3417:
3352:
3284:
4594:
3158:
2816:
269:
658:
414:
486:
1136:
4690:
3382:
590:
discipline and vital interests of the church seemed to be threatened. The emperor several times rebuked Fesch for what he thought to be weakness and ingratitude. It is clear, however, that the cardinal went as far as possible in counselling the submission of the spiritual to the civil power. For a time he was not on speaking terms with the pope; and
Napoleon recalled him from Rome.
3327:
4702:
81:
1232:
629:, where he was kept under surveillance in the hope that he would give way in certain matters relating to the Concordat and in other clerical affairs. Fesch ventured to write to the aged pontiff a letter which came into the hands of the emperor. His anger against Fesch was such that he stopped the sum of 150,000 florins which had been accorded to him.
4678:
649:. On the second abdication of the emperor (22 June 1815), Fesch retired to Rome along with his older sister Letizia. There he spent the rest of his days in dignified ease, surrounded by numerous masterpieces of art, many of which he bequeathed to the cities of Lyon and Ajaccio. He died in Rome in 1839.
1022:
t is still a matter of doubt whether
Napoleon and Josephine were ever married at the altar. There is not a scrap of evidence to prove it. The official account relates that on the eve of the coronation the Pope refused to officiate unless the Emperor made Josephine his wife, the Church not recognising
589:
Subsequent events damaged his prospects. In the course of the years 1806-1807 Napoleon came into sharp collision with the pope on various matters both political and religious. Fesch sought in vain to reconcile them. Napoleon was inexorable in his demands, and Pius VII refused to give way where the
1023:
the civil marriage. To avoid a scandal
Napoleon consented, and the religious ceremony was secretly performed at the Tuileries by Cardinal Fesch, with the consent of the Pope, and in the presence of Duroc, Berthier, and Talleyrand, on the night of the 1st December, 1804.
616:
In the year 1811 the emperor convoked a national council of
Gallican clerics for the discussion of church affairs, and Fesch was appointed to preside over their deliberations. Here again, however, he failed to satisfy the inflexible emperor and was dismissed to his
472:
in 1781. He was ordained as a priest in 1785, and 24 years old, he became himself the archdeacon of
Ajaccio. After the 1791 death of Luciano Buonaparte, he became for a time the protector and patron of his sister's family. In 1789, when the
632:
The disasters of the years 1812-1813 brought
Napoleon to treat Pius VII more leniently and the position of Fesch thus became for a time less difficult. However, on the first abdication of Napoleon (11 April 1814) and the restoration of the
4504:
4541:
3481:
477:
broke out, he felt, like the majority of the
Corsicans, repugnance for many of the acts of the French government during that period; in particular he protested against the application to Corsica of the act known as the
3180:
482:(July 1790). As provost of the "chapter" in that city he directly felt the pressure of events; for on the suppression of religious orders and corporations, he was constrained to retire into private life.
4752:
1098:
4166:
1818:
4527:
1389:
685:
The Fesch collection included almost 16,000 paintings (not all at the same time). The core was
Italian works of the Renaissance to the 18th century, but Fesch also had a number of
609:, but in 1810 the commission was dissolved. The hopes of Fesch with respect to Regensburg were also damped by an arrangement of the year 1810 whereby Regensburg was absorbed in
4211:
378:, but Napoleon's relationship with his uncle deteriorated as his relationship with the Pope soured. Nevertheless, Napoleon remained loyal to his uncle. Fesch wed his nephew to
4443:
1533:
3833:
2734:
2689:
2596:
2543:
2474:
2344:
2318:
2235:
2132:
2059:
4141:
578:, became grand-almoner of the empire and had a seat in the French senate. He was to receive further honours. In 1806 one of the most influential of the German clerics,
3369:
3429:
527:
religion was in the mind of the First Consul, Fesch resumed his clerical vocation and took an active part in the complex negotiations which led to the signing of the
4792:
4550:
3222:
1270:
796:
360:
4742:
3702:
3568:
513:" he became a commissary attached to that army. This part of his career is obscure, but his fortunes rose rapidly when Napoleon became First Consul, after the
554:, but soon sharply differed with him on many questions. Towards the close of 1804, Napoleon entrusted to Fesch the difficult task of securing the presence of
4787:
3760:
3491:
3364:
497:
Thereafter he shared the fortunes of the
Bonaparte family in the intrigues and strifes which ensued. Drawn gradually into espousing the French cause against
605:, but he refused the honour. Fesch did however consent to take part in an ecclesiastical commission formed by the emperor from among the dignitaries of the
4812:
1305:
1156:
1050:
4191:
3548:
2887:
4146:
3598:
3501:
3314:
729:
621:. The friction between uncle and nephew became more acute in the following year. In June 1812 Pius VII was brought from his first place of detention,
3725:
1768:
1396:
4402:
709:
and others. Another part, including the works considered most important, was sold by auction in 1845. Paintings not in Lyons or
Ajaccio include:
4782:
4747:
4534:
4494:
3563:
3476:
2937:
1151:
3132:
567:
4757:
4176:
3893:
3032:
1501:
744:
3258:
3750:
3304:
3243:
3201:
1485:
4206:
3667:
3084:
4737:
2977:
1901:
4181:
3682:
2957:
551:
460:
Angela Maria Pietrasanta. His mother had previously been married to Captain Giovanni Geronimo Ramolino, and he had an elder half-sister,
4602:
4136:
3636:
3309:
2461:
2222:
340:
66:
4499:
4489:
3878:
3253:
3089:
3064:
2559:
2209:
397:
After the end of the French Empire in 1815, he was banished from France in 1815, like the rest of the Imperial House. He relocated to
289:
98:
60:
2352:
3873:
3214:
3175:
2721:
1382:
1333:
1008:
3421:
2922:
4303:
4091:
4018:
3868:
3775:
3109:
1585:
1525:
976:
479:
124:
1354:
4244:
4086:
3983:
3953:
3573:
2892:
1477:
1326:
1298:
1244:
1082:
539:
in August 1802. Six months later he received a further reward for his past services, being raised to the dignity of cardinal.
