479:, an Icelandic right-wing newspaper, during the years 2004–2007. In his articles, Ólafur Teitur had expressed doubts that climate change was caused by human actions and maintained that media coverage of environmental affairs was fearmongering. Ólafur Teitur replied with a Facebook post, stating that his former position was wrong and he had changed his mind since then: "I would find it burdensome if my earlier views would cast aspersions to the great work done by my colleagues at Carbfix since 2007." In a follow-up piece, Mannlíf claimed that Ólafur Teitur's columns had all the characteristics of
492:
447:
workflow where preventive steps are taken to minimize this risk, including the adjustment of the injection rates. The implementation of the workflow resulted in the decrease of the annual number of seismic events greater than magnitude 2 in the area from 96 in 2011 to one in 2018, which is considered satisfactory and demonstrates that current operations are within regulatory boundaries.
210:
676:
The Coda
Terminal will be developed in Straumsvík, SW-Iceland as the first cross-border carbon transport and storage hub in Iceland. CO₂ will be captured at industrial sites in N-Europe, focusing on the hard-to-abate sector, and shipped to the Terminal where it will be unloaded into onshore tanks for
1111:
Matter, Juerg M.; Stute, Martin; Snæbjörnsdottir, Sandra O.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Gislason, Sigurdur R.; Aradottir, Edda S.; Sigfusson, Bergur; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Sigurdardottir, Holmfridur; Gunlaugsson, Einar; Axelsson, Gudni; Alfredsson, Helgi A.; Wolff-Boenisch, Domenik; Mesfin, Kiflom; Fernandez de
736:
Matter, Juerg M.; Stute, Martin; Snæbjörnsdottir, Sandra Ó.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Gislason, Sigurdur R.; Aradottir, Edda S.; Sigfusson, Bergur; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Sigurdardottir, Holmfridur; Gunnlaugsson, Einar; Axelsson, Gudni; Alfredsson, Helgi A.; Wolff-Boenisch, Domenik; Mesfin, Kiflom; Taya, Diana
600:
S from the
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant in SW-Iceland as a part of the Europe Horizon 2020 funded GECO project. The same approach is used as at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant, but with optimized capturing efficiency of the scrubbing tower. The gases are dissolved in condensate from the
446:
Reinjection of geothermal fluid from the
Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant started in Húsmúli reinjection field, in September 2011. Commissioning of the reinjection site caused significant induced seismicity that was felt in nearby communities. This problem was addressed by introducing a new
426:
These funding sources include the
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No. 764760 and 764810. The European Commission through the projects CarbFix (EC coordinated action 283148), Min-GRO (MC-RTN-35488), Delta-Min (PITN-GA-2008-215360), and
1214:
Sigfusson, Bergur; Gíslason, Sigurður R.; Matter, Juerg M.; Stute, Martin; Gunnlaugsson, Einar; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Aradóttir, Edda S.; Sigurðardóttir, Holmfriður; Mesfin, Kiflom; Alfredsson, Helgi A.; Wolff-Beonisch, Domenik; Arnarsson, Magnus T.; Oelkers, Eric H. (June 2015).
987:
Sigfusson, Bergur; Gislason, Sigurdur R.; Matter, Juerg M.; Stute, Martin; Gunnlaugsson, Einar; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Aradottir, Edda S.; Sigurdardottir, Holmfridur; Mesfin, Kiflom; Alfredsson, Helgi A.; Wolff-Boenisch, Domenik; Arnarsson, Magnus T.; Oelkers, Eric H. (June 2015).
677:
temporary storage. The CO₂ will then be pumped into a network of nearby injection wells where it will be dissolved in water during injection into the basaltic bedrock. The operations will be scaled up in steps reaching up to 3 million tons of CO₂ per year from 2031.
