703:. Some of these new drugs target membrane receptors. Current approaches to structure-based drug design can be divided into two categories. The first category is about determining ligands for a given receptor. This is usually accomplished through database queries, biophysical simulations, and the construction of chemical libraries. In each case, a large number of potential ligand molecules are screened to find those fitting the binding pocket of the receptor. This approach is usually referred to as ligand-based drug design. The key advantage of searching a database is that it saves time and power to obtain new effective compounds. Another approach of structure-based drug design is about combinatorially mapping ligands, which is referred to as receptor-based drug design. In this case, ligand molecules are engineered within the constraints of a binding pocket by assembling small pieces in a stepwise manner. These pieces can be either atoms or molecules. The key advantage of such a method is that novel structures can be discovered.
370:
338:
26:
196:
477:
678:
186:: Ligand binding to the extracellular part of the receptor induces a rotation (conformational change) of part of the receptor's transmembrane helices. The rotation alters which parts of the receptor are exposed on the intracellular side of the membrane, altering how the receptor can interact with other proteins within the cell.
649:. Also, the cortical NMDA receptor influences membrane fluidity, and is altered in Alzheimer's disease. When the cell is infected by a non-enveloped virus, the virus first binds to specific membrane receptors and then passes itself or a subviral component to the cytoplasmic side of the cellular membrane. In the case of
287:. Upon activation of an extracellular domain by binding of the appropriate ligand, the pore becomes accessible to ions, which then diffuse. In other receptors, the transmembrane domains undergo a conformational change upon binding, which affects intracellular conditions. In some receptors, such as members of the
462:
entry of many ions and small molecules. However, this open and occupied state only lasts for a minor duration and then the gate is closed, becoming the closed and occupied state. The two molecules of acetylcholine will soon dissociate from the receptor, returning it to the native closed and unoccupied state.
461:
binding site each. This receptor can exist in three conformations. The closed and unoccupied state is the native protein conformation. As two molecules of acetylcholine both bind to the binding sites on α subunits, the conformation of the receptor is altered and the gate is opened, allowing for the
156:
can have several kinds of membrane receptors, with varying surface distributions. A single receptor may also be differently distributed at different membrane positions, depending on the sort of membrane and cellular function. Receptors are often clustered on the membrane surface, rather than evenly
445:
During the signal transduction event in a neuron, the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor and alters the conformation of the protein. This opens the ion channel, allowing extracellular ions into the cell. Ion permeability of the plasma membrane is altered, and this transforms the extracellular
640:
If the membrane receptors are denatured or deficient, the signal transduction can be hindered and cause diseases. Some diseases are caused by disorders of membrane receptor function. This is due to deficiency or degradation of the receptor via changes in the genes that encode and regulate the
415:
are either enzymes themselves, or directly activate associated enzymes. These are typically single-pass transmembrane receptors, with the enzymatic component of the receptor kept intracellular. The majority of enzyme-linked receptors are, or associate with, protein
832:
247:. If the polypeptide chain crosses the bilayer several times, the external domain comprises loops entwined through the membrane. By definition, a receptor's main function is to recognize and respond to a type of ligand. For example, a
361:
Intracellular signaling proteins: these pass the signal to the organelles of the cell. Binding of the signal molecule to the receptor protein will activate intracellular signaling proteins that initiate a signaling
632:(GTP), thus activating the α subunit, which then dissociates from the β and γ subunits. The activated α subunit can further affect intracellular signaling proteins or target functional proteins directly.
396:
have ion channels for anions and cations, and constitute a large family of multipass transmembrane proteins. They participate in rapid signaling events usually found in electrically active cells such as
1418:
Müller-Pillascha F.; Wallrappa C.; Lachera U.; Friessb H.; Büchlerb M.; Adlera G.; Gress T. M. (1998). "Identification of a new tumour-associated antigen TM4SF5 and its expression in human cancer".
653:, it is known in vitro that interactions with receptors cause conformational rearrangements which release a virion protein called VP4.The N terminus of VP4 is myristylated and thus hydrophobic【
348:
processes through membrane receptors involve the external reactions, in which the ligand binds to a membrane receptor, and the internal reactions, in which intracellular response is triggered.
5073:
2327:
1453:
Scheuer K.; Marasb A.; Gattazb W.F.; Cairnsc N.; Förstlb H.; Müller W.E. (1996). "Cortical NMDA Receptor
Properties and Membrane Fluidity Are Altered in Alzheimer's Disease".
5246:
699:, the information about 3D structures of target molecules has increased dramatically, and so has structural information about the ligands. This drives rapid development of
457:
is a receptor linked to a cation channel. The protein consists of four subunits: alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), and delta (δ) subunits. There are two α subunits, with one
669:
COOH】. It is proposed that the conformational changes induced by receptor binding result in the attachment of myristic acid on VP4 and the formation of a channel for RNA.
6006:
4539:
5344:
2031:
1025:"The Dystroglycan Complex Is Necessary for Stabilization of Acetylcholine Receptor Clusters at Neuromuscular Junctions and Formation of the Synaptic Basement Membrane"
813:
3477:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
365:
Target proteins: the conformations or other properties of the target proteins are altered when a signaling pathway is active and changes the behavior of the cell.
