766:
730:
742:
230:
754:
66:
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41:
551:) associated with nutmeg hickory. Nutmeg hickory is often found in association with native American campsites, often in close association with several other hickory species. This is especially evident at sites on the banks of the Alabama river near Selma where Nutmeg hickory, bitternut, pignut, and Mockernut are found in close association in mixed groves of hardwood.
1000:
605:
hickories in natural, unmanaged stands in the northeast
Louisiana delta was 4.3 cm (1.7 in) in the 15- to 30-cm (6- to 12-in) diameter class; 3.3 cm (1.3 in) in the 33- to 48-cm (13- to 19-in) diameter class; and 3.8 cm (1.5 in) in the 51- to 71-cm (20- to 28-in) diameter class.
604:
Although the pecan hickories (which include nutmeg hickory) grow more rapidly than the true hickories, specific information on the growth rate of nutmeg hickory is lacking. The pecan hickories, in turn, grow more slowly than most other bottom-land hardwoods. The average 10-year diameter increase for
580:
Seed production starts when the trees are about 30 years old, and optimum seed-bearing age is 50 to 125 years. Good seed crops are produced every 2 to 3 years. As many as 70 liters (2 bu) can be produced by an open-grown tree. Seeds are disseminated by various methods, including squirrels and water.
358:
Nutmeg hickory grows on a variety of loamy, silty, or clayey soils that may be described as moist, but well or moderately well drained and amply supplied with mineral nutrients. The species most often is found in minor stream bottoms, on second bottom flats, and on slopes or bluffs near streams. The
349:
Precipitation within the range of nutmeg hickory varies from 1,020 to 1,400 mm (40 to 55 in) per year, 510 mm (20 in) or more falling during the growing season. The frost-free period of most of the native range is about 240 days. Summers are warm and dry in the western portion of
696:
The nuts of nutmeg hickory are relished by squirrels, which begin cutting them while they are still green. Other rodents and wildlife also eat the nuts. The species is too rare over most of its range to be of major economic importance. The wood of this pecan hickory is slightly inferior in strength
591:
Specific information on the vegetative reproduction of nutmeg hickory is not available. Like other hickories, it probably sprouts readily from small stumps, injured or top-killed seedlings and saplings, and from roots. Large stumps do not readily sprout, hence the larger the stump, the more likely
576:
at the end of the shoot. Flowering occurs from April to May, shortly after the leaves have started to open. Specifies of pollen production, dissemination and pollination are not known. The sweet, edible nut matures from
September to October of the same year and falls between September and December.
615:
Nutmeg hickory is classed as intolerant of shade. It is intolerant as a mature tree, but tolerant in the seedling and sapling stage during which it may survive for a long time in the understory and then respond to release. Any partial cutting system that removes larger, faster-growing competition
705:
Nutmeg hickory is a 32 chromosome species that readily hybridizes with other hickory species and was hybridized with pecan by
Clinton Graves. Traits such as thin husks with suture wings typical of Apocarya combined with leaf, stem, and bud traits typical of Carya place this species intermediate
350:
the range, but warm and wet in the South
Carolina disjuncts. July temperatures average about 27 °C (81 °F). January temperatures average between 7 and 10 °C (45 and 50 °F). Extremes of temperature are −23 to 43 °C (−9 to 109 °F).
611:
Rooting Habit- Nutmeg hickory has a strongly developed taproot, especially on well-drained soil. Seedlings of hickory quickly develop a heavy taproot and fine lateral roots. During the pole stage, a robust, spreading lateral root system is developed.
600:
Nutmeg hickory is a medium-sized tree with a tall, straight trunk and stout, slightly spreading branches that form a narrow and rather open crown. It can attain heights of 24 to 30 m (79 to 98 ft) and a diameter of 61 cm (24 in).
1004:
697:
and toughness to that of the true or upland hickories, but owing to the small volumes involved and difficulty of distinguishing it from the true hickories, nutmeg hickory is not separated from them during logging.
279:
on rich moist soils of higher bottom lands and stream banks. Little is known of the growth rate of nutmeg hickory. Logs and lumber are sold mixed with other hickories. The nuts are an oil-rich food for wildlife.
959:
Halls, Lowell K. 1977. Southern fruit-producing woody plants used by wildlife. USDA Forest
Service, General Technical Report SO-16. Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, LA. 235 p.
941:
Nelson, Thomas C. 1965. Silvical characteristics of the commercial hickories. USDA Forest
Service, Hickory Task Force Report 10. Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC. 16 p.
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608:
Pure stands of nutmeg hickory probably do not exist, and no volume figures are available. Logs and lumber from merchantable nutmeg hickory are sold mixed with other hickories.
