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leave. In
October, the Chicano Federation of San Diego County became involved and helped Los Toltecas en Aztlán express their concerns to the city manager, Walter Hahn. Los Toltecas en Aztlán refused to leave the Ford Building until another site was given them for the center. Eventually the city offered to give them an abandoned water tank that was originally built in 1914. Alurista was largely responsible for the final negotiations which included use of the new facility and a city contribution of $ 22,000 to the new building. The monetary contribution from the city included improvements to the building such as installing lights, heaters, water and a wood floor for the Ballet Folklorico.
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organizations and interested individuals in order to gain support. The city of San Diego, however, had begun making plans to turn the Ford
Building into an aerospace museum. According to Ochoa, the city and the "establishment" were uncomfortable with what the Toltecas were doing in Balboa Park. He says, "At one time there was 300 cars outside the Ford Building -- all Mexicans. They never saw so many Mexicans in Balboa Park before."
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222:
Mario
Acevedo Torero, Luis Espinoza, Ricardo Gonzalez and Antonio Rivas. The Ford Building by 1969 was a "major center of activities for San Diego's Chicano artists." Other artists such as Guillermo Rosette and musicians such as the Trio Moreno became involved at this time. They formally named themselves "Los Toltecas en Aztlán" in order to be able to create a more solid group identity.
206:, the Mexican American Youth Association (MAYA) was formed to recruit Chicano students to the university and make sure that they were able to complete their studies. This group, along with the Mexican American Liberation Art Front (MALAF) both recognized the need for a cultural center. In addition, MALAF also noticed that there were few places for Chicanos to exhibit their art.
218:, were all involved with MAYA, later to become M.E.C.H.A. and were very active in working towards both a cultural space as well as a space to create and show art. In 1968, the San Diego Parks and Recreation Department gave Torres permission to use the abandoned Ford Building in Balboa Park as a studio space for 6 months.
229:
Plans were begun to convert the Ford
Building into Centro Cultural de la Raza. First, Los Toltecas en Aztlán petitioned the city of San Diego to use the building to create a cultural center. The proposal for the Centro went before city council, to the current mayor, Frank Curran, and to other Chicano
221:
Torres invited other visual artists and eventually the Ballet
Foklorico en Aztlán, a folkloric dance group led by the Enrique family to use the space. Those involved included Alurista, Ochoa and Torres as well as Guillermo Aranda, Ruben de Anda, Leticia de Baca, the Aguilar sisters, Tomas Castañeda,
245:
protest and other issues became part of a new proposal, citing a great need to create Centro
Cultural de la Raza. The new proposal was brought to the city by Alurista, Torres, and Aranda. Despite this, the city attempted to evict the artists from the Ford Building. Los Toltecas en Aztlán refused to
253:
The first mural "La
Dualidad" in the new Centro building was created by Aranda and a team of volunteers and was completed in 1984. Outside of the building are murals by Mario Aguilar, Aranda, Barajas, Arturo Roman, Neto del Sol, David Avalos, Antonio de Hermosillo, Samuel Llamas, Antonio Perez and
225:
Los
Toltecas en Aztlán wrote this as their founding principle: "The Tolecas en Aztlán shall be constituted of all those Chicano Artists dedicated to Human Truth and Chicano Beauty, which in our belief can only be lived up to through Mutual Self-Respect, Self-Determination in our endeavors, and the
172:
The Centro's circular building has offices, workrooms, studios, and a theater. The performance space seats 150 people and has a 2,000 square foot art gallery. The Centro is one of the first community-based
Chicano cultural centers and one of the largest in the Southwest. It is identifiable by a
161:," a term used by Chicanos to indicate a return to a spiritual homeland and indigenous traditions and knowledge systems. Programs include Danza Azteca, Teatro Chicano, film screenings, exhibits, musical performances, installation art, readings, receptions and other events. The Centro's resident
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and El Vez. Groups that formed through the work of the Centro include: Ballet Folklórico en Aztlán, founded by
Herminia Enrique; Treatro Meztizo and Trio Moreno, a musical group, BAWTAF (The Border Arts Workshop/Taller de Arte Fronterizo). In addition countless artists, musicians, performers,
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A seven-year boycott (2000–2007) of the center was carried out by many artists, supporters, community members and even one of the founders, Ochoa. The dispute left the Centro in a "tenuous state." Disagreements with changes made by new administrators of the Centro caused the rift.
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Los Toltecas en Aztlán moved into the new building in May 1971 and worked hard to get the building ready for a grand inauguration on July 11, 1971. The grand opening ceremonies attracted over 500 people and included music, dance and an art exhibition inside the building.
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Self-Sacrifice of our individual differences for the sake of a Centro Cultural de la Raza where our indigenous ancestral spirit of brotherhood, justice and peace can flourish in contemporary Chicano Art Forms." Los Toltecas en Aztlán had forty members by 1970.
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forms, music, theater, spoken word, drumming and more. In addition, numerous public presentations including exhibitions, concerts, installations, theater, dance, spoken word and multimedia events take place at the Centro.
