105:
2372:
22:
2386:
120:. However, the emergence of northwesterly winds over Central America can lead to the development of a CAG as the climatological wind pattern is interrputed. CAGs arise more frequently in the fall than the spring when the easterly trade winds are more relaxed, with the frequency of CAGs maximized in October. This interruption of the climatological trade winds tends to occur more frequently during certain phases of the
1328:
199:. This occurs about once every other year on average, and tropical cyclone development occurs in tandem with around half of all CAGs. Tropical cyclogenesis typically occurs on the northeastern periphery of the gyre, with the resulting tropical cyclone tracking counterclockwise along with the flow about the gyre.
84:. The terrain of Central America may influence the development and organization of the showers and thunderstorms associated with CAGs. On average, precipitation associated with CAGs most commonly occurs along the coast of Central America.
214:
winds are higher, the tropical cyclones associated with CAGs tend to be weaker than those occurring during the peak of the hurricane season. However, suitable conditions can facilitate the development of stronger storms; for example,
227:
after forming in association with a CAG. CAGs can also help produce tropical cyclones in the eastern
Pacific and western Atlantic simultaneously. In May and June 2020, a CAG contributed to the formation of
76:
and persistently generate inclement weather. Consequently, with the aid of the nearby ocean waters, CAGs can produce prolific amounts of rainfall over
Central America, presenting a risk for
159:
in the upper-troposphere atop the gyre. This class of CAGs is associated with enhanced moisture and precipitation around the center of the gyre. Less frequently, a CAG may exhibit a
709:
Lamers, Alex; Devi. S, Sunitha; Sharma, Monica; Berg, Robbie; Gálvez, José Manuel; Yu, Zifeng; Kriat, Tarik; Cardos, Sareti; Grant, David; Moron, Lorenzo A. (June 2023).
1033:
411:
373:
1817:
434:
1269:
241:
1687:
144:
may also contribute to the evolution of CAGs. The rarity of CAGs during the summer is associated with the concurrent lack of northwesterly flow over the
630:
128:
are more abundant over
Central America. The weakening of easterlies can produce cyclonic flow over Central America and enable CAG formation. Localized
657:
167:
in the upper-troposphere. The regions of anomalous moisture and precipitation associated with these CAGs are concentrated east of the gyre's center.
2101:
65:
of winds associated with CAGs is weak. CAGs may span across hundreds of miles, potentially covering parts of the eastern
Pacific Ocean, southern
224:
93:
1026:
850:
229:
2074:
2067:
2000:
1954:
586:"Spatial Characteristics of Rain Fields Associated with Tropical Cyclones Landfalling over the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea"
175:
CAGs consist of smaller vortices that rotate about the broader gyre. These localized areas of low pressure are associated with stronger
57:
between May and
November, and most commonly occurs during late spring (May–June) and early fall (October–November). CAGs are a type of
2162:
2108:
768:
487:
1262:
518:
2122:
2081:
1019:
658:"A Tropical Depression or Storm May Form in the Caribbean Sea or Gulf of Mexico From a 'Central American Gyre' By This Weekend"
2115:
121:
2417:
2412:
1883:
148:. One analysis identified 47 CAGs occurring between 1980 and 2010, corresponding to roughly 1.5 CAGs per year.
2020:
1899:
1473:
1357:
1255:
900:
233:
232:
in the eastern
Pacific and Gulf of Mexico. The complex weather patterns associated with CAGs presents difficulties for
2226:
2208:
1810:
1494:
1396:
1227:
545:"Regionalization of precipitation associated with tropical cyclones using spatial metrics and satellite precipitation"
460:
683:
1878:
248:
the development of tropical cyclones in the western
Caribbean in part due to the complexities associated with CAGs.
