313:
252:
CCUTU continued to grow, even after the crackdown on the organization in 1945. As of
December 1945, the CCUTU leader Reza Rousta claimed that the organization had 209,750 members. A more conservative estimate, and likely more realistic, was made by the U.S. Labor Attache, which estimated the CCUTU to
212:
had been elected Prime
Minister by the Majles in January 1946, CCUTU issued a series of key demands to the new government; that the labour bill be passed, that the closed CCUTU clubs be reopened and that curbs on press freedom be lifted. In February, Qavam lifted the martial law and the closed clubs
225:
In early 1949 the Tudeh Party took an initiative to revive CCUTU, but these efforts were interrupted as both the party and CCUTU were banned after an assassination attempt against the Shah in
February that year. Several CCUTU activists were arrested. Rousta and seven others were sentenced to death
260:
Whilst the organization was primarily focused on organizing the modern working class sectors, CCUTU also had a sizeable following amongst traditional wage earners in the bazaars, as well as having several professional unions at its affiliates, such as the Union of Office
Employees, the Union of
144:
Gradually, the Tudeh Party consolidated its influence over the organization. On July 6, 1944, a shared leadership was announced. Ebrahim
Mahzari and Resa Ebrahimzadeh (a communist and former prisoner) were assigned co-chairmen of the CCUTU. On June 18, 1945 the co-chairmen were converted to
138:) and the majority faction of the Central Board. The merger was declared on May 1, 1944. On May 8, 1944, a smaller union centre, the Union of Toilers of Iran, merged into CCUTU, followed by the affiliation of the Railway Workers' Association to CCUTU on June 20, 1944.
200:. The move was made without prior consultation with the CCUTU and Tudeh Party leadership in Tehran. The local CCUTU chairman, Muhammud Biriya, was elected to the Central Committee of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan at the party congress held in October 1945.
253:
around 100,000. Its strength was mainly concentrated in the industrial centres of the country. The strength of the organization reached its peak around August 1946. At the time it claimed 400,000 members; out of them 90,000 in the
216:
As the economic situation improved in 1947-1948, the influence of the communists amongst the workers declined. There was a sharp decrease in the number of strikes, only five were organized in these years.
624:
504:
Working Class in the
Struggle for National Liberation: Reports and Resolutions of the Trade Union Conference of Asian & Australasian Countries Called by the World Federation of Trade Unions
261:
Teachers, the
Association of Lawyers, the Syndicate of Engineers and Technicians and the Society of Doctors. However, CCUTU had virtually no members from the peasantry.
145:'secretaries'. Moreover, a third secretary (Reza Rousta) was appointed. By the autumn of 1945, Rousta was referred to as the sole secretary of the organization.
604:
594:
619:
239:
didn't formally lift the ban on the organization, but allowed it to operate semi-legally. However, the movement was crushed after the August 1953 coup.
614:
599:
609:
571:
157:
in northern Iran. CCUTU and the party organized a protest, with around 12,000 participants, demanding the dismissal of Prime
Minister
153:
In the autumn of 1944, CCUTU and the Tudeh Party staged a campaign against the
Iranian government, demanding oil concessions for the
286:
89:
301:) and a few other delegates represented CCUTU during the final days of the conference. CCUTU became an WFTU affiliate in 1946.
197:
134:
CCUTU was founded through the merger of two hitherto antagonistic unions, the
Central Council (the union aligned with the
257:
oilfields and 165,000 in the textile industries of the major cities. In total 186 unions were affiliated to CCUTU.
293:
in the fall of 1945, by arresting various CCUTU leaders just as they were about to leave the country. In the end
168:, an unemployment crisis emerged in Iran as war-related industries began laying off workers. The CCUTU organ
318:
172:
called on the people to overthrow the government. In response, the offices of CCUTU and the Tudeh Party in
525:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. pp. 56-57
184:
in northern Iran, workers seized large factories and railroad junctions to protest the crackdown.