4802:
4578:
4479:
4081:
2551:
1689:
1267:
387:
3858:
3486:
3007:
1681:
1594:
1541:
268:
4484:
3780:
2917:
2907:
2482:
2326:
2305:
2243:
2163:
2026:
1761:
1646:
971:
714:
566:(2 December 1804). His tact in overcoming the reluctance of the pope (it was only eight months after the execution of the
445:
4668:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4196:
3883:
3271:
3248:
3193:
3188:
3079:
3022:
1991:
1909:
1003:. Cambridge Library Collection - European History. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press (published 2010). p. 5.
368:
4797:
4298:
3923:
3818:
3697:
3677:
3588:
3517:
3339:
2604:
2297:
2150:
1638:
583:
4573:
4121:
3973:
2987:
2882:
2837:
509:), he took several posts in civil life, until on the appointment of Napoleon Bonaparte to the command of the French "
379:
1452:
4593:
4433:
4033:
3988:
3968:
3730:
2967:
2862:
2191:
2140:
2072:
1972:
1756:
1665:
1291:
958:
902:
689:
and contemporary French works, as well as a number of classical sculptures. Fesch was a fairly early collector of
311:, he was the son of Swiss-born Franz Faesch and Angela Maria Pietrasanta, and belonged on his father's side to the
4448:
4343:
3888:
3765:
3720:
3608:
3496:
3463:
3266:
2877:
2829:
2705:
2628:
2506:
2490:
843:
686:
606:
465:
166:
40:
1047:
4807:
4156:
4003:
3958:
3288:
3283:
3027:
2857:
2847:
2660:
2644:
2522:
2437:
2284:
2268:
2171:
1945:
1509:
951:
723:
4625:
3583:
348:
1236:
4732:
4013:
4008:
3963:
3908:
3672:
3553:
3230:
2962:
2676:
2583:
2567:
2251:
2067:
2010:
1925:
1630:
1469:
336:
139:
1165:
4762:
3798:
3631:
3235:
3047:
2927:
2912:
2785:
2742:
2652:
2530:
2276:
2196:
1865:
1740:
1732:
1622:
1259:
926:
823:
809:
777:
602:
510:
293:
56:
4635:
3652:
296:. He was also one of the most famous art collectors of his period, remembered for having established the
4338:
3603:
3538:
3069:
2952:
2942:
2820:
2815:
2713:
2668:
2421:
2368:
2186:
2176:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2100:
1857:
1713:
1361:
1216:
922:
383:
135:
4151:
2397:
1195:
328:
4519:
4727:
4722:
4277:
3913:
3735:
3657:
3593:
3506:
3114:
3104:
3074:
2992:
2897:
2612:
2429:
2376:
2181:
2145:
2090:
1964:
1175:
280:(3 January 1763 – 13 May 1839) was a French priest and diplomat, who was the maternal half-uncle of
4554:
4353:
4283:
4131:
4061:
4038:
3993:
3918:
3898:
3863:
3838:
3770:
3471:
2997:
2381:
2260:
2018:
1930:
1705:
1697:
1673:
1432:
891:
575:
559:
543:
364:
44:
3578:
3017:
4694:
3813:
3543:
3394:
3356:
3351:
3099:
3052:
3012:
2758:
2750:
2445:
2405:
2217:
2110:
1874:
1849:
1841:
1793:
1614:
1162:
The following references are given for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article on Joseph Fesch:
857:
670:
536:
402:
281:
4161:
3978:
3740:
3613:
3170:
1461:
501:
and the Anglophiles, he was forced to leave Corsica and to proceed with Laetitia and her son to
4390:
4323:
4313:
4293:
3948:
3647:
3399:
2697:
2636:
2620:
2413:
1937:
1784:
1493:
1347:
1314:
1185:
1004:
882:
734:
528:
515:
474:
453:
449:
438:
320:
216:
1253:
343:("French Prince") in 1807 (a dignity he shared only with Napoleon's siblings, brother-in-law
4682:
4645:
4610:
4458:
4318:
4237:
4111:
4106:
4096:
3828:
3755:
3692:
3662:
3434:
3404:
3299:
3002:
2852:
2777:
2514:
2498:
2453:
2389:
2360:
2155:
2034:
1917:
1810:
1424:
1375:
1368:
1340:
1278:
944:
912:
872:
861:
784:
702:
634:
579:
461:
285:
4630:
4615:
4383:
4171:
3848:
3843:
3808:
3558:
3162:
3157:
3059:
2982:
2872:
2842:
2201:
2077:
1802:
1776:
1748:
1577:
1549:
1086:
1054:
801:
761:
753:
738:
506:
469:
86:
4028:
1000:
A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon: With Explanatory Notes
323:
of 1799. Fesch became Archbishop of Lyon in 1802, a Cardinal in 1803, Ambassador to the
4453:
4395:
4201:
4023:
3803:
3523:
3386:
3381:
3331:
3326:
3146:
2334:
1837:
1210:
930:
898:
830:
769:
694:
646:
524:
498:
352:
297:
257:
70:
641:(March–June 1815) brought him back to France; he resumed his archiepiscopal duties at
413:
4716:
4706:
4620:
4467:
4438:
4308:
4126:
3933:
3903:
3745:
3641:
3533:
3094:
3037:
1274:
1147:
1142:
1066:
626:
555:
375:
344:
179:
485:
4657:
4474:
4419:
4333:
4288:
3998:
3790:
2947:
2932:
2902:
1079:
886:
839:
719:
690:
666:
657:
638:
598:
356:
237:
129:
36:
998:
4583:
4426:
4328:
4186:
4076:
3853:
3823:
3124:
2972:
2292:
2085:
520:
434:
391:
4689:
4232:
4071:
3939:
3687:
3042:
1517:
819:
698:
17:
1160:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 292–293.
