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Censorship of GitHub

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758: 490: 194: 147: 670: 744: 786: 569: 315:. GitHub blocked China-based IP addresses from visiting these repositories. If a visitor comes from China, the page would show "Repository unavailable because of the Chinese Internet Blacklist". Based on GitHub, they are doing this so "that our users in that jurisdiction may continue to have access to GitHub to collaborate and build software." They are now having a gov-takedowns repository to record all the government requirements they could show. 271: 772: 647:, GitHub elaborated that "you must not, in the use of the Service, violate any laws in your jurisdiction (including but not limited to copyright or trademark laws)." GitHub also created an official repository titled "roskomnadzor" for the purpose of posting takedown notices from the regulator. (It was later moved to "gov-takedowns" after a request from China on June 9, 2016) In the 213:, was quickly detected. A spokesperson for GitHub said: "Early last week, it appeared that GitHub was being at least partially blocked by the Great Firewall of China... After a couple days, it appeared that GitHub was no longer being blocked." NETRESEC performed forensics of the attack and determined that it was indeed an attack, due to the large number of 158:. It was reported that the attack was carried out in response to political information posted on the platform. Confirming the block, a spokesperson for GitHub said: "It does appear that we're at least being partly blocked by the Great Firewall of China". The block was lifted on January 23, 2013, after an online protest on 431:
On January 4, 2015, a GitHub spokesperson said that some users were still having trouble accessing the site and that GitHub has attempted to reach out to the Indian government, but is still unclear about the cause of the block. They said that restoring access to the developer community in India was
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brought attention to the block after posting about it on Sina Weibo. He derided the block, saying: "Blocking GitHub is unjustifiable, and will only derail the nation's programmers from the world, while bringing about a loss in competitiveness and insight." Lee's post was shared over 80,000 times.
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issued a statement that it will be unblocking 4 of the websites, including GitHub's Gist, and said that it will consider unblocking the remaining websites once they complied. Explaining its rationale, the ministry stated: "Many of these websites do not require any authentication for pasting any
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Under the powers conferred by Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 and under the Information Technology (Procedures and Safeguards for Blocking of Access of Information by Public) Rules, 2009, it has been decided to immediately block the access to the following 32 URLs:...
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of software, facilitate project management, and provide distributed revision control functionality of Git, access control, wikis, and bug tracking. As of June 2023, GitHub reports having over 100 million users and over 330 million repositories. It offers free accounts, a
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remarked that the manual seemed to be written as satire and includes methods such as "biting your tongue", "joining the military" or "getting a good gun" from a policeman. The takedown targeted the manual and its copies, as well as a reposted blog entry about suicide.
522:. Prasanth Sugathan of the Software Freedom and Law Center called the blocks short-sighted, saying that "If you block one website, terrorists can always use another one... Such a move only inconveniences the daily users..." Twitter users protested using the 432:
their top priority and that they "would like to work with the Indian government to establish a transparent process for identifying unlawful content, restore access, and ensure that GitHub continues to remain available in the future without interruption."
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observed that GitHub was blocked the following morning, and associated administrative orders were subsequently posted by the BTK stating that access had been officially restricted. Software that depended on GitHub reported errors, such as
461:. Because the order only told ISPs what to block and not how, the effectiveness of blocking access varied. The blocking was unreliable and seemed to be occurring at multiple layers, even within the same ISP. Blocking methods included 35:
attacks on GitHub's servers from countries including China, India, Iraq, Russia, and Turkey. In all of these cases, GitHub has been eventually unblocked after backlash from users and technology businesses or compliance from GitHub.
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remarked that " addition of GitHub... is one of the more head-scratching decisions" and anticipated an uproar considering its importance in the tech industry. They also called it embarrassing in the context of Prime Minister
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noted the economic difficulty related to blocking GitHub: "What makes GitHub interesting from a censorship point of view is that it combines a critical business service—collaborative coding—with social interaction."
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called the block unfortunate, saying that "Chinese developers will have to play around with workarounds or find an alternative service when they want to work with their peers around the world."
1029: 1146: 2020: 2051: 1544: 1085: 309:(DDoS) attack originating from China. It targeted two anti-censorship projects: GreatFire and cn-nytimes, the latter including instructions on how to access the Chinese version of 1767: 1476: 686: 1283: 2438: 879:
HCI International 2020 - Late Breaking Papers: Cognition, Learning and Games: 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19-24, 2020, Proceedings
1216: 1601: 2185: 1388: 1502: 967: 107:. In addition, Western businesses have said that these restrictions hurt their business by reducing access to information, such as from search engines and those using 1172: 1705: 1635: 428:
agency of the ministry said that the order came from the Mumbai Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate following an interrogation of Arif Majeed, an ISIS recruit.
