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city, and a frustrated
Climaco posted a scoreboard in front of city hall listing a running tally of unsolved violent crimes in the city. Climaco did not hesitate in denouncing the military and the police in the city, and had the police chief transferred out of the city. Upon the outbreak of violent incidents in the city, Climaco would rush to the scene on board his motorcycle and quell the disruption. Despite the threats of violence, Climaco never carried a gun or surrounded himself with bodyguards.
474:, which was planned to provide space for a camp site, housing projects, and a shantytown to house the city's homeless population. During this period, Zamboanga City earned the appellation as the cleanest city in the Philippines. One measure he enacted to earn such a reputation for his city was a directive requiring all horses in horse-drawn carriages to be tied with diapers beneath their tails as they plied their routes.
607:
To date, nobody has been convicted for
Climaco's assassination. Police and military officials pinned the blame on a Muslim group led by Rizal Alih, but attempts to apprehend him were unsuccessful. Climaco's widow publicly expressed that it was the military who was behind the murder. A relative from
554:
In 1980, Climaco staged his political comeback when he won re-election as
Zamboanga City mayor under the banner of a political party he had organized, the Concerned Citizen's Aggrupation. By that time, crime and violence, often at the hands of policemen and the military, had become prevalent in the
558:
Climaco maintained a highly critical view towards the Marcos government. He was critical of the highly centralized structure of government under which it was necessary to obtain the blessing of the Office of the
President before funds could be disbursed. When President Marcos lifted martial law in
466:
Climaco became a national figure during his first stint as
Zamboanga City mayor. He became known for his personal courage, as shown by his willingness to venture alone out to hotspots and personally confront neighborhood toughs with threats of imprisonment. He maintained a similarly tough stance
596:
and jokingly said, "reserve one of those for me". Climaco then mounted his motorcycle to return to his office. A man approached from behind the mayor and shot him in the nape at point-blank range. The assassin escaped, while
Climaco was pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital.
481:, who had earned a similar reputation for toughness and good governance. Climaco soon earned the nickname "Arsenio Lacson of the South", to which Lacson remarked that at the rate Climaco was going, the Manila mayor would soon be known as the "Climaco of the North".
591:
On the morning of
November 14, 1984, Climaco rushed to the scene of a fire that had broken out in a nightclub in downtown Zamboanga City. He supervised operations to put out the fire, then prepared to leave. He sighted a display of caskets at the nearby La Merced
1207:
655:'s greatest allies in the fight for democracy. In the film, Climaco goes to Ninoy's residence in the US and convinces him to come home to challenge Marcos for an election. Footage of his funeral is also shown during the film's closing sequence.
523:, Climaco tried for a third time to win election as a senator, but fell around 4,000 votes shy. In the same election, his political ally, President Macapagal, was defeated for re-election by a law school contemporary and friend of Climaco's,
410:
Climaco first entered political life when he ran and won a seat in the
Zamboanga City council in 1951. Within two years, at the age of 37, he would be appointed as mayor of Zamboanga City, holding the post until the following year.
363:, he was famed for his toughness in governance and colorful personality. He was also famous for his refusal to cut his hair until democratic rule was restored in the Philippines. He was assassinated by an unknown gunman in 1984.
467:
towards the city's policemen, once disarming cops he caught asleep at their posts during a surprise inspection. Climaco also maintained a harmonious relationship with the city's Muslim population, and cracked down on gambling.
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608:
the Air Force was the only military person allowed into the wake. Climaco himself was said to have remarked before his death that if he were ever assassinated, the military would blame Alih for the murder.
559:
1981, Climaco retorted, "Marcos did not lift martial rule. He only tilted it." Climaco was outspoken regarding his anti-Marcos sentiment especially having influence within
Zamboanga City. When
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371:
Climaco was born in
Zamboanga City, the son of a customs broker who later became a municipal councilor. He finished his primary and secondary education in his hometown, then moved to
1242:
583:. Climaco however declined to assume his seat until he had completed his six-year term as mayor, a stance that was seen as an act of defiance against the Marcos government.
1197:
542:
He vowed never to cut his hair until democratic rule was restored in the country. He returned to the Philippines in 1976, and two years later, sought election to the
394:. Coincidentally, his older brother Rafael, also a law student at UP, became an associate justice of the Court of Appeals under President Marcos. Climaco earned his
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512:, vaunted for their idealism and honesty, to work in a Bureau of Customs which had long been reputedly corrupt. He again ran and lost for a Senate seat in
447:. It was sung during his funeral in 1984. Coincidentally, "O my Darling Clementine" was the love song of Cesar Climaco to his wife, Julia Floreta-Climaco.
