1401:
27:
356:, where he was responsible for laying communication lines and setting up radio equipment. He undertook deception duties in a radio truck and made transmissions from unmanned positions in English and Scottish accents to confuse the enemy. He discovered that the greatest danger came from enemy aircraft and from a lack of sleep, instanced by an occasion when he woke to discover that he was riding his motorcycle down an embankment into a minefield. Clothier acquired the nickname 'Spike' after a film character. He became a popular pianist in the
664:
Association, however
Clothier did not investigate on the grounds that there was no evidence that the Association was asked to complain on by any aggrieved individuals. Clothier also handled a case in which a local councillor had received an anonymous leaflet supporting fluoridation of water. It transpired, after four months, that the leaflet had emanated from the local health authority. Clothier concluded that the authorship of the leaflet should have been disclosed without delay. He understood that the councillor
501:. Clothier did not seek to alter the Office, but to develop it along the lines laid out by his predecessors. After a drop in the number of complaints received, the Office handled 1,031 in 1980, the fourth highest since the Office opened in 1967. Clothier continued the practice of arousing public awareness of the Office, eagerly accepting invitations to talk to groups in different parts of the country and determined that people should regard the Ombudsman as fundamental feature of the
572:
in the circumstances. He nevertheless found that officials were unable to make a decision to bring the situation under control, that
Ministers were not brought into consultation at an early enough stage and that it took too long for an agreement to be reached on the decision to be taken. Clothier was therefore able to attribute part of the losses incurred by the farmers to maladministration and considered it appropriate for the departments concerned to offer
209:
708:. One of the most serious cases investigated by Clothier concerned a complaint from a mother that her baby was born dead due to a catalogue of failures in maternity care at the hospital. Clothier decided for the first time since the establishment of the Office to hold a formal hearing and take evidence on oath. Clothier concluded that the midwives who gave evidence were untruthful. The complainant was
815:, he did not recommend that a single disciplinary charge be brought against the 1,363 officers involved. When the police forcibly broke up a student demonstration in Manchester in 1985 and 100 complaints were received, officers were not required by the Authority to name colleagues who had behaved improperly. Clothier commented that
849:. Clothier trenchantly refused to hold a public inquiry, earning him vociferous hostility from both the victims' families and widespread criticism from the media. Clothier reasoned that people were capable of telling blatant lies under oath. In the absence of friends, colleagues, parents and the press, witnesses could speak with "
737:
complaints reach the office through members of
Parliament and considered the viability of a mechanism where complainants could contact the Office directly if they were dissatisfied with the progress made by the Member of Parliament in attending to the grievance. Nevertheless, Clothier had been an effective Ombudsman:
792:
received more complaints than any other force in the country and that it was also least inclined to co-operate with the
Authority. Clothier sought to improve transparency and pressed for powers to dismiss unsuitable officers and to prevent officers under investigation from being able to resign with a
571:
and serious damage to
Government-owned buildings occurred. Two farmers complained to have been affected by this, and their complaints were referred to Clothier. He found that the Government was not to blame for the original occupation and that the decision to refrain from eviction had been reasonable
828:
Clothier followed his term at the Police
Complaints Authority with appointments to the Senior Salaries Review Body from 1989 to 1995, as Vice-President of the Interception of Communications Tribunal between 1986 and 1996 and Chairman of the Committee on Ethics of Gene Therapy between 1990 and 1992.
