1950:
129:
1966:
1977:
4025:
1958:
4039:
2016:
of their masters. A very large sum was paid by the
British state to thousands of its subjects; most of the erstwhile owners received compensation for only one or a handful of slaves, but a small number of families owned large plantations with hundreds or even thousands of enslaved workers, and so
1904:
The second project charted the ownership histories of approximately 4,000 estates, going back to around 1763 but focusing primarily on the years of the slave registers, 1817–1834. The second phase added another 4,000 estates, and another 20,000 slave-owners. The current project continues to add
2758:
2041:'s introduction acknowledges that "Academic research takes time to feed through into the public domain, where such links had so often been either studiously ignored or actively repressed." Compensation money was received by the owners of "well-known sites of slave ownership such as
2360:...the new legislation called for the gradual abolition of slavery. Everyone over the age of six on August 1, 1834, when the law went into effect, was required to serve an apprenticeship of four years in the case of domestics and six years in the case of field hands
2036:
held a conference on "Slavery and the
British Country House: mapping the current research" in 2009. The papers were compiled into a book of the same title, with an opening chapter to set the scene by Nicholas Draper describing the legacies project, then in embryo.
1627:
2766:
2187:
launched an enquiry to understand the impact of slavery on the institution. A number of business still in existence have been shown to have benefited from slavery: "Among the names the UCL project has turned up are the
2020:
Inaugural director Nick Draper and chair
Catherine Hall have said that the central purpose of the Legacies database is to counter "selective forgetting", whereby society forgets the human cost of slavery but celebrates
2067:
As Hall has stated, beneficiaries of slavery were not only people who owned slaves, but also those whose business dealings derived benefit from slavery. This included merchants who were involved in industries such as
2095:. He was paid £106,769 in compensation for the 2,508 slaves he owned across nine plantations, the modern equivalent of about £80m. Given such an investment, it is perhaps not surprising that William Gladstone’s
1987:
The centre's work is freely available online to the public through the
Legacies of British Slavery database. This database aims to record all those individuals who were recompensed by the British state at the
3712:
3317:
3806:
3445:
2073:
2997:
2115:. "As well as paying for the building of dozens of country houses and art collections, the money also helped fund railways, museums, insurance companies, mining firms, merchants and banks."
1748:
1871:
2244:, has been shown to have had many former slaveholders and beneficiaries of slavery in its history, a number of whom are recognised in public honours, including place-names and statuary.
3863:
3659:
3461:
2079:
One of the purposes of the legacies project is to research how the families spent their compensation. Some of the money went to pay for the education of sons and grandsons (including
2705:
1612:
1143:
1949:
1497:
869:
606:
3466:
3140:
1233:
874:
3918:
3500:
3410:
3255:
2277:
revealed that he had attempted to stop a genealogy television show revealing his ancestral connection to slavery, which had arisen as a result of the
Legacies database.
2240:, who gave large sums of money without which the colony would not have been created in 1836. This body of research generated media attention. Another Australian state,
4072:
3883:
3281:
3202:
2644:
566:
3957:
3588:
3483:
921:
3890:
3377:
3275:
2499:
2398:
1467:
3025:
1897:. The first project started with the slave compensation data, identifying slave-owners and the estates on which enslaved people lived. (As land owners in the
3897:
3820:
3352:
1617:
948:
2028:
The project builds on a wider re-examination of
Britain's links to slavery and its abolition, some of which was stimulated by the 2007 bicentenary of the
1694:
446:
2228:. The Legacies database revealed numerous connections to slavery that had previously been overlooked or unknown. For example, the colony (now state) of
3758:
896:
3972:
3952:
3753:
3477:
1667:
1487:
660:
4067:
3133:
2061:
1825:
3065:
2478:
4082:
3834:
3332:
3327:
2738:
931:
349:
3608:
3563:
3342:
2509:
1509:
1186:
958:
3748:
3743:
3312:
2060:. The Slave Compensation Commission established a sum equivalent in today's money to about 17 billion pounds, the largest payout until the
1894:
1886:
1701:
1662:
1305:
2715:
2454:
2257:) has been criticised for its failure to mention connections to slavery in the biographical entries of notable Australians. However, the
2183:
Organisations that existed at the time of slavery have begun to examine their histories and search for any connections. For example, the
4077:
3967:
3853:
3848:
3683:
3215:
2155:
2151:
2108:
1743:
1380:
1040:
891:
687:
596:
4043:
4087:
4029:
3221:
3186:
3126:
2249:
2069:
1921:. During early 2021, the Centre announced a shift in emphasis towards researching the lives of the enslaved rather than slave-owners.