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in Zamboanga City was estimated as ranging from fifteen thousand people to up to two hundred thousand people. He was buried at Abong-Abong Park.
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Climaco's son, Julio Cesar, was appointed OIC mayor of Zamboanga City in 1986, and served in that post until the following year. His niece,
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563:, a close personal friend of Climaco's, was assassinated in 1983, Climaco renamed one of the city's main squares as "Aquino Plaza".
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President Marcos declared martial law in 1972. Distressed at the development, Climaco left for exile to the
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together with his future wife, Julia, to pursue a college education. He enrolled in a pre-law course at the
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60:
66:
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in which he ran against former mayor and incumbent Representative Joaquin Enriquez, Jr. and future mayor
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422:. As the project manager and field coordinator based in Vietnam, Climaco earned the friendship of
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69:, showing names from the first batch of Bantayog Honorees, including that of Mayor Cesar Climaco.
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827:"The 1958 Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding – Operation Brotherhood"
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in 1941, and was admitted to the Philippine bar later that year after having passed the
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as Commissioner of Customs. As Customs Commissioner, he brought in cadets from the
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and worked as a family driver to finance his studies. He then studied law at the
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26:
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Marker installed by the National Historical Institute in 2009 in Zamboanga City
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Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Zamboanga City
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323:
651:, the film was rated PG7 in an effort to show the youth the fights of one of
444:
414:
In 1954, Climaco joined the Operation Brotherhood, a group sponsored by the
516:. Climaco then was appointed as a Presidential Assistant under Macapagal.
575:, Climaco successfully sought election as a Member of Parliament in the
355:
for 11 years over three nonconsecutive terms. A prominent critic of the
601:
419:
415:
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30:
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to help provide for medical and relief needs to refugees in war-torn
372:
493:, Climaco gave up his post as mayor for an unsuccessful run for the
501:, in which he finished 12th. After his defeat, he was appointed by
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615:
470:
As mayor, Climaco ordered the construction of Abong-Abong park in
1058:"Special Edition: The 1984 Assassination of Mayor Cesar Climaco"
800:. Zamboanga City government. January 8, 2008. Archived from
546:
as a member from Zamboanga. He was defeated in this effort.
1213:
Commissioners of the Bureau of Customs of the Philippines
443:" was used in "Ay si Cesar, Ay si Cesar Climaco" sung in
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Climaco first won election as Zamboanga City mayor in
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During his campaign for the mayorship, the melody of "
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1248:Mindanawons honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1233:Individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani
477:He struck a friendship with the mayor of Manila,
462:Mayor of Zamboanga City (1956–1959 and 1959–1961)
37: and the surname or paternal family name is
987:"A Mayor in Southern Philippines Taunts Marcos"
347:(February 28, 1916 – November 14, 1984) was a
628:aka Beng Climaco, was elected in 2007 to the
8:
639:In 1994, ten years after his assassination,
333:University of the Philippines College of Law
124:January 1, 1956 – December 30, 1961
1243:Asian politicians assassinated in the 1980s
1123:: Anvil Publishing Inc. pp. 191–207.
458:, and served in such capacity until 1961.
246:June 30, 1984 – November 14, 1984
155:December 30, 1953 – March 1, 1954
93:March 5, 1980 – November 14, 1984
59:
43:
65:Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the
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643:starred in a film biography of Climaco,
1198:Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
1051:
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1047:
944:
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909:
907:
831:Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation Online
798:"List of Past Mayors of Zamboanga City"
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636:and served as mayor from 2013 to 2022.
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736:: Anvil Publishing Inc. p. 200.
7:
1178:University of the Philippines alumni
1168:Deaths by firearm in the Philippines
430:and found his activities covered by
985:Hollie, Pamela G. (June 20, 1982).
923:. November 26, 1984. Archived from
1223:Macapagal administration personnel
1193:People murdered in the Philippines
691:"Remembering the 'Cesar' of Zambo"
600:The crowd that attended Climaco's
351:politician who served as mayor of
14:
1163:Assassinated Filipino politicians
485:Macapagal administration official
230:Mambabatas Pambansa (Assemblyman)
1253:Politicians assassinated in 1984
1228:Members of the Batasang Pambansa
1183:University of Santo Tomas alumni
386:, working at the same time as a
310:Concerned Citizens' Aggrupation
16:Filipino politician (1916–1984)
634:1st District of Zamboanga City
626:Maria Isabelle Climaco Salazar
1:
1218:20th-century Filipino lawyers
1013:Tan, AB (November 15, 1984).