736:
Clothier left the office in 1984, regretful that he was alone among national ombudsmen in the world in not having powers to investigate on his own initiative and that his jurisdiction was limited to not investigating personnel and contractual matters. He also had doubts about the requirement that
583:
and the
Scottish Home and Health Department in reviewing his conviction for murder following the suspension from duty of the forensic scientist who had been an expert witness at his trial. Clothier observed that, although it was not the duty of the Home Office to actively look for miscarriages of
644:
in 1981 which sought to explain the differences between the
Parliamentary and Health Service functions exercised by the Office and the jurisdiction over local authorities exercised by the Local Government Ombudsman. Film presentations of the functions of the Office were also produced for use in
663:
Clothier dealt with notable cases during his time as Health
Service Ombudsman. When a health authority found that a bogus doctor had operated on a number of patients it decided not to inform them that their operations had been performed by the 'doctor'. A complaint was made by the Patients'
542:
staff abroad in their duties towards United
Kingdom citizens. Clothier also considered that in instances where it was questionable whether an investigation should be undertaken or not, that he would lean in favour of the complainant. Even so, if the complainant was unable to produce
655:
There was continued opposition from the medical profession to the extension of the Ombudsman's jurisdiction to encompass matters of clinical judgment. Throughout Clothier's tenure as Ombudsman, the question continued to be wrestled over by the Select Committee and the
645:
schools and libraries. Clothier found it problematic that some half of all complaints he received related wholly or partly to actions arising from the exercise of clinical judgment, a matter on which he was not empowered to investigate. Clothier commented that it was
360:
and acquired a love of flying when an American pilot offered a flight and landed on a road by a Sicilian village where they had an impromptu swim. In 1943 Clothier was transferred to Washington, D.C. where he served as a
900:
at which Yacoub practised and even occasionally acted as a theatre attendant. He drafted papers which saved the hospital from closure. New research laboratories at the hospital were opened in 2002 by
650:
a source of some embarrassment when I have to send rejection letters to complainants explaining this particular jurisdictional exclusion. Many find it very difficult indeed to understand or accept it.
660:
without significant inroads being made into the medical profession's opposition. All the while, the number of complaints received by the Ombudsman increased: from 562 in 1979–80 to 895 in 1983–84.
624:. Mr Preece, having already had his conviction quashed, received £77,000 in compensation. The Home Office identified a further 129 cases that required re-examination, 16 of which were sent to the
377:
University to learn to speak like him. Clothier developed a lasting love of the United States during his time in Washington, D.C. When Clothier left the Army in 1946, he had reached the rank of
861:
in 2000 and explained that few people could be found to criticise colleagues with whom they had to work the next day, let alone voice suspicions about them committing very grave crimes. "
416:
in Liverpool. In his first case, Clothier defended a man with 73 previous convictions accused of throwing a brick through a shop window. Clothier made his name as a skilful
927:
during his time as Ombudsman, Clothier considered it polite to address the delegates in the hosts' language, purchased a textbook and then gave a five-minute speech in
584:
justice, the circumstances of the case made the matter wholly exceptional. Clothier concluded that a miscarriage of justice where a person loses his or her liberty was
1639:
1563:
802:
would be a lot more worried if they passed a vote of confidence. It might suggest that some of the accusations that we work hand in glove with the police are true.
1624:
884:
Medicine was important to Clothier both professionally and personally. He was elected an Honorary Anesthetist, Honorary Pharmacist and an Honorary Fellow of the
1201:
285:
56:
26:
774:
301:
855:
if you really want to know what people are thinking in an extremely delicate matter, you need to see them in circumstances when they do not feel threatened
1604:
1589:
1331:
1053:
1400:
881:
he criticised the phrase 'shoot-to-kill' on the basis that implied that it was possible to 'shoot-to-wing', an idea only applicable to the Wild West.
640:. However, such awareness was also accompanied by misconception about what the Ombudsman did. New publicity material was issued by the Office and the
270:
37:
1644:
1594:
1255:
293:
67:
365:, sitting on committees dealing with technical developments and radio-frequency allocation. He continued his passion for flying by qualifying as a
1228:
337:
289:
62:
807:
Clothier was indeed accused of working hand in glove with the police. When the police used, as Clothier admitted, excessive force to break up a
794:
425:
440:
over reparations for patients who had suffered side-effects from taking Eraldin and recommended that it create a scheme of full compensation.
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923:
and played both. Clothier was fluent in French, Italian and also spoke German, making speeches in all three. When addressing a conference in
297:
72:
1619:
1609:
625:
496:
coming to my task without previous close experience with the work of either Parliament or the Executive, I have been much impressed by both
614:
it did not act with the urgency that was required. The Select Committee reinforced the conclusions of Clothier, summing up the affair as
1558:
785:. His term as Chairman of the Authority was a turbulent one, and he often earned the hostility of both the complainants and the police.