1763:
1457:
1211:
3322:
2977:
2909:
1585:
1462:
886:
655:
522:
2814:
1432:
128:
3367:
3357:
1716:
926:
911:
857:
542:
532:
527:
356:
212:
3425:
3420:
2088:
1711:
1482:
288:
3086:
2588:
2533:
1622:
3962:
3876:
3664:
3435:
1181:
1169:
749:
561:
207:
2684:
3982:
1938:
1753:
1536:
397:
3812:
3489:
3415:
3405:
3347:
3241:
2056:
The research upon which the
Legacies database is based revealed that some 46,000 people received compensation under the
1758:
1602:
1472:
1133:
901:
881:
441:
409:
3911:
3904:
3505:
2057:
1855:
1818:
1768:
1492:
1410:
537:
318:
138:
2664:
3430:
3289:
2022:
1989:
1965:
1847:
1677:
1529:
1514:
1405:
601:
271:
2900:(2018). "Chapter 4: Born free : wage-slaves and chattel-slaves". In Collins, Carolyn; Sendziuk, Paul (eds.).
2832:
3997:
3781:
3675:
3545:
3164:
3149:
3052:
3002:
1969:
1773:
1672:
1203:
1191:
781:
754:
259:
3695:
3440:
3228:
3191:
2177:
2008:.) This flow of money was, as the original title of the project indicated, to the slave owners, and not to the
2005:
1976:
1553:
1422:
975:
764:
249:
150:
1905:
information and build the database created in the second phase, aiming to identify of all slave-owners in the
429:
2343:
3869:
3826:
3801:
2759:"Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database | Emory Center for Digital Scholarship | Emory University"
2291:
2168:, was broadcast by the BBC to accompany the public launch of the project. It was presented by the historian
2092:
1738:
1477:
1427:
1355:
1128:
906:
850:
833:
264:
1026:
3717:
3247:
2118:
Some streets and statues in the United
Kingdom are named after slaveholders and beneficiaries of slavery.
1811:
1780:
1285:
938:
786:
510:
476:
471:
3942:
2184:
1647:
1502:
1415:
1400:
1082:
1070:
816:
801:
586:
361:
283:
4002:
3926:
3628:
3613:
3578:
3382:
3372:
2286:
2241:
2029:
1997:
1993:
1930:
1785:
1689:
1652:
1580:
1524:
1393:
1350:
1164:
1094:
769:
549:
451:
335:
242:
2859:
2616:
2399:"Leading Caribbean scholar appointed director of UCL centre examining the impact of British slavery"
3987:
3840:
3618:
3236:
2225:
2130:
1918:
1898:
1273:
1253:
1138:
1123:
992:
963:
953:
843:
791:
759:
556:
414:
382:
377:
330:
187:
3558:
3511:
3264:
2945:
2142:
1910:
1875:
1851:
1519:
1365:
1340:
1330:
1295:
1290:
1258:
1223:
1216:
1157:
1150:
1007:
826:
821:
811:
581:
434:
392:
387:
340:
308:
298:
235:
3583:
456:
402:
3947:
3689:
3603:
3400:
3337:
2973:
2963:
2905:
2505:
2233:
2217:
1941:, took over the directorship. Other key researchers include Keith McClelland and Rachel Lang.
1607:
1325:
1320:
1263:
1248:
1228:
1050:
1045:
980:
943:
776:
742:
571:
424:
313:
192:
3623:
3598:
3294:
2937:
2897:
2569:
2560:
Coventry, C.J. (2019). "Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South
Australia".
