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left ski and one right ski. The inside and outside lines of the ski were different, being "asymmetric" to compensate for the shorter distance the inside ski had to cover compared to the longer one for the outside ski. These skis exhibited amazing carving speed in giant slalom when used properly. A couple of years later, Atomic copied the concept and created their own ski called "Differential". Although these skis would still win races today, they were not used to their full potential as nobody used them as they should be.
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previous standard for slalom skis and a tight, 15–m turning radius. It took eight of the top ten places in its initial racing, allowing skiers to stand with a stronger straighter leg and make the desired carve. In the US, ski instructors found that students could easily make parallel turns that would otherwise take considerable practice and training. The company put the ski on the market in 1993 as the
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parallel turns. Carving maintains the skis efficiently turning along the direction of travel as opposed to skidding at an angle across the direction of travel. For a given velocity, carving with shaped skis typically requires less effort than stemming or parallel and offers increased speed and control in even steep descents and highly energetic turns, making it ubiquitous in racing.
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unnecessarily heavy tips and tails. Increasing widths held snow contact constant as lengths and turn radius plummeted. The necessary tip and tail mass as well as carved edge contact made 180 cm skis as stable as straight skis 20% longer. Design challenges such as engineering increased stiffness to keep wide tips from bending over bumps and in deeps continued to be met as
445:. This indicates that only the edge of the board made contact with the snow, and no skidding took place during the turn. The rider is using pressure, twist and tilt to get only the side of the board into the snow. Then engaging the sidecut edge which determines the carved turn shape. This type of turn causes the board to bend and store a large amount of
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carving and skidding, varying the ratio between the two when rapid control over the turn or speed is required. Pure carving is a useful technique on "groomers" – slopes of moderate steepness with smooth snow – with skis dedicated to this style. Other situations remain almost pure parallel
Christie technique, such as competitive
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the slope, as opposed to a path straight down, reduces the skier's speed. The skier wishing to go slower must wait a little longer before initiating the next C-turn, making the "C" longer. This will lead the skier to ski more across the slope (in extremes uphill), reducing the average path slope angle.
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The ski is made with a side-cut radius. This is the radius of a circle that would fit into the shape of the edge of the ski if viewed in plan-view. This is approximately the maximum radius of turn that can be cleanly carved. Expertly used skis are capable of carving clean circular arc segments whose
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took multiple wins. The market shifted dramatically, with "old" skis piling up, unsalable even in clearance racks.1996 was also the year when Skis
Lacroix presented the first Parabolic ski in France, called "Morpho". Designed by J.B. and H.M., it was based on an asymmetric construction, featuring one
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during the turn. Allowing this potential energy to be released and then used to propel the boarder into the next turn. The act requires the snowboarding skills of twist, tilt, and pressure to engage the edge into the snow and start the turn. No pivoting should be involved while the edge of the board
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Unlike a skidding turn, which primarily uses the skidding effect to reduce speed (hence the "Z"-path), a (perfect) carved turn does not lose any speed because there is no braking action in the turns. Rather, the reduction of the average path slope angle resulting from the skier's S-shaped path down
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Kneissl, struggling in bankruptcy released a radical 19–mm sidecut ski for a radius of 14 m. In tests, Elan found that its skis substantially boosted skier capability. Engineers experimented and were funded at Atomic, Blizzard and others. With cuts of 20 mm, short skis were a necessity to avoid
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engineers Jurij Franko and Pavel Skofic experimentally adjusted sidecut and developed a physical model—desired radius, speed, forces and lean one could generate, and bend the ski to solve for this combination. By 1991 they released a ski with a sidecut that was, at 22.25 mm, three times that of
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Prior to the introduction of "shaped skis" in the 1990s, the technique was not simple to learn. Since then, it has become accessible and carving is commonly taught as a form of parallel skiing alongside the classic parallel "brushed" technique. Modern downhill technique is generally a combination of
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to the inside of the turn. This is like a cyclist leaning to the inside of a turn to avoid being thrown off of their bicycle. Beginners to the sport are often hesitant to angulate into these turns, as they feel that such an action will cause them to fall. Ski instructors therefore teach new skiers
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with their incredibly successful cap or “monocoque” design). The expense of competing against the dual innovations of the new carving skis and radical manufacturing innovation such as the cap, and investment in new presses to handle the width of carving skis saw several companies go to the wall,
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Starting a carved turn requires the ski to be rotated onto its edge, which can be accomplished through angulation of the hips and knees applied to both skis, leading them to efficiently carve a naturally parallel turn. Carving turns are generally smoother and longer radius than either stemmed or
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In 1990 Volkl released their metal "Explosiv" with a 10-mm sidecut and 28-m turn radius. K2 introduced a 10mm sidecut race ski, whose improved edging and turning ability became a sought after by consumers. Volant released a 12mm cut ski in 1992, followed by
Dynastar, and K2.
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causes the ski (in the following, snowboard is implicit and not mentioned) to bend into an arc, and the ski naturally follows this arc shape to produce a turning motion. The carve is efficient in allowing the skier to maintain speed because, unlike the older
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Recreational skiing is usually done at speeds in range between 5 m/s and 15 m/s with average turn radius of less than 15 m. Accordingly, sidecuts of modern recreational skis are calculated for turn radius of approximately 7 to 15 m.
