872:. The functional properties of CMC depend on the degree of substitution of the cellulose structure (i.e., how many of the hydroxyl groups have been converted to carboxymethylene groups in the substitution reaction), as well as the chain length of the cellulose backbone structure and the degree of clustering of the carboxymethyl substituents. It is commonly used as a viscosity modifier or thickener and to stabilize emulsions in various products, both food and non-food-related. It is mainly used because it has a high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic.
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by reducing the need for fat. CMC is also used as an emulsifier in biscuits. Dispersing fat uniformly in the dough improves the release of the dough from the molds and cutters, achieving well-shaped biscuits without any distorted edges. It can also help to reduce the amount of egg yolk or fat used in making the biscuits. The use of CMC in candy preparation ensures smooth dispersion in flavor oils and improves texture and quality. CMC is used in chewing gums, margarine, and peanut butter as an emulsifier.
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1297:. Its low solubility is a result of a lower DS value (the number of carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose chain) compared to soluble CMC. Insoluble CMC offers physical properties similar to insoluble cellulose, while the negatively charged carboxylate groups allow it to bind to positively charged proteins. Insoluble CMC can also be chemically cross-linked to enhance the mechanical strength of the material.
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CMC powder is widely used in the ice cream industry, to make ice creams without churning or extremely low temperatures, thereby eliminating the need for conventional churners or salt ice mixes. CMC is used in baking breads and cakes. The use of CMC gives the loaf an improved quality at a reduced cost
3214:
Chassaing, Benoit; Compher, Charlene; Bonhomme, Brittaney; Liu, Qing; Tian, Yuan; Walters, William; Nessel, Lisa; Delaroque, Clara; Hao, Fuhua; Gershuni, Victoria; Chau, Lillian; Ni, Josephine; Bewtra, Meenakshi; Albenberg, Lindsey; Bretin, Alexis; McKeever, Liam; Ley, Ruth E.; Patterson, Andrew D.;
1158:
CMC is an ingredient used in over 50% of cosmetic products. As a thickening agent, it is used in formulations where viscosity needs to be precisely controlled. In hair care, about 25% of shampoos and conditioners utilize CMC for its conditioning and detangling effects. It is also used in the makeup
1091:
CMC's variable viscosity (high while cold, and low while hot) makes it useful in the preparation of cold foods and textures in beverages and edible gels. With a DS around 1.0, it can prevent dehydration and shrinkage of gelatin while also contributing to a more airy structure. In some foods, it can
1324:
conversion. CMC was misused in early work with cellulase enzymes, as many had associated whole cellulase activity with CMC hydrolysis. As the mechanism of cellulose depolymerization became better understood, it became clear that exo-cellulases are dominant in the degradation of crystalline (e.g.
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In laundry detergents, it is used as a soil suspension polymer designed to deposit onto cotton and other cellulosic fabrics, creating a negatively charged barrier to soils in the wash solution. CMC is also used as a thickening agent, for example, in the oil-drilling industry as an ingredient of
1107:
crystals, in the presence of CMC, grow slower and change their morphology. Their shape becomes flatter because they lose 2 of the 7 faces, changing their dimensions. CMC molecules, negatively charged at wine pH, interact with the electropositive surface of the crystals, where potassium ions are
1146:
CMC is used in textiles as a thickening agent in textile printing, constituting about 2-3% of printing pastes. It is also used in fabric finishing to affect the fabric's texture. Additionally, CMC serves as a binding agent in non-woven fabrics, contributing to the strength and stability of the
633:. An additional purification process is used to remove salts to produce pure CMC, which is used for food and pharmaceutical applications. An intermediate "semi-purified" grade is also produced, which is typically used in paper applications such as the restoration of archival documents.
