33:
322:
1199:
46:
308:
Each flowering shoots reach 20–70 cm height. The shoots grow from a creeping rhizome. The stem is smooth at the base and densely covered with short glandular hairs higher up. The shoots have between 2 and 8 lanceolate leaves which range in size from 5 to 14 cm long and from 1 to 3 cm
309:
wide. Each shoot may carry up to 20 flowers, which may be pink to red or rarely white. They are up to 5 cm wide. The petals are curved and lanceolate. Flowers are produced from May to July. It is known to sometimes go many years without flowering. Chromosomes 2n=36
389:. grows to an altitude of 2,600 m (8,500 ft), especially on calcareous soils with a pH between 5.9–8.2. Flower colour is an indicator of the soil qualities, with darker blooms on more calcareous ground.
870:
594:"Helleborine" may refer to deer using the orchid for food (many conservationists have noted that helleborine orchids are grazed by deer ). Alternatively it may denote that the plants are similar to
985:
893:
473:
woodland), and persisted at some of these into the 1970s. It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the
Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.
1424:
871:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Changing Partners in the Dark: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence of Ectomycorrhizal Liaisons between Forest Orchids and Trees
859:
978:
738:
1612:
1359:
653:
1372:
971:
948:
953:
881:
1346:
1707:
829:
779:
758:
Kitchen, Clare, Mark A. R. Kitchen and Ian Carle (2008) Stephen Bishop's New Flora of
Gloucestershire Part 2: the distribution maps
701:
943:
1625:
1398:
897:
1702:
1161:
1475:
400:
1411:
716:
45:
32:
799:
613:
are referred to as Waldvöglein, meaning little birds of the wood, a reference to the winged appearance of the flowers.
1294:
841:
644:
587:
for red, referring to the colour of the flowers. The Latin binomial was chosen by a French botanist named
Professor
1697:
1638:
1509:
1429:
588:
180:
1198:
1108:
1156:
1643:
1514:
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496:
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511:
1299:
735:
1377:
1151:
1118:
1096:
1091:
1046:
1041:
159:
1501:
575:κεφαλή ανθηρός, meaning "head flowering", thought to be a reference to the protruding position of the
321:
1320:
1188:
1178:
1006:
314:
1173:
1123:
1066:
1051:
602:). "Hellebore" comes from the Greek "álkē" and "bora", translating as "fawn" and "food of beasts".
488:, although often self-pollination is triggered by rainfall. Pollination may also be carried out by
1664:
1548:
1141:
1076:
1071:
994:
807:
746:
427:
189:
40:
958:
680:
1599:
1450:
1307:
1086:
825:
775:
697:
537:
505:
466:
423:
1455:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1437:
1183:
1136:
803:
742:
606:
462:
435:
408:
83:
842:"Caithness CWS - Caithness Field Club - Annual Bulletins - 1975 - October - Conservation"
441:
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the species was recorded from single sites in
1483:
1128:
1113:
1036:
632:
542:
470:
413:
126:
70:
1488:
1686:
1021:
599:
572:
567:
393:
347:
343:
297:
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176:
136:
96:
1669:
1604:
1553:
1312:
1081:
285:
1591:
1263:
1580:
1527:
1465:
917:
558:. This enables it to access soil nutrients which would otherwise be unavailable.
1416:
1385:
1246:
963:
548:
458:
404:
106:
928:
595:
554:
515:, a wildflower found on mountains in continental Europe. It is theorised that
490:
1351:
1237:
1333:
792:
454:
431:
417:
1656:
1540:
1651:
1574:
1535:
1286:
1231:
527:
442:
1442:
1617:
1364:
860:
Beobachtung von Miarus campanulae als Bestäuber von
Cephalanthera rubra
576:
485:
386:
363:
359:
355:
1390:
1271:
501:
446:
351:
335:
281:
277:
116:
1208:
1630:
1522:
1496:
1403:
1338:
657:
584:
378:
339:
320:
57:
1325:
450:
382:
371:
367:
289:
1212:
967:
717:
Altervista Flora
Italiana, Cefalantera rossa, Red Helleborine,
292:. Although reasonably common in parts of its range, this
509:, both of which are thought to mistake the flowers for
762:
694:
Orchids of
Britain and Ireland: a Field and Site Guide
342:
and as far as 60 degrees north. It is however rare in
822:
1564:
1221:
855:
853:
851:
736:Species distribution map for Cephalanthera rubra
526:As the flowers are frequently visited by flies,
334:The red helleborine is found throughout most of
949:Species page from the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew
461:). The species was also recorded at additional
377:Found in light, dry forest, particularly among
633:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
979:
296:has always been one of the rarest orchids in
8:
523:to increase pollination early in the year.
396:. It is found only at the following sites:
1209:
986:
972:
964:
31:
20:
654:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
540:relationship with species in the genera
392:Red helleborine is a very rare plant in
622:
628:
626:
484:is thought to be mainly pollinated by
954:Images of Red Helleborine from ARKive
731:
729:
727:
7:
1502:9F79AB25-52AD-F251-E51C-A971943697AE
530:have been observed hunting in them.
