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304:
496:) under the director, Leo Bernstein. Even though he was subject to despair, he was active in the cultural life, gave lectures in philosophy and history, and encouraged community members to hope for better days. He was the editor of the ghetto's official publication of “News of the Ghetto”. The issues were usually between six and ten pages, sometimes reaching sixteen pages. The staff printed a few dozen copies and distributed them at several sites in the ghetto.” Feldstein was a major participant in the “United Hebrew Committee of the Zionist Underground”, coordinated cultural activities in the Hebrew language, and helped give birth to the "Hebrew Scientific Society". Additionally, Feldstein wrote his memoirs, translated the opera “
200:
28:
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411:(the language spoken by Jews in Eastern Europe). According to his student Yozelit, Feldstein asked the students to speak Hebrew outside the school as well, and they tried to follow his request. The school's rented buildings (separate sections for boys and girls) were not comfortable; the classrooms were small and crowded. At the end of 1928, with the approval of the Lithuanian Ministry of Education, Feldstein visited the
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describe a period and insert into it a breath of life, until you thought you were living and working in the spoken period and were saturated in the atmosphere. You felt that he enjoyed teaching and the students enjoyed learning. He was a man of high stature. He could bring the students to the Torah and, in fact, excite them and possess their hearts. He was a friend, father, and mentor to his students.
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423:, in return for a fair payment, and the two traveled to the United States for several months. With many donations, including a significant one from the famous Lithuanian-born Jewish American philanthropist Edward Max Chase, and a loan from the Lithuanian Treasury, in the early 1930s a new, fully equipped building was built for the gymnasium.
527:
His youngest son, Joshua
Feldstein, later wrote that "he was an excellent teacher, role model, mentor, and consultant; he has inspired me as with many students over the years. He and my mother instilled in their children morals and high values, respect for every person, tolerance, the importance of
478:
where most of his wife's relatives lived. There, Feldstein taught
Russian at the “Real Yiddish” Gymnasium which Leib Turbowicz, the husband of his wife's sister, Nadia, founded and directed. Initially, Feldstein's family lived with his wife's niece's family. Their niece was later exiled to Siberia,
568:
in Kovno (Kaunas). At a fairly young age, Dr. Lev
Feldstein became a renowned surgeon in Kaunas, Lithuania. He married Sara, the youngest daughter of Esther Aronovsky, a successful business woman. They both were murdered in the holocaust. Their only daughter, Ada Levner, saved by Victoria and her
438:
in
Lithuania. He was active in the ethnographic-historical society in Kaunas, and he devoted his energy and his own money to the Jewish Community University (folks-universitet). Feldstein regularly spoke Hebrew, Yiddish, German, Russian, English, and Lithuanian, and could also speak in French and
385:
in 1915. Feldstein directed the gymnasium from 1922 until it closed during the Soviet invasion in 1940. He was director of the gymnasium for most of its years. The Hebrew Reali
Gymnasium was a private school and one of the largest Jewish educational institutions in Lithuania. At the gymnasium he
390:
He was blessed with a great talent, a sharp and precise way of speaking - pleasant and clear. He imparted to his students broad knowledge using a clear easy method of comfortable explanation. As he read his lectures, the Divine
Presence rested over the department. Dr. Feldstein could draw and
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His youngest son, Yehoshua
Feldstein (Prof. Joshua Feldstein), graduated from the Hebrew Reali Gymnasium in 1938, and began his studies at the School of Engineering at the University of Lithuania. A year after that, he immigrated to the United States to study agricultural science at the
491:
deported
Feldstein, along with the other Jews who had survived, to the Vilna ghetto. In the ghetto, he first served as the director of the post office. Then, he served as the deputy director in the Department of Culture of the Jewish Council
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sister Helena, who were the homemakers for the two
Feldstein families. They were both devoted Catholics. Later, she became a doctor like her father. Dr. Levner later immigrated to Israel from the Soviet Union, and since the 1990s, lives in
528:
knowledge and education, social and communication skills, love of nature, music, literature, poetry, the commitment to help those in need, and above all, pride in being a Jew, eternal hope for a better future and a belief in God."
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in 1941, Feldstein continued to be a cultural activist. He became the editor of the ghetto newspaper, translated essays and writings into Hebrew, gave lectures, and was an inspirational coordinator of the ghetto's cultural life.
762: 22, pp. 281-282. According to Yozelit, "Overnight the request and demand became an action, and the ring of the Hebrew language was heard in all the streets of Kaunas by the gymnasium students. Interestingly, when
544:
520:. At this point, he was very weak and could not work, but those who knew him helped him manage to escape a few selections for some time. Finally, the Nazis transferred him to the sub-camp Dautmergen-Schömberg, (
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lectured on topics from world literature (using Hebrew translation) and general history. One of his students, Jacob
Yozelit, who later became a Hebrew educator in the United States, wrote this about Feldstein:
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in 1914. During his studies at Bern, he met his future wife, Elke Freida Buzhanski, who was close to finishing her medical studies. She gave up completing her degree to marry him in 1910. The couple moved to
837:, translated from Yiddish by Chaim Shalom Ben Avraham; A few chapters were written in Hebrew by the author, Tel Aviv: Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael, (lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel), p. 240.
