46:
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are glossy, deciduous and 2.5–8 cm long. Leaves grow alternately on stems. The leaf petioles are less than 15 mm in length and the stipules are also deciduous. The leaf blade is lanceolate, elliptical or oblong to widely ovate in shape. Leaves can have one to two ribs from the base; they
369:
are also generally thin and have an acute to obtuse tip. Leaf margins are either entire or slightly dentate, more so towards the leaf tip. Leaf surfaces are light green and are ciliate or contain hairs visible only by magnification. The lower leaves are also hairy and lighter in color.
537:
have also been observed eating the stems and seeds. Nutritionally leaves are a good source of protein and stems and leaves also contain high levels of calcium. However, nutritional quality of leaves is seasonal and appears to be best from fall to early spring.
437:. Leaves elliptic, lanceolate or oblong to ovate in shape and are three ribbed, from the leaf base. Leaf surfaces have small hairs and the undersides are less hairy than the surface. Flowers generally white or blue.
1271:
1261:
391:
species do not resprout from the root after the crown has burned as a result of fire where most other species are able to regenerate. Pollination of flowers is primarily by
467:. Leaf blades elliptical or lanceolate and oblong to obovate in shape. Leaf base is three ribbed from the leaf base. Leaves are also pubescent on both sides. Flowers white.
518:
by providing nitrogen. It does this by creating nitrogen rich patches in the soil. The nitrogen source is created by its root association with nitrogen fixing bacteria.
361:
roots. Its stems are round yellow to pale green in color with either small soft to straight stiff sharp hairs parallel to or in contact with the surface of the stem,.
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1130:
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It regenerates by seed, shoot formation from the crown and stem, and also by layering when branches come in contact with soil. It has been suggested that some
457:. Leaf blades oblong or ovate. Leaf bases are three ribbed at the base. Leaf surfaces are pubescent on both the surface and undersides. Flowers are white.
320:
376:
are white or blue and rarely pink in color. They are produced in raceme clusters of 15 centimeters or less and contain both male and female organs. The
1039:
759:
353:
shrub from 1–4 metres (3.3–13.1 ft) tall with an open ascending to erect branch habit. It is a drought-tolerant phanerophyte. Nitrogen-fixing
1104:
1052:
837:
Oakley B. B., North, M. P., & Franklin, J. F. (2003). The effects of fire on soil nitrogen associated with patches of the actinorhizal shrub
1169:
892:
1241:
817:
In: Fire
Effects Information . U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
410:
or physical disturbance. Seeds germinate best at about 1 inch soil depth in shady areas in the spring following fire scarification.
331:
798:
Griffin, James R. (1982). Pine seedlings, native ground cover, and Lolium multiflorum on Marble-Cone burn, Santa Lucia Range, CA.
546:
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Seed production occurs after about four years of age. High densities of seeds occur in the upper soil of
384:
about 4–5 mm in diameter with a slight crest; the seed is ejected from the capsule after splitting.
1057:
884:
162:
784:
Debano, L. F. & Conrad, C. E. (1978). The Effect of Fire on
Nutrients in the Chaparral Ecosystem.
1018:
990:
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335:
749:
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859:. University of California Publications in Botany 72. Sacramento: University of California Press.
190:
40:
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32:
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Gibbens, R. R. P. & Schultz, A. M. (1963). Brush manipulation on a deer winter range.
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83:
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will claim that cattle do immensely well on this plant during their seasonal
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p. 973. University of
California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles.
426:. Identification is primarily by leaf morphology and flower color:
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288:
57:
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Plants used by the
Indians of Mendocino County, California
850:
Manual of the
Vascular Plants of Butte County, California
402:
communities. Seeds remain viable up to 24 years or more.
862:
Russell, C. P. (1932). Seasonal
Migration of Mule Deer.
549:
use the branches to treat women after childbirth. The
323:
regions, in hardwood forests, and in fir, spruce, and
608:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
1272:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
914:
514:is an important part of forest regeneration after
406:is broken by the removal of the seed coat by fire
857:Origin and relationships of the California Flora
852:p. 192. Native Plant Society, Sacramento.
8:
1262:Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
902:
855:Raven, P. H. & Axelrod, D. I. (1977).
31:
20:
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557:also use the branches of this plant in
848:Oswald, V. H. & Ahart, L. (1994).
823:Munz, P. A. & Keck, D. D. (1959).
7:
1188:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30133035-2
825:A California Flora with Supplement
332:California chaparral and woodlands
14:
813:Howard, Janet L. (1997). System
547:Indigenous peoples of California
44:
321:montane chaparral and woodlands
418:There are four weakly defined
357:bacteria form root nodules on
1:
834:. Timber Press, Oregon: 1988.