944:Species page from Britain's Orchids
773:A colour guide to rare wild flowers
420:, where it was first found in 1986.
894:"Wildflower Society Online Report"
696:. A&C Black. pp. 134–40.
681:First Nature - Cephalanthera rubra
598:(a group of species in the family
14:
426:, a woodland just to the east of
366:and in various parts of southern
1644:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:657708-1
1515:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:622405-1
1197:
1179:Broad-leaved marsh orchid (2020)
44:
1092:Broad-leaved helleborine (2006)
882:Plantlife - Epipactis youngiana
692:Harrap, Anne and Simon (2005).
465:sites (including Stanley Wood,
1184:Creeping lady's-tresses (2021)
1124:Lesser butterfly orchid (2011)
791:Rose, F. and A. Brewis (1988)
760:The Gloucestershire Naturalist
1:
325:Close up image of the flower.
1152:Summer lady's-tresses (2016)
1119:Lady's-slipper orchid (2010)
1109:Southern marsh orchid (2008)
1067:Autumn lady's-tresses (2001)
1042:Lady's-slipper orchid (1996)
749:, retrieved 25 February 2010
1189:Dark red helleborine (2022)
1174:Three-toothed orchid (2019)
1007:Western marsh orchid (1989)
1724:
1114:Early purple orchid (2009)
1017:Green-winged orchid (1991)
589:Louis Claude Marie Richard
1195:
1147:Early marsh orchid (2015)
1072:Bird's-nest orchid (2002)
1002:
195:
188:
165:
158:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1708:Plants described in 1767
1157:White helleborine (2017)
1052:Marsh helleborine (1998)
820:Ratcliffe, D. A. (1977)
330:Distribution and habitat
318:(dark red helleborine).
312:Not to be confused with
1022:Common twayblade (1992)
1012:Pyramidal orchid (1990)
782:Constable books, London
497:Chelostoma campanularum
1062:Red helleborine (2000)
1027:Military orchid (1993)
802:July 26, 2011, at the
579:. The species epithet
512:Campanula persicifolia
326:
1703:Flora of North Africa
324:
1163:Dactylorhiza majalis
1057:Lizard orchid (1999)
771:Fisher, John (1991)
354:. It also occurs in
315:Epipactis atrorubens
255:Cephalanthera comosa
1466:Cephalanthera_rubra
1277:cephalanthera-rubra
1253:Cephalanthera rubra
1223:Cephalanthera rubra
1142:Ghost orchid (2014)
1087:Burnt orchid (2005)
795:Cephalanthera rubra
719:Cephalanthera rubra
482:Cephalanthera rubra
457:site (in the upper
269:Cephalanthera rubra
169:Cephalanthera rubra
25:Cephalanthera rubra
1137:Lady orchid (2013)
1082:Frog orchid (2004)
995:Orchid of the Year
741:2016-11-04 at the
428:Princes Risborough
327:
258:Tineo in G.Gussone
247:Epipactis purpurea
1698:Orchids of Europe
1680:
1679:
1451:Open Tree of Life
1215:Taxon identifiers
1206:
1205:
1077:Fly orchid (2003)
1047:Bug orchid (1997)
1037:Bee orchid (1995)
1032:Fen orchid (1994)
506:Miarus campanulae
424:Windsor Hill SSSI
265:
264:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
223:Helleborine rubra
219:
211:
203:
16:Species of orchid
1715:
1673:
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1417:NHMSYS0000457046
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1242:
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1201:
1098:Nigritella nigra
988:
981:
974:
965:
959:Distribution map
931:
926:
920:
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
896:. Archived from
890:
884:
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868:
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733:
722:
714:
708:
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689:
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678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
662:
656:. Archived from
651:
641:
635:
630:
257:
249:
241:
239:Limodorum rubrum
233:
231:Dorycheile rubra
225:
217:
215:Cymbidium rubrum
210:(L.) F.W.Schmidt
209:
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171:
49:
48:
35:
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1449:
1441:
1438:Observation.org
1436:
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1423:
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1371:
1363:
1358:
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1270:
1262:
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1245:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1217:
1207:
1202:
1193:
998:
992:
940:
935:
934:
927:
923:
918:Finnish Orchids
916:
912:
903:
901:
892:
891:
887:
880:
876:
869:
865:
858:
849:
840:
839:
835:
819:
815:
804:Wayback Machine
790:
786:
770:
766:
757:
753:
743:Wayback Machine
734:
725:
715:
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704:
691:
690:
686:
679:
675:
666:
664:
660:
649:
643:
642:
638:
631:
624:
619:
583:comes from the
571:comes from the
564:
521:C. persicifolia
479:
463:Gloucestershire
453:, and a second
436:Buckinghamshire
409:Gloucestershire
370:as far east as
332:
306:
274:red helleborine
207:Epipactis rubra
184:
173:
167:
154:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1705:
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1684:
1678:
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1675:
1674:
1670:wfo-0000309521
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1586:
1570:
1568:
1566:Serapias rubra
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1554:wfo-0000829375
1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1493:
1480:
1470:
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1447:
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1421:
1408:
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1191:
1186:
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1159:
1154:
1149:
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1139:
1134:
1130:Orchis pallens
1126:
