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589:. His former command, the 12th Armored Division was assigned to Patch's Seventh Army. Brewer asked Devers if as a colonel he could command the newly formed 46th Group Heavy Army Artillery assigned to the Seventh Army, commanded by Patch who had been in the same graduating class at West Point and with whom he served under Jacob Devers with the 9th Infantry Division. The 46th Field Artillery Group under Col. Brewer began its combat operations in January 1945 in the
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battery had adjusted on, or on a target that the division commander had designated, in a matter of minutes. One big advantage of this central fire control is that a few specialists can perform the necessary technical operations for the entire battalion. As a result of this development, the division commanders were generally well pleased with the artillery support in World War II.
505:, NC from August 1940 to February 1942. On 26 June 1941, he was promoted to the temporary rank of colonel Brewer planned and implemented the triangular division organization for the 9th Infantry Division consisting of 3 infantry regiments and 4 artillery battalions, constituting 9,000 soldiers, with an additional 5,000 draftees completing the ranks, beginning in 1941.
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Area
Command in Germany from 1946 to 1947. From 1947 to 1950, he was Professor of Military Science & Tactics at Ohio State University where he ran the ROTC Program. He retired from the military in 1950, but continued working for the Ohio State Research Foundation from 1950 to 1960 as a consultant
568:
Brewer had missed combat duty during World War I because he had been on the faculty teaching at West Point and was not enamored with having a non-combat command again. He requested termination of his rank of major general and permanent reversion to the rank of colonel, then he wrote to Devers who had
460:
During his period as
Director of the Department of Gunnery, developed the technique of fire direction with a central fire direction center in the battalion which proved very effective in World War II. This procedure permitted the massing of fire of all the divisional artillery on a target that one
455:
during the 1930s under the leadership of its
Director of Gunnery, Carlos Brewer and his instructors, who abandoned massing fire by a described terrain feature or grid coordinate reference. They introduced a firing chart, adopted the practice of locating battery positions by survey, and designated
444:(1927–1928). He went back to the Field Artillery School in 1928 and taught in the Gunnery Department, becoming the Director of the department. His immediate predecessor as head of the Department of Gunnery, who was also an instructor when Brewer took advanced coursework there, was
665:
He married Grace Moore (1891–1956) on 20 December 1913. They had four children: Carlos Jr., Sherman (Ted), Robert (Bob), and Grace
Elizabeth (Betty) Brewer Schulten. After the death of his first wife from tuberculosis in 1956, he married Mary Taylor Williams in 1959.
555:
had requested that only commanders of divisions younger than 50 years old be sent to command soldiers in the
European Theater of Operations, and Brewer was 53 years old at the time. Brewer was replaced as Commanding General of the 12th Armored Division by
512:. On 7 August 1942, he was promoted to temporary major general, and assumed command of the new 12th Armored Division on 19 August 1942, which was activated at Camp Campbell, Kentucky, on 2 September 1942. He oversaw their training through the
246:. After training the 12th Armored Division, he was not permitted to command the division in combat due to his age, so he requested his rank be reverted from major general to Colonel so that he could become an artillery officer in the
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been his instructor at Field
Artillery School, whom he replaced as its director, and for whom he served as Chief of Staff with the 9th Infantry Division. Devers was by now in command of the newly formed
1168:
Brewer, Carlos "Recommendations for
Changes in Gunnery Instruction and Battalion Organization," June 2, 1932, Field Artillery School Archives, Morris Swett Technical Library, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, 1.316
527:
Despite the 12th
Armored Division receiving excellent ratings in its final evaluation of readiness for combat service, Brewer was relieved of command and assigned to training replacement troops at
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477:, the largest field artillery unit in the Army at the time. On 1 August 1935 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. In 1939, he was assigned to command the 25th Field Artillery Battalion at
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Biographical register of the officers and graduates of the U.S. Military
Academy at West Point, N.Y., from its establishment, in 1802 : [Supplement, volume VIII 1930–1940
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targets with reference to the base point on the chart. In the spring of 1931, the
Gunnery Department successfully demonstrated massing battalion fire using this method.