624:
activation. The G-protein is a trimeric protein, with three subunits designated as α, β, and γ. In response to receptor activation, the α subunit releases bound
6476:
1639:
6040:
4409:
303:) domain of the receptor interacts with the interior of the cell or organelle, relaying the signal. There are two fundamental paths for this interaction:
937:
Rivière S, Challet L, Fluegge D, Spehr M, Rodriguez I (May 2009). "Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of vomeronasal chemosensors".
4799:
4794:
355:
Extracellular signaling molecule: an extracellular signaling molecule is produced by one cell and is at least capable of traveling to neighboring cells.
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4175:
2320:
758:
515:
associated receptors. Receptor tyrosine kinases have the largest population and widest application. The majority of these molecules are receptors for
6027:
4790:
3576:
3571:
2225:
547:. Most of these receptors will dimerize after binding with their ligands, in order to activate further signal transductions. For example, after the
6196:
5239:
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4496:
4491:
4486:
3452:
132:. Hundreds of different receptors are known and many more have yet to be studied. Transmembrane receptors are typically classified based on their
559:
residues in the enzyme portion of each receptor molecule. This will activate the tyrosine kinase and catalyze further intracellular reactions.
6514:
4870:
3740:
3567:
6153:
5999:
4481:
3427:
1231:
1206:
6181:
6035:
3655:
3467:
2937:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2313:
2289:
2024:
358:
Receptor protein: cells must have cell surface receptor proteins which bind to the signaling molecule and communicate inward into the cell.
677:
1282:
Akabas M.H.; Stauffer D.A.; Xu M.; Karlin A. (1992). "Acetylcholine receptor channel structure probed in cysteine-substitution mutants".
6705:
6552:
6543:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
4468:
3117:
1886:
6697:
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6428:
6092:
5232:
4373:
3342:
1854:
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5655:
5643:
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5017:
5012:
5007:
3230:
3025:
3020:
3015:
2651:
1632:
737:
276:
1317:
King N, Hittinger CT, Carroll SB (2003). "Evolution of key cell signaling and adhesion protein families predates animal origins".
6860:
6119:
5992:
5675:
5552:
4824:
4819:
3759:
3754:
2835:
2830:
727:
5003:
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3010:
2765:
2133:
2017:
369:
5688:
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4854:
4388:
3629:
3624:
3472:
3321:
3316:
2256:
613:
524:
337:
6736:
6266:
4393:
2294:
1159:
Ullricha A., Schlessingerb J.; Schlessinger, J (1990). "Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity".
6638:
6629:
4850:
3190:
3185:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2266:
1881:
1625:
493:
378:
901:
Dautzenberg FM, Hauger RL (February 2002). "The CRF peptide family and their receptors: yet more partners discovered".
4384:
2951:
2946:
2407:
2387:
2251:
2081:
976:"Cholesterol controls the clustering of the glycophospholipid-anchored membrane receptor for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate"
700:
609:. G protein-coupled receptors are involved in many diseases, and thus are the targets of many modern medicinal drugs.
6442:
5710:
5667:
3384:
3379:
3235:
3225:
3220:
3205:
3200:
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2437:
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149:
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2370:
2086:
1896:
1891:
1705:
1247:
Miyazawa A.; Fujiyoshi Y.; Unwin N. (2003). "Structure and gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor pore".
65:
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5724:
5263:
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4845:
4805:
4451:
3375:
3337:
3196:
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2863:
2353:
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2199:
1988:
1678:
1611:
722:
532:
528:
440:
402:
136:(three-dimensional) structure. If the three-dimensional structure is unknown, they can be classified based on
6865:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3649:
3644:
3561:
3556:
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3541:
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3211:
3122:
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2096:
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1816:
1788:
1715:
1695:
548:
520:
45:
20:
6019:
5911:
3362:
3357:
3274:
3269:
2868:
2469:
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2217:
2075:
1828:
1801:
903:
629:
485:
471:
454:
382:
315:
280:
133:
89:
6452:
4907:
3745:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3685:
3640:
3537:
3400:
3395:
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3250:
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3032:
2916:
2759:
2754:
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2738:
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2728:
2723:
2474:
2459:
1954:
1916:
1742:
1720:
1673:
692:
625:
582:
121:
105:
2009:
1488:
Wang R.; Gao Y.; Lai L. (2000). "LigBuilder: A Multi-Purpose
Program for Structure-Based Drug Design".
328:
activity. The enzymatic activity can also be due to an enzyme associated with the intracellular domain.
6721:
4957:
4615:
3927:
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1925:
1921:
1873:
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61:
612:
There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G-protein coupled receptors: the
422:
are integral membrane proteins that possess seven transmembrane helices. These receptors activate a
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3390:
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2718:
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2101:
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1400:
1074:"Activation of transmembrane cell-surface receptors via a common mechanism? The "rotation model""
883:
774:
717:
25:
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911:
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732:
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598:
512:
508:
256:
255:, or atomic ions may each bind to the extracellular domain as a ligand coupled to receptor.
248:
77:
6839:
6408:
6418:
6403:
6393:
6388:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
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779:
748:
552:
489:
325:
232:
215:
1515:
Schneider G.; Fechner U. (2005). "Computer-based de novo design of drug-like molecules".
430:
binding, and the G-protein mediates receptor effects on intracellular signaling pathways.