179:
and can generate pockets of higher vorticity. They often result from the interaction between the gyre and a passing
1295:
1091:
970:
2422:
1990:
1933:
245:
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104:
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1708:
1501:
1452:
830:
746:
279:
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1995:
1445:
1410:
1403:
1316:
207:
2231:
2185:
835:
825:
761:
237:
220:
125:
2176:
1701:
1522:
1487:
1350:
1071:
1042:
820:
196:
374:"Watching the Gyre: Serious Flood Threat in Central America, Tropical Cyclones Possible on Either Side"
1838:
92:
from a nearby CAG, enhancing the amount of rainfall they produce. The presence of a CAG may also push
2300:
2046:
1722:
1438:
1417:
1154:
722:
597:
556:
335:
164:
1977:
1938:
1873:
1652:
1575:
1466:
1459:
1424:
1364:
1343:
1309:
926:
890:
1212:
108:
CAGs are broad circulations and present risks for flash floods and mudslides over
Central America.
2039:
1279:
1161:
1056:
931:
895:
810:
800:
192:
89:
519:"Central American Gyre Could Trigger Dangerous Flooding, But Not Caribbean Tropical Development"
2295:
2055:
1659:
1431:
1371:
1076:
946:
905:
815:
785:
754:
216:
188:
62:
46:
30:
2390:
2015:
1603:
730:
605:
564:
343:
184:
141:
85:
26:
1715:
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1302:
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941:
113:
73:
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560:
339:
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1673:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1568:
1554:
1540:
1515:
1508:
1179:
145:
137:
72:
CAGs are also slow-moving and can last on the order of days to weeks as they move over
66:
2406:
2193:
2147:
1843:
1638:
1596:
1582:
1389:
1217:
1186:
936:
880:
631:"Shades of Opal: Here's how Hurricane Michael compares to the devastating 1995 storm"
180:
58:
50:
21:
2280:
2198:
2157:
1778:
1771:
1757:
1750:
1736:
1694:
1680:
1666:
1645:
1207:
1147:
1081:
176:
133:
54:
569:
544:
2338:
2258:
2152:
2005:
1868:
1785:
1764:
1743:
1729:
1561:
1480:
885:
860:
781:
435:"Busy tropical wave train among factors pointing to uptick in Atlantic activity"
211:
156:
77:
1327:
735:
710:
2343:
2333:
2312:
2273:
1985:
1904:
921:
875:
840:
160:
152:
117:
61:
and share similarities with monsoonal lows in other oceanic basins. The broad
610:
585:
2307:
2263:
2243:
1959:
1848:
1086:
1002:
997:
989:
845:
348:
323:
129:
2328:
2221:
2216:
1222:
1098:
81:
711:"Forecasting tropical cyclone rainfall and flooding hazards and impacts"
461:"Exploring the Central American Gyre and its impact on weather patterns"
2285:
2061:
1066:
960:
777:
1061:
805:
412:"The weather pattern fueling much of 2020's wild hurricane season"
322:
Papin, Philippe P.; Bosart, Lance F.; Torn, Ryan D. (1 May 2017).
103:
20:
1251:
1015:
750:
132:
produced by breaks in the
Central American terrain such as the
88:
over the western
Caribbean Sea and southern Gulf of Mexico may
195:
and detach from the gyre if the environment is conducive to
96:
in the southern Gulf of Mexico towards the south and west.
202:
Due to the prevalence of CAGs either early or late in the
116:
across the tropical eastern Pacific and Atlantic tend to
49:
that occurs over the eastern Pacific Ocean and western
53:. It primarily develops annually during the region's
2321:
2251:
2242:
2207:
2184:
2175:
2140:
2091:
2029:
2014:
1976:
1947:
1926:
1917:
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1831:
1802:
1532:
1381:
1335:
1287:
1240:
1200:
1171:
1132:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1049:
988:
979:
968:
959:
914:
868:
859:
793:
317:
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629:
1818:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
590:Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
454:
452:
367:
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363:
361:
359:
1263:
1027:
762:
623:
621:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
242:National Centers for Environmental Prediction
8:
584:Zhou, Yao; Matyas, Corene J. (August 2018).
543:Zhou, Yao; Matyas, Corene J. (19 May 2021).
