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258:. The cellist seems to have invented this, writing: "Pierrot wakes up with a start and shakes off his stupor. He rushes off to sing a serenade to his beloved who, despite his supplications, remains unmoved. To comfort himself in his failure he sings a song of liberty." Debussy confirmed in a letter to Durand dated 16 October 1916 that the cellist had visited him the previous night, and seemed to have misunderstood him and the music.
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140:: Prologue, Sérénade and Finale. It was composed and published in 1915. After performances in London and Geneva in 1916, the sonata's official premiere in Paris was played in 1917 by Joseph Salmon and Debussy. It was the first chamber music work in his late style, and became one of the key works in the repertoire from the 20th century.
180:. Throughout his career, he preferred the French keyboard music of the 18th century over German romanticism. Remaining in the French tradition was also a political statement during the World War. He described himself as a French musician on the title pages of project pieces.
271:" (The six sonatas for various instruments are offered to honour Emma-Claude Debussy. Her husband.). He completed only three of the six planned sonatas, a second for viola, flute and harp in October 1915, and the third, a violin sonata, in the winter of 1916–17.
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published a critical edition of the sonata, edited by Regina Back. She used
Debussy's sketches from a private collection for the first time, dealing with the balance of the instruments and attempting to clarify ambiguities in the
427:
form. The refrain has been described as "frankly attacking". The first couplet is in
Spanish style. After a modified refrain, a second couplet uses an element from the refrain in a slower tempo and marked
528:; They subsequently recorded all pieces on the program, playing Debussy's work with "a heightened sense of expressiveness". The Cello Sonata was recorded in 1991 by cellist François Guye and pianist
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elements. The first section consists of three motifs, with cello music reminiscent of a guitar. Its varied repetition uses flexible tempos. A contrasting section, marked
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noted that Guye played "sensitive nuances" and Rogé provided spontaneity and "the requisite spirit of caprice" in the second movement. It was recorded by cellist
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bowing, false harmonics and portamenti. The piece is considered technically demanding. The work takes about 10 minutes to perform. All movements are in
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The cello sonata became a staple of the modern cello repertoire and is commonly regarded as one of the finest masterpieces written for the instrument.
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The Cello Sonata has been recorded often, played in recitals for cello and piano or in collections of
Debussy's chamber music. In 1961,
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of what he described as a sonata in "almost classical form in the best sense of the word". It was printed in
December 1915.
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469:, Debussy followed the models of eighteenth-century mono-thematic sonatas. He was especially influenced by the music of
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Les Six
Sonates pour divers instruments sont offertes en hommage Ă Emma-Claude Debussy (p.m.) Son mari Claude Debussy
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Debussy composed the Cello Sonata as the first of the set within a few weeks in July at the
Normandy seaside town of
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390:. It is followed by a shortened repeat of the varied section, with the music disintegrating, leading to the finale.
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329:. A middle section varies both ideas, and contains a cello cadenza. The movement ends in a "murmur" in D major.
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in common time and marked (in French) as moderately animated. It is structured in a modified
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and marked (in
Italian) as slow, sustained and very determined. It opens in the style of a
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235:. It took until 24 March 1917 for the French premiere which was given in Paris by cellist
187:, as in French traditional sonatas. He had written many works in three movements such as
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784:"Britten, Schubert, Debussy: Cello Sonatas review – how history was made in Aldeburgh"
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Debussy dedicated the sonata, and actually the complete project, to his wife
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in 2017 in a collection of chamber music including the three late sonatas.
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and the first edition, many of which, unfortunately, remain unresolvable.
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claimed in program notes that
Debussy related the music to the character
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212:. He wrote to his publisher Durand on 5 August that he would send the
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encouraged the project, planned as an homage to 18th-century composers
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to compose six sonatas for different instruments. It consists of three
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time, marked (in French) as lively and nervous. It is in a modified
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Despite other information, the sonata was premiered in London's
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447:(passionate and animating). The work closes with abrupt chords.
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by David
Requiro (cello) and Elizabeth DeMio (piano) from the
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on 4 March 1916. It was played at the Casino Saint-Pierre in
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Debussy composed the cello sonata as the first in a project,
898:"Debussy Sonatas and Trios: Unforgettable Color and Texture"
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745:"Claude Debussy (1862-1918) / Cello Sonata in D minor ..."