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1200:
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885:
1464:
898:
Sargent, Charles
Sprague. 1965. Manual of the trees of North America. vol. 1. Dover, New York. (Reprint of 1926 revision, Houghton Mifflin, New York.) 934 p.
619:
Fire damages hickory of all ages. A light burn kills the tops of seedlings and saplings; a more intense fire wounds larger trees and provides entry for
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753:
950:
Baker, Whiteford L. 1972. Eastern forest insects. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication 1175. Washington, DC. 642 p.
375:
Nutmeg hickory is not an important species in any forest cover type and is only a minor associate in Swamp
Chestnut Oak-Cherrybark Oak (
1484:
932:
Boisen, Anton T., and J. A. Newlin. 1910. The commercial hickories. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Bulletin 80. Washington, DC. 64 p.
1028:
917:
568:
and forms imperfect flowers. Both male and female flowers are found on the current year's growth. The male flowers are long-stalked
875:
Eyre, F. H., ed. 1980. Forest cover types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC. 148 p.
1397:
1187:
741:
1474:
588:. Burial of seeds by squirrels seems to be important, but it is not necessary for the successful establishment of seedlings.
65:
1218:
376:
1015:
1038:"Collaborating in the Coastal Southeast: A Multi-Institution Expedition along the Coasts of North and South Carolina."
684:
No important diseases of hickory other than a number of wood rots have been reported. Bird peck defect, caused by the
681:(Lyctus spp. and Xylobiops basilaris) often cause economic damage to logs and lumber during storage and air-drying.
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838:. In Flora of North America, vol. 3, Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 420-421. Accessed June 2, 2008
272:
620:
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717:
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333:, and in southern Arkansas. Nutmeg hickory has a native range nearly identical with that of Durand Oak (
198:
813:
293:
Nutmeg hickory is the rarest species in the genus, occurring in a few areas scattered in southeastern
229:
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654:(Monellia spp.), feed on the underside of leaves, causing them to curl and drop prematurely. The
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60:
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662:) may seriously prune seedlings and even large trees by girdling the terminal and branches. The
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865:. Agriculture Handbook 271. Washington, DC.: U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp. 119–120.
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321:, and northeastern Mexico. The species is typically found in river bottomlands with
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The seeds of this species germinate from late April to early June. Germination is
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principal soils on which nutmeg hickory is generally found are in the orders
444:
341:). Both may be relics of a more ancient flora than now occupies the region.
310:
1428:
572:, developing at the shoot base. The female flowers are in short spikes on
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1343:
1069:
1032:
images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database
886:"Study explores how past Native American settlement modified WNY forests"
428:
314:
116:
491:). Some common small trees and shrubs occurring with nutmeg hickory are
1376:
1153:
910:
The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region
360:
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159:
139:
1179:
650:) may defoliate individual trees or limbs. Sucking insects, including
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Several insects attack hickory but rarely become epidemic. The
452:
670:) can be troublesome during dry years and periods of stress.
379:
Type 91). Other prominent associates in this type include
971:"Progress in Breeding Pecans for Disease Resistance"
1333:
1059:
814:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T62019640A62019642.en
857:Maisenhelder, Louis C. (1965). "Nutmeg hickory (
1043:website, 31 October 2017. Accessed 21 May 2020.
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
1011:Silvics of North America; volume 2: Hardwoods
861:(Michx. f.) Nutt.)". In H. A. Fowells (ed.).
592:that it will reproduce only by root suckers.
8:
863:Silvics of forest trees of the United States
759:Catkins of male flowers and emerging leaves
688:, is common and serious in nutmeg hickory.
1047:
329:ridges. The species is abundant only near
228:
39:
20:
812:
577:Its ellipsoidal shell is thick and hard.
1480:Crops originating from the United States
781:
713:
677:(Platypus spp. and Xyleborus spp.) and
1041:Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
7:
1465:IUCN Red List least concern species
800:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
596:Sapling and pole stages to maturity
14:
1416:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1182527-2
435:). Less important associates are
1003: This article incorporates
998:
912:. New York: Knopf. p. 351.
764:
752:
740:
728:
716:
64:
1310:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:47809-2
989:"Hickories, C. Myristiciformis"
267:, is found as small, possibly
259:or walnut family, also called
1:
560:Reproduction and early growth
377:Society of American Foresters
1016:United States Forest Service
616:encourages nutmeg hickory.
1501:
908:Little, Elbert L. (1980).
1485:Trees of Northern America
236:
227:
204:
197:
61:Scientific classification
59:
37:
28:
23:
807:: e.T62019640A62019642.
686:yellow-bellied sapsucker
1335:Juglans myristiciformis
836:"Carya myristiciformis"
834:Stone, Donald E. 1997.
