52:
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their actions. The state rapidly arranged sales of more than 5 million acres (20,000 km) of former
Iroquois lands at inexpensive prices to encourage development in the state. It also granted some western lands to war veterans in lieu of pay. Speculators bought up as much land as they could and resold it to new settlers. Land-hungry Yankees from New England flooded into New York in waves of new settlement, as did some settlers from the Mohawk Valley. Immigrants also came from the British Isles and France after the war.
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453:
value damages of $ 35 million and total fair rental value damages of $ 3.5 million. The jury gave the state a credit for the payments it had made to the Cayuga of about $ 1.6 million, leaving the total damages at approximately $ 36.9 million. On
October 2, 2001, the court issued a decision and order which awarded a prejudgment interest award of $ 211 million and a total award of $ 247.9 million.
277:, a retaliatory military campaign designed to unseat the Iroquois Confederacy and prevent the nations from continuing to attack New York militias and the Continental Army. The campaign mobilized 6200 troops and devastated the Cayuga and other Iroquois homelands, destroying 40-50 villages. Those destroyed included major Cayuga villages such as
485:
return of the Cayuga People to their ancestral homelands. They planted a pine tree at this dedication as a symbol that the Cayuga People are still alive and wanting to return. The elder women of the Cayuga Nation broke the ground and planted the pine tree to welcome the return of their people to their home territory.
512:
The total number of
Iroquois is difficult to establish. About 45,000 Iroquois lived in Canada in 1995, more than 39,000 in Ontario and the remainder in Quebec. Among the six nations and federally recognized units in the United States, total tribal enrollment in 1995 numbered about 30,000. In the 2000
484:
The Nation reclaimed its first land on July 17, 1996, by purchasing 14 acres (57,000 m) in Seneca Falls, within their 64,000 acres (260 km) land claim area. On August 2, 1997 a dedication was held where members of all the
Iroquois Confederacy nations were present. This purchase began the
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The state of New York made additional treaties with the tribes but failed to get them ratified by the Senate. As it lacked the constitutional authority to deal directly with the tribes, individual tribes have sued for land claims since the late 20th century, charging New York had no authority for
452:
was added as a plaintiff in the claim. Following many years of pre-trial motions, a jury trial on damages was held from
January 18-February 17, 2000. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the Cayuga Indian Nation of New York and the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma, finding current fair market
343:
and others in the Ohio Valley. Only weakened cobbled together tribes, such as the Mingo, were in the land, which was still mostly empty; creating a situation drawing settlers west in increasing numbers. By 1831 those
Indians left in the lands east of Ohio were encouraged by bigotry, and at times
330:
or "Black Mingo", for they had a bad reputation, so were able to take in their kin after that systematic bloodletting in 1779. After the
Sullivan Campaign, more Cayuga joined them, as well as some other bands of Iroquois who left New York before the end of the Revolutionary War. As the American
244:
were complicated and variable, with Cayuga warriors fighting on both sides (as well as abstaining from war entirely). Most of the
Iroquois nations allied with the British, in part hoping to end encroachment on their lands by colonists. In 1778, various Iroquois bands, oft allied with
493:. This is the first property which the Cayuga Nation has owned since after being forced to cede its lands after the Revolutionary War. It is the first time they have lived within the borders of their ancestral homeland in more than 200 years. The Cayuga continue to debate having the
359:
nations) signed the
Pickering Treaty with the United States, by which they ceded much of their lands in New York to the United States, forced to do so as allies of the defeated British. It was the second treaty the United States entered into. It recognized the rights of the
488:
In
December 2005, the S.H.A.R.E. (Strengthening Haudenosaunee-American Relations through Education) Farm (including a house) was signed over to the Cayuga nation by United States citizens who had purchased and developed the 70-acre (280,000 m) farm in
253:
threatening much of the Susquehanna Valley. From the revolutionary government's point of view in Philadelphia, several of these were atrocities, and in the early summer that body proceeded to order Washington to send regiments to quell these disturbances.