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938:External links
936:
933:
932:
929:Dictionary.com
921:
910:
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863:
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833:
813:
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764:
751:
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709:
702:
684:
673:
646:BSBI List 2007
636:
621:
620:
618:
615:
563:
560:
543:Leptodontidium
478:
475:
471:Woodland Trust
467:King's Stanley
439:
438:
421:
414:Hawkley Warren
411:
401:Workman's Wood
338:, east to the
331:
328:
305:
302:
288:and southwest
263:
262:
261:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
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199:Serapias rubra
193:
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186:
185:
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134:
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127:Epidendroideae
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87:
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81:
74:
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68:
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37:
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28:
27:
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13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
1720:
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1704:
1701:
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1696:
1694:
1693:Cephalanthera
1691:
1690:
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1649:
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952:
950:
947:
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942:
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937:
930:
925:
922:
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914:
911:
900:on 2018-12-06
899:
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852:
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831:
830:0-521-21403-3
827:
823:
817:
814:
810:
809:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:Short notes:
788:
785:
781:
780:0-09-470780-4
777:
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752:
748:
744:
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703:0-7136-6956-X
699:
695:
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682:
677:
674:
663:on 2015-06-26
659:
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611:Cephalanthera
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568:Cephalanthera
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348:Low Countries
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160:Binomial name
157:
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151:C. rubra
147:
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138:Cephalanthera
135:
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71:Tracheophytes
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47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1565:
1222:
1166:
1162:
1129:
1101:
1097:
1061:
924:
913:
902:. Retrieved
898:the original
888:
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797:in Hampshire
794:
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658:the original
645:
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528:crab spiders
525:
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350:and western
333:
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286:North Africa
273:
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226:(L.) Schrank
222:
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1386:iNaturalist
1247:Wikispecies
1167:sphagnicola
747:NBN Gateway
549:Phialophora
538:mycorrhizal
500:?) and the
459:Test Valley
405:Sheepscombe
304:Description
272:, known as
242:(L.) Kuntze
123:Subfamily:
117:Orchidaceae
107:Asparagales
84:Angiosperms
1687:Categories
1484:Plant List
1102:rhellicani
997:in Germany
904:2018-12-06
811:17: 176-77
667:2014-10-17
617:References
596:hellebores
555:Tomentella
491:Chelostoma
1581:Q39328412
1489:kew-36673
562:Etymology
455:Hampshire
432:Chilterns
418:Hampshire
280:found in
234:(L.) Fuss
145:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1657:50025003
1652:Tropicos
1631:657708-1
1575:Wikidata
1541:23500119
1536:Tropicos
1523:Species+
1463:PalDat:
1404:622405-1
1284:BioLib:
1232:Wikidata
808:Watsonia
800:Archived
739:Archived
536:forms a
534:C. rubra
517:C. rubra
469:, now a
443:Somerset
276:, is an
218:(L.) Sw.
190:Synonyms
113:Family:
97:Monocots
1618:5308388
1365:2795845
1326:1090751
1238:Q157431
1165:subsp.
1100:subsp.
577:anthers
519:mimics
477:Ecology
430:in the
394:Britain
387:spruces
381:trees,
364:Tunisia
360:Algeria
356:Morocco
344:Britain
298:Britain
133:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
1592:200160
1589:APDB:
1456:887672
1430:210728
1391:129834
1378:404417
1352:189469
1300:433164
1272:ARKive
1264:161066
1261:APDB:
1169:(2018)
1132:(2012)
1104:(2007)
828:
824:p. 53
778:
700:
607:German
502:weevil
447:Sussex
352:France
346:, the
336:Europe
282:Europe
278:orchid
250:Crantz
1605:7Y7ML
1528:27198
1497:Plazi
1473:PFI:
1347:EUNIS
1339:CFERU
1313:69HBK
1287:42107
661:(xls)
650:(xls)
585:Latin
581:rubra
573:Greek
494:bee (
486:flies
383:pines
379:beech
340:Urals
181:Rich.
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1639:POWO
1626:IPNI
1613:GBIF
1510:POWO
1476:8247
1443:2428
1425:NCBI
1399:IPNI
1373:GRIN
1360:GBIF
1334:EPPO
1295:BOLD
826:ISBN
776:ISBN
698:ISBN
552:and
451:Kent
449:and
385:and
372:Iran
368:Asia
362:and
290:Asia
183:1817
1665:WFO
1600:CoL
1549:WFO
1412:NBN
1321:EoL
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