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only, Chinese authorities can't block individual pages and have to completely block the website, which helps explain why they would have to resort to the attack.
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The text of the page consists of 4 reasons why the website breaks laws under the Russian Federation, and why therefore, the contents of the website are blocked.
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for the manual on October 10, 2014. GitHub was also momentarily blocked on October 2, 2014, until the original copy of the manual was deleted by its uploader.
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by several users. The original copy was deleted by the owner on October 2, 2014, after numerous GitHub users complained because of a block by Roscomnadzor.
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of the repository, GitHub states that they are concerned about Internet censorship and believe in transparency to document the potential for
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websites that include child pornography, drug-related material, advocacy of suicide, extremist material, and other illegal content under the
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in which attackers could have intercepted traffic between the site and its users in China. The mechanism of the attack was through a fake
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issued an order to ISPs to block 32 websites. The notice was made public on December 31, 2014, and it included GitHub, GitHub's
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An example of the warning users in China received from browsers when trying to access GitHub with the self-signed certificate
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GitHub complied and blocked access to the content within Russia saying that they were working to get reinstated. Citing its
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On December 2, 2014, Roscomnadzor blocked GitHub due to it hosting various copies of a suicide manual. Because GitHub uses
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material on them... These websites were being used frequently for pasting, communicating content..." Gulshan Rai of the
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The manual in question was posted on March 23, 2014, and details 31 methods of suicide in Russian. It was added to a
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containing names of 3 of the architects and their contact information. GreatFire also said that since GitHub is
1357: 763: 202: 32: 28: 2073: 526:#GOIblocks and recirculated a hypocritical message by Modi from 2012 condemning blanket blocking of websites. 728:, RedHack purposefully spread the emails using multiple services, expecting Turkey to block them so that the 240: 210: 118: 108: 2364: 2332: 2213: 589: 519: 77:(copy and individually develop) other projects, which GitHub does not automatically take down when served 99:
China heavily regulates Internet traffic and has blocked many international Internet companies including
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This attack was performed again on March 26, 2020, on GitHub Pages and March 27, 2020, on GitHub.com.
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The block message Russian GitHub users saw when trying to access the website on December 2, 2014
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prohibits illegal use and it reserves the right to remove content at its discretion. Users can
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India selectively censors websites at the federal and state levels. This is enforced by the
214: 70: 2512: 2149: 1921:"To Get Off Russia's Blacklist, GitHub Has Blocked Access To Pages That Highlight Suicide" 791: 749: 652: 585: 530:
of India also posted several threats against the government, but did not take any action.
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for its connections, making data more secure against interception from third parties.
2501: 2044:"Turkey blocks Google, Microsoft and Dropbox services to 'suppress' mass email leaks" 1729:"India's Government Asks ISPs To Block GitHub, Vimeo And 30 Other Websites (Updated)" 724: 706: 673:
Network measurements by Turkey Blocks confirming the time at which GitHub was blocked
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has been the target of censorship from governments using methods ranging from local
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Test results from viewDNS.info showing that GitHub was blocked from within China
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calling for the denial of entry to the United States of the architects of the
170: 159: 990: 545: 232: 114: 2163: 2154: 1826:[AliExpress, 2ch and GitHub put on the register of banned sites]. 1821: 1445: 117:, a Chinese anti-censorship organization, has attempted to circumvent the 1568:"GitHub, Vimeo and 30 more sites blocked in India over content from ISIS" 1173:"GitHub unblocked in China after former Google head slams its censorship" 446: 370: 100: 54: 719: 682: 597: 523: 498: 454: 425: 397: 104: 580:, which encrypts data between a user's computer and GitHub's servers, 2158: 2142: 1022:"China Internet Restrictions Hurting Business, Western Companies Say" 836: 677:
On October 8, 2016, following the leak of emails of Turkish Minister
648: 458: 130: 16: 1791:"Russia Blacklists, Blocks GitHub Over Pages That Refer To Suicide" 1420:"China's fierce censors try a new tactic with GitHub—asking nicely" 1306:"Hacker is deploying large-scale MITM attack via domestic backbone" 2369: 2327: 1698:"Technical Observations About Recent Internet Censorship In India" 668: 577: 567: 488: 362: 248: 192: 145: 82: 1602:"Indian government unblocks Vimeo, Dailymotion, 2 other websites" 1053:
Censored: Distraction and Diversion Inside China's Great Firewall
853: 621: 593: 450: 413: 218: 126: 2167: 2105:"How hacktivist group RedHack gamed Turkey's censorship regime" 1503:"Pastebin, Dailymotion, Github blocked after DoT order: Report" 401: 345:
found that ISPs tended to over-comply with takedown requests.
