least one ball must leave the region. Generally, balkline games and their particular restrictions are
730:
In 1879, a variant called the "champion's game" or "limited-rail" was introduced with the specific intent of frustrating the rail nurse. The game employed diagonal lines at the table's corners to regions where counts were restricted. Ultimately, however, despite its divergence from straight rail, the
480:
In most carom billiards games, the set of three standard balls includes a white cue ball, a second cue ball in yellow, and a third object ball in red. Historically, the second cue ball was white with red or black spots to differentiate it; both types of ball sets are permitted in tournament play. The
920:
Each shot in an artistic billiards match is played from a well-defined position (in some venues within an exacting two millimeter tolerance), and each shot must unfold in an established manner. Players are allowed three attempts at each shot. In general, the shots making up the game, even 4-point
800:
One-cushion carom, or simply cushion carom, also arose in the late 1860s as another alternative to the repetitive play of straight rail, inspired by an early variant of
English billiards. The object of the game is to score cushion caroms, meaning a carom off of both object balls with at least one
745:
Balkline succeeded the champion's game, adding more rules to curb nursing techniques. In the balkline games, the entire table is divided into rectangular balk spaces, by drawing pairs of balklines lengthwise and widthwise across the table parallel from each rail. This divides the table into nine
592:
diameter as compared with pool cues. Typical carom cues are 140–140 cm (54–56 in) in length and 470–520 g (16.5–18.5 oz) in weight – lighter for straight rail, heavier for three-cushion – with a tip 11–12 mm (0.43–0.47 in) in diameter. These dimensions make the cue
656:
Straight rail is thought to date to the 18th century, although no exact time of origin is known. The object of straight rail is simple: one point, called a "count", is scored each time a player's cue ball makes contact with both object balls (the second cue ball and the third ball) on a single
916:
In artistic billiards players compete at performing 76 preset shots of varying difficulty. Each set shot has a maximum point value assigned for perfect execution, ranging from a 4-point minimum for lowest level difficulty shots, and climbing to an 11-point maximum for shots deemed highest in
694:, involves the progressive nudging of the object balls down a rail, ideally moving them only a small amount on each count, keeping them close together and positioned at the end of each stroke in the same or near the same configuration such that the nurse can be replicated again and again.
770:
given numerical names indicating both of these characteristics; the first number indicated either inches or centimeters depending on the game, and the second, after a dot or a slash, indicates the count restriction in balk spaces, which is always either one or two. For example, in
886:
Three-cushion billiards retains great popularity in parts of Europe, Asia, and Latin
America, and is the most popular carom billiards game played in the US today. UMB, as the governing body of the sport, had been staging world three-cushion championships since the late 1920s.
676:—vastly increasing counts, resulted in an 1862 rule which allowed only three counts before at least one ball had to be driven away. Techniques continued to develop which increased counts greatly despite the crotching prohibition, especially the development of a variety of "
481:
balls are significantly larger and heavier than their pool or snooker counterparts, with a diameter of 61 to 61.5 millimetres (2.40 to 2.42 in), and a weight ranging between 205 and 220 grams (7.2 and 7.8 oz) with a typical weight of 210 g (7.5 oz).
2024:
609:
is employed, and its effects are magnified by speed. In some carom games, deflection plays a large role because many shots require extremes of side-spin, coupled with great speed; this is a combination typically minimized as much as possible, by contrast, in pool.