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CMC is a common ingredient in cleaning products because of its thickening and stabilizing properties and nontoxic composition. In detergent and cleaning products, it can be used to enhance texture and assist in the suspension of dirt and grime in the cleaning product. Its adjustable
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CMC aids in pigment suspension and dispersion, binding other ingredients for even distribution. CMC, when combined with Fatty Acid
Ethanolamine or 2,2'-Iminodiethanol in a hair product, can form a thin film around the hair.
1137:
CMC helps with the removal of grease and aids in the creation of small bubbles in the soap. This, along with its ability to suspend dirt in mixtures, can make soaps and other cleaning products more efficient.
1159:
and toothpaste industries to control the products' texture. Due to its ability to retain moisture, it is also used in skincare products. CMC serves as a film-forming agent in approximately 10% of sunscreens.
1199:. The device is soaked in water to form a gel, which is inserted into the nose of the balloon and inflated. The combination of the inflated balloon and the therapeutic effect of the CMC stops the bleeding.
1968:
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accumulated. The slower growth of the crystals and the modification of their shape are caused by the competition between CMC molecules and bitartrate ions for binding to the KHT crystals.
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Aqueous solutions of CMC have also been used to disperse carbon nanotubes, where the long CMC molecules are thought to wrap around the nanotubes, allowing them to be dispersed in water.
1150:
CMC aids in thickening printing pastes, which makes the prints themselves more precise. It is also used to thicken dyes. Additionally, it is an alternative to synthetic thickeners.
832:-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone. It is often used as its sodium salt, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
1293:
Insoluble CMC (water-insoluble) can be used in the purification of proteins, particularly in the form of charged filtration membranes or as granules in cation-exchange resins for
2367:
Rahman, Md Saifur; Hasan, Md Saif; Nitai, Ashis
Sutradhar; Nam, Sunghyun; Karmakar, Aneek Krishna; Ahsan, Md Shameem; Shiddiky, Muhammad J. A.; Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir (2021).
1884:
Rahman, Md Saifur; Hasan, Md Saif; Nitai, Ashis
Sutradhar; Nam, Sunghyun; Karmakar, Aneek Krishna; Ahsan, Md Shameem; Shiddiky, Muhammad J. A.; Ahmed, Mohammad Boshir (2021).
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2426:
Tudoroiu, Elena-Emilia; Dinu-Pîrvu, Cristina-Elena; Albu Kaya, Mădălina
Georgiana; Popa, Lăcrămioara; Anuța, Valentina; Prisada, Răzvan Mihai; Ghica, Mihaela Violeta (2021).
1992:
Tudoroiu, Elena-Emilia; Dinu-Pîrvu, Cristina-Elena; Albu Kaya, Mădălina
Georgiana; Popa, Lăcrămioara; Anuța, Valentina; Prisada, Răzvan Mihai; Ghica, Mihaela Violeta (2021).
3125:
500:
1738:"Synthesis of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(acrylic acid) Microgels via Visible-Light-Triggered Polymerization as a Self-Sedimentary Cationic Basic Dye Adsorbent"
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1975:
2139:"Study of wine tartaric acid salt stabilization by addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC): comparison with the « protective colloids » effect"
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While thought to be uncommon, case reports of severe reactions to CMC exist. Skin testing is believed to be a useful diagnostic tool for this purpose.
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2766:"Use of a high-molecular-weight carboxymethylcellulose in a tissue protective solution for prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions in ponies"
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3217:"Randomized Controlled-Feeding Study of Dietary Emulsifier Carboxymethylcellulose Reveals Detrimental Impacts on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome"
765: with: a more thorough, sourced description of the variability in structure and function that are available through synthesis. You can help by
1227:
In veterinary medicine, CMC is used in abdominal surgeries in large animals, particularly horses, to prevent the formation of bowel adhesions.
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are a subject of research. Carboxymethyl cellulose, along with other emulsifiers, is suggested as a possible cause of inflammation of the gut
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CMC injections have been used to fraudulently increase the weight and visual appeal of shrimp and prawns so as to short-weight customers.