300:-charged water reacts with the subsurface rocks and dissolves cations such as Calcium, Magnesium, and Iron. The dissolution of cation-bearing silicate minerals; for example, the dissolution of pyroxene, a common mineral in basalt and peridotite, can be expressed as:
544:
S) from
Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant. The geothermal gases are dissolved in condensate from the power plant’s turbines in a specially designed scrubbing tower and injected to a depth of 750 m underground into basaltic rocks. Currently about 68% of the
454:
captured from the
Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant and dissolved in condensate from the plant’s turbines into one of the existing reinjection wells in the Húsmúli reinjection field in April 2014. No increased seismicity was noted after the injection of
1066:
Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Aradóttir, Edda S.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Clark, Deirdre E.; Arnarson, Magnús Þór; Sigfússon, Bergur; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Matter, Juerg M.; Stute, Martin; Júliusson, Bjarni M.; Gíslason, Sigurður R. (December 2018).
383:
Ultramafic and mafic rock formations are most efficient due to their high reactivity and their abundance in divalent metal cations. The degree to which the released cations form minerals depends on the element, the pH and the temperature.
641:
In 2024 Climeworks and
Carbfix are commissioning the Mammoth DAC plant, with the capacity to capture up to 36,000 tons per year which will be injected into the basalt for permanent mineral storage at the Geothermal Park in Hellisheiði.
572:
Carbfix is currently working on scaling up the operations at the
Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant through the EU Innovation Fund project Silverstone, aiming for near-zero geothermal power production from 2025 by capturing over 95% of
196:
in
Iceland. Reykjavik Energy supplied the initial funding for Carbfix. Further funding has been supplied by The European Commission and the Department of Energy of the United States. In addition to finding a new method for permanent
664:
was captured from a biogas upgrading plant in Bern, Switzerland, and transported to
Iceland where it was first injected at the Hellisheiði site. The current injection site of DemoUpCarma project is in Helguvík, Iceland, where the
1414:
Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Tómasdóttir, Sigrún; Sigfússon, Bergur; Aradóttir, Edda Sif; Gunnarsson, Gunnar; Niemi, Auli; Basirat, Farzad; Dessirier, Benoît; Gislason, Sigurdur R.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Franzson, Hjalti (July 2018).
1741:
Galeczka, Iwona Monika; Stefánsson, Andri; Kleine, Barbara I.; Gunnarsson-Robin, Jóhann; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ósk; Sigfússon, Bergur; Gunnarsdóttir, Sveinborg Hlíf; Weisenberger, Tobias B.; Oelkers, Eric H. (March 2022).
171:
Carbfix is currently operating four injection sites in Iceland in relation to the Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant: the Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Plant, The Orca direct air capture plant near Hellisheiði and within the
147:
are co-captured from the emission stream of the power station and permanently and safely stored via in-situ carbon mineralization at the Húsmúli reinjection site. The process captures approximately one-third of the
431:-REACT (EC Project 317235). Nordic fund 11029-NORDICCS; the Icelandic GEORG Geothermal Research fund (09-02-001) to S.R.G. and Reykjavik Energy; and the U.S. Department of Energy under award number DE-FE0004847.
672:
In July 2021, Carbfix was awarded the largest research grant ever granted to an Icelandic company, when it was nominated for the EU Innovation Fund grant of 15 million EU for the Coda Terminal project.
471:
In March 2023, Carbfix was criticised in the Icelandic media when Mannlíf, an electronic news publication, revealed that the partnership's head of communications had been an outspoken
955:
1556:
833:"Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide at Hellisheidi power plant in 2014-2017 and the role of CarbFix in achieving the 2040 Iceland climate goals"
127:
were injected into subsurface basalts in a first-of-a-kind pilot injection in SW-Iceland in 2012. Research results published in 2016 showed that 95% of the injected CO
1605:
Ratouis, Thomas M.P.; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Voigt, Martin J.; Sigfússon, Bergur; Gunnarsson, Gunnar; Aradóttir, Edda S.; Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala (February 2022).
1481:
1644:
Clark, Deirdre E.; Oelkers, Eric H.; Gunnarsson, Ingvi; Sigfússon, Bergur; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Aradóttir, Edda S.; Gíslason, Sigurður R. (June 2020).