292:
Carom billiards is popular in Europe, particularly France, where it originated. It is also popular in Asian countries, including Japan, the
Philippines, South Korea, and Vietnam, but is now considered obscure in North America, having been supplanted by
179:
774:, one of the more prominent balkline games and of US origin, the name indicates that balklines are drawn 18 inches distant from each rail, and only two counts are allowed in a balk space before a ball must leave. By contrast, in
313:, which simply means any strike and rebound, was in use in reference to billiards by at least 1779, sometimes spelled "carrom". Sources differ on the origin. It has been pegged variously as a shortening of the
781:
In its various incarnations, balkline was the predominant carom discipline from 1883 to the 1930s, when it was overtaken by three-cushion billiards and pool. Balkline is still popular in Europe and the
437:
tubes, although the aim at that time was chiefly to keep the then-used ivory balls from warping. The first use of electric heating was for an 18.2 balkline tournament held in
December 1927 between
697:
Straight rail is still popular in Europe, where it is considered a fine practice game for both balkline and three-cushion billiards. Additionally, Europe hosts professional competitions known as
601:(sometimes called "squirt"), which is displacement of the cue ball's path away from the parallel line formed by the cue stick's direction of travel. It is a factor that occurs every time
182:
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187:
528:
in 1868. However, while celluloid was a viable substitute, it proved to be volatile and highly flammable, with instances of explosions occurring during its manufacturing process.
2447:
536:
Carom billiard cues have specialized refinements making them different from cues used in other cue sports. Carom cues tend to be shorter and lighter overall, with a shorter
184:
2440:
266:
on a single shot. The invention as well as the exact date of origin of carom billiards is somewhat obscure but is thought to be traceable to 18th-century France.
735:
618:
269:
There is a large array of carom billiards disciplines. Some of the more prevalent today and historically are (chronologically by apparent date of development):
766:, which developed to stop a number of nursing techniques that exploited the fact that if the object balls straddled a balkline, no count limit was in place.
2310:
2288:
731:
champion's game simply expanded the dimensions of the balk space defined under the existing crotch prohibition which was not sufficient to stop nursing.
524:
offering a $ 10,000 prize for the development of a substitute material. The initial successful alternative came in the form of celluloid, invented by
1448:
1818:
2425:
1154:
Derivation unknown. As the word is in identical in form with prec, suggestions as to their identity have been made, but without any evidence.
448:
announced it with fanfare: "For the first time in the history of world's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used ..."
1242:
2533:
2315:
2300:
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1147:
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1886:
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Straight rail, balkline and one-cushion; or balkline, one-cushion, and three-cushion; the latter format is used in the ANAG Billiard Cup
2337:
701:
in which straight rail is featured as one of five billiards disciplines at which players compete, the other four being 47.1 balkline,
399:
The billiard table used for carom billiards is a pocketless version and is typically 3.0 by 1.5 metres (10 ft × 5 ft).
183:
1286:
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2332:
1721:
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1432:
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1738:
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10, 15–17, 26, 41–42, 46, 53, 72<--Probably 79 in 1999 ver.-->, 82, 86–87, 92, 104, 115, 157–158, 196, 229, 232–233, 244–245
2478:
2327:
2305:
778:, of French invention, lines are drawn 71 centimeters distant from each rail, also with a two-count restriction for balk spaces.
35:
2435:
2322:
1323:. Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium. 1 January 1989. Chapter II ("Equipment"), Article 12 ("Balls, Chalk"), Section 2. Archived from
2407:
2402:
928:
balls. However, this requirement was dropped in 1990. The highest score ever achieved in competition overall is 427 set by
593:
significantly stiffer, which aids in handling the larger and heavier balls used in carom billiards. It also acts to reduce
2380:
2359:
1824:
1386:
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1311:
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1791:
634:
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rail cushion being struck before the hit on the second object ball. One-cushion carom is still popular in Europe.
2430:
1928:
1636:
1319:
1212:
1174:
521:
298:
59:
1697:
2523:
2253:
1845:
1664:
359:, as the fruit bears no resemblance to a billiard ball, and there is no direct evidence for such a derivation.
1216:. Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium. 1 January 1989. Chapter II ("Equipment"), Article 11, Section 9. Archived from
1178:. Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium. 1 January 1989. Chapter II ("Equipment"), Article 11, Section 4. Archived from
476:, and one dotted white cue ball (replaced in modern three-cushion billiards by a yellow ball) for the opponent
708:
Straight rail was played professionally in the United States from 1873 to 1879, but is uncommon there today.