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meant the transactions were illegal, as the state had no constitutional authority to deal directly with Indian nations. The Treaty of Canandaigua holds that only the United States government may enter into legal discussions with the
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was established in order to grant land bounties to veterans. The tract originally included a Cayuga reservation surrounding the north end of Cayuga Lake, but the reservation was given up a few years later in a treaty with the state.
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to pursue legislative and monetary restitution for land taken from it by the State of New York during the 18th and 19th centuries. New York had entered into land sales and leases with the Cayuga Nation after the signing of the
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The Cayuga Nation of New York does not have a reservation. Members have lived among the Seneca Nation on their reservation. Since the late 20th century, they have acquired some land in their former homeland by purchase.
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Revolution was nearing its end, settlers resumed trekking west of the Alleghenies in a trickle that by 1810, became a flood. Other eastern Amerindians, joined by eastward remnants of Susquehannock and large groups of
287:(Peachtown). The expedition, with attacks from the spring through the fall, also destroyed the crops and winter stores of the Iroquois, to drive them out of the land. Survivors fled to other Iroquois tribes, or to
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as sovereign nations. The Pickering Treaty remains an operating legal document; the U.S. government continues to send the requisite gift of muslin fabric to the nations each year.
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take this land into trust for them. They have been developing projects featuring indigenous planting, cultivation of herbs and medicinal plants, wild plant collection and a
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In 1995 there were nearly 450 Cayuga members in New York. In the 21st century, there are about 4,892 combined members of the Cayuga-Seneca Nation in Oklahoma.
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US Census, 45,217 respondents identified solely as Iroquois (but this does not mean they were enrolled as members); and 80,822 as having Iroquois ancestry.
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470:. Essentially the court ruled that the plaintiffs had taken too long to present their case, when it might have been equitably settled earlier.
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481:. The time in which the Cayuga Indian Nation could ask the U.S. Supreme Court to rehear the case has passed.
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Hansen, B. and J. Rossen. "Building Bridges Through Public Anthropology in the Haudenosaunee Homeland"
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There are three Cayuga bands. The two largest, the Lower Cayuga and Upper Cayuga, still live in
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Past Meets Present: Archaeologists with Museum Curators, Teachers, and Community Groups.
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249:) conducted a series of raids along the frontier from Connecticut to New York and into
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Both the plaintiffs and the defendants appealed this award. On June 28, 2005, the
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180:, "People of the Great Swamp") are one of the five original constituents of the
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Federally-recognized Iroquois tribe native to central New York, United States
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rendered a decision that reversed the judgment of the trial court. It ruled
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The Cayuga Indian Nation of New York sought review of this decision by the
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The Cayuga Nation of New York filed an action on November 19, 1980, in the
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were migrating north in the early decades of the 1700s, going west of the
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On November 11, 1794, the (New York) Cayuga Nation (along with the other
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971:"Indigenous Canadian Jenna Clause on her first big role in 'The Wilds'"
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United States District Court for the Northern District of New York
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first indigenous graduate of McGill University (M.D. C.M. 1875
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of Cayuga constitute the third band in the United States: the
348:, in what became Oklahoma. Their remnants, consequently, the
1023:"How the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign Dispossessed the Cayuga"
910:
Persons, Places, and Things around the Finger Lakes Region
1000:
Jameson, Jr., J and S. Baugher. 2007. Springer: New York.
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Some Seneca and Cayuga had left the area earlier even as
395:, a reserve recognized by the Canadian government. Two
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Populations of the Haudenosaunee Members (Six Nations)
772:
Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission: Pocket Pictorial'
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United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
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912:. Rochester, Finger Lakes Publishing, 1994. Page 10.
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1176:Settlement of the northern shores of Lake Ontario
947:Hansen and Rossen (2007), "Building Bridges", in
335:had also traveled the ancient trails through the
1630:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
890:. American Heritage Publishing Co. p. 205.