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He also was an avid chess player, and was one of twenty players at West Point who played simultaneous games against nine-year old Polish chess prodigy
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in 1934 with a superior rating. While his wife was convalescing due to tuberculosis, he became head of the Military Science Department of the
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899:. R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company, The Lakeside Press Chicago, Illinois, and Crawfodsville, Indiana. p. 261.
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417:. From August 1916 through 1921, he taught in the Department of Mathematics at the USMA, missing out combat during
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in 1909, graduating 15th in his class in 1913. Many of the graduates of the West Point Class of 1913 later became
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in 1920. Reshevsky won 19 of the 20 games, including the game against Brewer, which lasted just under two hours.
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On 16 February 1942, Brewer was promoted to temporary brigadier general and given command of a unit of the
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1180:"Bracketing the Enemy: Forward Observers and Combined Arms Effectiveness During The Second World War"
1080:. Vol. 33, no. 1. Springfield, Ill. The Portal to Texas History. September 1978. p. 18
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954:"History of the US Army Field Artillery School from birth to the eve of World War II: Part I of II"
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organization that was adopted during World War II. After 2 months of courses at the
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At West Point, he was on the polo team, was an expert marksman, and was on the
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and, from 1921 through to 1924, he went to the 8th Field Artillery in Hawaii.
867:. Vol. 31, no. 3, Ed. 1. (Kirkland, Wash.): Hellcat News. p. 5
497:, he served as Assistant, then Chief of Staff (G-3) for the newly activated
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Ph.D. Dissertation, Kent State University, August 2009, p. 67 et. seq.
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The Artillery School's most innovative work came with the creation of the
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The Field Artillery Journal, vol. XXI, no. 4: 345–53, July–August 1931
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Upon graduation from West Point in 1913, Brewer was commissioned as a
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1173:"General Lesley J. McNair: Little-Known Architect of the U.S. Army"
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Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. of History, University of Kansas, 2012
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when the Germans surrendered on 8 May 1945, which brought the
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United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
1001:"Biography of Major General Carlos Brewer (1890−1976), USA"
961:
Fires. A Joint Publication for U.S. Artillery Professionals
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1117:"Burial Detail: Brewer, Carlos (Section 30, Grave 876)"
405:, serving along the Texas border until 1916 during the
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Mountains, providing heavy artillery support for the
581:, under Lieutenant General Alexander Patch, and the
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United States Army Command and General Staff College
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1123:. Arlington National Cemetery. (Official website).
254:targeting used in World War II, and implemented
1027:. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 143–.
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865:"Memorial Service for Maj. Gen Carlos Brewer"
428:Brewer studied at the Advanced Course at the
274:Carlos Brewer was born on 5 December 1890 in
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658:The grave of Major General Carlos Brewer at
234:(5 December 1890 – 29 September 1976) was a
1300:United States Army generals of World War II
1295:United States Army personnel of World War I
646:on classified military research contracts.
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1021:Wheeler, James Scott (21 September 2015).
481:, NY. In 1941, he was then transferred to
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1105:. H. Cassell and H. Helms. pp. 169–.
816:12th Armored Division History Book Vol. 1
430:United States Army Field Artillery School
1212:Commanding General 12th Armored Division
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637:under the command of Lieutenant General
1099:Hartwig Cassell; Hermann Helms (1920).
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377:After graduation, Brewer went onto the
1320:United States Military Academy faculty
1270:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1265:Military personnel from Columbus, Ohio
575:Allied invasion in the south of France
278:and attended West Kentucky College in
16:United States Army general (1890–1976)
1315:United States Army War College alumni
1275:United States Military Academy alumni
1191:United States Army Officers 1939−1945
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256:triangular organization of divisions
1260:People from Graves County, Kentucky
1053:West Point Association of Graduates
932:West Point Association of Graduates
970:from the original on 14 April 2016
893:Cullum, George Washington (1940).