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Polish. He was a brilliant speaker and he participated in the Jewish press, where he published articles on Jewish and world literature. He published pedagogical articles in the Hebrew-language journal
1034:
616:. Two years later, she married Jean Loontjens, a Belgian businessman. Her health was in decline from years in the camp and she died on October 19, 1959, at the age of 46.
862:
Kaplan, I. (1984) Deportations to Latvia and to Estonia. In: Dov Lipetz (Central Editorial Board), Natan Goren , and The Association of The Lithuanian Jews in Israel,
625:
303:
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His daughter, Esther (Toussia), studied economics in London. She married (Ika) Gilar Scheinberg, an engineer. Her husband served as a representative of
199:
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917:: Based pages of testimony submitted by their daughter, Ada Levner, Central Database of Holocaust Victims' Names of Krovno, Yad Vashem website
1024:
463:
1049:
163:, Semyon Grigorovitch; December 30, 1884 - December 29, 1944 was a Lithuanian educator, author, an education reformist, a culture
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The principal language of instruction at the gymnasium was Hebrew. All the courses were in Hebrew except for Lithuanian studies (
459:
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419:'s schools), and thus managed to raise capital for a new home for his gymnasium. He enlisted the help of the Hebrew poet,
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visited Lithuania in the 1920s and walked the streets of Kaunas, he said: Is this Kaunas, Lithuania? No! This is Kaunas,
724:
Mendelssohn–Miskotz, M. J. (1972). Hebrew Gymnasia Vilkaviskis. In Dov Lipetz (Central Editorial Board), Natan Goren , :
346:, Feldstein and his family returned to Lithuania. From 1921 to 1922 he served as the director of the Hebrew Gymnasium in
300:. The couple had three children: Araeh Leib (Liova; b. 1911), Esther (Toussia; b. 1914), and Joshua (Yehoshua; b. 1921).
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786:, , Jerusalem: Sir Montague Burton Hebrew Foundation & The Hebrew University Press Association, p. 190;
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as the principal of the Hebrew Real-Gymnasium (Jüdisches Realgymnasium), founded by the German Jewish Rabbi
227:) on December 30, 1884, the eldest of five children (two boys and three girls), the son of Zvi Feldstein, a
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Esther (Essie), granddaughter of Feldstein's wife's sister, became a Jewish-American author by the name of
430:
along with being a Hebrew educational and cultural activist. Feldstein was a member of the Zionist Center (
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52:
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Feldstein, J. (2008). Dr. Cemach Feldstein: Educator: Director Hebrew Reale Gymnasia Kovno, Lithuania.
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Jewish Cities, Towns, and Rural Settlements in Lithuania until 1918: Historical - geographical sketch
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in Eilat Gordin Levitan’s website: December 31. Exact date of death according to death record on the
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335:, Russia where he founded and directed a private Gymnasium and his wife taught there mathematics and
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60:
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512:, and others. Later Feldstein was marched along with many others from the ghetto to the labor camp
451:, and he published his impressions in a series of articles in the Zionist Jewish Lithuanian daily,
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at the demand of the authorities. Feldstein and his family moved to the old Lithuanian capital of
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Cemach Feldstein (second row, center) with pupils and faculty of the Hebrew Realgymnasium c. 1920s
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merchant, and Malka Leah. Feldstein studied in several schools and graduated from a Gymnasium in
168:
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In 1913, Feldstein served as the first director of the bilingual Jewish Gymnasium founded in
970:
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443:(הד ליטא; Hebrew: Lithuania' Echo) and in the Lithuanian Hebrew Teachers Association organ,
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Journal Forum commemorating the Holocaust 18: The spirit of the Jewish man in the Holocaust
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In addition to Feldstein's work as the director of the gymnasium, he was active in the
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Smuggled in Potato Sacks: Fifty Stories of the Hidden Children of the Kaunas Ghetto
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Feldstein's eldest son, Lev (Liova) Feldstein, began his medical studies at the
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976:"To the Minute: Dr. Cemach Feldstein. Editorial in the Vilna Ghetto, 1942-1943"
930:, S. Abramovich and Y. Zilberg (eds.), London: Valentine Mitchell, pp. 215-218.
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Exact date of birth according to: Yozelit, P. J. (1977). Dr. Cemach Feldstein
632:. It was there that he began his academic career, later becoming president of
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513:
252:
263:, where he received a doctoral degree. His dissertation, which was guided by
255:. After finishing his first degree, Feldstein continued his education at the
612:) (1942-1945). After the war, she divorced her husband, Gilar, and lived in
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where he became a teacher of Hebrew culture at the Jewish high school of
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activist. As an educator he was served as the director of several Jewish
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882:, Central Database of the Holocaust, Victims names, Yad Vashem website
500:“ into Hebrew and wrote literary essays in both Hebrew and Yiddish on
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350:(Vilkovishk) (founded in 1919), where all subjects were taught using
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Feldstein-Levner, A. (2011). 'The Prayer of an Innocent Girl,' in:
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survived, and sometime after that immigrated to the United States.
