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314:, organizing cottage industries, and working for the settlement itself. Members also work off of the community. At times the work of the community has benefited the wider area. In 1962 Celo Community members Elizabeth and Ernest Morgan founded the Arthur Morgan School, a Quaker boarding school for students in 7th-9th grades. Physicians at Celo once ran a clinic open to people from outside the community and offering medical services for relatively low prices.
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confined there about Celo, and invited them to move to the community when the war ended. This group proved a receptive audience, and when the war ended several families moved to the community. Celo had a stable population by 1948. In that year, Camp Celo, a Quaker summer camp, was established by Doug
372:
In these early years, Celo was populated mostly with
Quakers and pacifists, a legacy left by Morgan's recruitment in the conscientious objector camps. Early growth was constant, but slowed during the 1950s due to conflicts with ex-members. By the 1960s however, national movements of communal living,
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In 1959, the community restated its goals. Among these were “to pay allegiance to our common humanity overshadowing religious, racial, economic or political differences.” Members are expected to work “at a calling that will provide simple but adequate living…to raise some of their own food and in
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system, by which members may own personal homes, but the land itself (including the land under those homes) is owned by the community. Land is never sold to members, but is assigned for periods of time on the condition that members live harmoniously with the land and their neighbors. Money is
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explained the cooperative element of Celo by employing a metaphor, which he named “human uranium.” Morgan explained that although a cubic yard of granite contains enough uranium to blow up a mountain, the particles have no effect when separated. Only when brought together, in what is called a
1287:
Intentional
Communities: 1959 Yearbook of the Fellowship of Intentional Communities (Yellow Springs, Ohio: Fellowship of Intentional Communities, 1959), 28. Quoted in Miller, Timothy. The Quest for Utopia in Twentieth Century America. Volume I: 1900-1960. Syracuse University Press: 1998. pp
317:
The
Community accepts new members by consensus. A vote is held at regular meetings of the community. New admits must receive an affirmative vote with no more than fifteen percent of those present and voting dissenting. Members may also vote to dismiss members from the community.
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During the first few years, Celo experienced frequent turnover of residents and difficulty in recruitment of members as the community struggled to establish a clear identity and direction. During this time, Celo also suffered from attacks for its opposition to World War II.
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In 2021, Celo was home to 79 adult members. The community has a slow membership process, and has a waiting list of families hoping to be admitted. Families who are unable to live at Celo due to a long waiting list have begun settling on the community's periphery.
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334:, to suggest one. Morgan suggested he underwrite the founding of an intentional community. Regnery's beliefs seemed, at first glance, to clash with Morgan's vision for a communal settlement: he was a conservative and mild anti-Semite who opposed the
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The Celo
Community Constitution states as its overriding purpose “to provide an opportunity for its members to enjoy a life that includes personal expression, neighborly friendship and cooperation, and appreciative care of the natural environment.”
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occasionally lent to community members for the purpose of improving land. In the words of the Celo
Community Constitution, this system is meant to “encourage personal enterprise among members by making land and money available” for productive use.
397:, abbreviated "Cfb" on climate maps. The highest temperature recorded in Celo was 97 °F (36.1 °C) on June 25–26, 1952 and June 28, 1952, while the lowest temperature recorded was −16 °F (−26.7 °C) on January 21, 1985.
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doing so to conserve rather than deplete the land.” The community also stated as a central goal “to rear our children in a wholesome environment where they can become acquainted with nature and be stimulated by intellectual freedom.”
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Morgan, Regnery, and Morgan's son, Griscom Morgan, chose the land that would become Celo. A board of directors was formed, including among its members Morgan, Regnery, and
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Lockyer, Joshua. Seeing Like a
Commons: Eighty Years of Intentional Community Building and Commons Stewardship in Celo, North Carolina. Lexington Press: 2021.
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Miller, Timothy. The Quest for Utopia in
Twentieth Century America. Volume I: 1900-1960. Syracuse University Press: 1998. pp 157–158
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Historically and today, cooperation has been at the forefront of the community's mission. Founder
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Code of
Regulations of Celo Community, Inc., Article 3 (“Members”). Reprinted in Hicks, 221.
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with its own rules of taxation and land tenure that runs its internal government by
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Climate data for Celo, North
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Celo Community Constitution, preamble. Reprinted in Hicks, 226.
