45:
1811:(BPUPK) was announced by the Japanese to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java". The opening ceremony was held in the Central Advisory Council building on May 28. The first BPUPK plenary session was help from May 28 to June 1 to discuss the form of a future Indonesian state. On the final day, Sukarno made a speech in which he outlined the philosophical basis for the nation, the five principles subsequently known as
1035:
1241:, as it was not allowed to criticize the government. Its role was limited to answering questions asked of it by the military administration. In the view of the Japanese, the council would encourage the people of Java and Madura to take responsibility for their lives in accordance with the wishes of the Japanese. The subjects it was allowed to discuss were:
1171:. The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, including
1903:
March 25, 1945, before a similar body was announced for
Sumatra, but it did not meet for the first time until the end of June. It had 40 members, 25 appointed by the Japanese and 15 chosen by the ten regional advisory councils. Mohammad Sjafei was appointed chairman. The vice-chairmen were Abdoel Abas and
1789:
This session was attended by a large number of
Japanese officials and civilians as well as journalists. The question under discussion was how to obtain real results in concentrating the strength of every person to wage war and what must be done to improve living standards as the war reaches a zenith.
1781:). The next day, the Japanese military commander ordered special session of the Central Advisory Council to discus the question of how the Indonesian people could prove their gratitude to the Japanese government and how to awaken the enthusiasm of the people to destroy the United States and Britain.
1818:
Before the beginning of the final session of the
Central Advisory Council, Vice-chairman M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo resigned because of his age. The members elected Hatta to replace him. In the session, delegates urged the Japanese administration to include more young people in the national leadership.
1902:
Lt. Gen Hamada Hiromu, was much less enthusiastic about independence for
Sumatra, the region under his authority, and was opposed to the idea of Sumatra being a part of any future indonesian state. Therefore, it was almost years after the establishment of the Java Central Advisory Council, when on
1700:
The session began with an expression of thanks from the
Japanese for the willingness of the Indonesians to cooperate with the military regime. On October 17, Sukarno was appointed chairman while R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo and Boentaran Martoatmodjo were appointed vice-chairmen. All three were
2084:
to discuss questions put to it by the
Japanese military authorities. These concerned ways to strengthen the unity and resolve of the Sumatran people. It also passed a number of resolutions, including calling for the establishment of a Sumatran preparatory committee for independence and a
1449:) comprising Javanese and Japanese members. The head as well as the two deputy heads were appointed directly by the head of the military administration. Following 7 September 1944 promise of future independence for the Dutch East Indies, 14 new members were appointed. The members were:
1798:
The war situation continued to worsen, as did the economic circumstances. Meanwhile, the
Japanese took a slightly softer and Council members began to criticize the administration. The question discussed at this session was how to rapidly implement modernization of people's lives.
1819:
The question put by the military commander concerned how to implement the endeavor to motivate every person to direct their energies and undergo training to strengthen their defenses and purify efforts towards the preparation of
Indonesian independence as soon as possible.
1155:, overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime. The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the
1708:
for his generosity in giving the
Indonesians the opportunity to work with the military administration. The delegation arrived on November 15. The following day the three men were decorated by the emperor. In a meeting with Japanese Prime minister
1753:. Sinkings of Japanese shipping led to shortages in Java and the military commander ordered the Central Advisory Council to meet to discuss the question of how to increase the workforce, defend the nation and increase production.
1219:. The Japanese then appointed more advisers and on 15 September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council in Java, chaired by Sukarno. Sessions of the CAC were held in the same building that had been used by the
2098:
2086:
1808:
1704:
After this session, on
November 10, a delegation from the Central Advisory Council comprising Sukarno, Hatta and Bagoes Hadikoesoemo left for Tokyo. They had been invited to Japan to thank the
1737:
The question for this session was how to raise the awareness of the people regarding their obligations as well as to strengthen friendly cooperation regardless of nationality, work or rank.
745:
2523:. Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University.
1729:
This session discussed the question from the Japanese military commander regarding practical ways the people of Java could organize their strength to be ready for victorious battle.