2213:
2159:
2126:
2033:
1906:
1797:
1375:
1370:
1360:
1335:
1300:
1268:
1238:
1111:
1099:
1077:
1055:
1002:
838:
806:
108:
2645:"Renamed and shamed: taking on Britain's slave-trade past, from Colston Hall to Penny Lane"
3733:
3633:
3495:
2969:
Island off the coast of Asia : instruments of statecraft in
Australian foreign policy
2789:"Britain's forgotten slave-owners: BBC TV broadcast | Legacies of British Slave-ownership"
2455:"Britain has a selective memory of its slavery past. Our project will help us to remember"
2229:
2197:
2189:
2013:
1706:
1597:
1592:
1345:
1315:
1310:
1033:
997:
796:
714:
419:
165:
2121:
Slavery generated immense wealth. For example, the London business district known as the
3087:"The history of British slave ownership has been buried: now its scale can be revealed"
2925:
2589:"The history of British slave ownership has been buried: now its scale can be revealed"
2534:"The history of British slave ownership has been buried: now its scale can be revealed"
2474:
2221:
2112:
2042:
1934:
1901:
were losing their unpaid labourers, they received compensation totalling £20 million.)
1790:
1684:
576:
254:
217:
175:
73:
4061:
3977:
3643:
3573:
2949:
2261:
was as of 2019 undergoing a review that aims to address this and other deficiencies.
2237:
2169:
2104:
2096:
2050:
2038:
1980:
1728:
1657:
1104:
1087:
862:
692:
682:
466:
116:
3858:
3738:
3701:
3471:
3210:
3091:
3070:
3030:
2864:
2743:
2710:
2689:
2669:
2649:
2621:
2593:
2538:
2483:
2459:
2122:
1733:
1570:
1546:
1452:
1445:
1176:
704:
677:
640:
618:
505:
222:
202:
180:
170:
160:
155:
145:
2941:
985:
2967:
2884:""Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South Australia," Before Now"
3992:
3568:
3362:
3066:"Decolonising the dictionary: reclaiming history for the forgotten - Paul Daley"
3026:"Colonial Australia's foundation is stained with the profits of British slavery"
2993:
2860:"Follow the money: investigators trace forgotten story of Britain's slave trade"
2617:"Follow the money: investigators trace forgotten story of Britain's slave trade"
2270:
2193:
2046:
2001:
1957:
1575:
1563:
916:
719:
709:
667:
481:
2883:
1961:
Greys Court House, whose owners benefitted from slave compensation from Antigua
3553:
2147:
2080:
1723:
1020:
724:
591:
2212:
The centre's work has been considered by scholars, including Catherine Hall,
3593:
3118:
2372:
2274:
968:
633:
495:
3051:
Kemp, Miles. (April 2019) "How SA Would Sound Without Our Famous Slavers,"
2479:"The racist ideas of slave owners are still with us today - Catherine Hall"
2424:
650:
2928:(2016). "Writing History, Making 'Race': Slave-Owners and Their Stories".
3638:
2998:"South Australia founder George Fife Angas and his dark links to slavery"
2788:
2009:
1891:
Structure and significance of British Caribbean slave-ownership 1763–1833
1858:. The Centre's work is freely available online to the public through the
1558:
1116:
1060:
1012:
672:
517:
372:
278:
3707:
2573:
2004:
the enslaved people within its Empire, and even then it did not tackle
1541:
623:
303:
120:
2129:
were built, profited heavily from the slave trade. Another example is
2083:
of Europe) and to consolidate their professional and political power:
2739:"Windrush is a chance to end British intolerance dating from slavery"
1243:
1065:
645:
628:
490:
325:
293:
67:
2201:
2107:
of the 1840s (the mania tipped the transportation balance away from
2173:
1975:
1964:
1956:
1948:
500:
486:
461:
3713:
Royal Free, University College and Middlesex Medical Students RFC
2833:"University of Glasgow publishes report into historical slavery"
367:
197:
3779:
3533:
3318:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership
3162:
3122:
1844:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slave-ownership
3807:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
1983:, whose owners benefitted from slave compensation from Antigua
1972:, whose owners benefitted from slave compensation from Antigua
3111:
2316:
2053:
in Gloucestershire", not far from the slave port of Bristol.
