242:, its nearby history as a meeting place with three henges, as well as with "the presumed pre-Roman tribal capital at Clifton Dykes", may have been the settlement focus of the Carvetii, at least before the Roman military campaigns in the AD 70s. Indeed, this might account for the building of the Roman fort at Brocavum. Rivet and Smith suggest that the name 'Carvetii' may refer to the British word 'carvos', meaning 'deer' or 'stag', and that this could have associations with the horned god Belatucadrus mentioned above.
31:
285:
tribes; that there is no certain interpretation of the three inscriptions; that there is no written evidence of
Venutius being of the Carvetii; and that the archaeological evidence and the persistence of the name 'Luguvalos' at what was to become 'Carlisle', may point to the Carvetii being a pro-Roman tribe based in the Solway Plain with a centre at Carlisle, while Venutius may have led an anti-Roman, non-Carvetiian, tribe elsewhere, probably in the upper-Eden valley south of Penrith.
297:
229:), the only walled town known in the region. Higham and Jones suggest, given the location of the inscriptions, and given that the best land in the area was nearby, and also given the existence of a large (7 acres, 3 ha.) enclosed settlement site a couple of miles south-east of Penrith in the Eden Valley, that
284:
Ross, however, challenges these assumptions. She argues that the very notion of 'tribe', in the sense of a geographically-defined unit, probably did not exist in the north; that there is no evidence either of the
Brigantes holding power over the northern 'tribes', or of a Brigantian 'confederacy' of
233:
was the "logical location for the 'caput
Carvetiorum' " ('the centre of the Carvetii'). In other words, despite the later importance of Carlisle as the centre of activity once the Romans had invaded (and the likely place where tribal councils would take place), the Eden Valley "was the heartland of
210:
in
Cumbria, both also near Penrith. Higham and Jones, in 1985, suggested that the combination of the first two inscriptions mentioned above "allows us to infer the existence of the 'civitas Carvetiorum', or canton of the Carvetii, and the existence of its own council or governing body."
249:, on the north side of the River Eden, was one component of what was to become Carlisle. The other seems to have been a major settlement of people south of the river, with an Agricolan fort (A.D.78-79), re-built in the second century, roughly where the present
281:, in his campaign in the early 70s, stretched away from Stanwick, across the Stainmore Pass towards the Eden Valley, suggesting that the Carvetii were the "centre of Venutius' power base and the prime objective of the ... campaigns".
198:, nor in any other classical text, and are known only from three Roman (third and fourth century AD) inscriptions, one of which is now lost. One was in Old Penrith, (the Voreda Roman fort) north of the present
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and later (69 A.D.) an important
British resistance leader in the 1st century, may have been a Carvetian. The series of marching camps set up by the Roman governor
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now is. A stone fort was built on the site around 200 A.D. The excavations in the
Blackfriars and Lanes areas indicate a substantial
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Edwards, B.J.N. & Shotter, David C.A. (2005). "Two Roman milestones from the
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Transactions of the
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the area concerned." The
Brougham area, with its seeming importance in the cult of
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confederation, and some, including Higham and Jones, have speculated that
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503:. Peoples of Roman Britain. Stroud: Alan Sutton. pp. ix, 158.
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Ross, Catherine (2012). "The Carvetii – a pro-Roman community?".
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The capital of the Carvetii is presumed to have been
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563:"Ethnozoonymes indo-européens"
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567:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
149:those who belong to the deer
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579:10.3406/dha.1991.1932
311:List of Celtic tribes
186:Evidence of existence
206:), and the other at
131:is related to Welsh
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182:and south Cumbria.
245:The Roman fort at
178:may have occupied
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376:, p. 9.
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115:(canton) of
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836:Trinovantes
573:(2): 9–55.
275:Cartimandua
169:Lune Valley
127:The suffix
878:Categories
831:Textoverdi
821:Suessiones
751:Durotriges
710:(Northern)
675:Carnonacae
510:0862990882
222:Luguvalium
208:Langwathby
143:('deer').
139:and Irish
56:Luguvalium
846:Venicones
786:Ordovices
771:Lopocares
731:Deceangli
708:Cornovii
702:(Central)
700:Cornovii
665:Caledonii
655:Brigantes
645:Atrebates
545:: 55–68.
486:: 79–87.
461:Ross 2012
449:Ross 2012
437:Ross 2012
347:Ross 2012
322:Citations
267:Brigantes
240:Stainmore
196:Geography
135:, Breton
123:Etymology
101:) were a
38:Geography
862:Part of:
851:Votadini
841:Vacomagi
806:Setantii
801:Selgovae
781:Novantae
746:Dumnonii
726:Decantae
721:Damnonii
690:Coritani
680:Carvetii
670:Cantiaci
594:Carvetii
561:(1991).
289:See also
271:Venutius
227:Carlisle
204:Brocavum
176:Setantii
155:Location
91:Carvetii
81:Venutius
63:Location
52:Carlisle
24:Carvetii
826:Taexali
816:Smertae
811:Silures
741:Dobunni
736:Demetae
716:Creones
660:Caereni
247:Stanwix
200:Penrith
192:Ptolemy
112:civitas
107:Cumbria
99:Carwetī
67:Cumbria
43:Capital
791:Parisi
756:Epidii
650:Belgae
526:
507:
77:Rulers
796:Regni
766:Iceni
541:. 3.
482:. 3.
255:vicus
141:carow
129:carv-
776:Lugi
524:ISBN
505:ISBN
174:The
137:karv
133:carw
89:The
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97:: *
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