2756:
2751:
2103:
725:
705:
1063:
1146:
1134:
794:
2584:
2675:
2621:
The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
2741:
2722:
2573:
2554:
839:
980:
940:
2746:
1056:
1002:
2628:
960:
1179:. The Japanese promised self-government in the future, and established a nationalist organization called Centre of People's Power (
995:
985:
975:
970:
950:
2617:
Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan
1345:
Members were either appointed by the 16th Army commander (23 members) or elected by and from regional representative councils (
1012:
804:
52:
1236:
1049:
1017:
1007:
990:
955:
879:
849:
784:
614:
317:
140:
24:
1133:
was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the
633:
326:
859:
2518:
1152:
814:
1899:
1872:
1546:
1156:
1100:
965:
1762:
1439:
1395:
1375:
1355:
1201:
945:
366:
2046:
1480:
112:
1524:
1426:
1314:
1168:
1164:
1564:
2603:
2040:
1908:
1600:
1464:
869:
596:
61:
44:
1812:
1551:
1541:
1519:
1485:
1090:
897:
660:
623:
576:
506:
476:
446:
416:
33:
1721:
to be lifted and was told that the Japanese would consider these demands once they had won the war.
1514:
1475:
1235:
The Central Advisory Council was even less powerful than the pre-war body set up by the Dutch, the
1180:
1124:
715:
680:
546:
466:
336:
2698:
2639:
1907:. Like the Java body, this council also had a secretariat. This was headed by Sumatra journalist
1418:
1224:
1212:
920:
905:
566:
536:
456:
376:
209:
1502:
2718:
2662:
2624:
2623:] (in Indonesian). Depok, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
2569:
2550:
2514:
1714:
1588:
1430:
1386:
1366:
1346:
1192:
1082:
755:
735:
516:
406:
396:
356:
91:
1593:
2690:
2654:
2016:
1766:
1750:
1620:
1039:
915:
670:
496:
486:
179:
1573:
1569:
1507:
2064:
1904:
910:
651:
526:
426:
386:
219:
2710:
1718:
1605:
1559:
1414:
1176:
586:
556:
436:
259:
189:
2735:
1774:
239:
1580:
1459:
1405:) councils . Many of them had been members of nationalist organizations and/or the
229:
159:
122:
1490:
1882:
1777:. On September 7, Koiso promised independence for the 'East Indies' "later on" (
1770:
1710:
1422:
1216:
346:
269:
71:
2658:
2081:
289:
2666:
2085:
500,000-strong people's army. The Japanese subsequently announced a Sumatran
2520:
Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945
299:
249:
199:
102:
2534:
Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation
81:
2640:"A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia"
2702:
1761:
In August 1944, the war situation worsened further for Japan, with the
1705:
1529:
1497:
1410:
1324:
1172:
169:
2099:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK)
1746:
1160:
279:
2694:
16:
Institutions used to run Java and Sumatra during Japanese occupation
1175:- who the Japanese freed from the exile imposed by the Dutch - and
1941:
149:
2530:
Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang
1365:), 18 members from special municipality representative councils (
2536:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: PT. Rosda Jayaputra.
2076:
Sumatra Central Advisory Council Session (June 27–July 2, 1945)
1137:
to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation.
2087:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
1809:
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
2497:
1923:
Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Sumatra
2547:
Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders
2543:
Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa
2585:"Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945"
1453:
Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java
2445:
2443:
2104:
Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)
1444:
1400:
1380:
1360:
1206:
1223:
in Pejambon, central Jakarta. It is now known as the
1167:
and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by
1888:
1878:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1289:
2549:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kompas Gramedia.
1094:
1915:Membership of Sumatra Central Advisory Council
1836:
1725:Second Session (January 30 - February 3, 1944)
1278:
1211:). The new body was headed by Sukarno, Hatta,
2610:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1057:
8:
2757:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
2752:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan
2647:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
2080:The Sumatra Central Advisory Council met in
1827:
1757:Fifth (Special) Session (September 11, 1944)
1701:inaugurated by the head of the secretariat.
1269:
1147:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
1135:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
2374:
1807:On March 1, 1945, the establishment of the
1341:Membership of Java Central Advisory Council
1108:
2715:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
1064:
1050:
18:
2498:Daradjadi & Osa Kurniawan Ilham 2020
2461:
2422:
2386:
2230:
2182:
2158:
2146:
2122:
2608:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
2541:Daradjadi; Osa Kurniawan Ilham (2020).
2528:Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo (1982).