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New York: p.743. also reprinted in: Zvi Sharfstein (ed.), (1957).
585:
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488:
332:
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283:). The dissertation, submitted in November 1907, was published in
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Hebrew Education and Culture in Europe between the Two World Wars
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to raise funds for the Hebrew schools in Lithuania (including
986:
878:"List of the persecuted who perished in Dautmergen-Schömberg"
803:
Cohen, B. (1991). Hebrew Education in Independent Lithuania,
707:"List of the persecuted who perished in Dautmergen-Schömberg"
171:, the most notable of which was the Hebrew Real-Gymnasium in
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Jerusalem of Lithuania in Resistance and in the Holocaust
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YIVO Newspaper New Series, Volume 3 (pp. 115–206.
700:"List of Teacher Job Applications in Krovno, 1921-1941"
524:) in southern Germany, where he died in December 1944.
179:(1922-1940), where most of the subjects were taught in
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After the end of the war and the establishment of the
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Lithuanian Jewry, Volume IV: The Holocaust 1941-1945
711:, Central Database of the Holocaust, Victims names,
114:
103:
95:
68:
34:
18:
584:. In the 1930s, Esther accompanied her husband to
447:(In the Paths of Education). In 1935, he visited
849:, M.(2007). Spiritual life in the Vilna Ghetto,
658:Remember Who You Are: Stories About Being Jewish
824:, Dr. Tzemach Feldstein, (p. 282). out-of-print
636:, which evolved from the National Farm School.
455:(די אידישע שטימע; Yiddish: The Jewish voice)
366:one, which customary among Lithuanian Jews).
8:
754:Yozelit, P. J. (1977). Dr. Cemach Feldstein
737:Yozelit, P. J. (1977). Dr. Cemach Feldstein
647:, an internationally known concert pianist.
784:Shaul Tschernikowsky: The Man and the Poet
548:Cemach Feldstein with his son Joshua on a
26:
15:
1035:Lithuanian Jews who died in the Holocaust
608:, on the island of Celebes (now known as
207:Cemach Ben Zvi Feldstein was born in the
794:, Tel Aviv: HaKibbutz HaMeuchad, p. 246.
728:, Vol. II, Tel Aviv: Am HaSefer, p. 151.
470:, the gymnasium switched to teaching in
407:). Among themselves, the students spoke
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314:and Cemach Feldstein in Kaunas, c. 1927
7:
656:Hautzig, E. (2000) Ada and Eddy, in
464:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
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144:
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354:diction (as was the custom in the
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1015:20th-century Lithuanian educators
792:Shaul Tschernikowsky: A monograph
458:In the summer of 1940, after the
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913:"Sara Feldstein (née Aronovsky)"
811:New York: Ogen Publishing, p.168
1020:20th-century Lithuanian writers
564:, and finished as an MD at the
466:as one of the republics of the
383:Joseph Hirsch (Tzvi (Carlebach)
369:In 1922, Feldstein went to the
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866:. Tel Aviv: Am HaSefer, p.385
462:and the establishment of the
1025:Jews from the Russian Empire
973:(prepared for press) (1997)
267:, was on the foundations of
186:After being deported to the
161:Семён Григорович Фельдштейн
697: 22, p. 280; in the
596:) where he built roads. In
487:In the summer of 1941, the
331:, he and his wife moved to
281:Cohens Begründung der Ethik
118:Elke Freida (née Buzhanski)
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670:Jewish Publication Society
243:. He then enrolled at the
660:, 1st paperback edition,
552:Trip to Kulautuva in 1928
344:first Lithuanian Republic
160:
25:
833:Dvorzhetski, M. (1951).
745: 22, pp. 280-282.
195:Early life and education
1050:Nancy-Université alumni
1040:Lithuanian male writers
820:Yozelit, P. J. (1977).
634:Delaware Valley College
566:University of Lithuania
107:Hebrew Real-Gymnasium,
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204:
152:
895:, (March 2008) p. 55.
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79:Dautmergen-Schömberg
1055:Vilna Ghetto inmates
952:at Wikimedia Commons
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622:National Farm School
445:BeMish'oley HaHinukh
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312:Shaul Tchernichovsky
245:University of Berlin
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558:University of Nancy
522:Natzweiler-Struthof
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213:Kudirkos Naumiestis
85:Natzweiler-Struthof
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49:Kudirkos Naumiestis
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790:(1984).
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141:Yiddish
129:Tzemach
89:Germany
760:HeAvar
743:HeAvar
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604:camp,
571:Canada
562:France
532:Family
436:Tarbut
417:Tarbut
375:Kaunas
325:Kalisz
319:Career
290:Warsaw
277:Ethics
173:Kaunas
133:Hebrew
115:Spouse
109:Kaunas
756:hayad
739:hayad
691:hayad
592:(now
586:Medan
560:, in
489:Nazis
333:Minsk
498:Aida
273:Kant
251:and
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