1388:
871:
6252:
5336:
5288:
4926:
3786:
3614:
2841:
2634:
2629:
2619:
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1971:
1778:
1648:
1617:
1106:
1073:
1049:
1024:
1000:
975:
195:
165:
Two models have been proposed to explain transmembrane receptors' mechanism of action.
57:
53:
1431:
1144:
Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane protein ligands and regulators of receptors
915:
480:
Sketch of an enzyme-linked receptor structure (structure of IGF-1R) (click to enlarge)
6854:
6173:
5814:
5744:
5328:
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3546:
3482:
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458:
177:
172:: The dimerization model suggests that prior to ligand binding, receptors exist in a
153:
145:
85:
69:
49:
1404:
887:
377:
Membrane receptors are mainly divided by structure and function into 3 classes: The
341:
External reactions and internal reactions for signal transduction (click to enlarge)
283:, the transmembrane domain forms a protein pore through the membrane, or around the
6571:
6562:
6310:
5932:
4903:
3301:
3295:
2905:
2890:
2713:
2480:
1998:
1763:
1759:
1579:
476:
125:
6590:
6581:
5255:
1993:
1806:
686:
551:
receptor binds with its ligand EGF, the two receptors dimerize and then undergo
284:
129:
307:
The intracellular domain communicates via protein-protein interactions against
16:
Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane
5205:
5121:
4348:
2274:
2185:
1946:
650:
97:
1375:
Gilman A.G. (1987). "G Proteins: Transducers of
Receptor-Generated Signals".
1097:
4914:
4835:
2357:
1976:
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1295:
753:
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1338:
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1115:
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991:
960:
923:
585:
which bind and activate these receptors include: photosensitive compounds,
1550:
Jorgensen W.L. (2004). "The Many Roles of
Computation in Drug Discovery".
1474:
1439:
1396:
1303:
1180:
1040:
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176:
form. When agonist binding occurs, the monomers combine to form an active
6124:
5139:
5117:
2181:
1768:
1725:
646:
556:
93:
81:
29:
The seven-transmembrane α-helix structure of a G-protein-coupled receptor
1260:
1023:
Jacobson C.; Côté P.D.; Rossi S.G.; Rotundo R.L.; Carbonetto S. (2001).
952:
5859:
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540:
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chemical signal into an intracellular electric signal which alters the
427:
252:
141:
73:
1466:
833:"9.3: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Types of Receptors"
373:
Three conformation states of acetylcholine receptor (click to enlarge)
6804:
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Signal transduction through membrane receptors requires four parts:
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260:
6714:
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6524:
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586:
272:
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2013:
1621:
259:
is an enzyme which effects a receptor to recognize the ligand (
4378:
291:, the transmembrane domain includes a ligand binding pocket.
243:
The extracellular domain is just externally from the cell or
974:
Rothberg K.G.; Ying Y.S.; Kamen B.A.; Anderson R.G. (1990).
681:
Flow charts of two strategies of structure-based drug design
1595:
577:
family of transmembrane receptors. They are found only in
271:
Two most abundant classes of transmembrane receptors are
96:; they react with the receptor to induce changes in the
405:. Opening and closing of ion channels is controlled by
492:; Tyrosine kinase associated receptors; Receptor-like
1129:
Superfamilies of single-pass transmembrane receptors
6735:
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6676:
6657:
6628:
6599:
6580:
6561:
6542:
6523:
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2064:
2055:
1939:
1909:
1872:
1847:
1815:
1787:
1741:
1734:
1659:
68:that allow communication between the cell and the
311:, which in turn pass a signal to the destination.
814:Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family
645:influences the migration of hepatic cells and
6000:
5240:
2321:
2025:
1633:
858:Cuatrecasas P. (1974). "Membrane Receptors".
601:. These vary in size from small molecules to
573:G protein-coupled receptors comprise a large
8:
6107:
6007:
5993:
5985:
5920:
5732:
5276:
5247:
5233:
5225:
5129:
5111:
4922:
4898:
4464:
4446:
3782:
3169:
2814:
2375:
2366:
2348:
2328:
2314:
2306:
2061:
2032:
2018:
2010:
1821:
1738:
1640:
1626:
1618:
100:and activity of a cell. In the process of
1610:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1105:
1048:
999:
759:Low Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor
620:signaling pathway. Both are mediated via
235:can usually be divided into three parts.
6028:Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase
2226:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
676:
641:receptor protein. The membrane receptor
475:
368:
336:
194:
24:
1192:
1190:
824:
484:As of 2009, there are 6 known types of
3478:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
4482:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
152:, cross as many as seven times. Each
124:. There are various kinds, including
72:. The extracellular molecules may be
7:
6036:Bone morphogenetic protein receptors
2290:Lipoprotein receptor-related protein
744:High affinity neurotrophin receptors
1887:Transcription preinitiation complex
1389:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003151
1224:Ion channels of excitable membranes
872:10.1146/annurev.bi.43.070174.001125
6698:Guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor
1855:Signal transducing adaptor protein
1072:Maruyama, Ichiro N. (2015-09-01).
738:Fibroblast growth factor receptors
277:single-pass transmembrane proteins
14:
636:Membrane receptor-related disease
279:. In some receptors, such as the
4831:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
728:Epidermal growth factor receptor
281:nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
148:once, while others, such as the
6093:Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor
4791:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
2134:Metabotropic glutamate receptor
318:, the intracellular domain has
3453:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2257:Tumor necrosis factor receptor
1201:. Wiley-IEEE. pp. 87–94.