512:
510:
508:
273:
271:
269:
267:
265:
263:
261:
236:to predict tropical cyclone formation. The
2248:
2181:
2026:
1923:
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1256:
1248:
1244:
1129:
1122:
1113:
1034:
1020:
1012:
985:
976:
965:
865:
769:
755:
747:
488:"Central America faces major flood threat"
94:rainfall associated with tropical cyclones
734:
609:
568:
347:
324:"A Climatology of Central American Gyres"
2102:South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
257:
155:structure, occurring in tandem with an
16:Broad rainy season low-pressure system
163:structure and occur in tandem with a
7:
851:Tropical cyclones and climate change
715:Tropical Cyclone Research and Review
684:"Cristobal Drenches Central America"
230:Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal
2075:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
2068:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
2001:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
1884:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
656:Belles, Jonathan (2 October 2017).
410:Sosnowski, Alex (16 October 2020).
25:Central American gyres can produce
2163:Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex
2109:Australian region tropical cyclone
628:Papin, Philippe (9 October 2018).
467:. Laredo, Texas: Hearst Newspapers
459:Bradshaw, Robin (29 August 2023).
280:"What is a Central American Gyre?"
183:. A vortex may consolidate into a
171:Influence on tropical cyclogenesis
14:
2384:
2370:
1326:
517:Erdman, Jonathan (19 May 2022).
433:Sonowski, Alex (15 June 2023) .
278:Wulfeck, Andrew (10 June 2023).
2123:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
2082:Black Sea tropical-like cyclone
2116:South Pacific tropical cyclone
1879:Continental North Asian storms
549:GIScience & Remote Sensing
486:Van Dam, Derek (30 May 2020).
1:
682:Voiland, Adam (5 June 2020).
570:10.1080/15481603.2021.1908675
69:, and western Caribbean Sea.
2377:Tropical cyclones portal
1418:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
1358:Moray Firth fishing disaster
901:Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
197:tropical cyclone development
63:counterclockwise circulation
2227:Mesoscale convective vortex
2209:Mesoscale convective system
1811:List of European windstorms
1228:Pacific Northwest windstorm
372:Henson, Bob (29 May 2020).
2439:
736:10.1016/j.tcrr.2023.06.005
45:) is a broad and seasonal
2364:
1991:Australian east coast Low
1934:Australian east coast low
1474:1992 New Year's Day Storm
1324:
1247:
1011:
122:Madden–Julian oscillation
100:Development and structure
1502:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
1495:Christmas Eve storm 1997
831:Annular tropical cyclone
611:10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0034.1
208:sea surface temperatures
2291:Multiple-vortex tornado
1730:Friederike (David) 2018
1723:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
1446:December 1981 windstorm
1404:North Sea flood of 1953
1317:Christmas Flood of 1717
349:10.1175/MWR-D-16-0411.1
2232:Line echo wave pattern
2186:Mesoscale ocean eddies
1955:Southern Ocean cyclone
1043:Extratropical cyclones
836:Bar (tropical cyclone)
826:Central dense overcast
328:Monthly Weather Review
238:Global Forecast System
109:
34:
1604:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
1467:Burns' Day storm 1990
1351:Night of the Big Wind
1072:Post-tropical cyclone
821:Rapid intensification
380:. Weather Underground
107:
39:Central American gyre
24:
2418:Atmospheric dynamics
2413:Tropical meteorology
2391:Tornadoes portal
2301:Anticyclonic tornado
2269:Low-topped supercell
2047:Cape Verde hurricane
1439:Gale of January 1976
225:Category 5 hurricane
210:are lower and upper-
151:Most CAGs exhibit a
47:area of low pressure
2093:Southern Hemisphere
2031:Northern Hemisphere
1919:Southern Hemisphere
1874:Western Disturbance
1688:Thomas (Doris) 2017
1460:Great storm of 1987
1425:1968 Scotland storm
1365:Tay Bridge disaster
1344:Great Storm of 1824
1310:Great Storm of 1703
1280:European windstorms
1109:Northern Hemisphere
927:South Atlantic High
915:Southern Hemisphere
891:North American High
869:Northern Hemisphere
727:2023TCRR...12..100L
662:The Weather Channel
636:The Washington Post
602:2018JApMC..57.1711Z
561:2021GISRS..58..542Z
523:The Weather Channel
340:2017MWRv..145.1983P
2040:Atlantic hurricane
1996:Lake Huron cyclone
1057:Anticyclonic storm
932:South Pacific High
896:North Pacific High
811:High-pressure area
801:Anticyclonic storm
286:. FOX News Network
246:erroneously depict
118:blow from the east
110:
35:
2400:
2399:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2296:Satellite tornado