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2009. Bacterial overgrowth and inflammation of small intestine after carboxymethylcellulose ingestion in genetically susceptible mice.
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Determination de l'etat de supersaturation et effet des polysaccharides sur la crystallization du bitartrate de potassium dans les vins
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anodes. CMC's water solubility allows for less toxic and costly processing than with non-water-soluble binders, like the traditional
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products, filtration materials, synthetic membranes, wound healing applications, and also in leather crafting to help burnish edges.
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Determination of the state of supersaturation and effect of polysaccharides on the crystallization of potassium bitartrate in wines
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Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is used in applications ranging from food production to medical treatments. It is commonly used as a
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If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.
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complex); it is a highly specific substrate for endo-acting cellulases, as its structure has been engineered to decrystallize
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or cold stability in wine, which can prevent excess energy usage while chilling wine in warm climates. It is more stable than
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98:
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1320:. Using CMC in enzyme assays is especially important in screening for cellulase enzymes that are needed for more efficient
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2345:
1673:
Hollabaugh, C. B.; Burt, Leland H.; Walsh, Anna
Peterson (October 1945). "Carboxymethylcellulose. Uses and Applications".
3022:"Role of carboxymethyl cellulose binder and its effect on the preparation process of anode slurries for Li-ion batteries"
2306:
Bahramparvar, Maryam; Mazaheri
Tehrani, Mostafa (October 2011). "Application and Functions of Stabilizers in Ice Cream".
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55:
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and create amorphous sites that are ideal for endoglucanase action. CMC is desirable because the catalysis product (
109:
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Murphy, David J.; Peck, Lynn S.; Detrisac, Carol J.; Widenhouse, Christopher W.; Goldberg, Eugene P. (2002-10-01).
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material. In sizing applications, about 1-3% of CMC is used to protect yarns during weaving to reduce breakages.
3329:
2619:"Behandlung der anterioren Epistaxis mit Nasentamponade - Behandlung der anterioren Epistaxis mit Nasentamponade"
2485:
Zennifer, Allen; Senthilvelan, Praseetha; Sethuraman, Swaminathan; Sundaramurthi, Dhakshinamoorthy (2021-03-15).
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2181:"Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on potassium bitartrate crystallization on model solution and white wine"
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can be used to standardize the textures of the products, especially when used along with other chemicals.
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2897:"Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions in NaCMC Aqueous Solutions: Effect of Degree of Substitution"
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Moreover, CMC has been used extensively to characterize enzyme activity from endoglucanases (part of the
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1088:, mayonnaise, and beverages. It is also used extensively in gluten-free and reduced-fat food products.
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In conservation-restoration, it is used as an adhesive or fixative (commercial name
Walocel, Klucel).
1419:
rubber (SBR) for electrodes requiring extra flexibility, e.g. for use with silicon-containing anodes.
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Bajul, Audrey; Gerbaud, Vincent; Teychene, Sébastien; Devatine, Audrey; Bajul, Gilles (2017-08-15).
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Following the initial reaction, the resultant mixture produces approximately 60% CMC and 40% salts (
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3148:"The Role of Carrageenan and Carboxymethylcellulose in the Development of Intestinal Inflammation"
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2522:
2487:"Key advances of carboxymethyl cellulose in tissue engineering & 3D bioprinting applications"
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Wu, Jiamin; Feng, Zhaoxue; Dong, Chaohong; Zhu, Ping; Qiu, Jianhui; Zhu, Longxiang (2022-03-29).
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MC and CMC: commercial preparations and various uses, including paper conservation; bibliography
2187:. Industrial Crystallization and Precipitation in France (CRISTAL-8), May 2016, Rouen (France).
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Gerbaud, Vincent; Gabas, Nadine; Blouin, Jacques; Crachereau, Jean-Christophe (2010-12-31).