525:platelet-derived growth factor
1:
6737:Receptor tyrosine phosphatase
4871:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
3741:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
2295:Progestin and adipoQ receptor
1517:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
1490:Journal of Molecular Modeling
1432:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00633-1
1377:Annual Review of Biochemistry
916:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)01946-6
860:Annual Review of Biochemistry
628:(GDP), which is displaced by
549:epidermal growth factor (EGF)
140:. In the simplest receptors,
1173:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90801-K
394:Ion channel linked receptors
120:Many membrane receptors are
3656:Prolactin-releasing peptide
2341:G protein-coupled receptors
2270:-Acetylglucosamine receptor
2252:Asialoglycoprotein receptor
2082:Protease-activated receptor
1029:The Journal of Cell Biology
980:The Journal of Cell Biology
701:structure-based drug design
673:Structure-based drug design
563:G protein-coupled receptors
435:Ion channel-linked receptor
420:G protein-coupled receptors
379:ion channel linked receptor
231:Transmembrane receptors in
150:G-protein coupled receptors
112:through the cell membrane.
6882:
2262:Immunoglobulin superfamily
2057:G protein-coupled receptor
1197:Kenneth B. Storey (1990).
684:
616:signaling pathway and the
569:G protein-coupled receptor
566:
469:
438:
387:G protein-coupled receptor
66:integral membrane proteins
60:by receiving (binding to)
18:
5807:Voltage- and ligand-gated
5264:ligand-gated ion channels
5128:
5110:
4921:
4897:
4463:
4445:
2365:
2347:
2087:Neurotransmitter receptor
1824:
723:Receptor tyrosine kinases
403:ligand-gated ion channels
110:cascading chemical change
48:that are embedded in the
6103:Receptor tyrosine kinase
4977:Calcium-sensing receptor
4846:Methuselah-like proteins
2231:Receptor tyrosine kinase
2200:Ligand-gated ion channel
1967:Neuroendocrine signaling
1612:Medical Subject Headings
691:Through methods such as
533:hepatocyte growth factor
529:fibroblast growth factor
441:Ligand-gated ion channel
6861:Transmembrane receptors
6020:enzyme-linked receptors
5553:Nicotinic acetylcholine
3123:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
3011:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
2097:Biogenic amine receptor
1564:10.1126/science.1096361
1352:Filmore, David (2004).
1331:10.1126/science.1083853
1296:10.1126/science.1384130
521:epidermal growth factor
486:enzyme-linked receptors
466:Enzyme-linked receptors
413:Enzyme-linked receptors
401:. They are also called
316:enzyme-linked receptors
116:Structure and mechanism
90:cell adhesion molecules
64:. They are specialized
62:extracellular molecules
42:transmembrane receptors
21:Receptor (biochemistry)
6016:Cell surface receptors
5004:Metabotropic glutamate
2218:Enzyme-linked receptor
2076:Prostaglandin receptor
2049:cell surface receptors
1829:cAMP-dependent pathway
1608:Cell+Surface+Receptors
1502:10.1007/s0089400060498
1090:10.1002/bies.201500041
992:10.1083/jcb.111.6.2931
904:Trends Pharmacol. Sci.
682:
630:guanosine triphosphate
481:
472:Enzyme-linked receptor
455:acetylcholine receptor
383:enzyme-linked receptor
374:
342:
299:The intracellular (or
228:
122:transmembrane proteins
34:Cell surface receptors
30:
5260:cell surface receptor
3033:Lysophosphatidic acid
2337:Cell surface receptor
1955:Synaptic transmission
1951:Neurocrine signaling
1874:Transcription factors
1721:PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
1358:Modern Drug Discovery
1199:Functional Metabolism
1041:10.1083/jcb.152.3.435
693:X-ray crystallography
680:
626:guanosine diphosphate
494:tyrosine phosphatases
479:
372:
340:
295:Intracellular domains
267:Transmembrane domains
239:Extracellular domains
198:
28:
6174:PDGF receptor family
5925:Purinergic receptors
4958:Vomeronasal receptor
3928:Vomeronasal receptor
2280:Transferrin receptor
1596:IUPHAR GPCR Database
1226:. Sunderland, Mass.
618:phosphatidylinositol
6112:EGF receptor family
4851:Parathyroid hormone
2811:signaling molecules
2208:Purinergic receptor
2092:Purinergic receptor
2072:Eicosanoid receptor
1984:Mechanotransduction
1972:Exocrine signalling
1779:Signaling molecules
1653:Signal transduction
1558:(5665): 1813–1818.
1354:"It's a GPCR world"
1261:10.1038/nature01748
1148:Membranome database
1133:Membranome database
953:10.1038/nature08029
718:Olfactory receptors
713:Adrenergic receptor
537:nerve growth factor
346:Signal transduction
333:Signal transduction
226:intracellular space
206:extracellular space
102:signal transduction
70:extracellular space
5693:β1δε - Muscle type
5272:Cys-loop receptors
5000:Glutamate receptor
4385:Protease-activated
2150:Pheromone receptor
2102:Olfactory receptor
1994:Ion channel gating
1726:Integrin receptors
1660:Signaling pathways
1601:2019-03-23 at the
1364:(November): 24–28.