498:, the difference between the classic skidding turn and carving is directly illustrated. Carved turns are now often used as a training technique for even the first-time skier, an example of this method can be found in the YouTube video on
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Carving typically involves the skier making a series of "Cs", or half circles, down the hill (with two consecutive "C"s forming an "S"). Skidding turns on the other hand would rather follow a Z-shaped path.
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Skis bend when edged (angling of the ski running base to the snow surface). Combined with sidecut, this creates a curved interface to the snow, and at a turn of that radius, the ski carves, rather than
407:. For example, the most extreme left portion of a turn would be at 9 o'clock and the extreme right is 3 o'clock. The turns are accomplished by utilizing a "rolling" of both skis from edge to edge.
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Elan company thrived combining new manufacturing with “parabolic” ski design. In 1994 K2 launched its K2 Fours: a 22 meter radius 195 cm downhill ski. In 1996
488:. Note that the skier's body rotates along with the turn, and that snow is kicked up, when it is, along the entire length of the ski. In this companion video,
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363:, with all points of the edge of the ski traveling along the same curve on the snow surface. These basic physical facts drive the radical parabolic sidecut.
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approximate minimum radius is proportional to the cosine of the angle of tilt multiplied by the side-cut radius.
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Snowboarder practicing carving on a hard slope, equipped with a boardercross board and hard boots
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Tracks of carved turns in the snow, showing transition from one side of the ski to the other.
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A carved turn is distinguishable by its subsequent "pencil line" mark left in the
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Some instructors teach their students to think of these half circles as a
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A basic explanation of the carving concept can be found in this
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When making a carving turn, a skier is skiing in dynamic
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Parabolic skis are designed to facilitate carved turns.
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491:"Intermediate Ski Lesson #4.1 - Turn Shape"
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675:Glossary of skiing and snowboarding terms
570:. Weekend Warriors Guides. Archived from
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238:onto its edges. When edged, the sidecut
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288:Shaped skis, also called parabolic skis
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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27:Skiing and snowboarding technique
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501:"Teaching the Pure Carved Turn"
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568:"Basics Of The Carved Turn"
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527:"Evolution of ski shape"
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525:Masia, Seth (2005).
481:"Carving Ski Lesson"
370:, so to balance the
54:improve this article
1342:Surfing terminology
803:Olympic disciplines
548:"Physics of Skiing"
529:. skiinghistory.org
460:Glossary of surfing
1134:List of ski brands
906:Ski mountaineering
861:Para-alpine skiing
771:Backcountry skiing
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69:"Carved turn"
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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1284:Surface lift
1262:Gondola lift
1083:Skate skiing
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979:Snowboarding
896:Night skiing
879:Other skiing
866:Speed skiing
851:Glade skiing
815:Giant slalom
759:Recreational
740:Ski marathon
659:snowboarding
609:the original
576:. Retrieved
572:the original
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551:. Retrieved
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531:. Retrieved
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424:Snowboarding
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52:Please help
47:verification
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1279:Hybrid lift
1043:Carved turn
992:Backcountry
901:Ski archery
750:Ski touring
712:Ski jumping
693:Competitive
368:equilibrium
347:Bode Miller
332:/Dynastar,
224:carved turn
154:Carved turn
1331:Categories
1240:detachable
1207:Snowmaking
1197:Ski tunnel
1073:Ski school
1063:Snowplough
1058:Pivot turn
1017:Slopestyle
1002:Freeriding
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959:Ski ballet
944:Freeskiing
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856:Heliskiing
717:Ski flying
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578:2009-01-15
553:2009-01-15
533:2009-01-15
466:References
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146:techniques
80:newspapers
18:Carve turn
1247:Funicular
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617:"Carving"
605:"Carving"
597:"Carving"
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236:snowboard
159:Jump turn
1272:tricable
1192:Ski area
1099:Bindings
886:Biathlon
830:Combined
825:Downhill
454:See also
354:Dynamics
303:Elan SCX
240:geometry
110:May 2021
1267:bicable
1257:Funitel
1252:Funifor
1114:Monoski
997:Big air
934:Big air
820:Super-G
506:YouTube
496:YouTube
486:YouTube
338:Salomon
322:Fischer
267:History
94:scholar
1161:Resort
1109:Helmet
987:Alpine
810:Slalom
655:Skiing
318:Atomic
316:Some (
228:skiing
144:Skiing
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1212:Trail
1187:Piste
1124:Skins
1119:Poles
1104:Boots
954:Mogul
411:Speed
405:clock
361:skids
226:is a
101:JSTOR
87:books
1146:Suit
1129:Skis
657:and
443:snow
387:Path
326:Head
324:and
298:Elan
247:and
230:and
73:news
1151:Wax
504:on
494:on
484:on
56:by
1333::
513:^
334:K2
320:,
305:.
222:A
647:e
640:t
633:v
619:.
599:.
581:.
556:.
536:.
508:.
211:e
204:t
197:v
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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