549:
411:
348:
285:
The Iranian government tried to block CCUTU from participating in the founding conference of the
236:
540:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 48
439:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 59
402:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 55
387:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 52
372:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 51
339:. Contemporary issues in the Middle East. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1985. p. 47
181:
228:
193:
158:
568:
165:
106:
575:
196:(along with local Tudeh Party branches) declared their affiliation to the newly founded
461:
294:
588:
113:, 'Central United Council of the Trade Unions of Workers and Toilers of Iran') was a
492:. RoutledgeCurzon/BIPS Persian studies series. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. p. 282
154:
489:
Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left
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were returned to CCUTU. The curbs on the press were lifted two weeks afterwards.
209:
135:
114:
416:
308:
254:
176:
were closed down, CCUTU and Tudeh leaders arrested and the publishing of
312:
466:
173:
554:
298:
290:
141:
At the time of its founding, CCUTU had sixty affiliated unions.
118:
501:
Trade Union Conference of Asian and Australasian Countries.
417:
and Communalism in Iran: The Tudah and the Firqah-I Dimukrat
235:
In 1952 the CCUTU organization was revived to some extent.
558:, in Past & Present, No. 41 (Dec., 1968), pp. 184-210
625:
Affiliated organizations of the Tudeh Party of Iran
85:
75:
65:
49:
41:
33:
111:شورای متحده مرکزی اتحادیه کارگران و زحمتکشان ایران
192:On September 7, 1945 the local CCUTU branches in
467:Trade Unions and the Working Class Opposition
8:
422:International Journal of Middle East Studies
16:
297:(a Tudeh Party secretary and member of the
507:. Bombay: People's Pub. House, 1949. p. 13
180:(and 13 other newspapers) was stopped. In
15:
424:, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Oct., 1970), pp. 291-316
555:The Crowd in Iranian Politics 1905-1953
326:
273:('Victory'). It later began publishing
515:
513:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
357:. : Princeton Univ Press, 1982. p. 292
99:Central Council of United Trade Unions
23:Central Council of United Trade Unions
482:
480:
7:
605:National federations of trade unions
595:National trade union centers of Iran
269:CCUTU published the daily newspaper
620:Trade unions disestablished in 1953
110:
537:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
522:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
436:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
399:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
384:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
369:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
336:Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran
14:
569:80 JAHRE ARBEITERBEWEGUNG IM IRAN
615:Trade unions established in 1944
600:World Federation of Trade Unions
311:
287:World Federation of Trade Unions
90:World Federation of Trade Unions
474:, No. 71 (Oct., 1978), pp. 7-13
198:Democratic Party of Azerbaijan
164:At the time of the end of the
1:
354:Iran between Two Revolutions
610:1944 establishments in Iran
641:
281:International affiliation
149:Anti-government campaigns
28:
21:
319:Organized labour portal
71:400,000 (1946 claim)
534:Ladjevardi, Habib.
519:Ladjevardi, Habib.
486:Cronin, Stephanie.
433:Ladjevardi, Habib.
396:Ladjevardi, Habib.
381:Ladjevardi, Habib.
366:Ladjevardi, Habib.
333:Ladjevardi, Habib.
18:
574:2016-03-03 at the
550:Abrahamian, Ervand
412:Abrahamian, Ervand
349:Abrahamian, Ervand
237:Mohammad Mosaddegh
95:
94:
29:شورای متحده مرکزی
632:
579:
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166:Second World War
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462:Halliday, Fred
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295:Iraj Eskandari
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159:Mohammad Sa'ed
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472:MERIP Reports
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101:(abbreviated
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243:Organization
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155:Soviet Union
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143:
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133:
102:
98:
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86:Affiliations
277:('Human').
229:in absentia
210:Ahmad Qavam
136:Tudeh Party
115:trade union
81:Reza Rousta
37:May 1, 1944
589:Categories
305:References
248:Membership
194:Azerbaijan
188:Azerbaijan
117:centre in
77:Key people
255:Khuzestan
204:1946-1948
182:Mazadaran
67:Members
42:Dissolved
572:Archived
130:Founding
50:Location
174:Teheran
125:History
107:Persian
34:Founded
299:Majles
275:Bashar
208:After
470:, in
420:, in
291:Paris
271:Zafar
265:Press
178:Zafar
170:Zafar
103:CCUTU
17:CCUTU
119:Iran
97:The
57:Iran
45:1949
289:in
221:Ban
591::
552:.
512:^
479:^
464:.
444:^
414:.
351:.
232:.
161:.
121:.
109::
105:,
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