85:
3446:
Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory
2706:"Edinburgh slavery map offers glimpse into city's dark past"
2000:, it took another generation for the British government to
2012:: the liberation of the slaves was treated legally as the
1870:
The Centre was established at UCL with the support of the
1872:
Hutchins Center for African and African American Research
3864:
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2815:"It's time for Scotland to make reparations for slavery"
3462:
Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology
2087:
The man who received the most money from the state was
1840:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery
23:
Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery
1498:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3935:
3794:
3726:
3674:
3652:
3544:
3467:
Grote Professor of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic
3454:
3391:
3303:
3177:
80:
62:
54:
36:
28:
3919:University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street
2232:may owe its existence to slavery finance, through
3501:Ramsay Memorial Professor of Chemical Engineering
2902:Foundational Fictions in South Australian History
1937:. In June 2020 Matthew J. Smith, formerly of the
3884:National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
2972:. Monash University Publishing. pp. 12–16.
1953:Slaves working on a plantation in Antigua (1823)
1893:project (2013–2015), funded by the ESRC and the
1613:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
3958:European Network for Training Economic Research
3211:Faculty of the Built Environment (The Bartlett)
2685:"Edinburgh's New Town 'built on black slavery'"
2665:"Dealing with the legacy of slavery - Letters"
1850:(UCL) that focuses on revealing the impact of
3891:Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine
3411:Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
3378:Slade Centre for Electronic Media in Fine Art
3256:Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
3134:
1819:
16:Research centre at University College, London
8:
3898:Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital
3821:Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
3353:Department of Science and Technology Studies
3282:School of Slavonic and East European Studies
3203:Division of Psychology and Language Sciences
1854:and, in particular, the implications of the
1618:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
21:
3791:
3776:
3541:
3530:
3484:Prize Lecture in Life and Medical Sciences
3174:
3159:
3141:
3127:
3119:
2109:the Golden Age of the British canal system
1881:It incorporates two earlier projects: the
1826:
1812:
103:
20:
3276:Faculty of Social and Historical Sciences
2091:, the father of Victorian prime minister
3973:League of European Research Universities
3953:Association of Commonwealth Universities
3478:Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
2877:
2875:
2099:in parliament was in defence of slavery.
1623:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
1488:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
1468:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
4073:Research institutes established in 2010
3441:Institute of Security and Crime Science
3358:Department of Space and Climate Physics
2303:
2180:Public History Prize for Broadcasting.
2017:received substantial amounts of money.
1917:, as well as all of the estates in the
115:
3835:Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
2448:
2446:
2311:
2309:
2307:
3609:Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology
3272:Faculty of Population Health Sciences
2501:Slavery and the British Country House
2045:... the National Trust’s property at
1510:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
1187:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
7:
4038:
3313:Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis
2160:Emory Center for Digital Scholarship
1929:The centre's inaugural director was
1915:Encyclopedia of British Slave-Owners
1895:Arts and Humanities Research Council
1887:Economic and Social Research Council
1702:Slave marriages in the United States
1306:Human trafficking in the Middle East
3968:Institute of Advanced Legal Studies
3854:UCLH/UCL Biomedical Research Centre
3849:Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital
2904:. Wakefield Press. pp. 43–63.
2377:Legacies of British Slave-ownership
2342:Oldfield, John (17 February 2011).
2321:Legacies of British Slave-ownership
2156:Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database
1885:project (2009–2012), funded by the
1883:Legacies of British Slave-ownership
1041:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
3759:Third-oldest university in England
3754:Rivalry with King's College London
3328:Centre for the History of Medicine
2250:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1695:last survivors of American slavery
14:
3343:Department of Information Studies
3024:Daley, Paul (21 September 2018).
2813:Ross, Elliot (26 November 2018).
2425:"Matthew Smith - looking forward"
2164:A two-part television programme,
656:Field slaves in the United States
523:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
4037:
4024:
4023:
3368:London Centre for Nanotechnology
3064:Daley, Paul (16 February 2019).
2166:Britain's Forgotten Slave-owners
533:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
528:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
357:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
127:
3216:Faculty of Engineering Sciences
3085:Olusoga, David (11 July 2015).
2704:Shedden, Sam (22 August 2016).
2587:Olusoga, David (11 July 2015).
2532:Olusoga, David (11 July 2015).
2103:Money was also invested in the
1483:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1034:East, Southeast, and South Asia
4068:2010 establishments in England
3877:Hospital for Tropical Diseases
3222:School of Energy and Resources
3187:Faculty of Arts and Humanities
2643:Saner, Emine (29 April 2017).
