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Centaurus X-3

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2601: 28: 510:, and so observations were forced to differentiate among dozens of faint objects. Centaurus X-3 was finally identified with a faint, heavily reddened variable star lying just outside the error box predicted by Uhuru observations. The visible star was later named after its discoverer, Poland astronomer 632:
There is little doubt as to the correctness of the optical candidate, since it is in apparent agreement with the period and phase of Cen X-3, and exhibits the same similarity in its double wave and amplitude light curve seen in other known massive binary systems. The double wave ellipsoidal light
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as to the orbital period of the binary, and the pulsation period in the X-ray band as well as the minimum mass of the occulting star, the optical component remained undiscovered for three years. This was partly because Cen X-3 lies in the plane of the Galaxy in the direction of the
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satellite, in the form of twenty-seven 100-second duration sightings. These sightings were found to pulsate with an average period of 4.84 seconds, with a variation in the period of 0.02 seconds. Later, it became clear that the period variations followed a 2.09 day
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Chodil, G.; Mark, Hans; Rodrigues, R.; Seward, F.; Swift, C. D.; Hiltner, W. A.; Wallerstein, George; Mannery, Edward J. (September 1967), "Spectral and Location Measurements of Several Cosmic X-Ray Sources Including a Variable Source in Centaurus",
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The neutron star is regularly eclipsed by its giant companion every 2.1 days; these regular X-ray eclipses last approximately 1/4 the orbital period. There are also sporadic X-ray off durations.
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Centaurus X-3 was first observed during experiments of cosmic X-ray sources made on May 18, 1967. These initial X-ray spectrum and location measurements were performed using a
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Falanga, M.; Bozzo, E.; Lutovinov, A.; Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M.; Fetisova, Y.; Puls, J. (2015). "Ephemeris, orbital decay, and masses of ten eclipsing high-mass X-ray binaries".
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and is now noted in other X-ray pulsars. The most feasible way of explaining the origin of this effect is by a torque exerted on the neutron star by accreting material.
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Observatory", showing the source imaged by the individual telescopes of ART-XC, as well as the light curve of Centaurus X-3 folded at its pulse period of 4.8s.
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Naik, Sachindra; Paul, Biswajit; Ali, Zulfikar (August 2011), "X-Ray Spectroscopy of the High-mass X-Ray Binary Pulsar Centaurus X-3 over Its Binary Orbit",
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Samus', N. N.; et al. (July 2003), "An Electronic Version of the Second Volume of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with Improved Coordinates",
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with a period of 4.84 seconds. It was the first X-ray pulsar to be discovered, and the third X-ray source to be discovered in the constellation
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Krzeminski, W. (September 1974), "The identification and UBV photometry of the visible component of the Centaurus X-3 binary system",
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of the neutron star channels the inflowing gas onto localized hot spots on the neutron star surface where the X-ray emission occurs.
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The X-ray emission is fueled by the accretion of matter from the distended atmosphere of the blue giant falling through the inner
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trend that is very prominent in the long-term decrease in its pulse period. This spin-up was first noted in Centaurus X-3 and
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Schreier, E.; et al. (March 15, 1972), "Evidence for the Binary Nature of Centaurus X-3 from UHURU X-Ray Observations",
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Tjemkes, S. A.; Zuiderwijk, E. J.; Van Paradijs, J. (1986). "Optical light curves of massive X-ray binaries".
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curve around the 4.84 second period. These variations in arrival time of the pulses were attributed to the
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Giacconi, R.; et al. (1971), "Discovery of Periodic X-Ray Pulsations in Centaurus X-3 from UHURU",
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Ash, T. D. C.; Reynolds, A. P.; Roche, P.; Norton, A. J.; Still, M. D.; Morales-Rueda, L. (1999).
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Centaurus X-3 was the first sources observed by the Russian x-ray telescope
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caused by orbital motion of the source, and were therefore evidence for the
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variations are produced by a tidally deformed giant that nearly fills its
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and ultimately spirals inwards and falls onto the neutron star, releasing
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Blondin, John M. (1994). "The shadow wind in high-mass X-ray binaries".
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Binary star with an X-ray pulsar in the constellation Centaurus
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Centaurus X-3 is located in the galactic plane about 5.7 
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Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties"
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Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023).