2410:
2362:
2350:
2326:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2254:
2242:
2206:
2194:
2115:
1974:Orang Kaja Mohd. Djamil (Mainland Riau)
1626:Bandoro P. Ario Poeroebojo (Jogjakarta)
32:
21:
2676:"The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra"
2434:
2338:
2218:
1983:Radja Kaliamsjah Sinaga (East Sumatra)
1826:
1794:Seventh Session (February 21–26, 1945)
1691:Java Central Advisory Council Sessions
1679:Additional members appointed in 1943:
1536:Additional members appointed in 1943:
1429:. The council also had a secretariat (
1268:
2473:
2398:
2314:
2266:
2170:
2134:
2010:Elected by regional advisory councils
1613:Elected by regional advisory councils
1385:) and 2 members from special region (
7:
2485:
2449:
1785:Sixth Session (November 12–17, 1944)
2717:(4th ed.). London: MacMillan.
1741:Fourth Session (August 12–16, 1944)
1713:, Sukarno asked for the ban on the
1696:First Session (October 16–20, 1943)
1248:improvements to standards of living
2638:Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011).
1986:Radja Saul Lumbantobing (Tapanuli)
1828:Central Advisory Council (Sumatra)
14:
1803:Eighth Session (June 18–21, 1945)
1245:the development of the government
2566:The Idea of Indonesia: A History
1932:A.R. Sutan Mansur (West Sumatra)
1823:Sumatra Central Advisory Council
1662:Sardjono Danoedibroto (Banjumas)
1656:R. Z. Soeriakartalegawa (Banten)
1033:
43:
1919:The membership was as follows:
1733:Third Session (7 - 11 May 1944)
1638:M. Soetisna Sendjaja (Priangan)
1472:Bendoro P. Ario Soerjodiningrat
1270:Central Advisory Council (Java)
2674:Reid, Anthony (October 1971).
2568:. Cambridge University Press.
2055:M. A. Sjarif (Bangka Belitung)
2034:Chatib Suleiman (West Sumatra)
1971:Oen Lam Seng (Bangka Belitung)
1632:Ibrahim Singadilaga (Djakarta)
746:French and British interregnum
1:
2742:1943 in the Dutch East Indies
2058:Mohd. Baud Beureufehli (Aceh)
1773:resigned and was replaced by
1659:Sardjito Kartomihardjo (Kedu)
1409:. Prominent members included
1265:Java Central Advisory Council
1257:welfare and social assistance
1153:invaded the Dutch East Indies
2089:chaired by Mohammad Sjafei.
1947:Hsu Hua Chang (East Sumatra)
1635:M. A. Sofwan (Djakarta Raya)
1629:Fatchoerrahman (Bodjonegoro)
1151:In early 1942, the Japanese
1118:Central House of Councillors
634:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
2061:Mohd. Sjafei (West Sumatra)
1992:Sjamsoeddin (Mainland Riau)
1959:Mohd. Djamil (West Sumatra)
1763:loss of the Solomon Islands
1653:Poero Martodipoero (Kediri)
1445:
1401:
1381:
1361:
1207:
1095:
141:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
2773:
2209:, pp. 33–37, 115–121.
2070:Radja Pagar Alam (Lampung)
2052:Firman Rangkuti (Tapanuli)
1980:R. Pirngadi (East Sumatra)
1900:Japanese Twenty-Fifth Army
1843:, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat
1683:Asmo Asmodisastro (Besuki)
1285:, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat
1208:minshū sōryoku kesshū undō
1191:Putra (current spelling),
1144:
815:United States of Indonesia
652:Chinese Kongsi federations
2747:Indonesia in World War II
2659:10.1163/22134379-90003589
2031:Aminoedin (Mainland Riau)
1968:Mr. Abdul Abbas (Lampung)
1832:
1481:Margono Djojohadikoesoemo
1434:
1390:
1370:
1350:
1274:
1251:education and information
1196:
1086:
966:Javanese historical texts
2025:Abdoel Rozak (Palembang)
1953:Indra Tjahaja (Bangkulu)
1254:industry and the economy
1187:, Poetra (old spelling)
1129:Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat
1078:Central Advisory Council
726:Dutch East India Company
367:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2375:Kusuma & Elson 2011
1998:T.P.P. Mohd. Ali (Aceh)
1989:Rahim Pasaman (Lampung)
1938:Baringek (West Sumatra)
1686:R. Soedirman (Surabaja)
1674:Wediodiningrat (Madiun)
1650:Mohamad Toha (Tjirebon)
1382:Tokubetsu-shi Sangi-kai
2604:Kahin, George McTurnan
2047:Ferdinand Lumbantobing
1965:Mohd. Jasin (Bangkulu)
1837:
1751:captured by the Allies
1644:Marzoeki Mahdi (Bogor)
1601:Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo
1427:Rajiman Wediodiningrat
1279:
1184:
1169:Imperial Japanese Navy
1128:
777:Emergence of Indonesia
2615:Kusuma, A.B. (2004).