1117:
Almanach Du DĂ©partement de L'Escaut Pour L'an 1809-1815, Volume 1;Volume 1809
4066:
3712:
3623:
3206:
2575:
1568:
805:
749:
505:, in early autumn, 1793. Failing to find clerical duties at that time (the
1231:
80:
4568:
4414:
4409:
4348:
4227:
4101:
2867:
1882:
1252:
532:
324:
304:, which remains one of the most important Napoleonic collections of art.
789:
618:
610:
490:
426:
422:
308:
301:
212:
853:
706:
674:
622:
594:
586:, chose him to be his coadjutor and designated him as his successor.
546:
on the latter's retirement from the position of French ambassador at
502:
430:
312:
247:
1283:
637:, he retired to Rome where he received a welcome. The events of the
1209:
601:
to the French empire. In that year Napoleon conferred on Fesch the
593:
Affairs came to a crisis in the year 1809, when Napoleon issued at
3416:
1141:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
697:, Ajaccio contains much of Fesch's collection, including works by
656:
563:
484:
442:
412:
332:
316:
665:
As a member of the imperial family of France, he was given a new
642:
547:
398:
233:
4523:
4370:
4265:
3455:
2805:
2051:
1410:
1287:
468:(1718–1791), archdeacon of Ajaccio, he entered the seminary at
3482:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
3296:
822:, National Gallery, London, who have other works including a
319:. He rose to great prominence in France following Napoleon's
401:
with his half-sister Laetitia, and took up residence at the
897:
Saints George and Dominic, side panels from an altarpiece,
382:
in Paris in 1804, the day before Bonaparte was crowned as
374:
He was Napoleon's most important diplomat in regard to
4666:
597:
the decree of 17 May, ordering the annexation of the
367:
to the French imperial throne in accordance with the
4212:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
677:
family traditionally used a different coat of arms.
4753:
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Hundred Days
4601:
4561:
4444:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4220:
4054:
4047:
3932:
3789:
3711:
3622:
3515:
3462:
3413:
3378:
3348:
3323:
3280:
3154:
3145:
3123:
2828:
2812:
2770:
2733:
2688:
2595:
2542:
2473:
2343:
2317:
2234:
2131:
2058:
2003:
1984:
1957:
1894:
1830:
1725:
1658:
1607:
1561:
1534:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1444:
1417:
1103:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum
645:and was further named a member of the senate and a
263:
253:
243:
223:
198:
193:
185:
172:
159:
151:
146:
120:
112:
104:
94:
34:
1048:Cardinal Fesch and the art of his time, exhibition
669:based on the imperial coat of arms of France (cf.
315:, one of the most prominent patrician families of
4656:Several family members held additional titles in
889:, originally part of the same composition as his
542:Appointed by Napoleon on 4 April 1803 to succeed
3370:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
570:) received further recognition. He received the
558:at the forthcoming coronation of the emperor at
464:, later the mother of Napoleon. With support of
405:, dedicating himself to art and to beneficence.
535:on 15 July 1801. His reward came in being made
371:(Title III, Article 9, "The Imperial Family").
1412:Significant civil and political events by year
797:Portrait of a Seated Woman with a Handkerchief
4535:
1299:
1208:Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges Goyau (1913).
523:(November 1799). When the restoration of the
125:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Vittoria
8:
4465:
4424:
4400:
4381:
3365:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1248:, which includes an entire chapter on Fesch
278:Joseph Cardinal Fesch, Prince of the Empire
4542:
4528:
4520:
4367:
4262:
4051:
3569:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
3452:
3151:
2825:
2802:
2048:
1407:
1306:
1292:
1284:
267:
79:
31:
3834:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
3492:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
3315:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1099:"Carlo Crivelli - Saint George - The Met"
693:paintings, or "Italian Primitives". The
390:, and in 1811 baptized the Emperor's son
1550:Nationalization of the Church properties
288:). In the wake of his nephew, he became
136:Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina
4673:
4495:Historiography of the French Revolution
3766:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
3477:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
988:
355:in 1815, and was named a Prince of the
3502:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
3457:Other significant figures and factions
860:, London, who have another Greuze, an
4793:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3549:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
3305:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3244:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3202:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
1682:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
661:Coat of arms of Cardinal Joseph Fesch
339:in 1805, a sovereign prince in 1806,
7:
3703:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
3115:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
1902:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1220:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
359:by the Pope. He was a member of the
4788:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
4579:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
3310:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
997:Bingham, Denis Arthur, ed. (1884).