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1969:"Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose – The Ideal Hydrocolloid for Bakery & Dough Products"
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2956:"Highly Size-Selective Water-Insoluble Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose Membranes"
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2692:"CMC packing in functional endoscopic sinus surgery: does it affect patient comfort?"
2645:"Safety and efficacy of carboxymethylcellulose foam in guinea pig middle ear surgery"
2526:
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1947:
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1018:
571:. It used to be marketed under the name Tylose, a registered trademark of SE Tylose.
361:
2327:
1399:
CMC is sometimes used as an electrode binder in advanced battery applications (i.e.
3037:
2428:"An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management"
2204:
1994:"An Overview of Cellulose Derivatives-Based Dressings for Wound-Healing Management"
1551:
564:
2846:
2502:
1819:"Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose CMC Uses In Papermaking Industry | Fortune Biotech"
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2319:
1753:
2954:
Nakayama, Ryo-ichi; Yano, Tomoya; Namiki, Norikazu; Imai, Masanao (2019-11-01).
2831:"Water insoluble and flexible transparent film based on carboxymethyl cellulose"
1453:
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and is very effective in inhibiting tartrate precipitation. It is reported that
687:
76:
2979:
2690:
Leunig, Andreas; Betz, Christian S.; Siedek, Vanessa; Kastl, Konrad G. (2009).
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Fabric used as a dressing following ear, nose, and throat surgical procedures.
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in both food and non-food products. It is used primarily because it has high
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3146:
Martino, John
Vincent; Van Limbergen, Johan; Cahill, Leah E. (1 May 2017).
2931:
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2829:
Wang, Mengying; Jia, Xiangxiang; Liu, Wanshuang; Lin, Xiaobo (2021-03-01).
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Applications of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose As a Binder In
Batteries
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2010:
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1363: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1309:
1265: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
869:
861:
857:
611:
560:
553:
550:
1021:. It is also used in non-food products which include products such as
3215:
Wu, Gary D.; Gewirtz, Andrew T.; Lewis, James D. (11 November 2021).
3116:"Is common food additive to blame for rising rates of bowel disease?"
1046:
614:
and chemically reactive. Fabrics made of cellulose – e.g., cotton or
584:
325:
477:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1396:, where it acts as a viscosity modifier and water retention agent.
1212:, and this gel is inserted into the sinus cavity following surgery.
2643:
Antonelli, Patrick J.; Sampson, Edith M.; Lang, Dustin M. (2010).
1205:
1196:
1054:
1038:
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615:
305:
191:
contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
2895:
Lopez, Carlos G.; Colby, Ralph H.; Cabral, João T. (2018-04-24).
840:
CMC is a white or lightly yellow powder with no odor, flavor, or
828:
residues linked by -1,4-linkage. It has carboxymethyl groups (-CH
3026:
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
3020:
Park, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Sun Hyung; Ahn, Kyung Hyun (2023-05-05).
603:
2053:"Food Processing Technologies for Reduction of Fat in Products"
2553:"Cellulose-Based Hydrogels as Sustained Drug-Delivery Systems"
1447:
1332:
1234:
1209:
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879:
747:
681:
640:
172:
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29:
2736:"Carboxymethylcellulose: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings"
1795:"Carboxymethylcellulose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1195:(PVC) balloon is covered by CMC knitted fabric reinforced by
2551:
Ciolacu, Diana Elena; Nicu, Raluca; Ciolacu, Florin (2020).
1818:
1415:(NMP) for processing. CMC is often used in conjunction with
421:
2342:"C.m.c. Glossary – Recipes with C.m.c. - Tarladalal.com"
2236:"Fraudulent and deceptive practices on seafood products"
1017:, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or
969:
903:
766:
495:
2293:"COSMETICS GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
2265:"DETERGENT GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
27:
Cellulose derivative grafted with carboxymethyl groups
3196:
Swidsinski, Alexander; Ung, Victoria; Sydora, Beate;
852:
solution. It is not soluble in organic solvents like
381:
2279:"TEXTILE GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
914:, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a
3272:
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology
1569:, and has been suggested as a triggering factor in
1180:CMC is also used in numerous medical applications.