2041:
1135:
810:
734:
282:
1764:
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At straight rail's inception there was no restriction on the manner of scoring. However, the technique of
484:
Billiard balls have been made from many different materials throughout the history of the game, including
414:, which provides a very fast surface allowing the balls to travel with little resistance across the table
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2223:
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54:
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are within that region. Additionally, rectangles are drawn where each balkline meets a rail, called
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2463:
2080:
1838:
1350:
848:
341:, in turn, was derived from a yellow-to-orange, tropical Asian fruit also known in Portuguese as a
318:
2354:
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1416:
1355:
896:
844:
442:
286:
929:
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2149:
2130:
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1963:
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1640:
1596:
1517:
1492:
1456:
1449:"BILLIARDS UNDER NEW RULES.; A TOURNAMENT IN WHICH RAIL PLAY WILL BE RESTRICTED-THE PROGRAMME"
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1143:
1059:
921:
shots, require a high degree of skill, devoted practice and specialized knowledge to perform.
525:
294:
1488:
1482:
425:
The slate bed of a carom billiard table is often heated to about 5 °C (9 °F) above
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2197:
2120:
1968:
1958:
513:
426:
352:
314:
169:
96:
1275:
2156:
2109:
1998:
1973:
1953:
1725:
933:
860:
326:
1718:
815:
In three-cushion carom, the object is to carom off both object balls with at least three
2228:
1943:
1742:
1421:
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702:
505:
438:
430:
356:
229:
124:
41:
456:
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2238:
2233:
2187:
2061:
1983:
1902:
1739:"Walter Bax vestigt nieuw Wereldrecord ("Walter Bax establishes a New World Record")"
864:
651:
270:
154:
142:
138:
120:
45:
2115:
1993:
1566:
960:
852:
411:
334:
301:(UMB) is the highest international governing body of competitive carom billiards.
195:
2349:
2172:
1948:
1933:
945:
830:
being contacted before the contact of the cue ball with the second object ball.
757:
463:
261:
164:
956:
688:
596:
2140:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1988:
1978:
1938:
1915:
1879:
1861:
1574:
936:, beating his own previous record of 425. The game is played predominantly in
754:
in which a player may only score up to a threshold number of points while the
218:
202:
by
Januarius Zick, c. 1776, featuring billiards among other parlour activities
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471:
253:
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343:
128:
110:
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1324:
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1179:
836:
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571:
381:
224:
1786:
1285:. Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium: Union Mondiale de Billard. 1 January 1989.
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373:
244:
235:
2182:
2055:
1909:
856:
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783:
739:
717:
547:
501:
278:
1809:
Kozoom.com: Online Carom
Billiard Magazine live streaming all UMB events
1080:
981:
Straight rail, balkline (47.2 and 71.2), one-cushion, and three-cushion.
917:
difficulty level. There is a total of 500 points available to a player.
883:. Hoppe was the eventual winner with a final score in of 600–527.
841:
is professional-level play, and averaging 1.5 to 2 is world-class play.
749:
637:'s Billiard Saloon located at the corner of 10th Street and Broadway in
563:
417:
2102:
941:
407:
924:
World title competition first started in 1986 and required the use of
2192:
1701:
20:
370:
means 'successive collision', currently used mainly in reference to
955:
925:
733:
628:
617:
517:
493:
455:
403:
194:
177:
672:, or freezing two balls into the corner where the rails meet—the
665:. A win is achieved by reaching an agreed upon number of counts.
833:
Three-cushion is a very difficult game. Averaging one point per
489:
485:
434:
1834:
859:
champion (who later took up three-cushion with a passion), and
1830:
1394:
746:
rectangular balkspaces. Such balk spaces define areas of the
1797:
1243:"To Heat Table for First Time In World Title Billiard Match"
738:
Cigarette card, c. 1911, showing George Sutton playing
355:
of India), also known as star fruit. But this may simply be
1516:. Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier Incorporated. p. 746.
1340:
The cited document has a "cm" for "mm" typographical error.
347:(which was a corruption of the original name of the fruit,
232:. In its simplest form, the object of the game is to score
460:
A set of standard carom billiard balls, comprising a red
386:
shots in billiards, and to multiple-vehicle car crashes.