837:Biology LibreTexts
775:Toll-like receptor
683:
482:
375:
343:
321:enzymatic activity
229:
142:polypeptide chains
38:membrane receptors
31:
6848:
6847:
6692:
6691:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5906:
5905:
5737:Ligand-gated only
5719:
5718:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
3774:
3773:
3161:
3160:
2804:
2803:
2303:
2302:
2236:Guanylate cyclase
2194:
2193:
2118:Secretin receptor
2041:Membrane proteins
2007:
2006:
1989:Phototransduction
1947:Intracrine action
1905:
1904:
1868:
1867:
1756:Neurotransmitters
1467:10.1159/000106881
1290:(5080): 307–310.
1255:(6943): 949–955.
1233:978-0-87893-321-1
1222:Hille B. (2001).
1208:978-0-471-41090-4
599:neurotransmitters
509:guanylyl cyclases
448:cell excitability
407:neurotransmitters
324:. Often, this is
309:effector proteins
138:membrane topology
78:neurotransmitters
6873:
6145:Insulin receptor
6108:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5986:
5921:
5733:
5277:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5226:
5130:
5112:
4923:
4899:
4465:
4447:
3783:
3170:
3068:Lysophospholipid
2815:
2376:
2371:Neurotransmitter
2367:
2349:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2062:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2011:
1960:Chemical synapse
1860:Scaffold protein
1822:
1817:Second messenger
1743:Receptor ligands
1739:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1619:
1584:
1583:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1496:(7–8): 498–516.
1485:
1479:
1478:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1194:
1185:
1184:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1003:
986:(6): 2931–2938.
971:
965:
964:
934:
928:
927:
898:
892:
891:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
829:
809:Second messenger
770:Immune receptors
749:Ephrin receptors
733:Insulin Receptor
697:NMR spectroscopy
513:histidine kinase
490:tyrosine kinases
249:neurotransmitter
223:
213:
203:
6881:
6880:
6876:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6851:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6731:
6688:
6672:
6653:
6624:
6595:
6576:
6557:
6538:
6519:
6495:
6471:
6447:
6423:
6334:
6305:
6281:
6247:
6213:
6168:
6139:
6097:
6022:
6013:
5983:
5974:
5902:
5896:
5888:
5866:
5801:
5715:
5697:
5692:
5684:- Ganglion type
5683:
5679:
5671:
5663:
5659:
5651:
5647:
5547:
5538:
5530:
5522:
5514:
5497:
5491:
5483:
5475:
5466:
5436:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5396:
5388:
5380:
5372:
5364:
5356:
5348:
5340:
5323:
5292:
5266:
5253:
5223:
5210:
5194:
5124:
5098:
4985:
4963:
4917:
4885:
4767:
4644:
4459:
4429:
4316:
3933:
3770:
3376:Cholecystokinin
3280:
3157:
2986:Free fatty acid
2926:
2810:
2809:Metabolites and
2800:
2640:
2545:
2442:
2361:
2343:
2334:
2304:
2299:
2245:Other/ungrouped
2240:
2212:
2190:
2170:
2154:
2138:
2122:
2106:
2051:
2038:
2008:
2003:
1935:
1901:
1864:
1843:
1839:Lipid signaling
1811:
1783:
1730:
1655:
1646:
1603:Wayback Machine
1592:
1587:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1529:10.1038/nrd1799
1514:
1513:
1509:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1325:(5631): 361–3.
1316:
1315:
1311:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1022:
1021:
1017:
973:
972:
968:
947:(7246): 574–7.
936:
935:
931:
900:
899:
895:
857:
856:
852:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
822:
804:Neuromodulators
800:
780:T cell receptor
709:
689:
675:
668:
664:
660:
638:
571:
565:
553:phosphorylation
474:
468:
443:
437:
335:
326:tyrosine kinase
297:
289:7TM superfamily
269:
241:
233:plasma membrane
219:
218:
216:plasma membrane
209:
208:
199:
193:
163:
118:
50:plasma membrane
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6879:
6877:
6869:
6868:
6866:Cell signaling
6863:
6853:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6741:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6694:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6680:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6633:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6601:AATYK receptor
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:
6549:
6547:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6449:
6448:
6446:
6445:
6440:
6434:
6432:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6345:
6343:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6292:
6290:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6253:VEGF receptors
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6224:
6222:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6032:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5916:gated channels
5908:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5811:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5767:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5741:
5739:
5730:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5711:Zinc-activated
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5557:
5555:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5507:
5505:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5290:
5285:
5283:
5281:5-HT/serotonin
5274:
5268:
5267:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5125:
5115:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5071:
5065:
5060:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
4997:
4991:
4983:
4979:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4932:
4930:
4919:
4918:
4902:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4803:
4797:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4473:
4471:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4416:
4407:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4382:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4337:
4332:
4330:Adrenomedullin
4326:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3792:
3790:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3757:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3683:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3638:
3633:
3627:
3618:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3450:
3444:
3439:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3408:Formyl peptide
3405:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3388:
3382:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3351:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3194:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2962:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2880:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2763:
2757:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2613:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2405:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2352:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2068:
2066:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1940:Other concepts
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1774:Growth factors
1771:
1766:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1649:Cell signaling
1647:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1591:
1590:External links
1588:
1586:
1585:
1542:
1523:(8): 649–663.