4813:Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII
4500:Influence of the French Revolution
4490:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3254:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3215:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
1470:Convocation of the Estates General
25:
4743:Members of the SĂ©nat conservateur
4142:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
3874:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3176:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
2958:François Christophe de Kellermann
2197:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
943:Great Eagle (Grand Cross) of the
4700:
4688:
4676:
4592:
4574:Joséphine, Empress of the French
3869:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
3776:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
3746:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
3637:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
3415:
3380:
3350:
3325:
3282:
3156:
3033:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
2814:
1586:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1230:
1214:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1190:Le Pape et l'empereur, 1804–1815
1134:
977:Napoleon and the Catholic Church
480:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
4569:Napoleon, Emperor of the French
4207:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
3954:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
3879:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3090:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3085:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3065:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
2893:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
1811:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
766:Saint Martin Dividing His Cloak
441:, whose family belonged to the
111:
103:
4783:French people of Swiss descent
4748:Ambassadors of France to Italy
4480:Women in the French Revolution
4082:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3259:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
2923:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
2552:French invasion of Switzerland
1268:Spencer Napoleonica Collection
1067:"Standard STAR Web Error Page"
730:Saint Jerome in the Wilderness
437:officer in the service of the
1:
4758:19th-century French cardinals
4485:Incroyables and merveilleuses
4304:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4092:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3223:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3194:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
2491:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2244:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2218:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2027:Constitution of the Year VIII
1762:Committee of General Security
1647:National Legislative Assembly
1502:National Constituent Assembly
448:and had been ennobled in the
386:, in 1810 he wed Napoleon to
4562:Emperor and immediate family
4403:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4197:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4087:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
3984:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
3884:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
3574:Charles Malo François Lameth
3249:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3080:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3023:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2223:Second Battle of Wissembourg
1910:Constitution of the Year III
493:, now houses the Musée Fesch
4738:Princes of the Papal States
4299:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
3924:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
3859:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
3819:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
3698:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
3683:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
3678:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
3487:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
3340:William V, Prince of Orange
2210:First Battle of Wissembourg
2167:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
1883:Closing of the Jacobin Club
1752:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
1709:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
1569:Abolition of the Parlements
1542:Women's March on Versailles
1202:(4 vols., Paris, 1897–1900)
867:, a Philippe de Champaigne
584:prince-bishop of Regensburg
369:French constitution of 1804
4829:
4434:French Republican calendar
3989:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
3614:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
2968:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
2918:Charles François Dumouriez
2908:Jacques François Dugommier
2722:League of Armed Neutrality
2555:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
2507:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
2330:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2309:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
1973:Second Congress of Rastatt
1757:Committee of Public Safety
1744:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
1119:. lA.B. Stéven. p. 6.
972:François Carlo Antommarchi
959:Order of the Golden Fleece
903:Metropolitan Museum of Art
792:, National Gallery, London
745:Adoration of the Shepherds
687:Dutch Golden Age paintings
363:, and was included in the
286:Napoleon's mother Laetitia
27:French priest and diplomat
4654:
4590:
4449:Cult of the Supreme Being
4377:
4366:
4272:
4261:
3609:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
3464:Patriotic Society of 1789
3451:
3267:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3189:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
2801:
2706:Convention of Alessandria
2047:
1992:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
1453:What Is the Third Estate?
1406:
1321:
167:Giovanni Battista Caprara
78:
55:
41:His Most Eminent Highness
4551:Imperial House of France
4157:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4122:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4004:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
3974:François-Nicolas Vincent
3959:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3133:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3028:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3008:François Séverin Marceau
2988:François Joseph Lefebvre
2883:Jean-Étienne Championnet
2858:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2853:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
2848:Alexandre de Beauharnais
2838:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
2560:French Invasion of Egypt
2438:Second Battle of Bassano
2172:Battle of Kaiserslautern
1946:Conspiracy of the Equals
1639:The Constitution of 1791
1510:Storming of the Bastille
952:Order of the Golden Spur
724:National Gallery, London
681:Paintings owned by Fesch
550:, Fesch was assisted by
380:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4137:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4009:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3969:Antoine-François Momoro
3964:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3781:François de Neufchâteau
3731:Charles-François Lebrun
3673:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
3554:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
3430:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3236:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3231:Karl Mack von Leiberich
2863:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2677:Second Battle of Zurich
2568:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2414:First Battle of Bassano
2252:Second Battle of Boulou
2053:Revolutionary campaigns
2011:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
1926:Council of Five Hundred
1714:First republic declared
1650:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1631:Declaration of Pillnitz
1355:Constitutional monarchy
1157:Encyclopædia Britannica
429:. His father was Franz
388:Marie Louise of Austria
337:Grand Almoner of France
140:Grand Almoner of France
4584:Napoleon, King of Rome
4466:
4425:
4401:
4382:
3894:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
3889:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
3799:Maximilien Robespierre
3632:Jacques Pierre Brissot
3497:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
2928:Louis-Charles de Flers
2913:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
2878:Jean François Carteaux
2653:First Battle of Zurich
2616:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
2571:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
2531:Treaty of Campo Formio
2277:Glorious First of June
2205:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
2164:Expedition to Sardinia
1842:Desmoulins guillotined
1777:Assassination of Marat
1769:Fall of the Girondists
1741:Revolutionary Tribunal
1733:Execution of Louis XVI
1623:Champ de Mars massacre
1526:Abolition of Feudalism
1260:Encyclopedia Americana
1200:Napoleon et sa famille
927:Duke of Northumberland
844:Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
824:Philippe de Champaigne
810:Art Gallery of Ontario
778:Antonio Maria Vassallo
662:
603:archbishopric of Paris
494:
418:
417:Cardinal Joseph Fesch.