16:
Billiards games played on cloth-covered pocketless tables
1484:
The
Everything You Want to Know About Sport Encyclopedia
433:(1819–1901) had a billiard table that was heated using
402:
Most cloth made for carom billiard tables is a type of
333:, which are used to describe the red object ball. Some
2506:
are standardized by international sanctioning bodies.
1814:
Animation showing the "rail nurse" with a description
1741:(in Dutch). biljartteam TOERIST - ARO. Archived from
1625:. New York / London: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 117.
2448:
2456:
2418:
2368:
2262:
2211:
2139:
2094:
2031:
1868:
867:title holder, played a well advertised, multi-day,
406:that is typically dyed green and is made from 100%
163:
153:
148:
134:
116:
105:
95:
87:
79:
74:
66:
52:
1538:
1420:
576:wood-to-wood joint. They have a sharply conical
684:" techniques. The most important of these, the
2441:International Billiards and Snooker Federation
705:, 71.2 balkline, and three-cushion billiards.
1846:
1423:The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
1393:. Medford, Oregon: Kilby Cues. Archived from
8:
496:, plastics (including early formulations of
364:
101:Yes, sometimes in separate leagues/divisions
28:
932:on 12 March 2006, at a competition held in
1853:
1839:
1831:
1713:
1711:
1540:"Sports of the Times; Reg. U. S. Pat. Off"
1054:. New York: Lyons & Burford. pp.
217:, is the overarching title of a family of
27:
1827:simulates cue ball path on billiard table
1800:— world tournament sanctioning body
1051:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
258:off both the opponent's cue ball and the
967:includes a depiction of French billiards
900:
721:
2426:World Confederation of Billiards Sports
1698:"List of UMB World 3-cushion Champions"
1645:. New York: Trow Directory. p. 333
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
991:
19:Not to be confused with the board game
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
2274:Artistic Billiards World Championship
726:Balkline table with standard markings
7:
2279:UMB World Three-cushion Championship
221:generally played on cloth-covered,
2301:World Women's Snooker Championship
1825:Billiard Diamond System Calculator
1134:(2nd (CD-ROM ver. 3.1) ed.).
504:, and crystalate, and more modern
191:Video of a game of carom billiards
91:Single opponents, doubles or teams
14:
2333:WPA World Eight-ball Championship
1571:Hoyle's Games – Autograph Edition
1487:. Toronto: Bantam Books. p.
1292:from the original on 5 March 2016
2491:
2328:World Straight Pool Championship
2306:WPA World Nine-ball Championship
2022:
1785:
1537:Kieran, John (7 December 1937).
34:
2436:World Pool-Billiard Association
2323:WPA World Ten-ball Championship
1312:"World Rules of Carom Billiard"
1205:"World Rules of Carom Billiard"
1167:"World Rules of Carom Billiard"
1276:"World Rules of Carom Billard"
1:
2360:Cue sports at the World Games
1821:USBA 3-Cushion Billiard Rules
1819:USBA 3-Cushion Billiard Rules
1665:"Magnus Plays Poor Billiards"
1437:– via Internet Archive.
1385:Kilby, Ronald (23 May 2009).
2534:Sports originating in France
1728:. Retrieved 30 November 2006
1130:Benbow, T. J., ed. (2007) .
1048:Shamos, Michael Ian (1993).
568:(in high-end examples), and
2388:European Pool Championships
1623:The Print of My Remembrance
362:In modern French, the word
2552:
2296:Six-red World Championship
2284:World Snooker Championship
1804:Archival Billiard Resource
1514:The Encyclopedia Americana
1512:Grolier Inc., ed. (1998).
894:
808:
793:
715:
649:
172: – present
18:
2487:
2431:Union Mondiale de Billard
2020:
1798:Union Mondiale de Billard
1719:What's Artistic Billiard?
1653:– via Google Books.
1637:Brunswick-Balke-Collender
1621:Thomas, Augustus (1922).