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together with the other two late sonatas. A reviewer from
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in 1910, he had not composed at all. Debussy's publisher
937:"Debussy, Claude / Sonata for Violoncello and Piano"
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294:Debussy structured the sonata in three
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1423:Hommage Ă S. Pickwick Esq. P.P.M.P.C.
1186:Rhapsodie for saxophone and orchestra
764:"Les trois Sonates de Claude Debussy"
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16:Sonata for cello and piano by Debussy
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1219:Dances for Harp and String Orchestra
896:Serinus, Jason Victor (9 May 2018).
1234:Six sonatas for various instruments
804:Hersh, Stefan (28 September 2021).
461:The final two movements are joined
150:Six sonatas for various instruments
134:Six sonatas for various instruments
44:, 1912 portrait by Raphael Schwartz
769:(in French). Festival du Comminges
14:
1508:Cinq poèmes de Charles Baudelaire
1174:Fantaisie for piano and orchestra
1124:Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune
762:Begni, GĂ©rard (22 January 2017).
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305:Lent, sostenuto e molto risoluto
254:, and wanted to name the sonata
223:by cellist C. Warwick Evans and
117:Sonate pour violoncelle et piano
1636:Chamber music by Claude Debussy
976:Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum
878:French Cello Sonatas, 1871–1939
782:Clements, Andrew (3 May 2017).
743:Barker, David (November 2017).
480:and whole-tone and pentatonic
1:
1551:Le Martyre de saint SĂ©bastien
132:. It was part of his project
520:played it in concert at the
1379:La fille aux cheveux de lin
1070:La chute de la maison Usher
972:Performance of Cello Sonata
918:"Behind the Moon-eyed Mask"
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1372:Ce qu'a vu le vent d'ouest
963:Sonata for Cello and Piano
875:Sensbach, Stephen (2001).
748:musicweb-international.com
126:sonata for cello and piano
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1062:Le diable dans le beffroi
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408:The third movement is in
347:The second movement is a
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256:Pierrot Angry at the Moon
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1445:Four hands or two pianos
445:appassionato ed animando
164:of 1893. Diagnosed with
1651:Compositions in D minor
1461:Six Ă©pigraphes antiques
1393:La cathédrale engloutie
1386:La sérénade interrompue
476:The piece makes use of
404:Animé, léger et nerveux
1580:Impressionism in music
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183:Debussy planned three
144:History and background
1411:, Book 2 (1912–1913)
1353:, Book 1 (1909–1910)
916:Welsh, Moray (1992).
514:Mstislav Rostropovich
454:
397:
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1575:Musée Claude-Debussy
1365:Des pas sur la neige
1049:Pelléas et Mélisande
1026:List of compositions
309:The first movement,
1041:Rodrigue et Chimène
465:. Instead of using
290:Structure and music
73:Emma Claude Debussy
1585:Debussy quadrangle
1535:La Damoiselle Ă©lue
1327:Reflets dans l'eau
1180:Première rhapsodie
1105:La boîte à joujoux
522:Aldeburgh Festival
500:, making the work
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252:commedia dell'arte
162:his string quartet
1646:1915 compositions
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1500:Ariettes oubliées
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1402:La plus que lente
1336:Children's Corner
1290:suite (1894–1901)
1279:Suite bergamasque
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1167:L'enfant prodigue
888:978-1-90-186661-2
881:. Liliput Press.
855:"Debussy Sonatas"
544:Bertrand Chamayou
471:François Couperin
166:colorectal cancer
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1469:En blanc et noir
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1344:The Little Nigar
1271:Valse romantique
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1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1266:(1888, 1891)
1261:
1238:Cello Sonata
1237:
1225:
1165:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1122:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1068:
1060:
1052:(1893–1902)
1047:
1039:
945:. Retrieved
925:. Retrieved
921:
905:. Retrieved
901:
877:
864:. Retrieved
858:
853:(May 1991).
