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Catoptrics

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1876: 1863: 31: 117:, although the contents are a mixture of work dating from Euclid's time together with work which dates to the Roman period. It has been argued that the book may have been compiled by the 4th century mathematician 632: 1736: 1814: 1117: 653: 625: 369: 1661: 145: 1391: 593: 1356: 1724: 1336: 1127: 1791: 618: 320: 542: 132:, this work concerns the practical application of mirrors for visual effects. In the Middle Ages, this work was falsely ascribed to 410: 1760: 1693: 1326: 1206: 396: 560: 121:. The book covers the mathematical theory of mirrors, particularly the images formed by plane and spherical concave mirrors. 166:, who cites him by name. His research in catoptrics (the study of optical systems using mirrors) centred on spherical and 1829: 1586: 1474: 649: 278: 1469: 175: 1538: 1165: 981: 956: 503: 1700: 1671: 1031: 886: 1834: 1111: 374: 1568: 1796: 1772: 1646: 1581: 1522: 1459: 1449: 1185: 1104: 966: 876: 756: 273: 1819: 1767: 1666: 1494: 1444: 1429: 1424: 1195: 996: 931: 921: 871: 203: 1867: 1719: 1504: 1381: 1304: 1252: 1054: 961: 811: 1875: 1563: 1844: 1784: 1748: 1591: 1414: 1361: 1331: 1321: 1230: 1093: 986: 901: 856: 836: 681: 666: 238: 191: 171: 68: 1824: 1743: 1731: 1712: 1676: 1596: 1514: 1499: 1489: 1439: 1434: 1376: 1245: 1137: 1066: 1001: 991: 891: 861: 801: 776: 701: 691: 676: 360: 230: 118: 1880: 1839: 1779: 1707: 1573: 1366: 1341: 1309: 906: 851: 816: 711: 515: 242: 129: 1548: 1147: 364: 1553: 1464: 1314: 1240: 1213: 976: 796: 786: 721: 641: 589: 548: 538: 392: 343: 268: 1905: 1755: 1626: 1543: 1299: 1287: 1235: 971: 507: 1900: 1396: 1386: 1280: 1006: 198:' writings on optics, and his legacy was further advanced through the 'reforming' of his 30: 1656: 1651: 1479: 1371: 1351: 1179: 736: 706: 526: 487: 154: 102: 55: 42: 321:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon, κάτοπτρον" 1894: 1616: 1484: 1454: 1275: 1083: 1026: 519: 263: 187: 183: 1558: 1346: 1021: 781: 771: 283: 234: 583: 568: 1172: 1060: 766: 751: 163: 1158: 1016: 1011: 951: 936: 881: 866: 821: 761: 746: 726: 696: 661: 511: 288: 179: 552: 162:), exerted a great influence on Western science: for example, on the work of 911: 896: 846: 741: 731: 716: 686: 610: 534: 258: 246: 226: 1048: 826: 671: 195: 167: 17: 1621: 946: 941: 841: 831: 806: 149: 133: 916: 791: 561:"Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine" 114: 79: 75: 1292: 1270: 926: 137: 72: 29: 614: 308:
A Concise Dictionary of the English and Modern Greek Languages
604:
Roger Bacon and the Origins of Perspectiva in the Middle Ages
190:. His work on catoptrics also contains the problem known as " 59: 46: 531:
Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia
389:
Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics
174:. He made the observation that the ratio between the 1807: 1685: 1635: 1609: 1531: 1513: 1412: 1405: 1261: 1223: 1040: 648: 529:(2005b), "Ibn al-Haytham", in Wallis, Faith (ed.), 490:(2005a), "A Philosophical Perspective on Alhazen's 27:
Study of the relationship between light and mirrors