2154:, compared the project to the
1182:Slave raiding in Easter Island
1:
4083:Slavery in the British Empire
3983:Science and Engineering South
3323:Centre for Digital Humanities
2942:10.1080/1031461X.2016.1202291
2930:Australian Historical Studies
2858:Jones, Sam (27 August 2013).
2737:Hewitt, Guy (1 August 2018).
2615:Jones, Sam (27 August 2013).
2453:Draper, Nick (15 July 2015).
2152:High Commissioner of Barbados
1939:University of the West Indies
3813:Great Ormond Street Hospital
3260:Faculty of Medical Sciences
2763:digitalscholarship.emory.edu
2062:bailout of the banks in 2008
1990:abolition of slavery in 1833
1473:Temporary Slavery Commission
1134:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
3912:University College Hospital
3905:UCH Macmillan Cancer Centre
3506:Slade Professor of Fine Art
3426:Institute of Jewish Studies
3421:Institute for Global Health
2379:. University College London
2323:. University College London
2226:Australian colonial history
2058:Slave Compensation Act 1837
1909:at the time slavery ended (
1860:Legacies of British Slavery
1856:Slave Compensation Act 1837
1493:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
538:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
42:; 14 years ago
4104:
4078:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
3436:Institute of Ophthalmology
3198:Faculty of Brain Sciences
2140:
2006:slavery in India till 1843
1848:University College, London
1846:, is a research centre of
1678:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1515:Anti-Slavery International
1280:North Africa and West Asia
4088:University College London
4019:
3998:University College School
3790:
3775:
3564:Church of Christ the King
3540:
3529:
3173:
3158:
3151:University College London
3053:The Advertiser (Adelaide)
1774:Emancipation Proclamation
1446:Opposition and resistance
1204:Sex trafficking in Europe
1192:Blackbirding in Polynesia
755:Trans-Saharan slave trade
3696:University College Opera
3416:Institute of Archaeology
3406:Eastman Dental Institute
3348:Department of Philosophy
3242:Faculty of Life Sciences
3192:Slade School of Fine Art
2178:Royal Historical Society
1554:Compensated emancipation
765:Indian Ocean slave trade
3870:Eastman Dental Hospital
3841:The Royal Free Hospital
3827:Moorfields Eye Hospital
3802:Francis Crick Institute
3333:Centre for Neuroimaging
2498:Dresser, Madge (2013).
2292:Reparations for slavery
2093:William Ewart Gladstone
2010:newly freed individuals
1478:1926 Slavery Convention
1234:Germany in World War II
851:North and South America
373:Contract of manumission
3660:List of notable people
3431:Institute of Neurology
3290:Institute of Education
2344:"British Anti-slavery"
1984:
1973:
1962:
1954:
959:British Virgin Islands
511:Circassian slave trade
477:Safavid imperial harem
472:Ottoman Imperial Harem
3943:Alan Turing Institute
3338:The Constitution Unit
2882:Coventry, CJ (2019).
2477:(26 September 2016).
2373:"LBS Centre Overview"
2185:University of Glasgow
2074:textile manufacturing
1979:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1198:Europe and North Asia
1158:Australia and Oceania
858:Pre-Columbian America
430:Slave raid of Suðuroy
362:Slavery in al-Andalus
284:Black Sea slave trade
213:21st-century jihadism
4003:University of London
3927:Whittington Hospital
3629:Tottenham Court Road
3373:London Knowledge Lab
3229:School of Management
2673:. 16 September 2018.
2504:. English Heritage.
2287:List of slave owners
2030:Slave Trade Act 1807
1994:Atlantic slave trade
1653:Indentured servitude
1581:Underground Railroad
1381:United Arab Emirates
770:Zanzibar slave trade
737:By country or region
550:Atlantic slave trade
452:Ma malakat aymanukum
336:Venetian slave trade
3988:Thomas Young Centre
3718:Students' Union UCL
3166:Academic activities
2996:(19 January 2019).