556:
378:
227:
1614:
502:
867:
At an inquiry held in private people gradually relax and unburden themselves of a truth which may have been tormenting them for years
559:
alongside the regularly quarterly and annual reports. An important report concerned the illegal occupation of Government land in
340:'s office in 1939. This led to a twenty-year-long rift with his father, a dentist who had seen dreadful jaw injuries during the
1537:
1496:
1440:
1375:
657:
538:. In the first statutory extension of the Ombudsman's remit since 1967, the Office was permitted to investigate the actions of
1322:
1003:
846:
484:
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Clothier found that a greater number of people were becoming aware with the existence of the Office and its functions as a
782:
877:
Clothier gradually became detached from public affairs, although he did occasionally write letters to newspapers. To the
679:
a very poor production and far below the standard I would expect an Authority to achieve in communication with the public
1532:
1491:
1435:
1370:
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background when he was appointed in 1978. Clothier expressed himself to be happy with the Office that he inherited from
464:
437:
820:
failure to denounce one's friends and relations has never been a subject for discipline in any civilised body of people
1599:
885:
353:
242:
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passed votes of no-confidence in the Authority and himself as chairman on four occasions. Clothier reflected that he
728:
as the health authority admitted that the baby could have survived if reasonable care had been given to the mother.
863:
Most witnesses at a public inquiry say as little as possible and do their best to withhold their innermost thoughts
641:
845:, who was later diagnosed as an untreatable psychopath, was able to kill four children and attack nine others at
247:
349:
217:
637:
1057:
539:
468:
329:
184:
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after he gained his pilot's licence. He was also an enthusiastic sailor and enjoyed reading the novels of
901:
742:
a man of achievement and integrity; he liked to get things done and was unafraid to upset people en route.
472:
421:
345:
1033:
1315:
756:
to give the citizen a leg up against what must seem to him to be the impenetrable vastness of Whitehall
389:
Clothier returned to Oxford to complete his studies and graduated with an MA law degree. He worked for
1634:
1629:
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first operated on Clothier in 1976 and continued to care for him over many years. Clothier supported
110:
789:
763:
my investigative powers are as good as you'll get in a democracy – the next best thing to the rack.
417:
897:
321:
436:. Clothier acquired a speciality in cases that involved adverse reactions to drugs – he advised
273:
40:
858:
703:
could do justice. The whole episode has been a very great waste of my time and everyone else's
406:
1300:
793:
full pension on health grounds. Revelations of miscarriages of justice caused anger, and the
579:
Another significant case was that of John Preece, who complained of a four-year delay by the
928:
893:
568:
448:
333:
237:
761:. And although he was criticised for the slowness of his investigations, he retorted that "
594:. An exceptional effort was necessary to remedy the consequences of what he described as a
842:
460:
433:
394:
341:
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208:
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Clothier became the first Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman not to come from a
1345:
747:
He had worked to enhance public awareness of the Office and appeared in one cartoon as
560:
467:
and served until 1978. When serving on the bench, Clothier was a legal assessor to the
429:
317:
841:
In 1994 at the age of 74, Clothier was appointed to head an inquiry into how a nurse,
718:
and that records of routine checks had been falsified. Clothier concluded that it was
1583:
1308:
912:
564:
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300:(Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman). He was later the first Chairman of the
604:. Clothier noted sadly that when the Home Office became aware of shortcomings which
1450:
1385:
420:
lawyer. However, with his command of technical details, he widened his practice to
405:
and former Treasurer of Inner Temple, helped reverse the decision and Clothier was
398:
212:
915:. Clothier's musical abilities ranged beyond playing the piano: he constructed a
1542:
1455:
1445:
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1380:
1102:
Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration, Fourth Report 1983-4, Preece case
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one of the gravest matters which can occupy the attention of a civilised society
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had sent the leaflet. His verdict on the leaflet itself was damning. It was
452:
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313:
138:
547:
evidence of maladministration, Clothier was bound to reject the complaint.
373:
who was so impressed with Clothier that she said she would send her son to
892:, which became the first chapter of the fourth edition. The heart surgeon
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390:
370:
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402:
924:
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not excuse the subsequent administrative ineptitudes, to which only
455:. When the courts were reorganised, Clothier was appointed a deputy
808:
475:
councils and a member of the Royal Commission on National Health.
833:, one concerning policing and other concerning the constitution.