839:. Retrieved
813:. Retrieved
809:
793:. Retrieved
789:The Guardian
787:
771:. Retrieved
751:. Retrieved
747:
728:Serinus 2018
723:
711:
699:
672:
542:and pianist
540:Edgar Moreau
534:
526:Cello Sonata
511:
475:
460:
444:
429:
415:
403:
387:
383:
374:
367:(lively) in
364:
357:chromaticism
342:
310:
304:
293:
285:
273:
260:
255:
244:Louis Rosoor
242:The cellist
241:
225:Ethel Hobday
221:Aeolian Hall
218:
207:
200:
194:
188:
182:
147:
116:
115:
112:Cello Sonata
111:
109:
41:
22:Cello Sonata
1569:Emma Bardac
1527:Other vocal
1519:(1891–1904)
1511:(1887–1889)
1503:(1885–1887)
1456:(1886–1889)
1416:Brouillards
1339:(1906–1908)
1282:(1890–1905)
1188:(1901-1911)
1182:(1909–1910)
1176:(1889–1890)
1151:(1905–1912)
1143:(1903–1905)
1135:(1897–1899)
1100:(1912–1913)
1092:(1911–1912)
1073:(1908–1917)
1065:(1902–1911)
1044:(1890–1892)
941:Bärenreiter
716:Salter 1991
692:Barker 2017
650:Lesure 1998
530:Pascal Rogé
467:sonata form
321:. A second
315:common time
276:Bärenreiter
265:, writing "
158:Saint-Saëns
1630:Categories
1207:Piano Trio
1116:Orchestral
860:Gramophone
806:"Reveries"
665:Welsh 1992
629:Hersh 2021
614:Begni 2017
550:References
535:Gramophone
508:Recordings
436:morbidezza
341:Sérénade:
327:pentatonic
303:Prologue:
214:manuscript
124:135, is a
69:Dedication
1492:Beau soir
1228:for flute
1132:Nocturnes
829:"Preface"
502:homotonal
494:flautando
486:pizzicato
384:flautendo
296:movements
281:autograph
210:Pourville
185:movements
138:movements
94:Published
79:Performed
50:Catalogue
1615:Category
1409:Préludes
1351:Préludes
1295:Estampes
947:4 August
927:4 August
907:9 August
866:9 August
841:8 August
827:(1998).
815:8 August
795:9 August
773:8 August
753:9 August
490:spiccato
402:Finale:
353:bar form
349:serenade
313:, is in
311:Prologue
274:In 2008
174:Couperin
61:Composed
1562:Related
1303:Masques
1200:Chamber
498:D minor
463:attacca
443:marked
388:flutter
361:Spanish
250:of the
248:Pierrot
99: (
86:1917-03
84: (
1590:crater
1571:(wife)
1554:(1911)
1546:(1909)
1538:(1889)
1495:(1880)
1472:(1915)
1464:(1914)
1433:(1915)
1431:Études
1405:(1910)
1358:Voiles
1347:(1909)
1319:Images
1314:(1904)
1306:(1904)
1298:(1903)
1274:(1890)
1240:(1915)
1230:(1913)
1226:Syrinx
1221:(1904)
1215:(1893)
1209:(1879)
1170:(1884)
1148:Images
1140:La mer
1127:(1894)
1108:(1913)
1089:Khamma
1081:Ballet
982:format
943:. 2022
885:
482:scales
432:rubato
430:molto
365:Vivace
229:Geneva
202:Iberia
199:, and
178:Rameau
170:Durand
154:Septet
1484:Songs
1248:Piano
1033:Opera
836:Henle
832:(PDF)
767:(PDF)
478:modes
425:rondo
323:motif
1255:Solo
1097:Jeux
949:2022
929:2022
909:2022
883:ISBN
868:2022
843:2022
817:2022
797:2022
775:2022
755:2022
516:and
492:and
441:coda
434:con
386:and
263:Emma
176:and
110:The
101:1915
97:1915
64:1915
980:MP3
978:in
325:is
193:,
156:by
128:by
120:),
56:135
27:by
1632::
939:.
920:.
900:.
857:.
834:.
808:.
786:.
684:^
657:^
636:^
621:^
576:^
557:^
504:.
488:,
473:.
298::
205:.
122:L.
54:L.
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
951:.
931:.
911:.
891:.
870:.
845:.
819:.
799:.
777:.
757:.
730:.
718:.
706:.
694:.
667:.
652:.
631:.
616:.
571:.
416:4
375:8
114:(
103:)
88:)
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