2839:. 16 September 2018
2131:New Town, Edinburgh
1919:British West Indies
1899:British West Indies
1739:Slave Route Project
870:Americas indigenous
760:Red Sea slave trade
750:Contemporary Africa
613:Topics and practice
383:Crimean slave trade
378:Bukhara slave trade
331:Genoese slave trade
208:Contemporary Africa
188:Forced prostitution
25:
3589:Halls of residence
3559:Bloomsbury Theatre
3512:Transcribe Bentham
3490:Public Archaeology
3248:School of Pharmacy
3178:Faculties, schools
2964:Fernandes, Clinton
2693:. 25 October 2018.
2574:10.17613/d8ht-p058
2143:Slavery in Britain
2125:, where the three
1985:
1974:
1963:
1955:
1876:Harvard University
1520:Blockade of Africa
827:Somali slave trade
743:Sub-Saharan Africa
435:Turkish Abductions
393:Khivan slave trade
388:Khazar slave trade
341:Balkan slave trade
299:Prague slave trade
32:Research Institute
4055:
4054:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
3948:Anna Freud Centre
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3690:The Cheese Grater
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
2898:McQueen, Humphrey
2819:www.aljazeera.com
2511:978-1-84802-064-1
2273:apologised after
2234:George Fife Angas
2224:, in relation to
2218:Clinton Fernandes
1998:abolished in 1807
1836:
1835:
1786:Freedmen's Bureau
1608:Third Servile War
1603:International law
1170:Human trafficking
932:Human trafficking
607:Thirteen colonies
425:Sack of Baltimore
193:Human trafficking
102:
101:
4095:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4032:
4027:
4026:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3843:
3829:
3815:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3624:Tavistock Square
3599:Holmbury St Mary
3542:
3531:
3383:Urban Laboratory
3284:
3267:
3250:
3231:
3224:
3205:
3195:
3175:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3112:Official website
3097:
3096:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2765:. Archived from
2755:
2749:
2748:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2714:. Archived from
2701:
2695:
2694:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2313:
2214:Humphrey McQueen
2127:West India Docks
2070:sugar processing
2034:English Heritage
1992:. (Although the
1913:), creating the
1907:British colonies
1828:
1821:
1814:
1798:Emancipation Day
1631:
1598:Slave Trade Acts
289:Byzantine Empire
131:
104:
98:
95:
93:
91:
89:
87:
58:Matthew J. Smith
50:
48:
43:
26:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4044:
4030:
4007:
3963:Golden triangle
3931:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3839:
3825:
3811:
3786:
3782:
3763:
3734:Citrus Saturday
3722:
3670:
3648:
3634:UCL Observatory
3584:Gray's Inn Road
3536:
3517:
3496:Quain Professor
3450:
3393:
3387:
3305:
3299:
3280:
3263:
3246:
3237:Faculty of Laws
3227:
3220:
3201:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2926:Hall, Catherine
2924:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2718:on 1 April 2019
2703:
2702:
2698:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2475:Hall, Catherine
2473:
2472:
2468:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2305:
2300:
2283:
2267:
2230:South Australia
2210:
2198:Baring Brothers
2190:Bank of England
2145:
2139:
2032:. For example,
1947:
1931:Nicholas Draper
1927:
1889:(ESRC) and the
1868:
1852:British slavery
1842:, formerly the
1832:
1803:
1802:
1707:Slave narrative
1663:Fugitive slaves
1643:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1593:Slave rebellion
1448:
1438:
1437:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1208:United Kingdom
1144:Yankee princess
738:
730:
729:
457:Avret Pazarları
403:Avret Pazarları
272:Medieval Europe
238:
228:
227:
166:Forced marriage
141:
84:
76:
70:
46:
44:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4035:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3744:Filming at UCL
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3665:Michael Spence
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3392:Institutes and
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:Medical School
3258:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3183:
3181:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3104:External links
3102:
3099:
3098:
3077:
3056:
3044:
3016:
3003:The Advertiser
2985:
2978:
2955:
2936:(3): 365–380.