2583:Elson, R. E. (2009).
2041:Djamaluddin Adinegoro
2037:Damrah (East Sumatra)
1977:Othman (East Sumatra)
1909:Djamaluddin Adinegoro
1898:The commander of the
1671:Soerjonegoro (Madura)
1465:Abikusno Tjokrosujoso
832:Republic of Indonesia
698:European colonization
597:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
2564:Elson, R.E. (2008).
2028:Abdoellah (Bangkulu)
2022:Abdoel Manan (Jambi)
2004:Tjik Wan (Palembang)
2001:Tjik Mat (Palembang)
1995:T. Tjut Hasan (Aceh)
1935:Abdoel Katab (Jambi)
1552:Johannes Latuharhary
1547:Alexander A. Maramis
1542:Abdurrahman Baswedan
1520:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto
1446:jimukyoku, zimukyoku
1189:Pusat Tenaga Rakyat,
1185:Poesat Tenaga Rakyat
1040:Indonesia portal
661:Heshun Confederation
577:Yogyakarta Sultanate
507:Kalinyamat Sultanate
477:Sultanate of Jailolo
447:Sultanate of Ternate
160:Tarumanagara Kingdom
2476:, pp. 104–105.
2413:, pp. 102–103.
2401:, pp. 121–122.
2269:, pp. 106–107.
2173:, pp. 103–106.
2161:, pp. 332–333.
2137:, pp. 101–102.
1950:Ibrahim (Palembang)
1829:
1665:Soejoedi (Semarang)
1585:Prawoto Soemodilogo
1565:Oekar Bratakoesoema
1271:
805:National Revolution
795:Japanese occupation
681:Santiaogou Republic
547:Palembang Sultanate
467:Sultanate of Tidore
337:Peureulak Sultanate
270:Dharmasraya Kingdom
2515:Anderson, Benedict
2245:, pp. 30, 47.
1962:Mohd. Hasbi (Aceh)
1929:A. Aziz (Tapanuli)
1476:Gatot Mangkupradja
1469:Ario Woerjaningrat
1460:Abdul Wahid Hasyim
1419:Ki Hajar Dewantara
1225:Pancasila Building
1213:Ki Hajar Dewantara
884:1998–present
785:National Awakening
615:Christian kingdoms
581:1755–present
571:1745–present
567:Surakarta Sunanate
537:Kingdom of Kaimana
491:1526–present
457:Sultanate of Bacan
377:Pagaruyung Kingdom
318:Islamic sultanates
210:Shailendra Dynasty
2724:978-0-230-54685-1
2575:978-0-521-87648-3
2556:978-623-00-2017-9
2500:, pp. 20–21.
2488:, pp. 43–44.
2452:, pp. 27–28.
2365:, pp. 90–91.
2353:, pp. 82–83.
2329:, pp. 77–79.
2305:, pp. 70–71.
2257:, pp. 39–40.
2233:, pp. 10–11.
1896:
1895:
1873:25th Army command
1769:. Prime Minister
1668:Soenarko (Malang)
1641:Maas (Pekalongan)
1443:
1399:
1379:
1359:
1338:
1337:
1315:16th Army command
1298:15 September 1943
1205:
1074:
1073:
888:
887:
840:Liberal democracy
823:
822:
768:
767:
756:Dutch East Indies
689:
688:
642:
641:
624:Larantuka Kingdom
605:
604:
517:Mataram Sultanate
417:Cirebon Sultanate
397:Malacca Sultanate
357:Ternate Sultanate
308:
307:
290:Singhasari Empire
284:1000s–1300s
250:Kahuripan Kingdom
131:
130:
2764:
2728:
2706:
2680:
2670:
2653:(2–3): 196–209.