391:, pages 16-17. American Philosophical Society. 182:does not remain constant, and investigated the 34:Light path of a Newtonian (catoptric) telescope 626: 310:by Antonius Nicholas Jannaris, 1895 J. Murray 8: 451: 1639: 1409: 633: 619: 611: 354: 352: 470: 464: 567:(November–December 2004), archived from 438: 241:exhibited in telescopes using lenses as 370:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive 300: 1662:Latin translations of the 12th century 82:. A catoptric system is also called a 67:"mirror") deals with the phenomena of 1392:Straightedge and compass construction 407: 7: 1357:Incircle and excircles of a triangle 25: 585:A Source Book in Medieval Science 1874: 1861: 419:Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis 237:as a solution to the problem of 152:'s (Ibn al-Haytham) main work, 101:is the title of two texts from 1694:A History of Greek Mathematics 1207:The Quadrature of the Parabola 496:Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 225:The first practical catoptric 206:(d. ca. 1320) in the latter's 1: 559:Dr. Al Deek, Mahmoud (2004), 194:". Alhazen's work influenced 113:. This book is attributed to 1475:Intersecting secants theorem 588:, Harvard University Press, 279:Image-forming optical system 1470:Intersecting chords theorem 1337:Doctrine of proportionality 602:Lindberg, David C. (1996), 1922: 1166:On the Sphere and Cylinder 1119:On the Sizes and Distances 504:Cambridge University Press 378:, accessed 31 January 2013 60: 47: 1868:Ancient Greece portal 1857: 1672:Philosophy of mathematics 1642: 1587:Ptolemy's table of chords 642:Ancient Greek mathematics 533:, New York & London: 512:10.1017/S0957423905000172 417:has also been denoted as 1539:Aristarchus's inequality 1112:On Conoids and Spheroids 375:University of St Andrews 346:accessed 23 October 2007 136:. It only survives in a 1647:Ancient Greek astronomy 1460:Inscribed angle theorem 1450:Greek geometric algebra 1105:Measurement of a Circle 387:A. Mark Smith, (1999), 342:by J. B. Calvert, 2000 274:List of telescope types 208:Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir 1881:Mathematics portal 1667:Non-Euclidean geometry 1622:Mouseion of Alexandria 1495:Tangent-secant theorem 1445:Geometric mean theorem 1430:Exterior angle theorem 1425:Angle bisector theorem 1129:On Sizes and Distances 582:Grant, Edward (1974), 204:Kamal al-Din al-Farisi 35: 1569:Pappus's area theorem 1505:Theorem of the gnomon 1382:Quadratrix of Hippias 1305:Circles of Apollonius 1253:Problem of Apollonius 1231:Constructible numbers 1055:Archimedes Palimpsest 441:, p. 11), passim 202:by Persian scientist 109:The Pseudo-Euclidean 33: 1785:prehistoric counting 1582:Ptolemy's inequality 1523:Apollonius's theorem 1362:Method of exhaustion 1332:Diophantine equation 1322:Circumscribed circle 1139:On the Moving Sphere 361:Robertson, Edmund F. 239:chromatic aberration 221:Catoptric telescopes 172:spherical aberration 1871: • 1677:Neusis construction 1597:Spiral of Theodorus 1490:Pythagorean theorem 1435:Euclidean algorithm 1377:Lune of Hippocrates 1246:Squaring the circle 1002:Theon of Alexandria 677:Aristaeus the Elder 537:, pp. 237–40, 359:O'Connor, John J.; 231:Newtonian reflector 119:Theon of Alexandria 54:, "specular", from 1564:Menelaus's theorem 1554:Irrational numbers 1367:Parallel postulate 1342:Euclidean geometry 1310:Apollonian circles 852:Isidore of Miletus 176:angle of incidence 130:Hero of Alexandria 36: 1888: 1887: 1853: 1852: 1605: 1604: 1592:Ptolemy's theorem 1465:Intercept theorem 1315:Apollonian gasket 1241:Doubling the cube 1214:The Sand Reckoner 606:, Clarendon Press 595:978-0-674-82360-0 269:Optical telescope 192:Alhazen's problem 146:Latin translation 16:(Redirected from 1913: 1879: 1878: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1640: 1627:Platonic Academy 1574:Problem II.8 of 1544:Crossbar theorem 1500:Thales's theorem 1440:Euclid's theorem 1410: 1327:Commensurability 1288:Axiomatic system 1236:Angle trisection 1201: 1191: 1153: 1143: 1133: 1123: 1099: 1089: 1072: 635: 628: 621: 612: 607: 598: 578: 577: 576: 555: 522: 474: 461: 455: 452:Dr. Al Deek 2004 