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system. The visible component is Krzemiński's Star, a
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The overflowing gas probably forms an 2562: 2531: 2317: 2238: 2157: 2041: 1255: 1216: 1202: 1194: 923: 921: 919: 917: 915: 616:hot massive star with a radius of 12  94:−60° 37′ 22.6″ 1105: 941: 879: 850: 750: 732: 670: 668: 666: 54:J2000       39:for V779 Centauri, adapted from Tjemkes 2649:Objects with variable star designations 662: 156: 18: 706: 704: 702: 700: 698: 7: 537:away, towards the direction of the 168: 541:, and is a member of an occulting 14: 1181:Spin frequency history of Cen X-3 2600: 2599: 852:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02605.x 416: 26: 767:Gaia DR3 record for this source 501:Despite detailed data from the 191:0.1387 ± 0.0112  2220:Scorpius–Centaurus association 1241:Centaurus in Chinese astronomy 571:gravitational potential energy 1: 868:Astronomy & Astrophysics 599:Krzemiński's Star is a 20.5 132:Ellipsoidal & eclipsing 898:10.1051/0004-6361/201425191 752:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 404:orbiting a massive, O-type 400:. The system consists of a 2670: 1236:List of stars in Centaurus 1225:Constellation of Centaurus 1038:10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.681 960:10.1088/0004-637X/737/2/79 721:Astronomy and Astrophysics 677:Astronomy and Astrophysics 2597: 2561: 2530: 2237: 2156: 2040: 1231: 930:The Astrophysical Journal 368: 346: 339: 311: 228: 223: 219: 143: 136: 111: 48: 24: 1556:V816 (Przybylski's Star) 355: J112115.4-603725, 107:13.25 (- 13.39) - 13.46 1018:Physical Review Letters 890:2015A&A...577A.130F 743:2023A&A...674A...1G 689:1986A&A...154...77T 101:Apparent magnitude 539:Carina–Sagittarius Arm 461:after its discoverer, 1122:Astrophysical Journal 1086:Astrophysical Journal 1052:Astrophysical Journal 982:Astrophysical Journal 652:List of X-ray pulsars 2644:O-type bright giants 2549:Shapley Supercluster 2286:Southern Crab Nebula 2003:PSR B1259−63/LS 2883 1283:C (Proxima Centauri) 594: 543:spectroscopic binary 206:24,000 ± 2,000  2567:Astronomical events 1273:A (Rigil Kentaurus) 1134:1974ApJ...192L.135K 1098:1972ApJ...172L..79S 1064:1971ApJ...167L..67G 1030:1967PhRvL..19..681C 994:1994ApJ...435..756B 952:2011ApJ...737...79N 843:1999MNRAS.307..357A 797:2003AstL...29..468S 463:Wojciech Krzemiński 392:(4U 1118–60) is an 369:Database references 21: 2442:5128 (Centaurus A) 2129:Proxima Centauri b 625:and spectral type 498:of Centaurus X-3. 341:Other designations 211:(7,200 ± 600  171: +2.331  159: −3.121  128:Variable type 118:Spectral type 19: 2611: 2610: 2593: 2592: 2557: 2556: 2526: 2525: 2307: 2306: 2295: 2233: 2232: 2152: 2151: 2036: 2035: 2013:WASP-15 (Nyamien) 805:10.1134/1.1589864 785:Astronomy Letters 595:Krzemiński's Star 512:Wojtek Krzemiński 508:Carina Spiral Arm 413:Krzemiński's star 387: 386: 229:Krzemiński's star 2661: 2603: 2602: 2563: 2532: 2318: 2293: 2251:Boomerang Nebula 2239: 2158: 2042: 2028:WASP-167/KELT-13 1978:2MASS J1126−5003 1256: 1218: 1211: 1204: 1195: 1169: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1159:www.roscosmos.ru 1151: 1145: 1144: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1081: 1075: 1074: 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2655: 2654:O-type giants 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2639:Neutron