357:
336:
cut short his studies and he refused to apply for a post in the
1304:
1165:
Health Service Commissioner, Second Report 1980–81, W.450/78-79
1156:
Health Service Commissioner, Fourth Report 1979–80, W.581/78-79
459:
judge, serving until 1978. In 1972, Clothier was appointed a
401:
but was turned down because he was 'in trade'. An uncle, a
276:(28 August 1919 – 8 May 2010) was a lawyer who served as a
723:
difficult to imagine a more serious failure in the service
1147:
Health Service Commissioner, Annual Report 1979–80, p12
1465:
Health Service Commissioner for Scotland (until 2002)
829:
He also chaired two commissions on the governance of
397:
in his spare time. Passing his exams, he applied for
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104:
92:
51:
23:
1506:Health Service Commissioner for Wales (until 2003)
1054:"Obituary: Sir Cecil Clothier - Scotsman.com News"
567:families in 1978. They were joined by families of
998:
996:
994:
992:
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988:
986:
1177:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), pp248-249
1126:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), pp549-550
857:." Clothier was asked about the similar case of
174:(1) Elizabeth Bush (d. 1984) (2) Diana Stevenson
1564:National Health Service Reorganisation Act 1973
1093:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), pp249-50
1081:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), pp232-7
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
907:Clothier retained a love of flying, taking up
1339:Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration
1316:
1202:Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration
934:Clothier, who modestly remarked that he had "
324:and won a senior history scholarship to read
286:Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration
57:Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration
8:
773:In 1985 Clothier was appointed to chair the
555:Occasional reports were issued under s10(4)
1138:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), p563
1114:, Gregory and Giddings (London, 2002), p253
781:and bringing it under the authority of the
1332:Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman
1323:
1309:
1301:
1183:
1029:
1027:
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1023:
1021:
88:3 January 1979 – 31 December 1984
20:
1256:Health Service Commissioner for Scotland
713:shamefully neglected at her time of need
68:Health Service Commissioner for Scotland
1409:Health Service Commissioner for England
1229:Health Service Commissioner for England
947:
510:The last thing an Ombudsman wants to be
290:Health Service Commissioner for England
63:Health Service Commissioner for England
1640:British Army personnel of World War II
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
533:to grumble about nothing in particular
393:on transformers while reading for the
1625:People educated at Stonyhurst College
1569:Health Service Commissioners Act 1993
1283:Health Service Commissioner for Wales
1175:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
1136:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
1124:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
1112:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
1091:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
1079:The Ombudsman, Citizen and Parliament
73:Health Service Commissioner for Wales
7:
751:. It had been important to Clothier
1559:Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967
888:. He prefaced the third edition of
777:, commanding a dignified office in
609:struck at the very roots of justice
557:Parliamentary Commissioner Act 1967
525:. Yet it was also important not to
851:a frankness which can be startling
669:wished to know what Jove-like hand
599:pollution of justice at its source
369:. He also encountered the actress
14:
1605:Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
1590:Military personnel from Liverpool
520:is distant, cold and inaccessible
412:Clothier started his career as a
1399:
1014:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
936:a second-class first-class brain
904:and named in Clothier's honour.
207:
25:
1645:Royal Corps of Signals officers
1595:Ombudsmen in the United Kingdom
890:The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
847:Grantham and Kesteven Hospital
1:
966:"Sir Cecil Clothier obituary"
964:Morton, James (19 May 2010).
783:Home Affairs Select Committee
684:. The shame at producing the
312:Clothier was born in 1919 in
873:Retirement and personal life
853:". Clothier continued that "
658:Joint Consultants' Committee
551:Parliamentary investigations
16:English jurist and ombudsman
1620:20th-century English judges
1610:Members of the Inner Temple
886:Royal College of Physicians
775:Police Complaints Authority
354:Second Battle of El Alamein
320:family. He was educated at
308:Early life and army service
302:Police Complaints Authority
243:Second Battle of El Alamein
1661:
642:Local Government Ombudsman
1397:
1289:
1280:
1272:
1262:
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1226:
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81:
47:
1528:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1487:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1431:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1366:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1293:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1266:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1239:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
1212:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
638:Health Service Ombudsman
350:51st (Highland) Division
218:51st (Highland) Division
111:Sir Anthony Barrowclough
865:", Clothier remarked. "
447:and was also appointed
426:professional negligence
330:Lincoln College, Oxford
185:Lincoln College, Oxford
1615:English King's Counsel
902:Prince Michael of Kent
628:for re-consideration.
344:. Clothier joined the
338:Judge Advocate General
332:. The outbreak of the
938:", died in May 2010.