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camps in an attempt to recruit community members. He told the
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1368:"Arthur Morgan School | Boarding Middle School, Farm Program"
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was looking for a social project to fund. He asked a friend,
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Unincorporated communities in Yancey County, North Carolina
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222:) is a communal settlement in the
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1344:"History | Arthur Morgan School"
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1298:The History of Celo Community
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349:, executive secretary of the
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393:system, Celo has an
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18:Celo, North Carolina
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379:
371:
359:
355:
344:
325:
316:
309:
301:
289:
277:
273:
269:
250:. Celo is a
242:between the
185:
184:
1666:Ghost towns
1655:Wolf Laurel
1592:communities
1544:County seat
1089:(≥ 0.01 in)
143:Established
100: /
1727:Categories
1640:Ramseytown
1615:Cane River
1605:Bent Creek
1569:Burnsville
1551:Burnsville
1377:2017-02-19
1353:2017-02-19
1211:References
1136:(≥ 0.1 in)
304:land trust
298:Operations
252:land trust
234:valley of
161:Founded by
1689:Footnotes
1680:Lost Cove
1635:Micaville
1467:April 13,
1445:April 13,
1200:Camp Celo
312:Camp Celo
256:consensus
1674:Boonford
1411:14 April
1260:Archived
1194:See also
1082:(32.61)
1012:(1,636)
943:Average
868:(−16.3)
863:(−11.8)
813:(−11.9)
808:(−14.9)
336:New Deal
240:Township
1630:Higgins
1600:Bee Log
1072:(0.51)
858:(−7.8)
853:(−3.1)
838:(10.9)
823:(−3.1)
818:(−8.4)
793:(−3.4)
788:(−0.8)
778:(11.2)
773:(14.6)
768:(15.2)
763:(13.1)
748:(−0.1)
743:(−3.3)
738:(−5.2)
728:(11.2)
713:(11.6)
708:(17.0)
703:(20.1)
698:(20.7)
693:(18.8)
688:(15.4)
683:(11.3)
658:(17.5)
648:(13.2)
643:(18.2)
638:(22.8)
633:(25.6)
628:(26.3)
623:(24.6)
618:(21.7)
613:(18.4)
608:(13.2)
588:(31.8)
583:(19.4)
578:(22.5)
573:(26.1)
568:(29.0)
563:(30.5)
558:(31.1)
553:(30.4)
548:(29.1)
543:(27.7)
538:(24.5)
533:(19.6)
528:(18.8)
385:Climate
322:History
260:Quakers
151: (
133:Country
88:82°11′W
85:35°50′N
1610:Busick
1237:
1129:124.7
1077:(5.6)
1067:(0.0)
1062:(0.0)
1057:(0.0)
1052:(0.0)
1047:(0.0)
1042:(0.0)
1037:(1.3)
1032:(8.4)
1027:(5.8)
1007:(120)
1002:(115)
997:(109)
992:(152)
987:(143)
982:(147)
977:(147)
972:(150)
967:(152)
962:(134)
957:(118)
952:(149)
938:(−27)
933:(−26)
928:(−18)
923:(−13)
893:(−12)
888:(−22)
883:(−23)
878:(−27)
848:(3.9)
843:(9.7)
833:(7.1)
828:(1.6)
798:(5.0)
783:(4.9)
758:(9.1)
753:(4.2)
723:(2.8)
718:(6.2)
678:(6.6)
673:(3.0)
668:(1.0)
653:(9.1)
603:(9.3)
598:(7.2)
409:Month
113:County
1650:Swiss
1645:Sioux
1114:12.5
1111:12.3
1108:12.8
1105:11.5
1102:10.6
1099:11.1
1022:(11)
1010:64.34
918:(−3)
903:(−2)
898:(−7)
518:(36)
513:(25)
508:(27)
503:(31)
498:(34)
493:(35)
488:(35)
483:(36)
478:(33)
473:(32)
468:(30)
463:(27)
458:(27)
448:Year
292:co-op
123:State
1620:Celo
1561:Town
1469:2023
1447:2023
1413:2016
1288:157.
1235:ISBN
1176:5.3
1173:1.3
1170:0.2
1167:0.0
1164:0.0
1161:0.0
1158:0.0
1155:0.0
1152:0.0
1149:0.2
1146:0.7
1143:1.2
1140:1.7
1126:9.9
1123:8.3
1120:7.0
1117:9.5
1096:9.5
1093:9.7
1080:12.7
1005:4.71
1000:4.52
995:4.29
990:6.00
985:5.62
980:5.77
975:5.77
970:5.90
965:5.98
960:5.27
955:4.64
950:5.87
913:(0)
908:(0)
861:10.7
856:17.9
851:26.4
846:39.0
841:49.4
836:51.7
831:44.8
826:34.8
821:26.5
816:16.9
811:10.5
796:40.9
791:25.9
786:30.6
781:40.9
776:52.1
771:58.3
766:59.3
761:55.5
756:48.4
751:39.6
746:31.8
741:26.0
736:22.7
726:52.2
721:37.1
716:43.2
711:52.8
706:62.6
701:68.1
696:69.3
691:65.9
686:59.7
681:52.4
676:43.8
671:37.4
666:33.8
656:63.4
651:48.3
646:55.8
641:64.7
636:73.1
631:78.0
626:79.4
621:76.3
616:71.0
611:65.1
606:55.8
601:48.7
596:44.9
586:89.3
581:66.9
576:72.5
571:79.0
566:84.2
561:86.9
556:88.0
551:86.8
546:84.4
541:81.9
536:76.1
531:67.2
526:65.8
445:Dec
442:Nov
439:Oct
436:Sep
433:Aug
430:Jul
427:Jun
424:May
421:Apr
418:Mar
415:Feb
412:Jan
338:and
219:-loh
171:Area
153:1937
146:1937
1075:2.2
1070:0.2
1065:0.0
1060:0.0
1055:0.0
1050:0.0
1045:0.0
1040:0.0
1035:0.5
1030:3.3
1025:2.3
1020:4.2
936:−16
931:−14
876:−16
866:2.7
806:5.2
226:of
217:SEE
1729::
1547::
1532:,
1430:^
1404:.
1370:.
1346:.
1305:^
1249:^
1219:^
926:−1
916:27
911:32
906:32
901:29
896:19
891:11
886:−7
881:−9
516:97
511:77
506:80
501:88
496:94
491:95
486:95
481:97
476:91
471:89
466:86
461:81
456:80
353:.
207:oʊ
201:iː
1676:‡
1657:‡
1519:e
1512:t
1505:v
1471:.
1449:.
1415:.
1380:.
1356:.
1243:.
921:9
283:“
210:/
204:l
198:s
195:ˈ
192:/
188:(
155:)
20:)
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