848:and dissolves well in hot or cold water, forming a
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1944:"CP Kelco Cellulose Gum / Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
629:). This product, called technical CMC, is used in
2081:"FOOD GRADE CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE APPLICATIONS"
1013:, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be
808:CMC is a derivative of the regenerated cellulose
2369:"Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
1886:"Recent Developments of Carboxymethyl Cellulose"
1621:"Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum)"
1434:, and therefore more cooling capacity than ice.
293:
1845:Ergun, R.; Guo, J.; Huebner-Keese, B. (2016).
1325:Avicel) and not soluble (e.g. CMC) cellulose.
1065:CMC is registered as E466 or E469 (when it is
1092:be used to control oil and moisture content.
8:
2062:. Scotland Food & Drink. Archived from
716:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
675:Learn how and when to remove these messages
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2110:Institut National Polytechnique de Talouse
436:
371:
240:
3242:
3232:
3173:
3163:
2930:
2920:
2804:"Whatman Filters & Sample Collection"
2594:
2576:
2461:
2443:
2402:
2384:
2027:
2009:
1919:
1901:
1858:
1538:Learn how and when to remove this message
1379:Learn how and when to remove this message
1281:Learn how and when to remove this message
1224:solutions for the treatment of dry eyes.
934:Learn how and when to remove this message
791:Learn how and when to remove this message
736:Learn how and when to remove this message
403:
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1220:, CMC is used as a lubricating agent in
272:Carboxymethylcellulose; carmellose; E466
3268:"Anaphylaxis to carboxymethylcellulose"
2960:Journal of Polymers and the Environment
2770:American Journal of Veterinary Research
1840:
1838:
1611:
432:
1675:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
1619:Codex Alimentarius Commission (2016).
1474:Please improve this section by adding
895:contains content that is written like
362:
3300:CMC chemical structure and properties
2348:from the original on 15 December 2016
2174:
2172:
333:
313:
7:
2649:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
2094:Gerbaud, Vincent (18 October 1996).
2060:Food & Health Innovation Service
1361:adding citations to reliable sources
1263:adding citations to reliable sources
714:adding citations to reliable sources
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1701:"CMC Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose"
824:(Na). The CMC backbone consists of
1860:10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00127-6
1717:from the original on 12 April 2023
618:– may also be converted into CMC.
25:
1567:human gastrointestinal microbiota
972:and remove advice or instruction.
656:This section has multiple issues.
45:This section has multiple issues.
2155:10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.4.1474
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752:
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34:
3278:from the original on 2017-07-12
3202:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 15
3128:from the original on 2017-07-12
3060:from the original on 2023-11-09
3002:from the original on 2023-11-09
2877:from the original on 2023-11-09
2746:from the original on 2023-08-10
2533:from the original on 2023-11-09
2119:from the original on 2016-10-13
2051:Stanford, John (January 2012).
1851:Encyclopedia of Food and Health
1776:from the original on 2023-11-02
1631:from the original on 2017-09-12
1573:such as ulcerative colitis and
1348:needs additional citations for
1250:needs additional citations for
1084:in various products, including
664:or discuss these issues on the
481:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
3038:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131130
2205:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2017.03.024
1823:Jining Fortune Biotech Co.,Ltd
569:sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
1:
3114:Healy, Melissa (2015-02-25).