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had given rise to grass-roots community movements in San Diego. Those involved with social protest saw that there would also be a need for a community center that was run by Chicanos and for Chicanos. At the
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As a cultural center, the Centro not only promotes creative expression in art and formal art classes, but also includes in its busy schedule a variety of workshops in danza folklórica as well as other
237:, citizens were occupying the former neighborhood and demanding the city turn the space into a park. Torres and other members of Los Toltecas en Aztlán were involved in this protest, calling the area
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294:, David Avalos, Dora Areola, Chicano Secret Service, Richard A. Lou, Robert J. Sanchez, and Isaac Artenstein - all of whom have achieved prominence in the arts and culture community.
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At the same time that Los Toltecas en Aztlán were petitioning the city to create a cultural center, in another part of San Diego where there had once been a vibrant Hispanic
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150:. The cultural center supports and encourages the creative expression “of the indigenous cultures of the Americas.” It is currently a member of the
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169:, also operates a dance academy at the Center. In addition, the Centro is available as a meeting place for community groups and organizations.
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563:(1990). "How, Why, Where and When it All Happened: Chicano Murals of California". In Cockcroft, Eva Sperling; Barnet-Sanchez, Holly (eds.).
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The Centro provides classes and presentations on drama, music, dance, and arts and crafts, many of which have origins in Mexico and "
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The Centro currently operates on a budget of $ 30,000 a year with no employees and only volunteers working for the organization.
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Brookman, Philip (1986). "El Centro Cultural de la Raza: Fifteen Years". In Brookman, Philip; Gómez-Peña, Guillermo (eds.).
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126:) is a non-profit organization with the specific mission to create, preserve, promote and educate about
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could be found conversing with community members as well as artists such as Magu, Luis Valdez,
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Tommy Ramirez, Aida Soria, Monica Bernal, Roberto D. Hernández, Evan Apodaca, Erick De la Rosa
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The Centro was known internationally as a dynamic cultural center where academics such as
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Candelaria, Cordelia C.; Aldama, Arturo J.; Garcia, Peter J., eds. (30 October 2004).
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writers, dancers and activists were nurtured at the Centro, including Culture Clash,
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567:. Venice, California: Social and Public Art Resource Center. pp. 52–53.
526:"How Did Chicano Park and El Centro Cultural de la Raza Come Into Existence?"
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The origins of the Centro go back to the mid 1960s. Social protests, such as
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The Centro Cultural de la Raza Archives from 1970-1999 are housed at the
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127:
2008:
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410:. San Diego, California: Centro Cultural de la Raza. pp. 12–53.
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1226:
810:
806:
789:
447:. Social Networks and Archival Context Project. Archived from
103:
746:. San Diego State University. 7 November 2011. Archived from
660:"The Battle of Chicano Park: A Brief History of the Takeover"
532:. San Diego State University. 7 November 2011. Archived from
740:"What Was the Controversy Surrounding the Centro Cultural?"
1180:
California Pacific International Exposition half dollar
591:
Creating the Future: Art and Los Angeles in the 1970s
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1005:California Pacific International Exposition (1935)
2147:Hispanic and Latino American culture in San Diego
929:House of Pacific Relations International Cottages
2073:List of Mexican-American political organizations
476:Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Volume 1
282:, Guillermo Gomez Peña, Lalo Lopez Alcaraz, the
715:"Curators Resign at Centro Cultural de la Raza"
565:Signs from the Heart: California Chicano Murals
629:"Victor Ochoa - Mural Maestro of Chicano Park"
1238:
822:
8:
19:
2091:Category:American people of Mexican descent
1191:Fatty and Mabel at the San Diego Exposition
802:Centro Cultural de la Raza Archives CEMA 12
177:painted near the building's main entrance.
1245:
1231:
1223:
829:
815:
807:
794:
189:demonstrations and work of activists like
108:
25:
18:
2142:Dance organizations in the United States
2043:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority
1427:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
1169:Barnes-Wallace v. Boy Scouts of America
744:San Diego Mexican & Chicano History
530:San Diego Mexican & Chicano History
345:
324:University of California, Santa Barbara
2167:Arts organizations established in 1970
2157:Native American history of California
2152:Mexican-American culture in San Diego
2058:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans
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2068:List of Mexican-American communities
1493:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
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1870:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1814:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
1091:Veterans Museum and Memorial Center
1000:Panama-California Exposition (1915)
334:1971-1975 Guillermo "Yermo" Aranda
58:2004 Park Blvd. San Diego, CA 92101
713:Chute, James (11 September 2014).
689:"Centro Cultural on the Precipice"
687:Chute, James (20 September 2014).
588:Fallon, Michael (18 August 2014).
273:, Jose Montoya, Barbara Carrasco,
142:art and culture. It is located in
14:
2112:1970 establishments in California
2162:Tourist attractions in San Diego
1662:Mexican-American women's fashion
1076:San Diego Natural History Museum
1041:San Diego Air & Space Museum
772:
627:Gormlie, Frank (26 April 2013).