2644:
2634:
2611:
2599:
2589:
2579:
2560:
2537:
2524:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2017:Adnan Kapau Gani
1842:
1840:
1830:
1779:di kemudian hari
1767:Marshall Islands
1597:
1577:
1511:
1494:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1284:
1282:
1272:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1098:
1088:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1036:
850:Guided Democracy
836:
835:
781:
780:
702:
701:
671:Lanfang Republic
657:
656:
620:
619:
541:1600s–1926
531:1528s–1877
497:Banjar Sultanate
487:Banten Sultanate
471:1500s–1967
387:Brunei Sultanate
323:
322:
300:Majapahit Empire
200:Srivijaya Empire
180:Kalingga Kingdom
146:
145:
113:Toba catastrophe
96:94,000–12,000 BP
67:
66:
47:
37:
19:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2709:
2695:10.2307/3350656
2678:
2673:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2614:
2602:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2540:
2527:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2095:
2078:
2073:
2012:
2007:
1956:Makalam (Jambi)
1925:
1917:
1905:Teuku Nyak Arif
1848:Agency overview
1834:
1825:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1759:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:national anthem
1715:Indonesian flag
1698:
1693:
1677:
1647:Mas Aris (Pati)
1615:
1610:
1591:
1567:
1534:
1505:
1488:
1486:Mohammad Djamin
1455:
1343:
1290:Agency overview
1276:
1267:
1233:
1149:
1143:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1080:
1070:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1023:
935:
927:
926:
925:
900:
890:
889:
874:1967–1998
864:1966–1967
854:1959–1966
844:1950–1959
833:
825:
824:
819:1949–1950
809:1945–1949
799:1942–1945
789:1908–1942
778:
770:
769:
764:
763:1945–1949
762:
761:1800–1942
750:1806–1816
740:1685–1824
730:1602–1799
720:1521–1677
710:1512–1850
699:
691:
690:
685:1777–1853
675:1777–1884
665:1776–1854
654:
644:
643:
617:
607:
606:
601:1824–1911
591:1814–1946
561:1725–1946
551:1659–1823
527:Johor Sultanate
521:1586–1755
511:1527–1599
501:1526–1863
481:1496–1903
461:1515–1946
451:1486–1914
441:1496–1903
431:1475–1554
427:Demak Sultanate
421:1445–1677
411:1405–1851
401:1400–1511
391:1368–1888
381:1347–1833
371:1267–1521
361:1257–1914
351:1225–1613
327:Spread of Islam
320:
310:
309:
304:1293–1527
294:1222–1292
274:1183–1347
264:1045–1221
254:1019–1045
220:Mataram Kingdom
143:
133:
132:
64:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2711:Ricklefs, M.C.
2707:
2671:
2635:
2629:
2612:
2600:
2598:(88): 105–130.
2580:
2574:
2561:
2555:
2538:
2525:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 337.
2454:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2377:, p. 196.
2367:
2355:
2343:
2331:
2319:
2317:, p. 108.
2307:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2149:, p. 325.
2139:
2127:
2125:, p. 322.
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2091:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2043:(East Sumatra)
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:(East Sumatra)
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1824:
1821:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1758:
1755:
1745:In July 1944,
1742:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:Sosrodiningrat
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1606:Yap Tjwan Bing
1603:
1598:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1562:
1560:Muhammad Yamin
1557:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1500:
1498:Pandji Soeroso
1495:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1232:
1229:
1177:Mohammed Hatta
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1105:Tyuuoo Sangiin
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
918:
913:
908:
902:
901:
896:
895:
892:
891:
886:
885:
882:
876:
875:
872:
866:
865:
862:
856:
855:
852:
846:
845:
842:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
821:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
801:
800:
797:
791:
790:
787:
779:
776:
775:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
758:
752:
751:
748:
742:
741:
738:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
655:
650:
649:
646:
645:
640:
639:
636:
630:
629:
626:
618:
613:
612:
609:
608:
603:
602:
599:
593:
592:
589:
587:Deli Sultanate
583:
582:
579:
573:
572:
569:
563:
562:
559:
557:Siak Sultanate
553:
552:
549:
543:
542:
539:
533:
532:
529:
523:
522:
519:
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
439:
437:Aceh Sultanate
433:
432:
429:
423:
422:
419:
413:
412:
409:
407:Sulu Sultanate
403:
402:
399:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
341:840–1292
339:
333:
332:
331:800–1600
329:
321:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
305:
302:
296:
295:
292:
286:
285:
282:
280:Pannai Kingdom
276:
275:
272:
266:
265:
262:
260:Kediri Kingdom
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
244:932–1579
242:
236:
235:
234:914–1908
232:
226:
225:
224:716–1016
222:
216:
215:
212:
206:
205:
202:
196:
195:
192:
190:Melayu Kingdom
186:
185:
182:
176:
175:
172:
166:
165:
162:
156:
155:
152:
144:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
106:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
75:
65:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
48:
40:
39:
30:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2769:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2689:(12): 21–46.