448: 442: 435: 429: 405: 399: 385: 379: 377: 356: 347: 337: 331: 330: 328: 327: 317: 311: 305: 233:") was built by 160:Kitab al-Manazir 63: 62: 50: 49: 21: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1873: 1862: 1860: 1849: 1815:Arabian/Islamic 1803: 1792:numeral systems 1681: 1631: 1601: 1549:Heron's formula 1527: 1509: 1401: 1397:Triangle center 1387:Regular polygon 1264:and definitions 1263: 1257: 1219: 1199: 1189: 1151: 1141: 1131: 1121: 1097: 1087: 1070: 1036: 1007:Theon of Smyrna 652: 644: 639: 601: 596: 581: 574: 572: 558: 545: 527:El-Bizri, Nader 525: 488:El-Bizri, Nader 486: 483: 478: 477: 468: 462: 458: 449: 445: 436: 432: 406: 402: 386: 382: 358: 357: 350: 338: 334: 325: 323: 319: 318: 314: 306: 302: 297: 289:Lighthouse lens 255: 223: 212:The Revision of 96: 76:optical systems 69:reflected light 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1919: 1917: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1808:Other cultures 1805: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1657:Greek numerals 1654: 1652:Attic numerals 1649: 1643: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1480:Law of cosines 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1419: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1372:Platonic solid 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1352:Greek numerals 1349: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1295: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1267: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1210: 1203: 1193: 1183: 1180:Planisphaerium 1176: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1145: 1135: 1125: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1091: 1081: 1074: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 784: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 658: 656: 650:Mathematicians 646: 645: 640: 638: 637: 630: 623: 615: 609: 608: 599: 594: 579: 556: 543: 523: 482: 479: 476: 475: 471:El-Bizri 2005b 465:El-Bizri 2005a 456: 443: 430: 425:, and also as 415:Book of Optics 400: 380: 348: 340:Reading Euclid 332: 312: 299: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 254: 251: 222: 219: 155:Book of Optics 142: 141: 122: 103:ancient Greece 95: 92: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1918: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1870: 1869: 1856: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1485:Pons asinorum 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1455:Hinge theorem 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1124: 1122:(Aristarchus) 1120: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1053: 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536: 532: 528: 524: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 484: 480: 472: 466: 460: 457: 453: 447: 444: 440: 439:Lindberg 1996 434: 431: 428: 424: 423:De Aspectibus 420: 416: 412: 409: 404: 401: 398: 394: 390: 384: 381: 376: 372: 371: 366: 362: 355: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 333: 322: 316: 313: 309: 304: 301: 294: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 264:Catadioptrics 262: 260: 257: 256: 252: 250: 249:telescopes). 