2137:Community centers in California
1807:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
1066:San Diego Model Railroad Museum
664:Chicano Park Steering Committee
501:"Special Event Rental Requests"
1202:Naval Medical Center San Diego
1081:Reuben H. Fleet Science Center
1:
1472:Occupation of Catalina Island
1447:Farm workers' rights campaign
124:Cultural Center of the People
152:American Alliance of Museums
1056:San Diego Hall of Champions
1051:San Diego Automotive Museum
1031:Museum of Photographic Arts
1026:Mingei International Museum
944:Morley Field Sports Complex
261:, Tomas Ybarra Frausto and
167:Ballet Folklorico en Aztlan
2188:
2122:Arts centers in California
1185:California State Route 163
1021:Centro Cultural de la Raza
969:Spanish Village Art Center
934:Japanese Friendship Garden
505:Centro Cultural de la Raza
479:. Greenwood. p. 209.
445:Centro Cultural de la Raza
204:San Diego State University
120:Centro Cultural de la Raza
20:Centro Cultural de la Raza
2081:
1657:Mexican-American folklore
1437:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
1212:Zoro Garden Nudist Colony
1122:William Templeton Johnson
24:
1652:Mexican-American cuisine
1061:San Diego History Center
869:Ballet Folklorico Aztlan
2127:Balboa Park (San Diego)
1842:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
1738:Coyolxauhqui imperative
1071:San Diego Museum of Art
1046:San Diego Art Institute
914:George W. Marston House
337:1988-1990 Victor Ochoa
326:(Collection: CEMA 12).
216:Salvador Roberto Torres
87:Board of directors
16:Non-profit organization
1821:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
1587:Anti-Mexican sentiment
1549:Killing of Adam Toledo
1532:Great American Boycott
1402:Centro de Arte Público
441:"Biographical History"
210:, a poet, and artists
69:32.727728, -117.148627
1856:Mendez v. Westminster
1793:Botiller v. Dominguez
1773:Youth control complex
1642:Estrada Courts murals
1503:2019 El Paso shooting
1481:Post-Chicano Movement
1442:Plan de Santa Bárbara
1397:Católicos por La Raza
1207:San Diego High School
884:California Quadrangle
148:San Diego, California
79:San Diego, California
1849:Leal Garcia v. Texas
1544:Justice for Janitors
1462:Los Siete de la Raza
1457:Colegio César Chávez
1349:Mexican Repatriation
1317:Pre-Chicano Movement
1086:Timken Museum of Art
939:Moreton Bay Fig Tree
924:House of Hospitality
874:Bea Evenson Fountain
633:San Diego Free Press
2172:Dance in California
1672:New Mexican cuisine
1498:1992 Drywall Strike
1467:Los Seis de Boulder
1452:Land grant struggle
1369:Sleepy Lagoon trial
1197:Municipal Gymnasium
959:San Diego Velodrome
859:Balboa Park Gardens
199:United Farm Workers
21:
2117:Artist-run centres
1880:By city and region
1800:Hernandez v. Texas
1763:Spiritual activism
1607:Chicano literature
1422:Chicano Moratorium
1329:Bisbee Deportation
879:Botanical Building
750:on 14 January 2012
561:Goldman, Shifra M.
313:interpretive dance
2099:
2098:
2048:Mexican Americans
1996:Dallas–Fort Worth
1863:Bernal v. Fainter
1835:Medellín v. Texas
1364:Porvenir Massacre
1359:Plan de San Diego
1354:Operation Wetback
1220:
1219:
949:Old Globe Theatre
780:California portal
658:Anguiano, Marco.
197:leading with the
163:Ballet Folklorico
116:
115:
2179:
2086:Category:Chicano
2016:Salt Lake Valley
1726:Chicana/o Theory
1697:Teatro Campesino
1687:Regional Mexican
1677:New Mexico music
1667:Mexican muralism
1554:Murder of Selena
1417:Chicano Blowouts
1412:Chicana feminism
1384:Chicano Movement
1278:Mexican American
1258:Mexican American
1247:
1240:
1233:
1224:
1152:Carleton Winslow
904:El Prado Complex
840:
831:
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817:
808:
798:
793:
792:
790:Official website
782:
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635:. Archived from
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594:. Counterpoint.
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541:
536:on 17 March 2015
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422:
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288:Yareli Arizmendi
275:Gabino Palomares
212:Guillermo Aranda
187:anti-Vietnam war
112:
107:
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104:Official website
88:
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22:
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1875:
1777:
1721:
1707:Tex-Mex cuisine
1575:
1565:Proposition 187
1514:Arizona SB 1070
1476:
1378:
1374:Zoot Suit Riots
1334:Bracero program
1324:1917 Bath riots
1312:
1261:
1251:
1221:
1216:
1175:Cabrillo Bridge
1156:
1142:Salvador Torres
1107:Bertram Goodhue
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988:
954:Plaza de Panama
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639:on 2 April 2015
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451:on 2 April 2015
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284:Taco Shop Poets
269:, Sergio Arau,
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136:Native American
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1963:Nuevomexicanos
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1147:A.R. Valentien
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1112:George Marston
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