1427:. New York: Lyons Press.
1320:Union Mondiale de Billard
1213:Union Mondiale de Billard
1175:Union Mondiale de Billard
1132:Oxford English Dictionary
633:Historic print depicting
522:Brunswick-Balke-Collender
299:Union Mondiale de Billard
60:Union Mondiale de Billard
33:
2254:Comparison of cue sports
1724:20 February 2007 at the
1481:Neil Cohen, ed. (1994).
1387:"So What's a Carom Cue?"
1283:World Organization Rules
940:, especially in France,
625:playing billiards (1694)
1717:Martin Škrášek (2000).
1589:"BILLIARD PLAYERS BUSY"
1136:Oxford University Press
952:Competition disciplines
811:Three-cushion billiards
2502:The rules of games in
1769:www.anagbilliardcup.cz
1569:; et al. (1907).
968:
913:
742:
727:
642:
626:
477:
365:
203:
192:
2498:Cue sports portal
1595:. 21 September 1902.
1359:. 16 September 1875.
1106:"Definition of carom"
959:
904:
796:One-cushion billiards
737:
725:
632:
621:
459:
198:
190:
2168:Danish pin billiards
1794:at Wikimedia Commons
1577:Company. p. 41.
1455:. 10 November 1879.
1330:on 28 September 2007
1249:. 16 December 1927.
1223:on 28 September 2007
1185:on 28 September 2007
337:have suggested that
1704:on 4 February 2009.
965:Night Café at Arles
849:St. Louis, Missouri
297:in popularity. The
215:carambole billiards
70:18th century France
55:governing body
30:
2355:World Pool Masters
2075:Artistic billiards
1887:British eight-ball
1745:on 27 October 2006
1671:. 6 January 1911.
1669:The New York Times
1593:The New York Times
1545:The New York Times
1453:The New York Times
1356:The New York Times
1247:The New York Times
1110:www.dictionary.com
1085:www.etymonline.com
969:
914:
897:Artistic billiards
891:Artistic billiards
845:Wayman C. McCreery
743:
728:
643:
627:
478:
468:, one plain white
446:The New York Times
443:Jacob Schaefer Jr.
287:artistic billiards
204:
193:
2511:
2510:
2345:World Cup of Pool
2150:English billiards
2126:Brazilian snooker
1790:Media related to
1765:"News and Events"
1351:"Explosive Teeth"
1149:978-0-19-522217-3
963:'s 1888 painting
560:, a wooden joint
526:John Wesley Hyatt
188:
176:
175:
2541:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2419:Governing bodies
2198:Ground billiards
2121:American snooker
2026:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1789:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1700:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1642:Modern Billiards
1639:Company (1909).
1633:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1585:
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1190:
1184:
1171:
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1156:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1102:
1096:
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1093:
1091:
1079:Douglas Harper.
