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The operation started in late
November 1942. About ten truckloads a week went to the border and back in the dark of night, mostly with headlights off. By mid-January, the network had been infiltrated by Norwegian collaborators and had to be shut down. The Pettersens made a successful dash for the
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Although this was the largest rescue operation in Norway during World War II, it was virtually unknown for decades. In order to maintain operational security, the refugees were not aware that they were part of a larger scheme, and their rescuers' identities were kept secret in any event.
63:. Some Jews had fled Norway to Sweden earlier in the war, but most had stayed in their homes until October 26, 1942. At that point, most men were arrested and detained in prison camps, while women and children were ordered to report to the nearest police station on a daily basis.
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had maintained a network of escape routes to Sweden, they were unprepared to deal with the urgent plight of Jews who faced deportation. In addition, simultaneously with the arrest and deportation of Jews in 1942, the
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managed the operation. Altogether about 1,000 refugees were moved to safety, of whom approximately 500 were Jewish. The name Carl
Fredriksens Transport was based on the original name of the exiled Norwegian king
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Carl
Fredriksens Transport (named after Norway's King Haakon VII whose real name was Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) came into being when four Jewish Norwegians appeared on the doorstep of
147:. Children were often sedated. Gerd Pettersen forged bills of lading and other necessary documents. Sivorg's network along the route would monitor German or border police patrols.
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The route varied somewhat, but would typically end up near
Orderudseter, just a few hundred yards short of the Swedish border. The refugees would walk this last distance.
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border in a sedan, breaking the axle just as they crossed into Sweden. Rolf
Syversen stayed in Oslo, but was arrested for an unrelated matter in June. He was executed at
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launched an offensive to identify and apprehend members of the
Norwegian resistance. This put pressure both on the viability and capacity of existing escape routes.
179:, a historian who specialized in the stream of refugees from Norway to Sweden, uncovered the most important features during an interview with Alf Tollef Pettersen.
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491:"Det andre er at hun navngir to personer i dette firmaet, blant annet Reidar Larsen. I ettertid oppdaget Marte Michelet at hun har analysert feil Reidar Larsen."
511:
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In
September 2010, a commemorative plaque and cast-iron truck were unveiled at the turn-off to the private road that went to the Swedish border. Filmmaker
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What started with a few nighttime drives turned into a large-scale operation. The group accepted all refugees, but charged those who could afford it 180
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through a series of steps, starting with registration, then confiscation, internment and concentration, and ultimately deportation of Jews, primarily to
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regime. Pettersen had been hired to manage transportation and was intimately familiar with the roads from Oslo to the border to Sweden through
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put its clandestine network and financial resources behind it. Pettersen, his wife Gerd, Syversen, and the resistance leader
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is creating a public space at the site of
Syversen's nursery he is calling "This is a Good Place" (Dette er et fint sted).
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mentioned a "Reidar Larsen" in her book; in 2021 she apologised for having made analyses of a
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has continued the research started by
Ulstein and interviewed Gerd Pettersen before she died.
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The last leg of the route followed this road the last few hundred meters to the border
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https://www.vg.no/rampelys/bok/i/0Ko3qE/marte-michelet-beklager-deler-av-omstridt-bok
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336:"The rescue of approximately 1000 Jews in Norway during the Second World War"
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278:(in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Det norske samlaget. pp. 239–250.
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A bicycle ride, named after the operation, takes place in mid-August from
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in Oslo, refugees were loaded on the backs of trucks, and covered by a
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338:. New Haven: Yale University, Genocide Studies Program. Archived from
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The nursery has since been demolished, but the location is at
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Norway's
Response to the Holocaust: A Historical Perspective
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is working to create a movie about the operation, historian
438:(in Norwegian) (2nd ed.). Oslo: Det norske samlaget.
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After having found their way to Syversen's nursery near
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The Nazi regime in Norway implemented its part of the
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at Oslo Jewish Museum is writing a book, and artist
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92:, asking for help. Through one of the leaders of
20:View into Sweden from the route's border crossing
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119:. In time, the Norwegian resistance group
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39:and other persecuted Norwegians escape
461:"Gartner hedres med minnepark i Oslo"
7:
33:occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany
512:Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
242:"Sterkt møte med en ukjent fortid"
14:
306:"Planlegger film om krigsdrama"
240:Lundgaard, Hilde (2008-12-30).
370:. Holocaust Library. pp.
1:
459:Brekke, Ingrid (2010-04-22).
304:Brekke, Ingrid (2010-06-26).
73:Norwegian resistance movement
47:, and murder in death camps.
31:for an operation during the
364:Abrahamsen, Samuel (1991).
533:
25:Carl Fredriksens Transport
343:(Microsoft Word document)
517:The Holocaust and Sweden
434:Ulstein, Ragnar (2006).
334:Ragnar, Ulstein (1985).
507:The Holocaust in Norway
413:59.927343°N 10.781391°E
132:, who was Carl, son of
463:(in Norwegian). Oslo:
308:(in Norwegian). Oslo:
244:(in Norwegian). Oslo:
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21:
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100:, Syversen contacted
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418:59.927343; 10.781391
102:Alf Tollef Pettersen
67:The escape operation
409: /
221:of Reidar Larsen.
181:Oslo Jewish Museum
166:in November 1944.
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141:Carl Berners plass
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445:978-82-521-6988-1
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345:on 17 April 2009
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276:Svensketrafikken
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90:Rolf A. Syversen
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272:Ulstein, Ragnar
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188:Robert Murphree
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436:Jødar på flukt
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215:Marte Michelet
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471:on 2010-04-25
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381:0-89604-117-4
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316:on 2010-06-29
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252:on 2008-12-31
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170:Commemoration
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164:Trandumskogen
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125:Reidar Larsen
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465:Aftenposten
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349:31 December
310:Aftenposten
256:31 December
246:Aftenposten
219:name-fellow
196:Victor Lind
45:deportation
41:persecution
501:Categories
475:2010-08-17
404:10°46′53″E
401:59°55′38″N
320:2010-07-13
225:References
130:Haakon VII
51:Background
209:Aftermath
61:Auschwitz
57:Holocaust
29:code name
274:(1977).
213:In 2018
106:Quisling
98:Ole Berg
35:to help
27:was the
203:Fetsund
134:Fredrik
110:Østfold
86:nursery
78:Gestapo
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121:Sivorg
117:kroner
94:Milorg
88:owner
440:ISBN
376:ISBN
351:2008
280:ISBN
258:2008
145:tarp
37:Jews
112:.
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372:20
294:^
232:^
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