2847:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117353
2503:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117561
1476:secondary or tertiary sources
1411:(PVDF), which requires toxic
1312:) is easily measured using a
3234:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.006
2922:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00178
2661:10.1016/j.otohns.2009.11.009
2320:10.1080/87559129.2011.563399
1754:10.1021/acs.Langmuir.1c03196
1565:, through alteration of the
545:-COOH) bound to some of the
1571:inflammatory bowel diseases
1295:ion-exchange chromatography
579:Carboxymethyl cellulose is
3351:
2980:10.1007/s10924-019-01532-w
2308:Food Reviews International
812:with hydroxy-acetic acid (
563:. It is often used in its
2782:10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1448
2185:Journal of Crystal Growth
1487:"Carboxymethyl cellulose"
1318:3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
475:
448:
277:
269:
264:
255:
246:
110:"Carboxymethyl cellulose"
2623:MSD Manual Profi-Ausgabe
1067:enzymatically hydrolyzed
822:sodium monochloroacetate
637:Structure and properties
242:Carboxymethyl cellulose
3165:10.3389/fped.2017.00096
3152:Frontiers in Pediatrics
1595:Hydroxypropyl cellulose
1409:polyvinylidene fluoride
1183:Some examples include:
1095:CMC is used to achieve
520:Carboxymethyl cellulose
2225:Cracherau et al. 2001.
1650:"Products – SE Tylose"
1463:relies excessively on
1432:a lower freezing point
1167:Specific culinary uses
471:variable
18:Carboxymethylcellulose
2835:Carbohydrate Polymers
2491:Carbohydrate Polymers
2386:10.3390/polym13081345
2245:. European Commission
2112:. Docket 961NP1030G.
2108:(Ph.D.) (in French).
1903:10.3390/polym13081345
1799:www.sciencedirect.com
1590:Croscarmellose sodium
1554:, microbiota-related
1401:lithium ion batteries
1231:Research applications
916:neutral point of view
610:render the cellulose
1422:CMC is also used in
1357:improve this article
1259:improve this article
1176:Medical applications
1069:). It is used for a
970:rewrite this section
814:hydroxyethanoic acid
710:improve this section
539:carboxymethyl groups
95:improve this article
2972:2019JPEnv..27.2439N
2913:2018MaMol..51.3165L
2569:2020Mate...13.5270C
2295:. 13 November 2023.
2281:. 13 November 2023.
2267:. 13 November 2023.
2197:2017JCrGr.472...54B
1687:10.1021/ie50430a015
1413:n-methylpyrrolidone
1403:), especially with
1208:is added to form a
1193:poly-vinyl chloride
1191:(nose bleeding). A
908:promotional content
243:
3335:E-number additives
3097:"Use in ice packs"
3082:2017-12-04 at the
2578:10.3390/ma13225270
2445:10.3390/ph14121215
2083:. 3 November 2023.
2011:10.3390/ph14121215
1556:metabolic syndrome
1322:cellulosic ethanol
1118:Shrimp and prawns:
910:and inappropriate
844:properties. It is
594:of cellulose with
508:Infobox references
241:
3266:Lieberman, Phil.
3121:Los Angeles Times
2966:(11): 2439–2444.
2776:(10): 1448–1454.
1748:(12): 3711–3719.
1548:
1547:
1540:
1522:
1444:Adverse reactions
1417:styrene-butadiene
1389:
1388:
1381:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1101:metatartaric acid
987:
986:
963:a manual or guide
944:
943:
936:
801:
800:
793:
783:
782:
746:
745:
738:
679:
596:chloroacetic acid
556:that make up the
516:Chemical compound
514:
513:
417:CompTox Dashboard
389:(thickeners, ...)
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
213:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3342:
3330:Cellulose ethers
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3221:Gastroenterology
3211:
3205:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3103:on July 8, 2011.
3099:. Archived from
3093:
3087:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2907:(8): 3165–3175.