330:, being most abundant in the
1242:Flora of Washington (state)
832:Native American Ethnobotany
283:, known by the common name
1288:
760:Government Printing Office
16:Species of flowering plant
196:
189:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
806:Jepson Flora Treatment:
793:California Fish and Game
295:, native to the western
287:, is a species of woody
895:Ceanothus integerrimus'
946:Ceanothus integerrimus
916:Ceanothus integerrimus
887:Ceanothus integerrimus
879:Ceanothus integerrimus
815:Ceanothus integerrimus
808:Ceanothus integerrimus
521:Deer and specifically
508:
506:Yosemite National Park
502:Ceanothus integerrimus
472:Ceanothus integerrimus
461:Ceanothus integerrimus
451:Ceanothus integerrimus
441:Ceanothus integerrimus
431:Ceanothus integerrimus
424:Ceanothus integerrimus
347:Ceanothus integerrimus
280:Ceanothus integerrimus
257:Ceanothus peduncularis
233:Ceanothus mogollonicus
225:Ceanothus macrothyrsus
217:Ceanothus californicus
209:Ceanothus californicus
172:Ceanothus integerrimus
25:Ceanothus integerrimus
885:Jepson Interchange –
877:USDA Plant Profiles:
864:Ecological Monographs
499:
486:(mountain whitethorn)
212:Keller ex K.Brandegee
839:Ceanothus cordulatus
750:Chesnut, Victor King
484:Ceanothus cordulatus
479:(Lemmon's ceanothus)
477:Ceanothus tomentosus
249:Ceanothus nevadensis
241:Ceanothus myrianthus
201:Ceanothus andersonii
154:C. integerrimus
1267:Flora of California
1257:Flora of New Mexico
555:Northern California
380:is a sticky valved
265:Ceanothus puberulus
866:2:1 pp. 1–46.
509:
1224:
1223:
1144:Open Tree of Life
908:Taxon identifiers
795:49 (2): 95–118. .
328:plant communities
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703:(Kellogg) Benson
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474:hybridizes with
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897:– Photo Gallery
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575:Konkow language
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512:C. integerrimus
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325:Ponderosa pine
319:. It grows in
291:in the family
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779:Bibliography
764:. Retrieved
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611:. Retrieved
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567:Concow tribe
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511:
510:
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455:macrothyrsus
454:
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445:integerrimus
444:
440:
435:californicus
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355:actinomycete
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1162:kew-2706754
1118:NatureServe
1066:iNaturalist
940:Wikispecies
845:254: 35–46.
613:14 December
553:Indians of
342:Description
84:Angiosperms
1231:Categories
1157:Plant List
967:Calflora:
594:References
531:Porcupines
500:Flowering
317:Washington
309:California
305:New Mexico
293:Rhamnaceae
285:deer brush
130:Rhamnaceae
1237:Ceanothus
1032:250101395
766:24 August
523:mule deer
516:wildfires
465:puberulus
420:varieties
414:Varieties
400:Ceanothus
389:Ceanothus
359:Ceanothus
351:deciduous
148:Species:
141:Ceanothus
54:Kingdom:
1201:27500250
1196:Tropicos
1123:2.129556
1097:10968009
1084:716850-1
931:Q5055724
925:Wikidata
752:(1902).
584:ranchers
561:complex
525:feed on
191:Synonyms
126:Family:
97:Eudicots
1045:3039382
800:Madrono
786:Ecology
588:grazing
563:baskets
559:weaving
492:Ecology
382:capsule
374:flowers
301:Arizona
252:Kellogg
220:Kellogg
136:Genus:
120:Rosales
116:Order:
58:Plantae
1170:PLANTS
1149:985051
1058:315998
1019:ceaint
1016:FEIS:
996:582496
960:436522
581:Cattle
571:hē′-bē
565:. The
366:leaves
315:, and
313:Oregon
268:Greene
260:Greene
244:Greene
236:Greene
181:&
110:Rosids
1175:CEIN3
1136:54782
1110:28479
1092:IRMNG
1071:62227
1009:CEAIN
551:Miwok
535:quail
504:, in
463:var.
453:var.
443:var.
433:var.
378:fruit
349:is a
289:shrub
204:Parry
179:Hook.
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1183:POWO
1131:NCBI
1105:ITIS
1079:IPNI
1053:GRIN
1040:GBIF
1004:EPPO
983:RYRJ
970:1797
955:BOLD
768:2012
615:2014
542:Uses
533:and
481:and
393:bees
372:The
364:The
334:and
183:Arn.
1209:WFO
1027:FNA
991:EoL
978:CoL
577:).
422:of
299:in
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573:(
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