1507:
1480:
1461:(4): 210–214.
1445:
1410:
1367:
1344:
1309:
1274:
1239:
1232:
1214:
1207:
1186:
1167:(2): 203–212.
1151:
1136:
1121:
1084:(9): 959–967.
1064:
1035:(3): 435–450.
1015:
966:
929:
893:
850:
839:. 12 July 2018
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
811:
806:
799:
796:
795:
794:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
708:
707:Other examples
705:
685:Main article:
674:
671:
666:
662:
658:
637:
634:
567:Main article:
564:
561:
517:growth factors
470:Main article:
467:
464:
439:Main article:
436:
433:
432:
431:
417:
410:
367:
366:
363:
359:
356:
334:
331:
330:
329:
312:
296:
293:
268:
265:
240:
237:
192:
189:
188:
187:
181:
162:
159:
117:
114:
106:ligand binding
86:growth factors
58:cell signaling
56:. They act in
19:Main article:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6878:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6856:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6695:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:uncategorised
6675:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6656:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:MuSK receptor
6560:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:PTK7 receptor
6522:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6426:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6337:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6010:
6005:
6003:
5998:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5897:
5891:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5694:
5687:
5685:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5654:
5652:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5399:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5367:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5207:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5113:
5109:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3779:Miscellaneous
3777:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:Anaphylatoxin
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2869:Prostaglandin
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2652:Acetylcholine
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:cAMP receptor
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Intracellular
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Neurohormones
1761:
1760:Neuropeptides
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Fas apoptosis
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
970:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
941:
933:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
905:
897:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
851:
838:
834:
828:
825:
819:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
797:
791:
790:SCIMP protein
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:NMDA receptor
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
688:
679:
672:
670:
656:
655:myristic acid
652:
648:
644:
635:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
478:
473:
465:
463:
460:
459:acetylcholine
456:
451:
449:
442:
434:
429:
425:
421:
418:
414:
411:
408:
404:
400:
395:
392:
391:
390:
388:
384:
380:
371:
364:
360:
357:
354:
353:
352:
349:
347:
339:
332:
327:
323:
322:
317:
313:
310:
306:
305:
304:
302:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
190:
185:
182:
179:
175:
171:
168:
167:
166:
160:
158:
157:distributed.
155:
154:cell membrane
151:
147:
146:lipid bilayer
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:glycoproteins
123:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
27:
22:
6659:RET receptor
6630:AXL receptor
6582:ROS receptor
6544:RYK receptor
6501:DDR receptor
6477:ROR receptor
6453:TIE receptor
6429:LTK receptor
6340:EPH receptor
6311:Trk receptor
6287:HGF receptor
6219:FGF receptor
6015:
5915:
5879:
5871:
5806:
5736:
5702:
5640:
5560:
5259:
4968:
4935:
4908:Metabotropic
4772:
4657:
4610:
4568:
4534:
4505:
4476:
4321:
3946:
3795:
3746:Urotensin-II
3686:Somatostatin
3641:Prokineticin
3538:Melanocortin
3241:
3174:Neuropeptide
3113:Oxoglutarate
2955:
2917:Prostacyclin
2886:
2873:
2826:
2714:GHB receptor
2615:
2558:
2336:
2267:
2048:
1999:Gap junction
1834:Ca signaling
1797:Cell surface
1796:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1426:(1): 25–30.
1423:
1419:
1413:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1223:
1217:
1198:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1139:
1124:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1032:
1028:
1018:
983:
979:
969:
944:
938:
932:
907:
902:
896:
863:
859:
853:
841:. Retrieved
836:
827:
690:
639:
611:
572:
483:
452:
444:
419:
412:
393:
376:
350:
344:
319:
308:
298:
270:
242:
230:
220:
210:
200:
183:
170:Dimerization
169:
164:
130:lipoproteins
119:
41:
37:
33:
32:
5256:Ion channel
4616:Latrophilin
3751:Vasopressin
3736:Thyrotropin
3313:Angiotensin
3266:Neurotensin
2943:Cannabinoid
2922:Thromboxane
2275:Neuropilins
1910:By distance
1848:Assistants:
1807:Co-receptor
1383:: 615–649.
910:(2): 71–7.
866:: 169–214.