2688:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2630:979-8972-28-7
2626:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2462:Ricklefs 2008
2458:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2425:, p. 53.
2424:
2423:Anderson 1961
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2389:, p. 17.
2388:
2387:Anderson 1961
2383:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2344:
2341:, p. 79.
2340:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2293:, p. 64.
2292:
2287:
2284:
2281:, p. 57.
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:Anderson 1961
2227:
2224:
2221:, p. 77.
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2197:, p. 30.
2196:
2191:
2188:
2185:, p. 10.
2184:
2183:Anderson 1961
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2159:Ricklefs 2008
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Ricklefs 2008
2143:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2123:Ricklefs 2008
2119:
2116:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:25 March 1945
1855:
1851:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1793:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:Kuniaki Koiso
1772:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1362:Shū Sangi-kai
1357:
1348:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1231:Aims and role
1230:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
931:
930:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
899:
894:
893:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
858:
857:
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
841:
838:
837:
829:
828:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
806:
803:
802:
798:
796:
793:
792:
788:
786:
783:
782:
774:
773:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
707:
704:
703:
695:
694:
684:
682:
679:
678:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
658:
653:
648:
647:
637:
635:
632:
631:
627:
625:
622:
621:
616:
611:
610:
600:
598:
595:
594:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:
575:
574:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
518:
515:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
455:
454:
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
428:
425:
424:
420:
418:
415:
414:
410:
408:
405:
404:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
368:
365:
364:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
345:
344:
340:
338:
335:
334:
330:
328:
325:
324:
319:
314:
313:
303:
301:
298:
297:
293:
291:
288:
287:
283:
281:
278:
277:
273:
271:
268:
267:
263:
261:
258:
257:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
241:
240:Sunda Kingdom
238:
237:
233:
231:
228:
227:
223:
221:
218:
217:
213:
211:
208:
207:
203:
201:
198:
197:
193:
191:
188:
187:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
171:
168:
167:
163:
161:
158:
157:
153:
151:
150:Kutai Kingdom
148:
147:
142:
137:
136:
126:
124:
121:
120:
116:
114:
111:
110:
107:
105:
104:
100:
99:
95:
93:
90:
89:
85:
83:
80:
79:
76:
74:
73:
69:
68:
63:
58:
57:
54:
51:
50:
46:
42:
41:
38:
31:
26:
20:
2714:
2686:
2682:
2650:
2646:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2595:
2591:
2565:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2437:, p. 1.