408:
1782:"Upscaling and optimizing subsurface, in situ carbon mineralization as an economically viable industrial option | CarbFix2 Project | Fact Sheet | H2020"
1301:
Juncu, D.; Árnadóttir, Th.; Geirsson, H.; Guðmundsson, G.B.; Lund, B.; Gunnarsson, G.; Hooper, A.; Hreinsdóttir, S.; Michalczewska, K. (February 2020).
660:
was first demonstrated as part of the DemoUpCarma project in August 2022. The project was funded by the Swiss Federal Offices and led by ETH. The CO
831:
Sigfússon, Bergur; Arnarson, Magnús Þór; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ósk; Karlsdóttir, Marta Rós; Aradóttir, Edda Sif; Gunnarsson, Ingvi (July 2018).
1895:
1454:
Hjörleifsdóttir, Vala; Ingvarsson, Garðar; Ratouis, Thomas; Gunnarsson, Gunnar; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ósk; Sigfússon, Bergur (December 2021).
634:, was commissioned in Hellisheiði in collaboration between Climeworks and Carbfix. The plant has the capacity to capture up to 3,600 tons of CO
619:
captured from the atmosphere was carried out in Hellisheiði in SW-Iceland in 2017, as part of the Europe H2020 funded project CarbFix2. The CO
802:
1341:
192:
at Columbia University, Eric H. Oelkers at CNRS Toulouse (France), and Sigurður Reynir Gíslason at the University of Iceland to limit the
1506:
1693:
777:
697:
Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ó.; Sigfússon, Bergur; Marieni, Chiara; Goldberg, David; Gislason, Sigurður R.; Oelkers, Eric H. (2020-01-20).
412:
225:
is dissolved in water, either prior to or during injection into mafic or ultramafic formations, such as basalts. The dissolution of CO
1919:
1252:
2149:
495:
The Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant is the site of the original Carbfix project, which injected approximately 200 tons of CO
954:
Benson, S.M.; Cook, P.; Anderson, J.; Bachu, S.; Nimir, H.B.; Basu, B.; Bradshaw, J.; Deguchi, G.; Gale, J. (January 2005).
1531:
1744:"A pre-injection assessment of CO2 and H2S mineralization reactions at the Nesjavellir (Iceland) geothermal storage site"
2154:
2144:
1164:
393:
1805:
Gutknecht, Valentin; Snæbjörnsdóttir, Sandra Ósk; Sigfússon, Bergur; Aradóttir, Edda Sif; Charles, Louise (July 2018).
1646:"CarbFix2: CO2 and H2S mineralization during 3.5 years of continuous injection into basaltic rocks at more than 250 °C"
185:
2091:
1068:
631:
2125:
198:
990:"Solving the carbon-dioxide buoyancy challenge: The design and field testing of a dissolved CO2 injection system"
61:
1607:"Carbfix 2: A transport model of long-term CO2 and H2S injection into basaltic rocks at Hellisheidi, SW-Iceland"
117:
reacts with the host rock forming stable carbonate minerals, thus providing permanent storage of the injected CO
1359:
1069:"The rapid and cost-effective capture and subsurface mineral storage of carbon and sulfur at the CarbFix2 site"
973:
623:
was captured using a Direct Air Capture (DAC) unit developed by the Swiss green-tech company Climeworks. The CO
472:
193:
476:
1807:"Creating a carbon dioxide removal solution by combining rapid mineralization of CO2 with direct air capture"
139:. Since 2014, this technology has been applied to the emissions of the Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant. H
2010:
281:-charged water, which is furthermore denser than the water that is present in the formation, so that the CO
269:
in water instant solubility trapping is achieved, which is the second most secure trapping mechanism of CO
400:
491:
113:
by dissolving it in water and injecting it into basaltic rocks. Once in the subsurface, the injected CO
956:"Underground Geological Storage, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, Chapter 5"
888:
Gíslason, Sigurður R.; Sigurðardóttir, Holmfriður; Aradóttir, Edda Sif; Oelkers, Eric H. (July 2018).