stars 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2624:X-ray pulsars 2622: 2621: 2619: 2606: 2596: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 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686: 682: 678: 671: 669: 667: 663: 657: 653: 650: 648: 645: 644: 640: 638: 636: 630: 628: 624: 615: 611: 602: 592: 590: 586: 581: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 556: 554: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 528: 526: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 504: 499: 497: 496:binary nature 493: 489: 484: 480: 472: 470: 468: 464: 458: 414: 410: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 390:Centaurus X-3 383: 380: 378: 377: 373: 372: 367: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 342: 338: 335: 323: 321: 320: 316: 315: 310: 307: 303: 301: 300: 296: 295: 292: 284:316,000  283: 281: 280: 276: 275: 272: 263: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 240: 238: 237: 233: 232: 227: 222: 218: 214: 209: 205: 203: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 188: 186: 182: 181: 178: 174: 166: 162: 155: 153: 151: 150:Proper motion 147: 146: 142: 139: 135: 131: 129: 126: 125: 121: 119: 116: 115: 110: 106: 102: 98: 97: 93: 91: 88: 87: 81: 78: 74: 73: 70: 67: 65: 64:Constellation 62: 61: 57: 53: 47: 42: 38: 35: 29: 23: 2518:PKS 1353−341 2513:PKS 1144-379 2493:ESO 325-G004 2059:b Centauri b 1540: 1190: 1162:. Retrieved 1158: 1149: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1021: 1017: 1010: 985: 981: 975: 933: 929: 871: 867: 861: 834: 830: 820: 788: 784: 778: 724: 720: 714: 680: 676: 647:X-ray pulsar 631: 612:), slightly 598: 589:Hercules X-1 582: 579: 560: 551:neutron star 532: 516: 500: 476: 412: 402:neutron star 394:X-ray pulsar 389: 388: 374: 317: 304:39,000  297: 277: 257: 234: 199: 183: 148: 122:O6-7 II-III 40: 2124:HIP 67522 b 2119:HIP 65426 b 2114:HD 121504 b 2109:HD 117618 b 2104:HD 117207 b 2099:HD 114729 b 2094:HD 114386 b 2084:HD 113538 b 2079:HD 101930 b 2074:HD 109749 b 2069:HD 103197 b 2064:HD 102117 b 1320:θ (Menkent) 1278:B (Toliman) 1092:: L79–L89, 535:kiloparsecs 351: Cen, 325:1.21 ± 0.21 299:Temperature 90:Declination 83:11 21 15.09 37:light curve 34:visual band 2618:Categories 2544:Abell S740 2503:ESO 444-46 2498:ESO 383-76 2488:ESO 269-57 2261:G292.0+1.8 2046:Exoplanets 1310:ζ (Alnair) 1164:2019-08-05 881:1502.07126 837:(2): 357. 734:2208.00211 658:References 635:Roche lobe 601:solar mass 547:supergiant 488:sinusoidal 406:supergiant 279:Luminosity 242:20.5 ± 0.7 138:Astrometry 2629:Centaurus 2256:Fleming 1 1420:Flamsteed 1290:β (Hadar) 968:118435704 943:1106.0370 936:(2): 79, 906:119212238 761:244398875 523:Spektr-RG 398:Centaurus 103: (V) 69:Centaurus 2605:Category 2585:SN 1986G 2580:SN 1895B 2313:Galaxies 2294:(RCW 86) 2276:NGC 5307 2271:NGC 3918 2225:Stock 16 2210:NGC 5662 2205:NGC 5617 2200:NGC 5460 2195:NGC 5316 2190:NGC 5281 2185:NGC 5286 2180:NGC 4230 2175:NGC 3766 2144:WASP-15b 1988:Gaia BH2 1829:5489 (c) 1824:5485 (c) 1819:5471 (b) 1809:5358 (v) 1789:5222 (y) 1784:5207 (N) 1779:5174 (z) 1774:5172 (M) 1769:5141 (Q) 1764:5089 (d) 1759:5071 (K) 1754:5041 (m) 1749:5035 (J) 1744:5006 (r) 1729:4940 (f) 1724:4889 (n) 1719:4888 (e) 1714:4874 (p) 1709:4831 (w) 1704:4817 (l) 1694:4748 (u) 1689:4732 (G) 1684:4724 (x) 1674:4712 (x) 1669:4682 (F) 1664:4652 (D) 1659:4620 (E) 1654:4546 (B) 1649:4537 (j) 1629:4476 (C) 1624:4466 (C) 1619:4460 (A) 1586:V945 (H) 1531:V763 (C) 1526:V761 (a) 1453:Variable 874:: A130. 