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2806:. Archived from
2800:
2794:
2793:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2580:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2447:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2388:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2118:
2107:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2013:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1974:. Archived from
1973:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1946:. Archived from
1940:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1905:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1862:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1716:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:www.setulose.com
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1616:
1600:Methyl cellulose
1543:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1480:
1456:
1448:
1428:eutectic mixture
1384:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1341:
1333:
1286:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1243:
1235:
1222:artificial tears
982:
979:
973:
961:is written like
954:
953:
946:
939:
932:
928:
925:
919:
897:an advertisement
888:
887:
880:
796:
789:
778:
775:
756:
748:
741:
734:
730:
727:
721:
690:
682:
671:
649:
648:
641:
627:sodium glycolate
498:
492:
489:
488:
456:Chemical formula
441:
440:
425:
423:
407:
383:
375:
364:
337:
317:
297:
260:
251:
244:
234:
227:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3310:
3309:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3281:
3279:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3195:
3191:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3129:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3084:Wayback Machine
3076:
3072:
3063:
3061:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3005:
3003:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2718:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2432:Pharmaceuticals
2425:
2424:
2420:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2045:
1998:Pharmaceuticals
1991:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1777:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1681:(10): 943–947.
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1586:
1575:Crohn's disease
1544:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1469:primary sources
1457:
1446:
1385:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1354:
1342:
1331:
1316:assay, such as
1287:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1256:
1244:
1233:
1178:
1169:
1156:
1144:
1127:
1114:
1063:
992:
983:
977:
974:
967:
955:
951:
940:
929:
923:
920:
901:
889:
885:
878:
838:
831:
819:
811:
806:
797:
786:
785:
784:
779:
773:
770:
763:needs expansion
757:
742:
731:
725:
722:
707:
691:
650:
646:
639:
623:sodium chloride
616:viscose (rayon)
608:carboxyl groups
577:
544:
517:
510:
505:
504:
503: ?)
494:
490:
486:
482:
461:variable
458:
444:
426:
419:
410:
356:
340:
320:
300:
287:
273:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
206:
200:
197:
194:
186:This article's
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3325:Food additives
3322:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3294:External links
3292:
3289:
3288:
3258:
3227:(3): 743–756.
3206:
3189:
3138:
3106:
3088:
3070:
3012:
2946:
2901:Macromolecules
2887:
2821:
2795:
2756:
2727:
2682:
2655:(3): 405–408.
2635:
2610:
2543:
2477:
2418:
2359:
2333:
2314:(4): 389–407.
2298:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2227:
2218:
2168:
2129:
2086:
2072:
2069:on 2014-10-23.
2043:
1984:
1981:on 2015-06-26.
1960:
1935:
1876:
1869:
1834:
1810:
1786:
1728:
1708:colonygums.com
1692:
1665:
1641:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1582:
1546:
1545:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1387:
1386:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1314:reducing sugar
1289:
1288:
1247:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1200:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1155:
1154:Cosmetics uses
1152:
1143:
1140:
1126:
1125:Detergent uses
1123:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1110:
1062:
1059:
1015:hypoallergenic
991:
988:
985:
984:
958:
956:
949:
942:
941:
912:external links
892:
890:
883:
877:
874:
837:
834:
829:
817:
809:
805:
802:
799:
798:
781:
780:
760:
758:
751:
744:
743:
694:
692:
685:
680:
654:
653:
651:
644:
638:
635:
576:
573:
549:groups of the
542:
515:
512:
511:
506:
484:
483:
479:standard state
476:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
454:
451:
450:
446:
445:
443:
442:
429:
427:
415:
412:
411:
409:
408:
400:
398:
392:
391:
385:
377:
376:
366:
358:
357:
355:
354:
350:
348:
342:
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328:
322:
321:
319:
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310:
308:
302:
301:
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283:
280:
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275:
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267:
266:
262:
261:
253:
252:
237:
236:
219:
218:
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3347:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3207:
3204:(3), 359–364.