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 220: 218: 216: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 139: 135: 131: 128:. Written by 127: 123: 120: 116: 112: 108: 107: 106: 104: 100: 94:Ancient texts 93: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 73:image-forming 70: 66: 57: 53: 44: 40: 32: 19: 1872: 1859: 1701:Thomas Heath 1692: 1575: 1559:Law of sines 1415: 1347:Golden ratio 1212: 1205: 1196: 1190:(Theodosius) 1186: 1178: 1171: 1164: 1157: 1148: 1138: 1132:(Hipparchus) 1128: 1118: 1110: 1103: 1094: 1084: 1077: 1076: 1071:(Apollonius) 1067: 1059: 1047: 1022:Zeno of Elea 782:Eratosthenes 772:Dionysodorus 603: 584: 573:, retrieved 569:the original 565:Al Shindagah 564: 530: 499: 495: 491: 481:Bibliography 459: 446: 433: 426: 422: 418: 414: 403: 388: 383: 368: 365:"Catoptrics" 339: 335: 324:. Retrieved 315: 307: 303: 284:Fresnel lens 235:Isaac Newton 224: 214: 211: 207: 199: 170:mirrors and 159: 153: 143: 140:translation. 125: 110: 98: 97: 87: 83: 64: 51: 38: 37: 1768:mathematics 1576:Arithmetica 1173:Ostomachion 1142:(Autolycus) 1061:Arithmetica 837:Hippocrates 767:Dinostratus 752:Dicaearchus 682:Aristarchus 506:: 189–218, 427:Perspectiva 186:power of a 164:Roger Bacon 52:katoptrikós 48:κατοπτρικός 1895:Categories 1820:Babylonian 1720:arithmetic 1686:History of 1515:Apollonius 1200:(Menelaus) 1159:On Spirals 1078:Catoptrics 1017:Xenocrates 1012:Thymaridas 997:Theodosius 982:Theaetetus 962:Simplicius 952:Pythagoras 937:Posidonius 922:Philonides 882:Nicomachus 877:Metrodorus 867:Menaechmus 822:Hipparchus 812:Heliodorus 762:Diophantus 747:Democritus 727:Chrysippus 697:Archimedes 692:Apollonius 662:Anaxagoras 654:(timeline) 575:2013-09-04 413:notes the 408:Grant 1974 397:0871698935 326:2015-03-13 295:References 243:objectives 184:magnifying 180:refraction 126:Catoptrics 111:Catoptrics 99:Catoptrics 39:Catoptrics 1281:Inscribed 1041:Treatises 1032:Zenodorus 992:Theodorus 967:Sosigenes 912:Philolaus 897:Oenopides 892:Nicoteles 887:Nicomedes 847:Hypsicles 742:Ctesibius 732:Cleomedes 717:Callippus 702:Autolycus 687:Aristotle 667:Anthemius 553:218847614 535:Routledge 520:123057532 259:Dioptrics 227:telescope 168:parabolic 65:katoptron 61:κάτοπτρον 18:Catoptric 1845:Japanese 1830:Egyptian 1773:timeline 1761:timeline 1749:timeline 1744:geometry 1737:timeline 1732:calculus 1725:timeline 1713:timeline 1416:Elements 1262:Concepts 1224:Problems 1197:Spherics 1187:Spherics 1152:(Euclid) 1098:(Euclid) 1095:Elements 1088:(Euclid) 1049:Almagest 957:Serenus 932:Porphyry 872:Menelaus 827:Hippasus 802:Eutocius 777:Domninus 672:Archytas 253:See also 247:dioptric 196:Averroes 88:catoptre 84:catopter 1906:Mirrors 1825:Chinese 1780:numbers 1708:algebra 1636:Related 1610:Centers 1406:Results 1276:Central 947:Ptolemy 942:Proclus 907:Perseus 862:Marinus 842:Hypatia 832:Hippias 807:Geminus 797:Eudoxus 787:Eudemus 757:Diocles 344:Duke U. 150:Alhazen 134:Ptolemy 124:Hero's 80:mirrors 1901:Optics 1840:Indian 1617:Cyrene 1149:Optics 1068:Conics 987:Theano 977:Thales 972:Sporus 917:Philon 902:Pappus 792:Euclid 722:Carpus 712:Bryson 592:  551:  541:  518:  492:Optics 395:  229:(the " 215:Optics 200:Optics 115:Euclid 78:using 41:(from 1835:Incan 1756:logic 1532:Other 1300:Chord 1293:Axiom 1271:Angle 927:Plato 817:Heron 737:Conon 516:S2CID 502:(2), 421:, as 411:p.392 138:Latin 56:Greek 43:Greek 1797:list 1085:Data 857:Leon 707:Bion 590:ISBN 549:OCLC 539:ISBN 393:ISBN 188:lens 178:and 144:The 71:and 1699:by 1413:In 508:doi 494:", 217:). 148:of 90:). 1897:: 563:, 547:, 514:, 500:15 498:, 467:) 373:, 367:, 363:, 351:^ 105:: 58:: 45:: 634:e 627:t 620:v 510:: 473:) 469:( 463:( 454:) 450:( 437:( 329:. 245:( 210:( 158:( 86:( 20:)

Index

Catoptric

Greek
Greek
reflected light
image-forming
optical systems
mirrors
ancient Greece
Euclid
Theon of Alexandria
Hero of Alexandria
Ptolemy
Latin
Latin translation
Alhazen
Book of Optics
Roger Bacon
parabolic
spherical aberration
angle of incidence
refraction
magnifying
lens
Alhazen's problem
Averroes
Kamal al-Din al-Farisi
telescope
Newtonian reflector
Isaac Newton

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