2917:
2910:
2889:
2871:
2850:
2824:
2805:
2780:
2769:on 5 July 2019
2750:
2729:
2696:
2676:
2656:
2635:
2607:
2579:
2552:
2524:
2510:
2490:
2466:
2442:
2431:. 12 June 2020
2416:
2390:
2364:
2334:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2266:
2263:
2222:C. J. Coventry
2209:
2206:
2176:award and the
2141:Main article:
2138:
2137:United Kingdom
2135:
2113:factory system
2101:
2100:
2089:John Gladstone
2043:Dodington Park
1946:
1943:
1935:Catherine Hall
1933:and its chair
1926:
1923:
1867:
1864:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1685:List of slaves
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Dutch Republic
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
988:
978:
973:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
946:
941:
936:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
879:
878:
877:
867:
866:
865:
854:
853:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
830:
829:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
773:
772:
762:
757:
752:
746:
745:
739:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
700:
696:
695:
690:
688:Child soldiers
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
664:
663:
653:
648:
643:
638:
637:
636:
631:
626:
615:
614:
610:
609:
604:
599:
597:Spanish Empire
594:
589:
584:
579:
577:Middle Passage
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
552:
546:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
439:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
407:
406:
405:
398:Ottoman Empire
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
359:
353:
352:
346:
345:
344:
343:
333:
328:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
274:
268:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
245:
239:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
218:Sexual slavery
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
184:
183:
178:
176:Child marriage
173:
163:
158:
153:
151:Child soldiers
148:
142:
137:
136:
133:
132:
124:
123:
113:
112:
100:
99:
82:
78:
77:
74:United Kingdom
72:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4100:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4048:
4047:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Russell Group
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3684:UCL Boat Club
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3644:Woburn Square
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Main Building
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Gordon Square
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3528:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Ear Institute
3399:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:and groupings
3176:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2979:9781925523799
2975:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2911:9781743056066
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2885:
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3859:UCL Partners
3739:UCL Business
3700:
3688:
3676:Student life
3614:Queen Square
3579:Gower Street
3510:
3488:
3476:
3472:Pender Chair
3394:laboratories
3295:Neuroscience
3092:The Guardian
3090:
3080:
3071:The Guardian
3069:
3059:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:The Guardian
3029:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
3001:
2994:Goers, Peter
2988:
2968:
2958:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2901:
2892:
2865:The Guardian
2863:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2818:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2792:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2767:the original
2762:
2753:
2744:The Guardian
2742:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:the original
2711:The Scotsman
2709:
2699:
2690:The Scotsman
2688:
2679:
2670:The Guardian
2668:
2659:
2650:The Guardian
2648:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:The Guardian
2620:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:The Guardian
2592:
2582:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:The Guardian
2537:
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2500:
2493:
2484:The Guardian
2482:
2469:
2460:The Guardian
2458:
2433:. Retrieved
2428:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2402:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2376:
2367:
2359:
2352:. Retrieved
2347:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2320:
2268:
2258:
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2246:
2211:
2182:
2165:
2163:
2146:
2123:Isle of Dogs
2120:
2117:
2102:
2078:
2066:
2055:
2047:Greys’ Court
2027:
2019:
1986:
1928:
1914:
1903:
1890:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1859:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1734:Slave patrol
1571:Freedom suit
1547:Sierra Leone
1537:Colonization
1453:Abolitionism
1433:Baháʼí Faith
1406:Christianity
1356:Saudi Arabia
1212:Penal Labour
1177:Blackbirding
1083:Debt bondage
1071:penal system
897:Contemporary
887:Field slaves
875:U.S. Natives
834:South Africa
705:Galley slave
678:Slave market
668:House slaves
641:Blackbirding
619:Conscription
543:21st century
506:Umm al-walad
350:Muslim world
319:Emancipation
223:Wage slavery
203:Penal labour
181:Wife selling
171:Bride buying
156:Conscription
146:Child Labour
139:Contemporary
22:
18:
3993:UCL Academy
3619:Somers Town
3569:Euston Road
3363:EPPI-Centre
3306:departments
3304:Centres and
2383:12 December
2354:12 December
2348:BBC History
2327:12 December
2271:Ben Affleck
2081:grand tours
1970:Farley Hall
1749:court cases
1626: [
1576:Slave Power
1564:Manumission
1411:Catholicism
1286:Afghanistan
1027:Puerto Rico
939:The Bahamas
917:Slave codes
720:Shanghaiing
710:Impressment
602:Slave Coast
482:Qajar harem
442:Concubinage
415:slave trade
37:Established
4062:Categories
3783:Affiliates
3554:Bloomsbury
3535:University
2562:Before/Now
2298:References
2172:and won a
2148:Guy Hewitt
1862:database.