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could be utilized. GitHub was unblocked 18 hours later.
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AliExpress, 2ch и GitHub попали в реестр запрещённых сайтов
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became one of Twitter's top trends in Turkey. According to
1055:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 114. 991:"Inside the Firewall: Tracking the News That China Blocks" 1109:
Fateful Decisions: Choices That Will Shape China's Future
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On January 26, 2013, GitHub users in China experienced a
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network was targeted for hosting GreatFire.org websites.
1636:"Government blocks 32 websites to check ISIS propaganda" 1469:"India: Digital freedom under threat? Online censorship" 400:
by Arvind Gupta, the national head of the ruling party
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On January 21, 2013, GitHub was blocked in China using
1358:"Great Firewall architects fingered for GitHub attack" 341:
have noted the vagueness of these regulations and the
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of changes, the file was still accessible on GitHub.
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Information and Communication Technologies Authority
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speculated that the attack was related to a popular
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bank's Chinese operation was taken offline when the
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blocks, intermediary blocking using methods such as
2392: 2310: 2201: 881:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. p. 355. 473:. Methods for gaining access ranged from using an 48:hosting service and is primarily used to host the 1132: 1130: 1128: 217:involved (6) and because the user submitting the 552:to protect children. This list is maintained by 404:, and was attributed to a suggestion by India's 831:The manual itself seems to be a translation of 518:campaign to promote India as a destination for 445:reported blockage for Indian users by the ISPs 379: 1851: 1849: 848:However, because the original was forked, and 305:On March 26, 2015, GitHub was the target of a 2179: 1667:"India Unblocks GitHub, Three Other Websites" 1595: 1593: 1496: 1494: 1202: 1200: 1198: 813:both claim that it was fully blocked however. 8: 1914: 1912: 1629: 1627: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1078:"Routing around the Great Firewall of China" 1530: 1528: 2186: 2172: 2164: 1951:"roskomnadzor/2014-10-21-roskomnadzor.md" 1245:"China, GitHub and the man-in-the-middle" 1166: 1164: 1760:"Russia's secret new Internet blacklist" 1566:Ghoshal, Abhimanyu (December 31, 2014). 333:, as well as licensing requirements for 869: 799: 2103:Sozeri, Efe Kerem (October 12, 2016). 1137:Protalinski, Emil (January 21, 2013). 2115:from the original on October 13, 2016 2084:from the original on December 9, 2016 2054:from the original on October 11, 2016 1961:from the original on December 5, 2014 1612:from the original on February 8, 2015 1479:from the original on November 4, 2016 1387:Anthony, Sebastian (March 30, 2015). 1276:"Forensics of Chinese MITM on GitHub" 705:. The censorship monitoring watchdog 7: 2023:from the original on January 4, 2017 1646:from the original on January 4, 2015 1501:Saxena, Anupam (December 31, 2014). 1399:from the original on January 2, 2019 1356:Muncaster, Phil (January 31, 2013). 1255:from the original on August 19, 2016 1207:Claburn, Thomas (January 30, 2013). 1107:Fingar, Thomas; Oi, Jean C. (2020). 689:(BTK) ordered ISPs to block several 2508:Internet censorship by organization 2042:Murdock, Jason (October 10, 2016). 2011:Geraci, Jesse (February 20, 2015). 1931:from the original on March 21, 2015 1919:Lunden, Ingrid (December 5, 2014). 1834:from the original on April 25, 2015 1820:Лихачёв, Никита (October 2, 2014). 1801:from the original on March 27, 2015 1789:Lunden, Ingrid (December 3, 2014). 1739:from the original on March 26, 2015 1696:Srikanth, Kaustubh (June 1, 2015). 1677:from the original on March 20, 2015 1467:Patry, Melody (November 21, 2013). 1312:from the original on March 26, 2020 1274:Hjelmvik, Erik (February 2, 2013). 1209:"China's GitHub Censorship Dilemma" 1183:from the original on March 30, 2015 1149:from the original on April 14, 2015 1076:Silbert, Sean (November 26, 2014). 495:Free Software Foundation Tamil Nadu 381:To: All Internet Service Licensees 377:Direction to block Internet Website 1992:from the original on June 15, 2017 1897:from the original on June 27, 2015 1867:from the original on June 27, 2015 1727:Russell, Jon (December 31, 2014). 