4803:French art collectors
4626:Eugène de Beauharnais
4339:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3604:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3584:Jean-François Rewbell
3070:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2953:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
2943:Jacques Maurice Hatry
2714:Battle of Hohenlinden
2587:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
2422:Battle of Emmendingen
2369:Battle of Castiglione
2256:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
2187:Battle of Hondschoote
1858:Thermidorian Reaction
1822:(throughout the year)
1595:Fête de la Fédération
1521:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
1505:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
1489:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
1254:"Fesch, Joseph"
1239:at Wikimedia Commons
1217:Catholic Encyclopedia
1172:(2 vols., Lyon, 1841)
1166:Jean Baptiste Lyonnet
1036:Catholic Encyclopedia
923:Sebastiano del Piombo
909:Lamentation of Christ
879:Hunting in the Lagoon
816:Adoration of the Magi
660:
488:
456:, and his mother was
416:
384:Emperor of the French
349:Eugène de Beauharnais
4267:Influential thinkers
4014:Jean-François Varlet
3914:Jean-Lambert Tallien
3909:Jean Bon Saint-André
3736:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
3658:Marquis de Condorcet
3507:Nicolas de Condorcet
3272:Dagobert von Wurmser
3105:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3048:Pierre-Jacques Osten
2963:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
2898:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2888:Chapuis de Tourville
2430:Battle of Schliengen
2377:Battle of Theiningen
2298:Battle of Aldenhoven
2182:Battle of Wattignies
2151:Battle of Neerwinden
1965:Coup of 18 Fructidor
1478:Death of the Dauphin
1211:"Joseph Fesch"
1176:Louis Gustave Ricard
800:, now attributed to
341:Prince of the Empire
67:Prince of the Empire
4778:People from Ajaccio
4773:Archbishops of Lyon
4768:First French Empire
4555:First French Empire
4354:Mary Wollstonecraft
4132:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3919:Pierre Louis Prieur
3864:Jean-Henri Voulland
3839:Jacques-Louis David
3771:Jean Joseph Mounier
3472:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3110:Belgrand de Vaubois
2998:Jean-Antoine Marbot
2938:Emmanuel de Grouchy
2743:Treaty of Lunéville
2382:Battle of Neresheim
2327:Siege of Luxembourg
2306:Siege of Luxembourg
2261:Battle of Tourcoing
2192:Siege of Bellegarde
2019:Coup of 18 Brumaire
1931:Council of Ancients
1706:National Convention
1698:September Massacres
1674:Brunswick Manifesto
1666:France declares war
1433:Assembly of Vizille
1273:5 December 2012 at
1245:The Age of Napoleon
892:Two Venetian Ladies
833:& a Botticelli.
827:Vision of St Joseph
365:order of succession
45:His Serene Highness
4798:House of Bonaparte
4192:Loménie de Brienne
4167:Madame de Lamballe
4102:Napoléon Bonaparte
3899:Prieur de la Marne
3814:Camille Desmoulins
3668:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
3544:Jean-Sifrein Maury
3539:Arnaud de La Porte
3395:Alexander Korsakov
3181:Count of Clerfayt
3100:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3013:Auguste de Marmont
2868:Napoléon Bonaparte
2759:Algeciras campaign
2751:Treaty of Florence
2629:Battle of Stockach
2462:Ireland expedition
2446:Battle of Calliano
2406:Battle of Rovereto
2398:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
1850:Law of 22 Prairial
1819:Anti-clerical laws
1794:The Death of Marat
1615:Flight to Varennes
1085:2009-05-09 at the
1053:2011-09-28 at the
858:Wallace Collection
756:, who also have a
671:House of Bonaparte
663:
537:Archbishop of Lyon
495:
466:Luciano Buonaparte
421:Fesch was born at
419:
403:Palazzo Falconieri
347:, and adopted son
327:in 1804, a French
290:Archbishop of Lyon
282:Napoleon Bonaparte
85:Cardinal Fesch by
61:Archbishop of Lyon
4664:
4663:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4391:Cockade of France
4362:
4361:
4324:Antoine Lavoisier
4314:Benjamin Franklin
4294:Anacharsis Cloots
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4177:Louis de Breteuil
4019:Theophile Leclerc
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3400:Alexander Suvorov
3141:
3140:
3075:JĂłzef Poniatowski
2993:Étienne Macdonald
2797:
2796:
2698:Battle of Marengo
2661:Battle of Trebbia
2645:Battle of Cassano
2637:Battle of Magnano
2621:Battle of Ostrach
2523:Battle of Neuwied
2285:Battle of Fleurus
2269:Battle of Tournay
2146:War in the Vendée
2082:Royalist Revolts
2043:
2042:
1600:
1576:Abolition of the
1494:Tennis Court Oath
1486:National Assembly
1315:French Revolution
1235:Media related to
1186:Henri Welschinger
1180:Le Cardinal Fesch
1170:Le Cardinal Fesch
929:'s collection at
883:Vittore Carpaccio
850:The Broken Mirror
735:Leonardo da Vinci
475:French Revolution
454:Holy Roman Empire
450:Holy Roman Empire
439:Republic of Genoa
284:(half-brother of
275:
274:
217:Republic of Genoa
16:(Redirected from
4820:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4646:Lucien Bonaparte
4636:JĂ©rĂ´me Bonaparte
4611:Joseph Bonaparte
4596:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4521:
4471:
4459:Temple of Reason
4430:
4406:
4387:
4368:
4319:Thomas Jefferson
4263:
4182:de Chateaubriand
4112:Joseph Bonaparte
4107:Lucien Bonaparte
4097:Marie Antoinette
4052:
4039:Sylvain Maréchal
3994:François Hanriot
3829:Louis Philippe I
3756:Louis Philippe I
3751:Philippe Égalité
3693:Olympe de Gouges
3663:Charlotte Corday
3653:Étienne Clavière
3453:
3435:Antonio Ricardos
3420:
3419:
3405:Andrei Rosenberg
3385:
3384:
3355:
3354:
3330:
3329:
3300:Ralph Abercromby
3287:
3286:
3262:
3239:
3226:
3218:
3210:
3197:
3184:
3161:
3160:
3152:
3056:
3003:Marcellin Marbot
2826:
2819:
2818:
2807:Military leaders
2803:
2790:
2782:
2778:Treaty of Amiens
2763:
2755:
2747:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2681:
2680:(25–26 Sep 1799)
2673:
2665:
2664:(17–20 Jun 1799)
2657:
2649:
2648:(27–28 Apr 1799)
2641:
2633:
2625:
2624:(20–21 Mar 1799)
2617:
2609:
2605:Second Coalition
2588:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2515:Treaty of Leoben
2511:
2503:
2502:(14–15 Jan 1797)
2499:Battle of Rivoli
2495:
2487:
2483:Italian campaign
2466:
2458:
2457:(15–17 Nov 1796)
2454:Battle of Arcole