813:16299532 641:See also 629:II-III. 622:☉ 609:☉ 333:☉ 290:☉ 270:☉ 264:12  250:☉ 201:Distance 185:Parallax 2266:IC 2944 2243:Nebulae 2170:IC 2944 2054:2M1207b 2023:WASP-42 2018:WASP-41 1993:GJ 3737 1186:Cen+X-3 1130:Bibcode 1094:Bibcode 1060:Bibcode 1058:: L67, 1026:Bibcode 990:Bibcode 988:: 756. 948:Bibcode 886:Bibcode 839:Bibcode 793:Bibcode 739:Bibcode 685:Bibcode 614:evolved 585:spin-up 473:History 411:dubbed 224:Details 56:Equinox 2575:SN 185 2299:SuWt 2 2291:SN 185 2281:RCW 79 1998:J1407b 1983:2M1207 1962:131399 1957:125595 1952:125072 1947:124448 1942:121504 1937:121228 1927:117207 1922:116434 1917:115600 1912:114729 1907:114386 1902:113766 1897:113538 1892:110113 1887:109749 1882:108236 1877:107914 1872:103197 1862:101930 1857:100453 966:  904:  811:  771:VizieR 759:  727:: A1. 683:: 77. 573:. The 529:System 519:ART-XC 376:SIMBAD 327:  259:Radius 244:  58:J2000 43:(1986) 41:et al. 2481:Other 2350:4650A 1971:Other 1852:98176 1847:97413 1601:V1400 1596:V1369 1591:V1032 1443:4 (h) 1438:3 (k) 1433:2 (g) 1428:1 (i) 1260:Bayer 1251:Stars 964:S2CID 938:arXiv 902:S2CID 876:arXiv 809:S2CID 765: 757:S2CID 729:arXiv 483:Uhuru 361:AAVSO 169:Dec.: 52:Epoch 2472:5419 2467:5408 2462:5398 2457:5291 2452:5253 2447:5161 2437:5114 2432:5102 2427:5091 2422:5090 2417:5026 2405:5011 2400:4976 2395:4945 2390:4744 2385:4743 2380:4730 2375:4729 2370:4709 2365:4706 2360:4696 2355:4683 2345:4622 2340:4603 2335:4444 2330:3783 1814:5371 1804:5297 1799:5241 1794:5224 1739:4989 1734:4979 1699:4796 1679:4721 1644:4523 1639:4522 1634:4499 1581:V863 1576:V886 1571:V885 1566:V842 1561:V831 1551:V810 1546:V803 1541:V779 1536:V766 1521:V752 1516:V744 1511:V346 715:Gaia 627:O6-7 409:star 382:data 353:1RXS 349:V779 319:Mass 236:Mass 2322:NGC 1138:doi 1126:192 1102:doi 1090:172 1068:doi 1056:167 1034:doi 998:doi 986:435 956:doi 934:737 894:doi 872:577 847:doi 835:307 801:doi 769:at 747:doi 725:674 681:154 193:mas 187:(π) 173:mas 161:mas 157:RA: 152:(μ) 2620:: 1839:HD 1611:HR 1506:DY 1501:BV 1496:SX 1491:SV 1486:RR 1157:. 1136:, 1124:, 1100:, 1088:, 1066:, 1054:, 1032:, 1022:19 1020:, 996:. 984:. 962:, 954:, 946:, 932:, 914:^ 900:. 892:. 884:. 870:. 845:. 833:. 829:. 807:, 799:, 789:29 787:, 755:. 745:. 737:. 723:. 719:. 697:^ 679:. 665:^ 553:. 514:. 469:. 418:/( 357:4U 213:pc 208:ly 177:yr 165:yr 32:A 2410:A 2215:ω 2139:d 2134:c 2089:c 1481:Y 1476:V 1471:U 1466:T 1461:R 1410:ψ 1405:χ 1400:φ 1395:υ 1390:υ 1385:τ 1380:σ 1375:ρ 1370:π 1365:ο 1360:ο 1355:ξ 1350:ξ 1345:ν 1340:μ 1335:λ 1330:κ 1325:ι 1315:η 1305:ε 1300:δ 1268:α 1217:e 1210:t 1203:v 1167:. 1140:: 1132:: 1104:: 1096:: 1070:: 1062:: 1036:: 1028:: 1004:. 1000:: 992:: 958:: 950:: 940:: 908:. 896:: 888:: 878:: 855:. 849:: 841:: 803:: 795:: 773:. 763:. 749:: 741:: 731:: 713:" 691:. 687:: 619:R 606:M 603:( 457:/ 454:z 451:i 448:k 445:s 442:n 439:ɪ 436:m 433:ˈ 430:ɛ 427:ʃ 424:) 421:k 330:M 306:K 287:L 267:R 247:M 215:) 175:/ 163:/

Index


visual band
light curve
Epoch
Equinox
Constellation
Centaurus
Right ascension
Declination
Apparent magnitude
Spectral type
Variable type
Astrometry
Proper motion
mas
yr
mas
yr
Parallax
mas
Distance
ly
pc
Mass
M
Radius
R
Luminosity
L
Temperature

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