567:Bid for the Batasang Pambansa
381:University of the Philippines
1188:Filipino democracy activists
699:. By the Way. Archived from
1015:"Philippine Mayor Is Slain"
550:Return as mayor (1980–1984)
510:Philippine Military Academy
1269:
1238:Marcos martial law victims
1173:People from Zamboanga City
915:"Murder in Broad Daylight"
20:
544:Interim Batasang Pambansa
377:University of Santo Tomas
338:
329:University of Santo Tomas
250:
239:
224:Norberto B. Romualdez Jr.
187:
148:
117:
86:
74:
58:
1203:Mayors of Zamboanga City
630:House of Representatives
454:, as a candidate of the
441:O My Darling, Clementine
103:Jose Vicente Atilano II
81:Mayor of Zamboanga City
621:
67:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1083:"Mayor Cesar Climaco"
619:
1158:1984 murders in Asia
1117:The Gallant Filipino
1062:L.A. Zamboanga Times
966:Guingona, p. 191–192
730:The Gallant Filipino
689:(October 31, 2006).
581:Maria Clara Lobregat
345:Cesar Cortez Climaco
180:Commissioner of the
53:Cesar Cortez Climaco
1056:Shinn III, John L.
1019:The Washington Post
696:The Philippine Star
645:Mayor Cesar Climaco
632:, representing the
1113:Guingona, Teofisto
992:The New York Times
927:on August 10, 2009
807:on August 10, 2009
726:Guingona, Teofisto
622:
561:Benigno Aquino Jr.
506:Diosdado Macapagal
357:martial law regime
277:Philippine Islands
214:Rolando G. Geotina
203:Diosdado Macapagal
703:on March 30, 2007
577:Batasang Pambansa
534:Martial law years
342:
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286:November 14, 1984
270:February 28, 1916
182:Bureau of Customs
29:or maternal
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837:on March 7, 2008
833:. Archived from
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528:Ferdinand Marcos
525:Senate President
424:South Vietnamese
406:Political career
400:bar examinations
392:Court of Appeals
361:Ferdinand Marcos
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255:Personal details
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175:Hector C. Suarez
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165:Manuel D. Jaldon
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134:Hector C. Suarez
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23:Philippine name
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290:(aged 68)
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594:funeral homes
587:Assassination
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540:United States
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499:Liberal Party
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456:Liberal Party
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428:Ngo Dinh Diem
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318:Julia Floreta
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49:The Honorable
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40:
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32:
28:
24:
19:
1116:
1092:. Retrieved
1086:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1022:. Retrieved
1018:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
990:
980:
971:
962:
953:
929:. Retrieved
925:the original
918:
897:
888:
851:
839:. Retrieved
835:the original
830:
821:
809:. Retrieved
802:the original
752:
729:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
694:
687:Soliven, Max
653:Ninoy Aquino
644:
641:Eddie Garcia
638:
623:
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344:
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288:(1984-11-14)
241:
220:Succeeded by
189:
171:Succeeded by
150:
144:Tomas Ferrer
140:Succeeded by
119:
109:Succeeded by
88:
38:
34:
18:
1153:1984 deaths
1148:1916 births
1094:October 30,
1067:January 26,
1024:October 30,
998:January 25,
931:January 26,
841:January 25,
811:January 25,
707:January 25,
649:Seiko Films
367:Early years
297:Philippines
210:Preceded by
161:Preceded by
130:Preceded by
99:Preceded by
31:family name
27:middle name
1142:Categories
1106:References
497:under the
436:magazine.
426:President
396:law degree
324:Alma mater
266:1916-02-28
503:President
472:Pasonanca
445:Chavacano
273:Zamboanga
242:In office
199:President
194:1962–1962
190:In office
151:In office
120:In office
89:In office
79:10th
1115:(1993).
728:(1993).
349:Filipino
21:In this
602:funeral
420:Vietnam
416:Jaycees
390:at the
388:janitor
307:Liberal
39:Climaco
1127:
740:
612:Legacy
495:Senate
373:Manila
315:Spouse
35:Cortez
25:, the
1121:Pasig
805:(PDF)
734:Pasig
659:Notes
232:from
1125:ISBN
1096:2022
1069:2008
1026:2022
1000:2008
933:2008
920:Time
843:2008
813:2008
738:ISBN
709:2008
573:1984
521:1965
514:1963
491:1961
452:1956
433:Life
283:Died
260:Born
571:In
519:In
489:In
359:of
33:is
1144::
1119:.
1085:.
1060:.
1046:^
1034:^
1017:.
989:.
941:^
917:.
906:^
874:^
860:^
829:.
781:^
761:^
732:.
717:^
693:.
666:^
530:.
402:.
295:,
275:,
1133:.
1098:.
1071:.
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1002:.
935:.
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41:.
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