1764:J.Q. Adams
1754:Washington
1724:Slave name
1673:convention
1648:Common law
1021:Encomienda
817:Seychelles
802:Mauritania
725:Slave ship
592:Panyarring
587:New France
236:Historical
3667:(Provost)
3594:Here East
2950:152113669
2722:6 January
2275:WikiLeaks
2208:Australia
1996:had been
1911:1807–1833
1759:Jefferson
1416:Mormonism
1351:Palestine
1165:Australia
1095:Indonesia
986:Lei Áurea
969:Code Noir
949:Caribbean
922:Treatment
661:Treatment
634:Devshirme
496:Odalisque
314:In Russia
255:Babylonia
243:Antiquity
4031:Category
3702:Pi Media
3639:UCL East
2966:(2018).
2403:UCL News
2281:See also
2242:Victoria
2049:... and
1945:Database
1791:Iron bit
1781:40 acres
1744:breeding
1559:Freedman
1394:Religion
1254:Portugal
1139:Thailand
1129:Maldives
1124:Malaysia
1117:Kwalliso
1061:Booi Aha
1013:Restavek
993:Colombia
964:Trinidad
954:Barbados
844:Zanzibar
792:Ethiopia
673:Saqaliba
567:Database
518:Saqaliba
279:Ancillae
109:a series
107:Part of
63:Location
55:Director
4045:Commons
3795:Medical
3749:History
3708:Rare FM
3037:1 April
3009:1 April
2202:P&O
2002:manumit
1866:History
1769:Lincoln
1642:Related
1542:Liberia
1428:Judaism
1366:Tunisia
1341:Morocco
1331:Lebanon
1296:Bahrain
1291:Algeria
1259:Romania
1224:Denmark
1217:Slavery
1151:Vietnam
822:Somalia
812:Nigeria
787:Comoros
715:Pirates
624:Ghilman
557:Bristol
447:history
420:pirates
309:History
198:Peonage
121:slavery
81:Website
45: (
3653:People
3546:Campus
2976:
2948:
2908:
2843:2 July
2798:2 July
2773:2 July
2628:2 July
2600:2 July
2545:2 July
2517:2 July
2508:
2435:2 July
2409:2 July
2317:"Home"
2269:Actor
2194:Lloyds
1690:owners
1326:Kuwait
1321:Jordan
1274:Sweden
1264:Russia
1249:Poland
1244:Norway
1066:Laogai
1051:Brunei
1046:Bhutan
1008:revolt
981:Brazil
944:Canada
907:partus
892:female
777:Angola
646:Coolie
629:Mamluk
582:Nantes
562:Brazil
491:Cariye
326:Thrall
294:Kholop
260:Greece
68:London
3936:Other
3727:Other
3455:Other
2946:S2CID
2568:(1).
2350:. BBC
2174:BAFTA
1925:Staff
1717:songs
1712:films
1630:]
1586:songs
1423:Islam
1401:Bible
1376:Yemen
1371:Qatar
1361:Syria
1336:Libya
1301:Egypt
1269:Spain
1239:Malta
1112:Korea
1100:Japan
1078:India
1056:China
1003:Haiti
863:Aztec
839:Sudan
807:Niger
699:Naval
572:Dutch
501:Qiyan
487:Jarya
462:Harem
304:Serfs
250:Egypt
3039:2019
3011:2019
2974:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2845:2020
2800:2020
2775:2020
2724:2023
2630:2020
2602:2020
2547:2020
2519:2020
2506:ISBN
2437:2020
2411:2020
2385:2020
2356:2020
2329:2020
2247:The
2236:and
2220:and
2200:and
2072:and
1838:The
1668:laws
1530:U.S.
1525:U.K.
1463:U.S.
1458:U.K.
1346:Oman
1316:Iraq
1311:Iran
998:Cuba
902:maps
797:Mali
782:Chad
368:Baqt
265:Rome
161:Debt
119:and
94:/lbs
88:.ucl
47:2010
40:2010
29:Type
2938:doi
2793:UCL
2570:doi
2429:UCL
2259:ADB
2255:ADB
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1874:at
92:.uk
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