632:Health investigations
1004:"Sir Cecil Clothier"
348:and served with the
1538:Sir Michael Buckley
1497:Sir Michael Buckley
1441:Sir Michael Buckley
1376:Sir Michael Buckley
1187:Government offices
790:Metropolitan Police
515:observed Clothier,
418:industrial accident
260:Sir Cecil Montacute
1600:English barristers
1523:Sir Cecil Clothier
1482:Sir Cecil Clothier
1426:Sir Cecil Clothier
1361:Sir Cecil Clothier
1346:Sir Edmund Compton
898:Harefield Hospital
811:peace convoy near
788:He noted that the
443:In 1965, Clothier
379:lieutenant-colonel
322:Stonyhurst College
248:Invasion of Sicily
228:Lieutenant-Colonel
1577:
1576:
1451:Dame Julie Mellor
1386:Dame Julie Mellor
1299:
1298:
1290:Succeeded by
1263:Succeeded by
1236:Succeeded by
1209:Succeeded by
859:Dr Harold Shipman
795:Police Federation
769:Police complaints
407:called to the Bar
257:
256:
1652:
1533:Sir William Reid
1492:Sir William Reid
1436:Sir William Reid
1403:
1371:Sir William Reid
1325:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1273:Preceded by
1246:Preceded by
1219:Preceded by
1192:Preceded by
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1076:
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1069:
1067:
1065:
1056:. Archived from
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1035:
1031:
1016:
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1013:
1011:
1000:
981:
980:
978:
976:
961:
894:Sir Magdi Yacoub
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569:Irish travellers
537:
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508:
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494:
334:Second World War
238:Second World War
211:
199:Military service
155:
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136:
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121:Personal details
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59:
29:
21:
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1060:on 15 June 2010
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970:theguardian.com
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921:bentside spinet
879:Daily Telegraph
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843:Beverley Allitt
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469:General Medical
461:Judge of Appeal
434:corporate crime
430:commercial work
422:personal injury
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342:First World War
310:
278:Judge of Appeal
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1513:Sir Alan Marre
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1276:Sir Idwal Pugh
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1249:Sir Idwal Pugh
1247:
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1234:
1225:
1222:Sir Idwal Pugh
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1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1010:20 September
1008:. Retrieved
975:20 September
973:. Retrieved
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619:a sorry saga
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503:constitution
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399:Inner Temple
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316:to a devout
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267:
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259:
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234:Battles/wars
213:British Army
106:Succeeded by
83:
18:
1635:2010 deaths
1630:1919 births
1552:Legislation
1543:Ann Abraham
1456:Rob Behrens
1446:Ann Abraham
1391:Rob Behrens
1381:Ann Abraham
701:Franz Kafka
581:Home Office
545:prima facie
465:Isle of Man
457:Crown Court
282:Isle of Man
163:Nationality
94:Preceded by
1584:Categories
1287:1979–1984
1260:1979–1984
1233:1979–1984
1206:1979–1984
1064:18 October
942:References
917:clavichord
813:Stonehenge
180:Alma mater
152:2010-05-09
148:8 May 2010
133:1919-08-28
779:Whitehall
574:ex gratia
563:by forty
479:Ombudsman
453:Blackpool
445:took silk
414:barrister
409:in 1950.
314:Liverpool
139:Liverpool
84:In office
749:Superman
732:Overview
689:hopeless
540:consular
449:recorder
391:Ferranti
371:Mae West
318:Catholic
294:Scotland
268:Clothier
191:Nickname
929:Swedish
909:gliding
530:incite
463:on the
403:Bencher
352:at the
280:on the
166:English
150: (
131: (
925:Sweden
919:and a
831:Jersey
473:Dental
375:Oxford
171:Spouse
158:London
823:'
817:'
809:hippy
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565:gypsy
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367:pilot
298:Wales
264:Spike
194:Spike
1066:2011
1012:2018
977:2018
471:and
428:and
296:and
288:and
224:Rank
145:Died
126:Born
869:."
451:of
438:ICI
395:Bar
385:Law
328:at
326:law
271:KCB
38:KCB
31:Sir
1586::
1039:^
1020:^
985:^
968:.
950:^
931:.
825:.
765:"
505:.
491::
424:,
381:.
304:.
292:,
274:QC
266:"
246:•
241:•
216:•
41:QC
1324:e
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1068:.
979:.
262:"
154:)
135:)
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