699:Major General Brewer's ribbon bar
409:. In March 1916, he went with the
250:(ETO). He innovated the method of
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1285:Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1024:Jacob L. Devers: A General's Life
1255:Military personnel from Kentucky
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781:Sixth United States Army Group
571:Sixth United States Army Group
421:. In 1920, he was promoted to
284:United States Military Academy
248:European Theater of Operations
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1290:Ohio State University faculty
1074:"Major General Carlos Brewer"
623:end of World War II in Europe
597:, commanded by Major General
185:25th Field Artillery Regiment
1206:Newly activated organization
487:7th Field Artillery Regiment
189:7th Field Artillery Regiment
1305:United States Army generals
685:Arlington National Cemetery
660:Arlington National Cemetery
539:, informed Brewer that the
82:Arlington National Cemetery
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786:Seventh United States Army
587:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
465:Brewer graduated from the
238:officer who commanded the
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1049:"Douglass T. Greene 1913"
828:Turner Publishing Company
577:, which consisted of the
489:, where he developed the
352:Robert H. Van Volkenburgh
30:
1310:Naval War College alumni
1186:Generals of World War II
813:Bradstreet, Ken (1987).
617:. Their combat ended at
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537:U.S. Army Chief of Staff
397:and was assigned to the
1102:American Chess Bulletin
308:Willis D. Crittenberger
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379:Field Artillery Branch
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174:Field Artillery Branch
1163:"Flash-Sound Ranging"
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633:Brewer served in the
499:9th Infantry Division
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270:At West Point in 1913
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240:12th Armored Division
193:12th Armored Division
132:Years of service
1135:"Brewer, Carlos, MG"
928:"Carlos Brewer 1913"
553:Dwight D. Eisenhower
510:6th Armored Division
485:, GA to command the
360:William A. McCulloch
344:John E. McMahon, Jr.
288:West Point, New York
689:Arlington, Virginia
609:river, through the
564:World War II combat
531:, Georgia. General
514:Tennessee Maneuvers
491:triangular division
411:4th Field Artillery
399:3rd Field Artillery
364:Francis K. Newcomer
348:Richard U. Nicholas
282:, until he entered
1222:Douglass T. Greene
1139:Together We Served
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558:Douglass T. Greene
533:George C. Marshall
434:Ft. Sill, Oklahoma
407:Mexican Revolution
383:United States Army
368:Lunsford E. Oliver
324:Robert L. Spragins
320:William R. Schmidt
312:Charles H. Corlett
300:Douglass T. Greene
280:Mayfield, Kentucky
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126:United States Army
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1219:Succeeded by
1199:Military offices
1171:Calhoun, Mark T.
1034:978-0-8131-6603-2
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629:Post-World War II
583:First French Army
579:U.S. Seventh Army
495:Naval War College
475:Purdue University
415:Panama Canal Zone
395:second lieutenant
356:Robert M. Perkins
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1005:generals.dk
585:under Gen.
473:Program at
419:World War I
221:Bronze Star
203:World War I
1234:Categories
1216:1942–1944
792:References
671:broadsword
643:Heidelberg
551:, General
503:Fort Bragg
286:(USMA) at
262:Early life
94:Allegiance
46:1890-12-05
613:and into
135:1913–1950
1144:28 March
1084:28 March
1058:28 March
974:28 March
965:Archived
963:: 7–11.
937:28 March
871:28 March
843:25 March
765:See also
619:Garmisch
595:VI Corps
180:Commands
112:Service/
86:Virginia
824:Paducah
615:Bavaria
543:of the
520:, near
413:to the
381:of the
242:during
1031:
834:
695:Awards
673:team.
591:Vosges
535:, the
213:Awards
160:0-3539
123:
114:branch
103:
77:Buried
968:(PDF)
957:(PDF)
820:(PDF)
687:, in
607:Rhine
423:major
1146:2016
1086:2016
1060:2016
1029:ISBN
976:2016
939:2016
873:2016
845:2016
832:ISBN
471:ROTC
370:and
165:Unit
140:Rank
60:Died
40:Born
547:in
440:at
432:at
401:at
1236::
1137:.
1119:.
1076:.
1051:.
1013:^
1003:.
984:^
959:.
930:.
905:^
881:^
853:^
822:.
799:^
691:.
625:.
385:.
374:.
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
326:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
298:,
258:.
84:,
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1088:.
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978:.
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48:)
44:(
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