706:between the two groups
668:Scolytus quadrispinosus
628:forest tent caterpillar
481:Liriodendron tulipifera
371:Associated forest cover
271:populations across the
190:C. myristiciformis
1005:public domain material
859:Carya myristicaeformis
273:Southern United States
1475:Edible nuts and seeds
1091:Carya myristiciformis
1061:Carya myristiciformis
1030:Carya myristiciformis
793:Carya myristiciformis
648:Diapheromera femorata
521:Hydrangea quercifolia
248:Carya myristiciformis
239:Carya myristiciformis
208:Carya myristiciformis
969:Graves, Clinton Jr.
789:Stritch, L. (2018).
549:Hamamelis virginiana
505:Carpinus caroliniana
354:Soils and topography
265:bitter water hickory
664:hickory bark beetle
660:Oncideres cingulata
632:Malacosoma disstria
523:). One survey near
493:eastern hophornbeam
31:Conservation status
679:powderpost beetles
640:Datana integerrima
636:walnut caterpillar
621:butt-rotting fungi
385:Fraxinus americana
1452:
1451:
1266:Open Tree of Life
1053:Taxon identifiers
541:Cercis canadensis
517:oakleaf hydrangea
509:flowering dogwood
501:American hornbeam
497:Ostrya virginiana
489:Fagus grandifolia
425:Quercus shumardii
417:Carya cordiformis
413:bitternut hickory
405:mockernut hickory
397:shellbark hickory
244:
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237:Natural range of
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389:shagbark hickory
275:and in northern
255:, a tree of the
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675:ambrosia beetle
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564:The species is
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441:Quercus phellos
433:Nyssa sylvatica
401:Carya laciniosa
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24:Nutmeg hickory
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692:Special uses
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656:twig girdler
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644:walkingstick
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610:
607:
603:
599:
590:
583:
579:
563:
555:Life history
548:
540:
532:
520:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
472:
464:
461:American elm
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
409:C. tomentosa
408:
400:
392:
384:
374:
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338:
334:
292:
289:Native range
264:
260:
257:Juglandaceae
252:
247:
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207:
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189:
188:
172:
160:
150:Juglandaceae
123:
110:
97:
84:
18:
1284:kew-2701803
1240:NatureServe
1175:iNaturalist
1085:Wikispecies
820:19 November
545:witch-hazel
529:red buckeye
473:Ulmus alata
469:winged elms
453:Durand oaks
421:Shumard oak
393:Carya ovata
365:Inceptisols
335:Q. durandii
313:, southern
309:, northern
307:Mississippi
104:Angiosperms
1459:Categories
1279:Plant List
777:References
566:monoecious
437:willow oak
317:, eastern
301:, central
297:, eastern
1403:1182527-2
1350:Q50843335
1141:233500319
574:peduncles
445:water oak
381:white ash
311:Louisiana
184:Species:
168:Section:
74:Kingdom:
1429:16700132
1424:Tropicos
1344:Wikidata
1245:2.129485
1232:62019640
1206:10583808
1193:442183-1
1076:Q5047669
1070:Wikidata
701:Genetics
586:hypogeal
527:, found
429:blackgum
361:Alfisols
339:durandii
315:Arkansas
216:F.Michx.
146:Family:
117:Eudicots
51:IUCN 3.1
1377:4205584
1154:3054332
710:Gallery
642:), and
570:catkins
543:), and
515:), and
483:); and
451:), and
427:); and
411:), and
345:Climate
303:Alabama
284:Habitat
220:Elliott
156:Genus:
140:Fagales
136:Order:
78:Plantae
49: (
1390:402960
1292:PLANTS
1271:199037
1258:139929
1180:160166
1167:400197
1128:594788
916:
652:aphids
467:) and
277:Mexico
269:relict
251:, the
222:(1824)
173:Carya
130:Rosids
1470:Carya
1364:6NFM7
1219:19239
1201:IRMNG
1099:APA:
1007:from
974:(PDF)
337:var.
319:Texas
177:Carya
175:sect.
161:Carya
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
1411:POWO
1398:IPNI
1385:GRIN
1372:GBIF
1305:POWO
1297:CAMY
1253:NCBI
1227:IUCN
1214:ITIS
1188:IPNI
1162:GRIN
1149:GBIF
1115:RHSM
1102:2367
914:ISBN
822:2021
805:2018
735:Buds
723:Buds
673:The
363:and
327:marl
305:and
1437:WFO
1359:CoL
1318:WFO
1136:FNA
1123:EoL
1110:CoL
809:doi
634:),
535:),
507:),
499:),
475:);
459:);
443:),
419:);
403:),
395:),
387:);
325:or
263:or
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