687:Drug design
507:; Receptor
496:; Receptor
488:: Receptor
301:cytoplasmic
285:ion channel
6855:Categories
5728:glutamates
5725:Ionotropic
5641:pentamers:
5206:Smoothened
5199:Smoothened
5122:Smoothened
4781:Calcitonin
3716:Tachykinin
3613:, but not
3607:Nociceptin
3473:Kisspeptin
3391:Endothelin
3354:Bradykinin
3242:Neuromedin
2819:Eicosanoid
2448:Purinergic
2380:Adrenergic
2186:smoothened
1977:Pheromones
1917:Juxtacrine
820:References
651:poliovirus
605:and large
591:pheromones
579:eukaryotes
539:(NGF) and
385:; and The
144:cross the
108:affects a
98:metabolism
5561:monomers:
5116:Class F:
4915:pheromone
4911:glutamate
4335:Olfactory
3371:Chemokine
3153:Succinate
2938:Bile acid
2746:Melatonin
2719:Histamine
2559:(all but
2551:Serotonin
2456:Adenosine
2358:Rhodopsin
2045:receptors
1931:Endocrine
1926:Paracrine
1922:Autocrine
1789:Receptors
1769:Cytokines
1098:1521-1878
1078:BioEssays
754:Integrins
622:G protein
502:threonine
424:G protein
245:organelle
174:monomeric
161:Mechanism
94:nutrients
82:cytokines
46:receptors
5872:‘Orphan’
5140:Frizzled
5133:Frizzled
5118:Frizzled
4960:, type 2
4866:Secretin
4806:Glucagon
4511:Cadherin
4469:Adhesion
4456:Secretin
3789:, bitter
3636:Oxytocin
3333:Bombesin
2981:Estrogen
2682:Dopamine
2182:Frizzled
1751:Hormones
1701:JAK-STAT
1689:MAPK/ERK
1684:TGF beta
1599:Archived
1572:15031495
1537:16056391
1455:Dementia
1405:33992382
1339:12869759
1269:12827192
1116:26241732
1059:11157973
961:19387439
924:11830263
888:44727052
798:See also
768:Several
647:hepatoma
607:proteins
603:peptides
595:hormones
557:tyrosine
543:such as
541:hormones
527:(PDGF),
519:such as
416:kinases.
362:cascade.
184:Rotation
134:tertiary
74:hormones
5770:Kainate
5503:Glycine
4929:, sweet
4904:Class C
4836:PACAPR1
4452:Class B
3661:Relaxin
3583:Motilin
3468:Ghrelin
3433:Galanin
3166:Peptide
2354:Class A
2175:Class F
2159:Class E
2143:Class D
2127:Class C
2111:Class B
2065:Class A
1882:General
1706:Akt/PKB
1580:1307935
1552:Science
1475:8835885
1440:9479038
1397:3113327
1319:Science
1304:1384130
1284:Science
1181:2158859
1107:5054922
1050:2195998
1010:2148564
1001:2116385
880:4368906
843:24 July
583:ligands
575:protein
555:of the
545:insulin
535:(HGF),
531:(FGF),
523:(EGF),
505:kinases
428:agonist
399:neurons
253:hormone
191:Domains
6805:PTPRN2
6727:GUCY2D
6722:GUCY2C
6661:family
6632:family
6620:AATYK3
6615:AATYK2
6603:family
6584:family
6565:family
6546:family
6527:family
6503:family
6479:family
6455:family
6431:family
6342:family
6313:family
6289:family
6277:VEGFR4
6272:VEGFR3
6267:VEGFR2
6262:VEGFR1
6255:family
6221:family
6207:PDGFRB
6202:PDGFRA
6147:family
6088:ACVRL1
6083:ACVR2B
6078:ACVR2A
6073:ACVR1C
6068:ACVR1B
6051:BMPR1B
6046:BMPR1A
5120:&
5049:GPRC6A
4786:CALCRL
4650:Orphan
3939:Orphan
3930:type 1
3621:Orexin
3609:&
3588:Opioid
3328:Apelin
1735:Agents
1614:(MeSH)
1578:
1570:
1535:
1473:
1438:
1403:
1395:
1337:
1302:
1267:
1249:Nature
1230:
1205:
1179:
1114:
1104:
1096:
1057:
1047:
1008:
998:
959:
940:Nature
922:
886:
878:
643:TM4SF5
597:, and
581:. The
498:serine
381:; The
257:Klotho
44:) are
6840:PTPRZ
6835:PTPRU
6830:PTPRT
6825:PTPRS
6820:PTPRR
6815:PTPRQ
6810:PTPRO
6800:PTPRN
6795:PTPRM
6790:PTPRK
6785:PTPRJ
6780:PTPRH
6775:PTPRG
6770:PTPRF
6765:PTPRE
6760:PTPRD
6755:PTPRC
6750:PTPRB
6745:PTPRA
6684:STYK1
6649:TYRO3
6610:AATYK
6414:EPHB6
6409:EPHB5
6404:EPHB4
6399:EPHB3
6394:EPHB2
6389:EPHB1
6384:EPHA8
6379:EPHA7
6374:EPHA6
6369:EPHA5
6364:EPHA4
6359:EPHA3
6354:EPHA2
6349:EPHA1
6330:NTRK3
6325:NTRK2
6320:NTRK1
6243:FGFR4
6238:FGFR3
6233:FGFR2
6228:FGFR1
6197:PDGFR
6182:CSF1R
6164:INSRR
6154:IGF1R
6135:ERBB4
6130:ERBB3
6125:ERBB2
6063:ACVR1
6056:BMPR2
6041:BMPR1
4969:Other
4936:TAS1R
4927:Taste
4825:GLP2R
4820:GLP1R
4773:Other
4638:ELTD1
4611:ADGRL
4569:ADGRG
4535:ADGRE
4506:ADGRC