2450:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2410:
2402:
2394:
2390:Battle of Amberg
2386:
2373:
2365:
2361:Battle of Lonato
2357:
2353:Italian campaign
2331:
2310:
2302:
2289:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2227:
2226:(26–27 Dec 1793)
2214:
2206:
2168:
2160:
2156:Battle of Famars
2124:
2049:
2031:
2023:
2015:
1996:
1977:
1969:
1950:
1942:
1922:
1914:
1906:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1651:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1619:
1618:(20–21 Jun 1791)
1598:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1554:
1546:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1437:
1429:
1425:Day of the Tiles
1408:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1279:Newberry Library
1264:
1256:
1234:
1221:
1213:
1161:
1140:
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1063:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1017:
993:
945:Legion of Honour
913:Scipione Pulzone
865:Virgin and Child
862:Anthony van Dyck
785:Mond Crucifixion
703:Giovanni Bellini
580:Karl von Dalberg
576:Legion d'Honneur
544:François Cacault
462:Letizia Ramolino
271:
230:
208:
206:
194:Personal details
173:Created cardinal
83:
64:Sovereign Prince
32:
21:
4828:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4808:Museum founders
4713:
4712:
4711:
4701:
4699:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4667:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4631:Elisa Bonaparte
4616:Louis Bonaparte
4597:
4588:
4557:
4548:
4518:
4509:
4384:La Marseillaise
4373:
4372:Cultural impact
4358:
4268:
4249:
4216:
4172:Madame du Barry
4162:Catherine Théot
4152:Thérésa Tallien
4043:
4034:Gracchus Babeuf
3979:François Chabot
3936:
3928:
3849:Georges Couthon
3844:Marquis de Sade
3809:Jean-Paul Marat
3785:
3741:Bertrand Barère
3707:
3618:
3599:Boissy d'Anglas
3594:Madame de Staël
3559:Antoine Barnave
3527:
3520:
3511:
3458:
3439:
3414:
3409:
3379:
3374:
3349:
3344:
3324:
3319:
3281:
3276:
3260:
3237:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3171:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
3155:
3137:
3119:
3060:Nicolas Oudinot
3050:
2983:Claude Lecourbe
2978:Charles Leclerc
2873:Guillaume Brune
2843:Pierre Augereau
2813:
2808:
2793:
2788:
2786:Treaty of Paris
2780:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2700:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2538:
2533:
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2501:
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2392:
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2329:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2246:
2230:
2225:
2212:
2204:
2202:Siege of Toulon
2166:
2158:
2141:First Coalition
2127:
2118:
2054:
2039:
2029:
2021:
2013:
1999:
1994:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1803:Law of Suspects
1797:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1751:
1749:Reign of Terror
1743:
1735:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1603:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1557:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1529:(4–11 Aug 1789)
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1462:RĂ©veillon riots
1456:
1440:
1435:
1427:
1413:
1402:
1317:
1312:
1251:
1228:
1207:
1196:Frédéric Masson
1150:, ed. (1911). "
1146:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1087:Wayback Machine
1078:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1055:Wayback Machine
1046:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1015:
1013:
1011:
996:
994:
990:
985:
968:
940:
802:Carel Fabritius
762:Perino del Vaga
754:NGA, Washington
739:Vatican Museums
683:
655:
607:Gallican Church
507:Reign of Terror
470:Aix-en-Provence
411:
232:
228:
219:
210:
204:
202:
189:Cardinal-Priest
177:
176:17 January 1803
164:
138:
134:
90:
87:Charles Meynier
73:
69:
65:
63:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4826:
4824:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4733:French princes
4730:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4685:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4603:French Princes
4599:
4598:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
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4546:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4454:Cult of Reason
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4398:
4396:Flag of France
4393:
4388:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
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4326:
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4316:
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4296:
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4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Jacques Necker
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
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4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4049:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4024:Claire Lacombe
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Jacques HĂ©bert
3945:
3943:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Georges Danton
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:Henri Grégoire
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
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3589:Camille Jordan
3586:
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2682:
2674:
2669:Battle of Novi
2666:
2658:
2656:(4–7 Jun 1799)
2650:
2642:
2634:
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2449:(6–7 Nov 1796)
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2366:
2364:(3–4 Aug 1796)
2358:
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2337:
2335:Peace of Basel
2332:
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2199:
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2179:
2177:Siege of Mainz
2174:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2108:
2106:Siege of Mainz
2103:
2098:
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2045:
2044:
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2038:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1943:
1938:13 Vendémiaire
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
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1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