208:to the west. Today, Cayuga people belong to the
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232:Political relations between the Cayuga, the
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1655:Native Americans in the American Revolution
1635:Native American history of New York (state)
1645:Native American tribes in New York (state)
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784:Six Nations of the Grand River Territory
1027:Sullivan-Clinton Campaign: Then and Now
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835:, Canadian musician and lead singer of
436:. Its failure to get approval of the
200:, between their league neighbors, the
888:The American Heritage Book of Indians
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7:
82:Regions with significant populations
935:, 22 Jul 1990, accessed 10 Apr 2009
874:Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission.
801:George Edward Bomberry, Physician,
326:. These tribes became known as the
192:. The Cayuga homeland lies in the
1650:Native American tribes in Oklahoma
1534:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)
886:Alvin M. Josephy Jr., ed. (1961).
475:Supreme Court of the United States
352:are a federally recognized tribe.
294:Following the end of the war, the
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922:"The Six Nations of the Iroquois"
876:2010: 33. (retrieved 10 Jan 2011)
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789:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
450:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
409:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
350:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
296:Central New York Military Tract
257:Consequently, in 1779, General
222:Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma
216:, and the federally recognized
393:Six Nations of the Grand River
210:Six Nations of the Grand River
1:
339:to found settlements such as
184:(Iroquois), a confederacy of
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245:British-colonial loyalists (
778:Iroquois Population in 1995
464:, based on the doctrine of
397:federally recognized tribes
116:, other Iroquoian languages
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462:in favor of the defendants
434:American Revolutionary War
251:south-central Pennsylvania
162:, other Iroquoian peoples
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781:by Doug George-Kanentiio.
401:Cayuga Nation of New York
218:Cayuga Nation of New York
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125:
108:
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73:12,000+ (450 in New York;
72:
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1640:First Nations in Ontario
495:Bureau of Indian Affairs
344:forcibly removed to the
310:to the long depopulated
1499:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
32:Cayuga (disambiguation)
1235:Native American tribes
1066:League of the Iroquois
869:April 6, 2010, at the
479:denied on May 15, 2006
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823:, American politician
430:Treaty of Canandaigua
380:Tammy Rahr, a Cayuga
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337:gaps of the Allegheny
138:Related ethnic groups
1529:Mescalero-Chiricahua
1284:Cheyenne and Arapaho
438:United States Senate
407:, New York, and the
341:Kittanning (village)
316:Western Pennsylvania
204:to the east and the
30:For other uses, see
1021:Dr. Bob Spigelman,
864:"Pocket Pictorial."
523:
314:lands; settling in
275:Sullivan Expedition
242:American Revolution
46:
1299:Citizen Potawatomi
1161:Great Law of Peace
1013:(official website)
949:Past Meets Present
927:2006-11-16 at the
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505:Current population
385:
265:appointed General
127:Longhouse religion
75:5,000 in Oklahoma;
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1524:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
1264:Alabama-Quassarte
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259:George Washington
238:Thirteen Colonies
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77:7,000 in Ontario)
16:(Redirected from
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1454:Tribal languages
1434:United Keetoowah
1364:Muscogee (Creek)
1324:Fort Sill Apache
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186:Native Americans
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829:, tribal leader
821:Annessa Hartman
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1457:(still spoken)
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730:
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723:
718:
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712:
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703:
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664:
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638:
635:
632:
629:
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622:
619:
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611:
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589:
584:
579:
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559:
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486:
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480:
476:
471:
469:
468:
463:
459:
454:
451:
448:In 1981, the
446:
444:
443:Haudenosaunee
439:
435:
431:
426:
418:
416:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
378:
371:
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365:
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362:Haudenosaunee
358:
357:Haudenosaunee
353:
351:
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342:
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329:
325:
321:
320:West Virginia
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
297:
292:
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286:
285:
280:
279:Cayuga Castle
276:
272:
271:James Clinton
268:
267:John Sullivan
264:
260:
255:
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248:
243:
239:
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227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:region along
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:Haudenosaunee
179:
178:Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ
175:
171:
161:
157:
156:Mohawk Nation
153:
152:Oneida Nation
149:
145:
144:Seneca Nation
141:
136:
133:denominations
132:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
89:
85:
80:
71:
66:
53:
48:
45:
44:Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫʼ
33:
19:
1424:Thlopthlocco
1079:
1031:
1026:
997:
988:Bibliography
987:
986:
974:
962:Ghostarchive
960:Archived at
956:
948:
932:
917:
909:
904:
887:
881:
873:
847:
846:
809:Jenna Clause
777:
771:
553:
548:
519:
511:
508:
487:
483:
477:, which was
472:
465:
455:
447:
442:
422:
413:
405:Seneca Falls
386:
366:
361:
356:
354:
312:Ohio Country
301:
293:
289:Upper Canada
282:
273:to lead the
256:
231:
194:Finger Lakes
177:
169:
167:
43:
37:Ethnic group
18:Cayuga tribe
1404:Sac and Fox
1171:Jigonhsasee
1131:Ethnobotany
1121:Clan Mother
815:Gary Farmer
499:seed saving
419:Land claims
382:bead artist
308:Alleghenies
240:during the
198:Cayuga Lake
61: 1901
1609:Categories
1564:Potawatomi
1249:recognized
843:References
827:Ourehouare
665:Wisconsin
432:after the
391:, both at
236:, and the
1494:Chickasaw
1444:Wyandotte
1289:Chickasaw
1247:Federally
1151:Mythology
1146:Languages
1105:Tuscarora
811:, actress
769:Sources:
698:Oklahoma
630:New York
539:Tuscarora
527:Location
501:program.
304:Tuscarora
284:Chonodote
131:Christian
104:Languages
1625:Iroquois
1539:Muscogee
1514:Delaware
1509:Comanche
1489:Cheyenne
1484:Cherokee
1409:Seminole
1344:Kickapoo
1339:Kialegee
1304:Comanche
1279:Cherokee
1239:Oklahoma
1181:Tadodaho
1141:Hiawatha
1090:Onondaga
964:and the
951:, p. 128
925:Archived
896:61-14871
867:Archived
837:The Band
560:Ontario
549:Combined
536:Onondaga
220:and the
202:Onondaga
190:New York
121:Religion
97:Oklahoma
93:New York
90:(Canada)
1589:Wyandot
1584:Wichita
1579:Shawnee
1519:Koasati
1504:Choctaw
1469:Arapaho
1464:Alabama
1439:Wichita
1429:Tonkawa
1419:Shawnee
1294:Choctaw
1126:Economy
1073:Peoples
976:YouTube
817:, actor
731:Totals
597:Quebec
389:Ontario
261:of the
234:British
228:History
214:Ontario
114:English
88:Ontario
1620:Cayuga
1574:Seneca
1569:Quapaw
1554:Pawnee
1549:Ottawa
1479:Cayuga
1399:Quapaw
1389:Peoria
1384:Pawnee
1379:Ottawa
1269:Apache
1251:tribes
1156:Orenda
1114:Topics
1100:Seneca
1095:Oneida
1085:Mohawk
1080:Cayuga
894:
762:82,022
757:22,495
752:29,314
747:15,338
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
692:10,309
688:
685:
681:10,309
677:
674:
671:
668:
659:17,566
655:
620:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
591:39,624
586:17,603
581:14,051
572:
569:
566:
563:
554:Totals
545:Mohawk
542:Oneida
533:Cayuga
530:Seneca
467:laches
247:Tories
206:Seneca
174:Cayuga
170:Cayuga
110:Cayuga
41:Cayuga
1594:Yuchi
1559:Ponca
1544:Osage
1474:Caddo
1394:Ponca
1369:Osage
1359:Modoc
1354:Miami
1349:Kiowa
1274:Caddo
996:, In
848:Notes
725:4,892
720:4,892
651:5,632
646:1,109
624:9,631
616:9,631
576:3,970
328:Mingo
1329:Iowa
1136:Flag
892:LCCN
743:1200
740:1596
734:7581
642:1200
639:1596
633:7581
324:Ohio
281:and
269:and
168:The
95:and
1334:Kaw
1237:in
737:448
636:448
403:in
188:in
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973:.
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940:^
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856:^
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411:.
318:,
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898:.
791:.
786:.
172:(
34:.
20:)
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