1482:"Samskiptastjóri Carbfix: "Umhverfismál eru ofmetinn málaflokkur – Yfirborð sjávar er ekki að hækka""
1125:
1083:
901:
168:
capture, injection, and mineral storage at the Hellisheiði Geothermal Power Plant from 2025 onwards.
39:
1276:
1303:"Injection-induced surface deformation and seismicity at the Hellisheidi geothermal field, Iceland"
404:
189:
69:
57:
832:
1112:
la Reguera Taya, Diana; Hall, Jennifer; Dideriksen, Knud; Broecker, Wallace S. (June 10, 2016).
503:
Carbfix is currently operating four injection sites in Iceland with emphasis on injection of CO
459:
started implying that seismicity is not induced by the injection of the condensate-dissolved CO
1968:
1828:
1763:
1675:
1626:
1436:
1396:
1353:
1322:
1217:"Solving the carbon-dioxide buoyancy challenge: The design and field testing of a dissolved CO
1189:
1143:
1114:"Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions"
1048:
1009:
967:
758:
739:"Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions"
718:
553:
from the plant’s emissions are captured and injected, which amounts to about 12,000 tons of CO
292:-charged water is acidic, typically having a pH of 3-5 depending on the partial pressure of CO
1253:"This startup has unlocked a novel way to capture carbon—by turning the dirty gas into rocks"
1960:
1818:
1755:
1665:
1657:
1618:
1463:
1428:
1386:
1314:
1232:
1133:
1091:
1040:
1001:
909:
844:
750:
710:
537:
475:. Ólafur Teitur Guðnason, Carbfix's principal media spokesperson, worked as a columnist for
420:
285:-charged water has rather the tendency to sink than to migrate upwards towards the surface.
929:
638:
directly from the atmosphere that are injected into basalts for permanent mineral storage.
1456:"Ten years of induced earthquakes in the Húsmúli CO2 injection site, Hellisheiði, Iceland"
1949:"Accelerating the climate transition through scientist-led CO2 management pilot projects"
519:
that is captured directly from the atmosphere using direct air capture (DAC) technology.
1129:
1087:
905:
1694:"Silverstone: mimicking nature's way to transform CO2 into stone - European Commission"
416:
1028:
738:
2138:
1948:
1455:
1318:
960:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press Cambridge, U.K
698:
2129:
2096:
1302:
890:"A brief history of CarbFix: Challenges and victories of the project's pilot phase"
399:
This project commenced carbon injection in 2012. The funding was supplied by the
81:
2033:
1823:
1432:
1391:
914:
889:
849:
1933:
1759:
1622:
1237:
1216:
1096:
1005:
392:
Drilling and injecting carbonated water at high pressure into basaltic rocks at
1964:
1806:
1416:
1374:
164:
S/y) from the power plant. The Silverstone project aims to deploy full-scale CO
2115:
1743:
1661:
1606:
989:
864:
714:
109:
is an Icelandic company that has developed an approach to permanently store CO
1972:
1832:
1781:
1767:
1717:
1679:
1670:
1630:
1440:
1400:
1326:
1277:"Vatnsdæling veldur skjálftum [English: Water pumping causes tremor]"
1168:
1165:"Iceland's Hellisheidi prepares to start injection at carbon storage project"
1052:
1013:
762:
722:
1645:
1138:
1113:
1044:
754:
565:
was mineralized within 4 months of injection, and over 85% of the injected H
480:
1467:
1147:
209:
669:
is co-injected with seawater as part of the R&D project CO2Seastone.
601:
plant‘s turbines and injected into the basaltic subsurface below 900 m.
2101:
2057:
1986:
1870:
630:
In 2021, the world’s first commercial DAC combined with storage plant,
627:
was then dissolved in water and injected into the basaltic subsurface.
581:
S from the plant’s emissions. This accounts for up to 40,000 tons of CO
132:
87:
17:
2092:"To combat climate change, these scientists are turning CO2 into rock"
1557:"Sæll Ólafur Teitur: Ná sinnaskipti þín líka til annarra málaflokka?"