1076:
1070:
1069:
1045:
880:
872:
838:
827:
820:
759:
751:
690:
681:
662:
641:, 1 January 1859
614:History of games
606:
598:
589:
584:, and a smaller
581:
573:
565:
557:
549:
541:
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1138:. "carambole,
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2479:Competitions
2369:Other events
2155:
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2116:Snooker plus
2108:
2101:
2073:
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2040:
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1994:Pyramid pool
1964:Fifteen-ball
1916:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1878:
1768:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:the original
1733:
1702:the original
1692:
1680:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1641:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1592:
1583:
1573:. New York:
1570:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1547:. p. 35
1544:
1532:
1513:
1507:
1483:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1422:
1417:Shamos, Mike
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1395:the original
1390:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1332:. Retrieved
1325:the original
1318:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1282:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1211:
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1180:the original
1173:
1161:
1153:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1074:
1050:
978:
972:
964:
961:Paul Gauguin
923:
919:
915:
912:around a pin
907:
885:
853:Willie Hoppe
843:
832:
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535:
516:), and even
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335:etymologists
330:
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199:
88:Team members
67:First played
25:
2350:Mosconi Cup
2267:tournaments
2173:Bumper pool
2141:Other games
2049:One-cushion
1949:Cowboy pool
1934:Bottle pool
1682:23 February
1606:23 February
1466:23 February
1401:20 November
1370:23 February
1260:23 February
1115:30 December
1090:30 December
979:Pentathlon:
946:Netherlands
790:One-cushion
699:pentathlons
464:object ball
366:carambolage
275:one-cushion
262:object ball
165:World Games
2529:Cue sports
2518:Categories
2464:Cue sports
2457:Categories
2224:Techniques
2014:Three-ball
2009:Speed pool
2004:Seven-ball
1989:One-pocket
1979:Kelly pool
1939:Bowlliards
1880:Eight-ball
1862:Cue sports
1749:7 November
1575:A. L. Burt
986:References
973:Triathlon:
930:Walter Bax
689:rail nurse
597:deflection
572:collarless
319:Portuguese
250:one's own
225:pocketless
219:cue sports
2393:U.S. Open
2376:Euro Tour
2338:champions
2316:champions
2289:champions
2244:Cue stick
2212:Resources
2178:Bagatelle
2131:Shoot Out
2086:Goriziana
2081:Four-ball
2068:Five-pins
1959:Cutthroat
1924:Bank pool
1896:Nine-ball
1677:0362-4331
1601:0362-4331
1461:0362-4331
1365:0362-4331
1255:0362-4331
670:crotching
639:Manhattan
623:Louis XIV
510:polyester
498:celluloid
390:Equipment
344:carambola
339:carambola
331:carambole
325:, or the
323:carambola
309:The word
305:Etymology
129:cue stick
117:Equipment
111:cue sport
97:Mixed-sex
2219:Glossary
2183:Boccette
2056:Balkline
1999:Rotation
1974:Honolulu
1954:Cribbage
1929:Baseball
1910:Ten-ball
1722:Archived
1419:(1999).
1287:Archived
944:and the
857:balkline
826:cushions
784:Far East
740:balkline
718:Balkline
712:Balkline
502:Bakelite
472:cue ball
349:karambal
279:balkline
254:cue ball
245:caroming
149:Presence
141:or home
53:Highest
40:A carom
2504:italics
2469:Players
2311:Women's
2103:Snooker
2095:Snooker
1944:Chicago
1334:5 March
1296:18 June
1227:5 March
1189:5 March
1081:"Carom"
942:Belgium
875:to 600
605:english
540:ferrule
514:acrylic
408:worsted
351:in the
315:Spanish
155:Olympic
80:Contact
2408:9-Ball
2403:8-Ball
2381:events
2193:Novuss
1984:Killer
1675:
1649:27 May
1599:
1520:
1495:
1459:
1431:
1363:
1253:
1146:
1062:
879:points
837:inning
674:crotch
661:stroke
382:cannon
327:French
236:points
21:carrom
2263:Major
2203:Slosh
2163:Kaisa
1872:games
1551:4 May
1328:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
1221:(PDF)
1208:(PDF)
1183:(PDF)
1170:(PDF)
926:ivory
908:massé
871:match
680:nurse
580:taper
556:joint
518:steel
494:ivory
452:Balls
404:baize
395:Table
374:carom
329:word
321:word
311:carom
135:Venue
62:(UMB)
2249:Rack
1969:Golf
1870:Pool
1751:2008
1684:2023
1673:ISSN
1651:2009
1608:2023
1597:ISSN
1553:2010
1518:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1468:2023
1457:ISSN
1429:ISBN
1403:2009
1372:2023
1361:ISSN
1336:2007
1298:2021
1262:2023
1251:ISSN
1229:2007
1191:2007
1144:ISBN
1117:2006
1092:2006
1060:ISBN
910:shot
819:rail
552:and
548:butt
532:Cues
512:and
490:wood
486:clay
441:and
435:zinc
317:and
295:pool
285:and
170:2001
106:Type
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847:of
588:tip
564:pin
418:bed
412:nap
378:or
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273:,
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123:,
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