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:10044/1/58673
2928:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2822:
2810:on 2 May 2013
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1950:on 2013-08-24
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1870:9780123849533
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1542:
1539:
1531:
1528:November 2022
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489: –
1488:
1484:
1483:Find sources:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1461:This section
1459:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:resulting in
1429:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1383:
1380:
1372:
1369:November 2022
1362:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1346:This section
1344:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1282:
1274:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1248:This section
1246:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:ophthalmology
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:cotton linter
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
981:
971:
966:
964:
959:This section
957:
948:
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1061:Food science
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902:Please help
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278:Identifiers
270:Other names
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93:Please help
88:verification
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47:Please help
44:
2625:(in German)
2379:(8): 1345.
2243:marketac.eu
1896:(8): 1345.
1853:: 694–702.
1847:"Cellulose"
1625:GFSA Online
1550:Effects on
1187:Device for
1049:, reusable
846:hygroscopic
581:synthesized
575:Preparation
565:sodium salt
449:Properties
369:100.120.377
315:CHEBI:85146
3314:Categories
3282:2017-07-12
3132:2017-07-12
3064:2023-08-09
3032:: 131130.
3006:2023-08-08
2881:2023-08-08
2841:: 117353.
2814:9 November
2750:2023-08-08
2721:2024-06-21
2629:2024-06-21
2537:2023-08-08
2497:: 117561.
2352:9 November
2149:(4): 231.
2123:2017-05-07
1954:2013-07-17
1828:2024-07-12
1804:2024-07-12
1780:2023-11-02
1659:2022-11-17
1635:2017-05-08
1606:References
1498:newspapers
1465:references
1426:to form a
1329:Other uses
1112:Food fraud
1053:, various
1051:heat packs
1045:, textile
1043:detergents
1023:toothpaste
978:April 2024
924:April 2024
904:improve it
866:chloroform
836:Properties
661:improve it
631:detergents
535:derivative
467:Molar mass
405:05JZI7B19X
346:ChemSpider
285:CAS Number
121:newspapers
50:improve it
3320:Cellulose
3054:256917952
3046:0927-7757
2996:199474275
2988:1572-8919
2941:0024-9297
2871:228813982
2855:0144-8617
2740:Drugs.com
2708:0300-0729
2696:Rhinology
2669:0194-5998
2587:1996-1944
2557:Materials
2527:231689461
2511:0144-8617
2454:1424-8247
2395:2073-4360
2213:0022-0248
2191:: 54–63.
2163:2494-1271
2020:1424-8247
1912:2073-4360
1762:0743-7463
1424:ice packs
1306:cellulose
1302:cellulase
1271:July 2019
1189:epistaxis
1132:viscosity
1086:ice cream
1082:emulsions
1079:stabilize
1075:thickener
1071:viscosity
1027:laxatives
1011:viscosity
1007:emulsions
1004:stabilize
1000:thickener
996:viscosity
842:poisonous
826:D-glucose
804:Structure
697:does not
667:talk page
602:(organic
589:catalyzed
558:cellulose
532:cellulose
295:9004-32-4
56:talk page
3276:Archived
3253:34774538
3184:28507982
3126:Archived
3080:Archived
3058:Archived
3000:Archived
2875:Archived
2863:33436193
2790:12371775
2744:Archived
2716:19382492
2677:20172389
2605:33233413
2531:Archived
2519:33483063
2472:34959615
2413:33924089
2373:Polymers
2346:Archived
2328:43187328
2143:OENO One
2114:Archived
2038:34959615
1930:33924089
1890:Polymers
1774:Archived
1770:35290066
1742:Langmuir
1712:Archived
1629:Archived
1584:See also
1405:graphite
1097:tartrate
854:methanol
592:reaction
561:backbone
554:monomers
547:hydroxyl
382:E number
3244:9639366
3175:5410598
2968:Bibcode
2909:Bibcode
2596:7700533
2565:Bibcode
2463:8706040
2404:8074295
2249:23 June
2193:Bibcode
2029:8706040
1921:8074295
1627:. FAO.
1560:colitis
1512:scholar
1310:glucose
1077:and to
1037:-based
1033:pills,
1002:and to
870:benzene
862:acetone
858:ethanol
850:viscous
718:removed
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