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1855:
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1828:
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1816:
1808:
1800:
1790:
1785:Levée en masse
1782:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1746:
1738:
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1690:10th of August
1687:
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1628:
1620:
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1591:
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1572:(Feb–Jul 1790)
1565:
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1523:
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1507:
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1296:
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1265:
1249:
1227:
1226:External links
1224:
1223:
1222:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1148:Chisholm, Hugh
1129:
1126:
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1027:
1009:
987:
986:
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963:
962:
957:Knight of the
955:
950:Knight of the
948:
939:
936:
935:
934:
931:Alnwick Castle
919:The Visitation
916:
906:
899:Carlo Crivelli
895:
876:
847:
837:Last Judgement
834:
831:Vincenzo Foppa
813:
793:
781:
770:Jan Boeckhorst
741:
726:
715:The Entombment
682:
679:
654:
651:
647:peer of France
525:Roman Catholic
499:Pasquale Paoli
489:Palais Fesch,
410:
407:
361:Imperial House
353:Peer of France
273:
272:
265:
261:
260:
258:Roman Catholic
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
240:
231:(aged 76)
225:
221:
220:
211:
209:3 January 1763
200:
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187:
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182:
174:
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163:15 August 1802
161:
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108:15 August 1802
106:
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101:
96:
92:
91:
84:
76:
75:
71:Peer of France
53:
52:
49:
35:
26:
24:
18:Cardinal Fesch
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4789:
4786:
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4779:
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4763:Faesch family
4761:
4759:
4756:
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4751:
4749:
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4708:
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4686:
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4674:
4670:
4659:
4658:vassal states
4653:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Joachim Murat
4619:
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4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
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4468:Sans-culottes
4464:
4460:
4457:
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4455:
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4447:
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4439:Metric system
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4285:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4238:Panthéon Club
4236:
4234:
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4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
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4208:
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4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4127:Joachim Murat
4125:
4123:
4120:
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4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
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4000:
3997:
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3990:
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3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Gilbert Romme
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
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3739:
3737:
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3729:
3727:
3726:de Cambacérès
3724:
3722:
3719:
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3710:
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3701:
3699:
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3654:
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3649:
3645:
3643:
3642:Madame Roland
3640:
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3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
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3605:
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3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:André Chénier
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Grace Elliott
3532:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
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3425:
3423:
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3377:
3371:
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3333:
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3322:
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3308:
3306:
3303:
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3290:
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3279:
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3268:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3255:
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3250:
3247:
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3219:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Joseph Souham
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Joachim Murat
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3018:André Masséna
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
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2911:
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2899:
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2889:
2886:
2884:
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2879:
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2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
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2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2789:(25 Jun 1802)
2787:
2784:
2781:(25 Mar 1802)
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2757:
2754:(18 Mar 1801)
2752:
2749:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2712:
2709:(15 Jun 1800)