1846:
778:"Scientists turn carbon dioxide into stone to combat global warming"
592:
Carbfix has since early 2023 started the capture and injection of CO
1847:"Orca is Climeworks' new large-scale carbon dioxide removal plant"
610:
captured from the atmosphere using direct air capture technologies
490:
208:
1718:"Geothermal Emission Control | GECO Project | Fact Sheet | H2020"
1947:
Becattini, Viola; Wiemer, Stefan; Mazzotti, Marco (April 2024).
65:
803:"CO2 injected deep underground turns to rock – and stays there"
483:, presenting propaganda and pseudoscience as scientific facts.
499:
into the subsurface and fixed it as stable carbonate minerals.
296:, water composition, and the temperature of the system. The CO
1871:"Mammoth: our newest direct air capture and storage facility"
515:
that is captured and transported to an injection site, and CO
176:
Seastone project in Helguvík (see chapter “Current status”).
1507:"Samskiptastjóri Carbfix var efasemdamaður í loftslagsmálum"
1417:"The geology and hydrology of the CarbFix2 site, SW-Iceland"
1373:
Pind Aradóttir, Edda Sif; Hjálmarsson, Eiríkur (July 2018).
201:, another objective of the project was to train scientists.
1896:"Construction begins on "Mammoth" direct air capture plant"
98:
2084:
2117:
To combat climate change, these scientists are turning CO
561:
S per year. Results show that over 60% of the injected CO
1460:
Sixth International Conference on Engineering Geophysics
337:
to form stable carbonate minerals, such as Calcite (CaCO
184:
Carbfix was founded by the then Icelandic President, Dr
1581:
1342:"Induced seismicity-stakeholder engagement in Iceland"
1027:
Gislason, Sigurdur R.; Oelkers, Eric H. (2014-04-25).
1190:"Carbfix project – from gas to rock - GREBE Project"
699:"Carbon dioxide storage through mineral carbonation"
532:
Carbfix has since June 2014 captured and injected CO
135:
within 2 years, using 25 tons of water per ton of CO
217:-charged water-rock interaction at the Carbfix site
94:
76:
53:
45:
35:
1340:Thorsteinsson, H.; Gunnarsson, G. (January 2014).
396:has been estimated to cost less than $ 25 a ton.
2034:"Carbfix's Coda Terminal awarded large EU grant"
1462:. Society of Exploration Geophysicists: 96–100.
1748:International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
1611:International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
1225:International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
1076:International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
994:International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
349:), a reaction that can be expressed as:
1375:"CarbFix – public engagement and transparency"
1307:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
524:Point source capture and mineral storage of CO
8:
1159:
1157:
30:
1532:"Ólafur svarar gagnrýni um fyrri efasemdir"
333:The cations can react with the dissolved CO
213:Image of calcite formed in basalt due to CO
188:, Einar Gunnlaugsson at Reykjavík Energy,
29:
1822:
1669:
1390:
1236:
1137:
1095:
913:
848:
1920:"First CO2 transport arrived in Iceland"
686:
1351:
965:
737:Fernandez de la Reguera (2016-06-10).
703:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
409:National Centre of Scientific Research
934:warming the world: Lock it in a rock"
434:Cost is around US$ 25 per tonne of CO
7:
2090:Brabant, Malcolm (August 23, 2016).
2085:Carbfix.com – Website of the project
826:
824:
822:
692:
690:
606:Injection and mineral storage of CO
557:per year, and about 5,000 tons of H
1167:. 9 September 2011. Archived from
413:United States Department of Energy
25:
615:The world’s first injection of CO
507:captured from point-sources of CO
1319:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.019
569:S within 4 months of injection.
1650:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
801:Le Page, Michael (2016-06-09).
450:Carbfix started injection of CO
229:in water can be expressed as:
651:capture, transport and storage
1:
1894:Calma, Justine (2022-06-29).