2430:
2418:
2411:Arniati 1982
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2363:Arniati 1982
2358:
2351:Arniati 1982
2346:
2334:
2327:Arniati 1982
2322:
2310:
2303:Arniati 1982
2298:
2291:Arniati 1982
2286:
2279:Arniati 1982
2274:
2262:
2255:Arniati 1982
2250:
2243:Arniati 1982
2238:
2226:
2214:
2207:Arniati 1982
2202:
2195:Arniati 1982
2190:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2079:
1918:
1897:
1879:Headquarters
1869:Jurisdiction
1838:Chūō Sangiin
1817:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1778:
1760:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1703:
1699:
1678:
1581:P. F. Dahler
1535:
1406:
1402:kōchi, kooti
1344:
1321:Headquarters
1311:Jurisdiction
1306:21 June 1945
1280:Chūō Sangiin
1237:
1234:
1220:
1188:
1150:
1104:
1101:Kunrei-shiki
1096:Chūō Sangiin
1077:
1075:
1022:
981:Christianity
230:Bali Kingdom
123:Buni culture
101:
86:1,000,000 BP
70:
2508:Works cited
2435:Kusuma 2004
2339:Kusuma 2004
2219:Kusuma 2004
2019:(Palembang)
1883:Bukittinggi
1864:2 July 1945
1592: [
1568: [
1556:Mas Goenari
1506: [
1489: [
1423:Mas Mansoer
1217:Mas Mansoer
1159:, Java and
946:Archaeology
941:Agriculture
347:Aru Kingdom
72:Paleolithic
34:History of
2736:Categories
2474:Elson 2008
2399:Kahin 1952
2315:Elson 2009
2267:Kahin 1952
2171:Kahin 1952
2135:Kahin 1952
2110:References
2082:Bukitinggi
2049:(Tapanuli)
1181:Indonesian
1163:under the
1141:Background
1125:Indonesian
1003:Mass media
880:Reform era
860:Transition
706:Portuguese
92:Flores Man
62:Prehistory
2713:(2008) .
2683:Indonesia
2667:0006-2294
2592:Indonesia
2486:Reid 1971
2450:Reid 1971
2065:Njak Arif
1889:Employees
1861:Dissolved
1813:Pancasila
1525:Soemanang
1503:Samsoedin
1440:romanized
1407:Volksraad
1396:romanized
1376:romanized
1356:romanized
1331:Employees
1303:Dissolved
1238:Volksraad
1221:Volksraad
1202:romanized
1165:16th Army
1157:25th Army
961:Education
870:New Order
638:1670–1950
628:1515–1904
214:600s–900s
204:600s–1025
194:600s–1347
184:500s–600s
174:400s-500s
164:400s–500s
117:75,000 BP
103:Neolithic
36:Indonesia
2606:(1952).
2517:(1961).
2093:See also
1765:and the
1717:and the
1706:Hirohito
1619:Adipati
1589:Roedjito
1515:Soedjono
1431:Japanese
1387:Japanese
1367:Japanese
1347:Japanese
1197:民衆総力結集運動
1193:Japanese
1083:Japanese
1008:Military
986:Hinduism
976:Buddhism
971:Religion
951:Currency
934:By topic
154:350–1605
82:Java Man
53:Timeline
25:a series
23:Part of
2703:3350656
1530:Sukarno
1442::
1411:Sukarno
1398::
1378::
1358::
1325:Jakarta
1204::
1173:Sukarno
1112:
1091:Hepburn
996:Judaism
956:Economy
921:Bandung
906:Jakarta
898:Regions
736:British
716:Spanish
170:Kantoli
127:400 BCE
2721:
2701:
2665:
2627:
2572:
2553:
2067:(Aceh)
1853:Formed
1747:Saipan
1623:(Solo)
1371:特別市参議会
1295:Formed
1260:health
1161:Madura
27:on the
2699:JSTOR
2679:(PDF)
2643:(PDF)
2619:[
2588:(PDF)
2545:[
2532:[
1942:Hamka
1833:中央参議院
1596:]
1576:]
1510:]
1493:]
1415:Hatta
1275:中央参議院
1087:中央参議院
1018:Women
1013:Sport
991:Islam
916:Bogor
2719:ISBN
2663:ISSN
2625:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2551:ISBN
1771:Tojo
1749:was
1711:Tojo
1425:and
1351:州参議会
1215:and
1109:lit.
1076:The
911:Bali
2691:doi
2655:doi
2651:167
1435:事務局
2738::
2697:.
2687:12
2685:.
2681:.
2661:.
2649:.
2645:.
2596:88
2594:.
2590:.
2442:^
1911:.
1892:40
1815:.
1594:id
1574:su
1572:;
1570:id
1508:id
1491:id
1437:,
1433::
1421:,
1417:,
1413:,
1393:,
1391:公地
1389::
1373:,
1369::
1353:,
1349::
1334:57
1227:.
1199:,
1195::
1183::
1127::
1123:,
1107:,
1103::
1099:,
1093::
1089:,
1085::
2727:.
2705:.
2693::
2669:.
2657::
2633:.
2578:.
2559:.
1841:)
1835:(
1283:)
1277:(
1131:)
1121:'
1115:'
1081:(
1065:e
1058:t
1051:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