2707:
2704:
2701:(14 Jun 1800)
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2675:
2672:(15 Aug 1799)
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2635:
2632:(25 Mar 1799)
2630:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2613:Siege of Acre
2611:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2584:Peasants' War
2582:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2534:(17 Oct 1797)
2532:
2529:
2526:(18 Apr 1797)
2524:
2521:
2518:(17 Apr 1797)
2516:
2513:
2510:(25 Jan 1797)
2508:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2494:(13 Jan 1797)
2492:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2433:(26 Oct 1796)
2431:
2428:
2425:(19 Oct 1796)
2423:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2393:(24 Aug 1796)
2391:
2388:
2385:(11 Aug 1796)
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2367:
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2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2288:(26 Jun 1794)
2286:
2283:
2278:
2275:
2272:(22 May 1794)
2270:
2267:
2264:(18 May 1794)
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2247:(24 Apr 1794)
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2213:(13 Oct 1793)
2211:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2159:(23 May 1793)
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2030:(24 Dec 1799)
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4641:Joseph Fesch
4640:
4475:Phrygian cap
4420:Bastille Day
4334:Thomas Paine
4289:Edmund Burke
4284:Beaumarchais
4278:Les Lumières
4276:
4117:Joseph Fesch
4116:
4029:Pauline LĂ©on
3999:Jacques Roux
3938:
3522:
2948:Lazare Hoche
2933:Paul Grenier
2903:Louis Desaix
2762:(8 Jul 1801)
2746:(9 Feb 1801)
2717:(3 Dec 1800)
2640:(5 Apr 1799)
2441:(6 Nov 1796)
2417:(8 Sep 1796)
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2301:(2 Oct 1794)
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1968:(4 Sep 1797)
1905:(1 Apr 1795)
1875:White Terror
1868:guillotined
1845:(5 Apr 1794)
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1772:(2 Jun 1793)
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878:
869:Annunciation
868:
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840:Fra Angelico
836:
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720:Michelangelo
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691:Quattrocento
684:
667:coat of arms
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639:Hundred Days
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599:Papal States
592:
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572:grand cordon
571:
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357:Papal States
306:
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264:Coat of arms
254:Denomination
238:Papal States
229:(1839-05-13)
160:Consecration
130:in commendam
128:
74:Roman Prince
50:Joseph Fesch
37:His Eminence
29:
4728:1839 deaths
4723:1763 births
4695:Catholicism
4344:Abbé Sieyès
4329:Montesquieu
4245:Social Club
4187:Jean Chouan
4077:Louis XVIII
3854:Roger Ducos
3824:Paul Barras
3791:Montagnards
3721:Abbé Sieyès
3524:monarchiens
3332:Netherlands
3261:(Hungarian)
3209:(Hungarian)
3125:French Navy
3051: [
2973:Jean Lannes
2830:French Army
2608:(1798–1802)
2579:(1798–1800)
2563:(1798–1801)
2293:Chouannerie
2254:(Pyrenees)
2119: [
2086:Chouannerie
1878:(Fall 1794)
1866:Robespierre
1016:29 November
695:Musée Fesch
521:18 Brumaire
516:coup d'Ă©tat
392:Napoleon II
321:coup d'Ă©tat
298:Musée Fesch
244:Nationality
227:13 May 1839
133:(1822–1839)
116:13 May 1839
4717:Categories
4233:Cordeliers
4147:Talleyrand
4072:Louis XVII
3934:HĂ©bertists
3688:Jean Debry
3518:Feuillants
3147:Opposition
3043:Michel Ney
2465:(Dec 1796)
2073:Thionville
1976:(Dec 1797)
1949:(May 1796)
1941:5 Oct 1795
1918:Directoire
1798:(painting)
1701:(Sep 1792)
1685:(Jun 1792)
1518:Great Fear
1457:(Jan 1789)
1348:Revolution
1128:References
820:Bramantino
812:, Toronto.
774:The Larder
699:Botticelli
560:Notre Dame
446:patriciate
205:1763-01-03
152:Ordination
113:Term ended
4683:Biography
4067:Louis XVI
4062:Charles X
3713:The Plain
3624:Girondins
3564:Lafayette
3225:(Walloon)
3207:Pál Kray
3183:(Walloon)
2725:(1800–02)
2576:Quasi-War
2035:Consulate
1921:(1795–99)
1376:Consulate
1369:Directory
1080:NGA Fesch
995:Compare:
842:, in the
806:Rembrandt
750:Giorgione
531:with the
529:Concordat
452:in 1562.
409:Biography
335:in 1805,
105:Installed
4427:Panthéon
4415:Muscadin
4410:Marianne
4349:Voltaire
4228:Jacobins
4221:Factions
3761:Mirabeau
3217:(French)
2111:Jemappes
2095:Dauphiné
1578:Nobility
1390:Journals
1383:Glossary
1362:Republic
1334:Timeline
1271:Archived
1083:Archived
1051:Archived
966:See also
871:, and a
758:Nativity
635:Bourbons
533:Holy See
325:Holy See
307:Born in
294:cardinal
180:Pius VII
165:by
57:Cardinal
4669:Portals
4553:of the
4309:Diderot
4055:Figures
3940:Enragés
3646:Father
3357:Prussia
3289:Britain
3238:(Saxon)
3196:(Swiss)
3163:Austria
1263:. 1920.
1145::
1034:Goyau,
938:Honours
873:Hobbema
790:Raphael
673:). The
619:diocese
611:Bavaria
582:, then
574:of the
491:Ajaccio
427:Corsica
423:Ajaccio
351:), and
329:senator
309:Corsica
302:Ajaccio
213:Ajaccio
4707:France
4048:Others
3387:Russia
2821:France
2486:(1797)
2356:(1796)
2091:Vendée
2068:Verdun
1895:1795–6
1838:Danton
1397:Museum
1327:Causes
1139:
1007:
961:(1805)
954:(1802)
915:, MMA.
854:Greuze
707:Titian
675:Faesch
623:Savona
595:Vienna
503:Toulon
458:Nobile
431:Faesch
248:French
147:Orders
89:, 1806
4505:Films
3422:Spain
3055:]
2123:]
2116:Namur
2101:Lille
2078:Valmy
983:Notes
625:, to
564:Paris
443:Basel
435:Swiss
333:count
317:Basel
3937:and
3521:and
2771:1802
2735:1801
2690:1800
2597:1799
2544:1798
2475:1797
2345:1796
2319:1795
2236:1794
2133:1793
2060:1792
2004:1799
1985:1798
1958:1797
1840:and
1831:1794
1726:1793
1659:1792
1608:1791
1562:1790
1445:1789
1418:1788
1018:2014
1005:ISBN
829:, a
772:and
643:Lyon
548:Rome
433:, a
399:Rome
331:and
292:and
234:Rome
224:Died
199:Born
186:Rank
155:1787
99:Lyon
3297:Sir
1277:at
1154:".
776:by
768:by
760:by
519:of
425:in
300:in
178:by
95:See
4719::
3053:fr
2121:fr
1257:.
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4671::
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875:.
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207:)
203:(
20:)
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