1563:(in Icelandic). 28 March 2023
1513:(in Icelandic). 28 March 2023
1488:(in Icelandic). 26 March 2023
1194:GREBE project, European Union
277:bubbles are present in the CO
1824:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.017
1786:CORDIS | European Commission
1722:CORDIS | European Commission
1433:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.019
1392:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.015
915:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.014
850:10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.018
656:Cross-border transport of CO
123:Approximately 200 tons of CO
1953:Nature Chemical Engineering
1760:10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103610
1623:10.1016/j.ijggc.2022.103586
1238:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.02.022
1097:10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.08.014
1006:10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.02.022
853:– via Science Direct.
2171:
1965:10.1038/s44286-024-00056-y
1029:"Carbon Storage in Basalt"
585:and up to 12,000 tons of H
1662:10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.039
776:Toor, Amar (2016-06-10).
715:10.1038/s43017-019-0011-8
62:the University of Iceland
473:climate change denialist
194:Greenhouse gas emissions
99:https://www.carbfix.com/
1139:10.1126/science.aad8132
1045:10.1126/science.1250828
755:10.1126/science.aad8132
2150:Environment of Iceland
1468:10.1190/iceg2021-027.1
1346:GRC Trans. 38, 879–882
500:
218:
199:carbon dioxide storage
186:Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
72:at Columbia University
865:"Project Silverstone"
494:
401:University of Iceland
345:), and Siderite (FeCO
212:
160:S emissions (6,000 tH
152:emissions (12,000 tCO
1358:: CS1 maint: year (
972:: CS1 maint: year (
265:By dissolving the CO
156:/y) and 60% of the H
131:was solidified into
40:Carbon sequestration
2155:Climate engineering
2145:Emissions reduction
1934:"About DemoUpCARMA"
1130:2016Sci...352.1312M
1124:(6291): 1312–1314.
1088:2018IJGGC..79..117G
906:2018EnPro.146..103G
749:(6291): 1312–1314.
549:S and 34% of the CO
419:, Nordic funds and
405:Columbia University
190:Wallace S. Broecker
70:the Earth Institute
32:
1698:cinea.ec.europa.eu
501:
341:), Magnesite (MgCO
219:
1671:20.500.11815/1757
1221:injection system"
1039:(6182): 373–374.
307:O + (Ca,Mg,Fe)SiO
104:
103:
27:Icelandic company
16:(Redirected from
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694:
538:hydrogen sulfide
421:Reykjavik Energy
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2018:
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2011:"Coda Terminal"
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2079:External links
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2002:
1987:"CO2-Seastone"
1978:
1959:(4): 267–269.
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270:
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252:
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2097:PBS NewsHour
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1586:carbfix.com
1427:: 146–157.
1385:: 115–120.
1231:: 213–219.
1082:: 117–126.
1000:: 213–219.
900:: 103–114.
843:: 135–145.
407:, France's
394:Hellisheiði
221:Captured CO
2139:Categories
2067:2024-05-29
2043:2024-05-29
2019:2024-05-29
1996:2024-05-29
1905:2024-05-29
1880:2024-05-29
1875:Climeworks
1856:2024-05-29
1851:Climeworks
1791:2024-05-29
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1287:2024-06-05
1262:2021-12-01
1200:2017-12-04
1175:2011-09-16
939:11 October
874:2024-05-23
812:2024-05-23
787:2024-05-23
681:References
467:Criticisms
442:Challenges
364:+(aq) + CO
180:Background
2121:into rock
1973:2948-1198
1900:The Verge
1833:1876-6102
1768:1750-5836
1680:0016-7037
1656:: 45–66.
1631:1750-5836
1582:"Carbfix"
1441:1876-6102
1401:1876-6102
1327:0377-0273
1053:0036-8075
1014:1750-5836
782:The Verge
763:0036-8075
723:2662-138X
481:fake news
376:(s), FeCO
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2107:July 18,
1354:cite web
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143:S and CO
54:Founders
36:Industry
2126:YouTube
2102:WETA-TV
1561:Mannlíf
1486:Mannlíf
1257:Fortune
1126:Bibcode
1118:Science
1084:Bibcode
1033:Science
902:Bibcode
743:Science
303:2H+ + H
236:(g) + H
133:calcite
107:Carbfix
95:Website
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1360:link
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