2171:
2170:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2056:Pacific hurricane
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1913:
1912:
1857:
1856:
1827:
1826:
1372:Eyemouth disaster
1288:14th-18th century
1236:
1235:
1196:
1195:
1077:Low-pressure area
955:
954:
947:Subtropical ridge
906:Subtropical ridge
816:Low-pressure area
786:Centers of action
688:Earth Observatory
217:Hurricane Michael
86:Tropical cyclones
31:Hurricane Michael
27:tropical cyclones
2430:
2423:Types of cyclone
2389:
2388:
2387:
2375:
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2249:
2182:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2058:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2027:
1939:Black nor'easter
1924:
1920:
1839:Black Sea storms
1820:
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1481:Braer Storm 1993
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1399:
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1305:
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1265:
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1157:
1150:
1143:
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1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
986:
982:
977:
973:
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922:South Polar High
876:North Polar High
866:
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764:
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741:
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673:
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653:
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596:(8): 1711–1727.
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334:(5): 1983–2000.
319:
296:
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293:
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275:
240:operated by the
204:hurricane season
193:western Atlantic
185:tropical cyclone
142:Gulf of Papagayo
114:prevailing winds
2438:
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2100:
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2018:
2010:
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1303:Burchardi flood
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1296:Grote Mandrenke
1294:
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1276:
1232:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1167:
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1155:Great basin low
1153:
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1141:Alberta clipper
1139:
1117:
1108:
1103:
1045:
1040:
1007:
1003:South Polar low
998:North Polar low
980:
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951:
942:Australian High
910:
855:
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189:eastern Pacific
173:
102:
74:Central America
17:
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11:
5:
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1660:Christina 2014
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1432:Quimburga 1972
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1284:
1277:
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1233:
1231:
1230:
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1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
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1191:
1190:
1183:
1180:Panhandle hook
1175:
1173:
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1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
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1127:
1120:
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1079:
1074:
1069:
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1047:
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1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
983:
974:
971:Synoptic scale
963:
957:
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952:
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949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
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828:
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795:
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784:of the world (
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773:
766:
759:
751:
743:
742:
721:(2): 100–112.
701:
674:
648:
617:
576:
555:(4): 542–561.
535:
504:
478:
448:
425:
391:
355:
297:
256:
255:
253:
250:
234:weather models
187:in either the
172:
169:
146:Gulf of Mexico
138:Gulf of Panama
101:
98:
67:Gulf of Mexico
29:(precursor to
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2435:
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2194:Catalina eddy