4477:ADGRB
4458:-like
4340:Opsin
4322:Other
3796:TAS2R
3787:Taste
3615:Sigma
3597:Kappa
3592:Delta
3300:C5a (
3285:Other
2931:Other
2859:FPRL1
2827:CysLT
2645:Other
2596:5-HT2
2566:5-HT1
2561:5-HT3
2360:-like
1897:TFIIH
1892:TFIID
1716:Hippo
1696:Notch
1576:S2CID
1401:S2CID
884:S2CID
587:odors
426:upon
314:With
261:FGF23
178:dimer
92:, or
54:cells
6715:NPR2
6710:NPR1
6591:ROS1
6572:MUSK
6534:PTK7
6515:DDR2
6510:DDR1
6491:ROR2
6486:ROR1
6419:EPHX
6187:FLT3
6159:INSR
6120:EGFR
5880:GluD
5815:NMDA
5745:AMPA
5703:Zinc
5689:(α1)
5680:(β4)
5676:(α1)
5668:(α7)
5660:(β2)
5656:(α4)
5648:(β4)
5644:(α3)
5463:GABA
5337:GABA
5329:GABA
5289:5-HT
5074:RAIG
4982:GABA
4815:GIPR
4562:CD97
4410:SREB
4211:137B
4186:109B
4181:109A
3611:Zeta
3568:MCHR
3348:NMBR
3343:GRPR
3338:BRS3
2976:EBI2
2842:LTB4
2766:TAAR
2616:5-HT
2285:EDAR
1667:GPCR
1568:PMID
1533:PMID
1471:PMID
1436:PMID
1420:Gene
1393:PMID
1362:2004
1335:PMID
1300:PMID
1265:PMID
1228:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1177:PMID
1161:Cell
1112:PMID
1094:ISSN
1055:PMID
1006:PMID
957:PMID
920:PMID
876:PMID
845:2023
785:CD28
695:and
614:cAMP
511:and
453:The
275:and
273:GPCR
128:and
6706:ANP
6668:RET
6644:MER
6639:AXL
6553:RYK
6467:TEK
6462:TIE
6443:ALK
6438:LTK
6301:RON
6296:MET
6192:KIT
5933:P2X
5912:ATP
5860:L1B
5855:L1A
5604:α10
5068:179
5063:158
5058:156
5054:GPR
4841:GPR
4762:157
4757:155
4752:144
4747:143
4742:133
4737:128
4732:126
4727:125
4722:124
4717:123
4712:116
4707:115
4702:114
4697:113
4692:112
4687:111
4682:110
4658:GPR
4540:EMR
4379:RRH
4374:RGR
4369:1SW
4364:1MW
4359:1LW
4311:183
4306:182
4301:177
4296:176
4291:174
4286:173
4281:171
4276:162
4271:161
4266:160
4261:153
4256:152
4251:151
4246:150
4241:149
4236:148
4231:146
4226:142
4221:141
4216:139
4206:135
4201:132
4196:120
4191:119
4176:103
4171:101
3947:GPR
3483:MAS
3428:FSH
3296:C3a
3182:B/W
3118:PAF
2970:119
2956:GPR
2952:CB2
2947:CB1
2908:),
2885:),
2864:OXE
2481:P2Y
2470:A2B
2465:A2A
1679:RTK
1674:Wnt
1560:doi
1556:303
1525:doi
1498:doi
1463:doi
1428:doi
1424:208
1385:doi
1327:doi
1323:301
1292:doi
1288:258
1257:doi
1253:423
1169:doi
1146:in
1131:in
1102:PMC
1086:doi
1045:PMC
1037:doi
1033:152
996:PMC
988:doi
984:111
949:doi
945:459
912:doi
868:doi
661:(CH
657:=CH
263:).
52:of
6857::
6708::
6018::
5850:3B
5845:3A
5840:2D
5835:2C
5830:2B
5825:2A
5624:β4
5619:β3
5614:β2
5609:β1
5599:α9
5594:α7
5589:α6
5584:α5
5579:α4
5574:α3
5569:α2
5564:α1
5467:-ρ
5262::
5258:,
5189:10
5045:))
4913:/
4906::
4810:GR
4677:98
4672:97
4667:64
4662:56
4454::
4166:92
4161:88
4156:87
4151:85
4146:84
4141:83
4136:82
4131:81
4126:78
4121:75
4116:68
4111:65
4106:63
4101:62
4096:61
4091:55
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4081:50
4076:45
4071:44
4066:42
4061:39
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4051:35
4046:34
4041:33
4036:32
4031:31
4026:27
4021:26
4016:25
4011:23
4006:22
4001:21
3996:20
3991:19
3986:18
3981:17
3976:15
3971:12
3921:60
3916:50
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3906:45
3901:43
3896:42
3891:41
3886:40
3881:39
3876:38
3871:31
3866:30
3861:20
3856:19
3851:16
3846:14
3841:13
3836:10
3760:1B
3755:1A
3602:Mu
3532:X4
3527:X3
3522:X2
3517:X1
3492:1L
3363:B2
3358:B1
3309:))
3262:))
3197:FF
2972:))
2965:55
2960:18
2954:,
2910:FP
2887:EP
2874:DP
2760:1C
2755:1B
2750:1A
2739:H4
2734:H3
2729:H2
2724:H1
2707:D5
2702:D4
2697:D3
2692:D2
2687:D1
2676:M5
2671:M4
2666:M3
2661:M2
2656:M1
2625:5A
2540:14
2535:13
2530:12
2525:11
2520:10
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2438:β3
2433:β2
2428:β1
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5629:δ
5543:β
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5535:α
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5387:6
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