1665:Orsini, Lauren (January 2, 2015). 1578:from the original on April 4, 2015 1547:from the original on April 2, 2015 1535:Blue, Violet (December 31, 2014). 1513:from the original on March 2, 2015 1368:from the original on June 30, 2015 1332:"GitHub 遭遇中间人攻击,访问报证书错误 - OSCHINA" 1286:from the original on June 30, 2015 1088:from the original on June 30, 2015 939:from the original on June 24, 2015 909:from the original on June 28, 2023 14: 2013:"github/roskomnadzor - README.md" 1982:"github/roskomnadzor - README.md" 1770:from the original on May 11, 2015 1758:Khazan, Olga (November 9, 2012). 1708:from the original on May 21, 2015 1219:from the original on July 3, 2015 1171:Kan, Michael (January 23, 2013). 1032:from the original on July 4, 2015 1001:from the original on June 5, 2015 970:from the original on July 1, 2015 877:Stephanidis, Constantine (2020). 550:Russian Internet Restriction Bill 396:The block order was confirmed on 1600:Sharma, Ravi (January 2, 2015). 1020:Chin, Josh (February 12, 2015). 784: 770: 756: 742: 497:protesting the blocks using the 457:, but it still had access using 390:Department of Telecommunications 331:Information Technology Act, 2000 269: 1418:Horwitz, Josh (June 28, 2016). 989:Wei, Sisi (December 17, 2014). 343:Centre for Internet and Society 1980:Geraci, Jesse (June 9, 2016). 1634:Arora, Kim (January 1, 2015). 949:(Specifically terms A8 and G7) 408:in response to content by the 1: 1111:. Stanford University Press. 1051:Roberts, Margaret E. (2018). 665:Internet censorship in Turkey 540:Internet censorship in Russia 307:distributed denial-of-service 2048:International Business Times 355:Indian Department of Telecom 325:Internet censorship in India 95:Internet censorship in China 1243:martin (January 30, 2013). 243:. The petition linked to a 2529: 662: 582:Internet service providers 537: 421:Ministry of Communications 353:On December 17, 2014, the 335:Internet service providers 322: 92: 2209:Chinese censorship abroad 1640:The Times of India - Tech 1026:Wall Street Journal Blogs 929:"GitHub Terms of Service" 29:man-in-the-middle attacks 21:Internet service provider 1822: 764:Freedom of speech portal 419:On January 2, 2015, the 337:(ISPs). Critics such as 203:man-in-the-middle attack 2195:Censorship and websites 544:The Russian government 241:Great Firewall of China 119:Great Firewall of China 2143:GitHub status messages 1891:GitHub - amdf/objidlib 1861:GitHub - amdf/objidlib 960:"DMCA Takedown Policy" 674: 620:used for working with 573: 520:information technology 505:Regarding the blocks, 502: 479:circumvention software 386: 198: 151: 44:GitHub is a web-based 2439:North Korean websites 672: 571: 492: 196: 149: 81:notices. GitHub uses 2244:in the United States 1957:. October 21, 2014. 1887:"Delete suicide.txt" 1857:"Create suicide.txt" 693:websites, including 475:alternate DNS server 406:Anti Terrorism Squad 339:Rajeev Chandrasekhar 237:White House petition 65:under its github.io 2393:Websites blocked in 2080:. October 8, 2016. 1893:. October 2, 2014. 1764:The Washington Post 1702:The Huffington Post 622:Windows filesystems 2365:Microsoft in China 2219:File sharing sites 2148:2016-07-02 at the 1863:. March 23, 2014. 1606:The Times of India 1507:The Times of India 1308:. March 27, 2020. 778:Programming portal 699:Microsoft OneDrive 675: 574: 503: 442:The Times of India 312:The New York Times 285:. You can help by 199: 152: 2495: 2494: 1118:978-1-5036-1223-5 1062:978-0-691-17886-8 888:978-3-030-60127-0 602:takedown requests 558:regulatory agency 410:Islamic extremist 303: 302: 211:unknown authority 33:denial-of-service 2520: 2188: 2181: 2174: 2165: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1999: 1997: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1662: 1656: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1631: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1597: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1532: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1498: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1464: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1373: 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Index

GitHub
Internet service provider
DNS hijacking
man-in-the-middle attacks
denial-of-service
Git repository
source code
pastebin
Gist
website hosting
domain
terms of service
fork
DMCA takedown
HTTPS
Internet censorship in China
Facebook
Twitter
VPNs
GreatFire
Great Firewall of China
mirror websites
HSBC
Akamai
"No servers were able to reach your site."
DNS hijacking
Sina Weibo
Kai-Fu Lee
"Safari can't verify the identity of the website github.com."
man-in-the-middle attack

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