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2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2161:
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2148:Cold-core low
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1877:
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1844:Icelandic Low
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1199:
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1187:November gale
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1118:North America
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981:Surface-based
978:
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937:Kalahari High
935:
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919:
917:
913:
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904:
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881:Siberian High
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437:. AccuWeather
436:
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414:. AccuWeather
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181:tropical wave
178:
177:thunderstorms
170:
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99:
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91:
90:draw moisture
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
59:monsoonal low
56:
52:
51:Caribbean Sea
48:
44:
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
2382:
2368:
2281:Funnel cloud
2199:Haida Eddies
2158:Polar vortex
1716:Herwart 2017
1709:Ophelia 2017
1632:St Jude 2013
1611:Joachim 2011
1590:Xynthia 2010
1548:Jeanett 2002
1533:21st century
1453:Charley 1986
1390:Ulysses 1903
1382:20th century
1336:19th century
1213:Hatteras low
1208:Aleutian Low
1148:Colorado low
1082:Weather bomb
782:anticyclones
718:
714:
704:
692:. Retrieved
687:
677:
665:. Retrieved
661:
651:
639:. Retrieved
635:
593:
589:
579:
552:
548:
538:
526:. Retrieved
522:
495:. Retrieved
491:
481:
469:. Retrieved
464:
439:. Retrieved
428:
416:. Retrieved
382:. Retrieved
377:
331:
327:
288:. Retrieved
283:
212:tropospheric
201:
174:
150:
134:Chivela Pass
111:
78:flash floods
71:
55:rainy season
42:
38:
36:
18:
2339:Steam devil
2259:Mesocyclone
2153:Cut-off low
2141:Upper level
1978:Subtropical
1948:Other areas
1893:Other areas
1869:Asiatic Low
1793:Ciarán 2023
1779:Larisa 2023
1772:Eunice 2022
1758:Aurore 2021
1751:Dennis 2020
1737:Adrian 2018
1702:Xavier 2017
1674:Niklas 2015
1625:Andrea 2012
1618:Dagmar 2011
1569:Kyrill 2007
1555:Gudrun 2005
1541:Oratia 2000
1523:Martin 1999
1516:Lothar 1999
1509:Anatol 1999
1411:Debbie 1961
1397:Iberia 1941
1162:Bighorn Low
1133:Lee Cyclone
1126:Continental
886:Azores High
861:Anticyclone
284:FOX Weather
157:anticyclone
2407:Categories
2344:Fire whirl
2334:Dust devil
2313:Waterspout
2274:Wall cloud
1986:Kona storm
1905:Kona storm
1786:Babet 2023
1765:Malik 2022
1744:Ciara 2020
1639:Xaver 2013
1597:Berit 2011
1583:Klaus 2009
1218:Nor'easter
841:Superstorm
378:Category 6
252:References
161:baroclinic
153:barotropic
2308:Landspout
2264:Supercell
2244:Whirlwind
2177:Mesoscale
1960:Sudestada
1927:Australia
1849:Genoa low
1695:Zeus 2017
1681:Egon 2017
1667:Tini 2014
1653:Anne 2014
1646:Dirk 2013
1576:Emma 2008
1488:Lili 1996
1087:Sting jet
846:Hypercane
694:4 January
667:4 January
641:4 January
528:4 January
497:4 January
471:4 January
465:LMTonline
441:4 January
418:4 January
384:4 January
290:4 January
244:tends to
130:vorticity
82:mudslides
2329:Gustnado
2222:Mesohigh
2217:Wake Low
2016:Tropical
1803:See also
1562:Per 2007
1223:Gulf low
1099:Rainband
1050:Concepts
794:Concepts
778:Cyclones
221:landfall
2286:Tornado
2062:Typhoon
2021:Outline
2006:Thermal
1201:Oceanic
1067:Cyclone
961:Cyclone
723:Bibcode
598:Bibcode
557:Bibcode
336:Bibcode
33:shown).
1900:Arctic
1241:Europe
690:. NASA
165:trough
140:, and
126:storms
2322:Minor
2252:Major
1832:Other
1172:Other
1062:Storm
990:Polar
806:Storm
223:as a
219:made
206:when
124:when
1862:Asia
1092:List
780:and
696:2024
669:2024
643:2024
530:2024
499:2024
473:2024
443:2024
420:2024
386:2024
292:2024
112:The
80:and
37:The
731:doi
606:doi
565:doi
492:CNN
344:doi
332:145
191:or
43:CAG
2409::
729:.
719:12
717:.
713:.
686:.
660:.
634:.
620:^
604:.
594:57
592:.
588:.
563:.
553:58
551:.
547:.
521:.
507:^
490:.
463:.
451:^
394:^
376:.
358:^
342:.
330:.
326:.
300:^
282:.
260:^
136:,
2023:)
2019:(
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
1035:e
1028:t
1021:v
788:)
770:e
763:t
756:v
739:.
733::
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698:.
671:.
645:.
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608::
600::
573:.
567::
559::
532:.
501:.
475:.
445:.
422:.
388:.
352:.
346::
338::
294:.
41:(
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