37:
1310:. Blood degree cannot be obtained through adoptive parents. The blood degree on previously issued CDIBs or on the base rolls in the filer's ancestry are used to determine the filer's blood degree (unless they challenge them as inaccurate). Information collected for the filing is held confidential by privacy laws, except if the CDIB is related to assigned duties.
1313:
A CDIB can show only the blood degree of one tribe or the total blood degree from all tribes in the filer's ancestry. Some tribes require a specific minimum degree of tribal ancestry for membership, which might require the first type of certificate, while some federal benefits programs require a
1337:
1321:
A Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood does not establish membership in a tribe. Tribal membership is determined by tribal laws and may or may not require a CDIB or may require a separate tribal determination of ancestry or blood degree.
2522:
2451:
992:
1333:, were often not eligible for a CDIB because they are not Native American by blood or their degree of blood was not recorded in the base rolls (where Freedman was used instead of stating a degree).
1603:
102:
1318:
requires at least 1/16 degree of
Eastern Cherokee blood for tribal membership, whereas the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Higher Education Grant for college expenses requires a 1/4 degree minimum.
2379:
1306:
with supporting legal documents such as birth certificates, showing their descent, through one or both birth parents, from an enrolled Indian or an Indian listed in a base roll such as the
2329:
1261:
2650:
2645:
1210:
297:
1736:
162:
1623:
2635:
1200:
1073:
2657:
2584:
1217:
1141:
1058:
2733:
2679:
2344:
1545:
1527:
1291:
1232:
1068:
1048:
46:
2620:
1829:
1608:
1365:
1185:
741:
244:
107:
2674:
2667:
2604:
2567:
2456:
1819:
1254:
1227:
1161:
997:
322:
1329:
perspective, and because non-federally recognized tribes are neither eligible for the card nor for the benefits which require one. Some groups, such as the
2574:
1131:
1053:
2589:
1710:
1650:
1146:
147:
1804:
307:
2702:
2684:
1665:
157:
1340:
Certificate Degree of Indian Blood card issued to Morris
Phillip Konstantin (Phil Konstantin) in 1996. It shows him to be 3/16ths Cherokee by blood.
1799:
1247:
302:
1392:
2542:
1106:
2562:
2389:
2334:
2297:
2236:
1824:
1598:
1536:
1470:
1126:
1043:
893:
808:
783:
751:
327:
97:
27:
2506:
2251:
1520:
972:
823:
227:
2662:
2404:
1222:
908:
2599:
2579:
2425:
2420:
1660:
1156:
1136:
933:
928:
2640:
2594:
2349:
1700:
1685:
1205:
1151:
746:
197:
182:
36:
2723:
2697:
2537:
1705:
1315:
1101:
202:
2625:
1513:
1439:
1190:
137:
2630:
2499:
2083:
1680:
1563:
1314:
minimum total Indian blood degree so an individual might require the second type of certificate to qualify. For example, the
1195:
1121:
593:
177:
67:
2547:
2532:
2394:
1330:
1111:
1096:
898:
2041:
549:
2728:
2292:
2015:
1731:
736:
523:
222:
117:
2384:
1721:
888:
848:
2147:
1917:
661:
419:
2324:
1912:
1628:
778:
414:
1412:
2246:
1969:
1670:
828:
475:
167:
2557:
2399:
2319:
2304:
2095:
1299:
1287:
903:
773:
758:
605:
2494:
2430:
2220:
2091:
1981:
1814:
1809:
1789:
1746:
1613:
938:
601:
487:
317:
312:
277:
122:
2314:
2256:
2197:
2192:
1355:
833:
768:
711:
706:
217:
112:
1961:
467:
2202:
2187:
2182:
1794:
1754:
1717:
1618:
1588:
716:
701:
696:
282:
252:
207:
1907:
409:
1389:
2117:
1922:
1882:
1844:
1675:
1009:
629:
424:
384:
346:
172:
2468:
2172:
2029:
1946:
1857:
1784:
1014:
686:
537:
450:
359:
272:
2738:
2463:
2354:
2309:
2276:
2075:
1956:
1726:
1695:
1578:
1476:
1350:
1002:
838:
763:
585:
462:
332:
212:
192:
127:
82:
2087:
597:
2241:
2007:
1973:
1466:
818:
515:
479:
2552:
2489:
2484:
2104:
1951:
1902:
1645:
1593:
1116:
964:
958:
616:
457:
404:
142:
92:
2113:
2099:
2045:
1583:
1568:
1443:
1396:
1336:
1326:
625:
609:
553:
87:
72:
1897:
399:
2527:
2177:
1872:
1867:
1769:
1640:
1635:
1416:
1360:
1091:
1063:
691:
374:
369:
132:
2717:
2338:
2157:
1995:
1977:
1965:
1942:
1887:
1759:
1690:
1573:
1553:
1283:
787:
671:
503:
483:
471:
446:
389:
257:
187:
77:
57:
1436:
2137:
2079:
1558:
1493:
1480:
1460:
813:
651:
589:
62:
2271:
2162:
2127:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1937:
1927:
1892:
1877:
1852:
1774:
1655:
1307:
676:
641:
519:
511:
507:
499:
439:
429:
394:
379:
354:
152:
2435:
2132:
2122:
2109:
2071:
2067:
2037:
1986:
1862:
1462:
Blood
Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
646:
636:
621:
581:
577:
545:
494:
364:
2359:
2266:
2152:
2142:
2062:
2053:
1932:
1303:
858:
853:
843:
666:
656:
572:
561:
434:
2261:
2167:
2057:
2049:
2025:
2020:
1779:
1505:
863:
681:
565:
557:
533:
528:
267:
2033:
1834:
1764:
1286:
document that certifies an individual possesses a specific fraction of
541:
292:
287:
262:
1390:"Certificate of Degree of Indian or Alaska Native Blood Instructions."
1295:
2452:
List of U.S. communities with Native
American majority populations
2380:
National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
1335:
884:
National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
883:
1509:
1727:
Native
American rights movement/Red Power movement (1968-1977)
1604:
Population history of the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
103:
Population history of the
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1447:
Native
American Rights Fund: National Indian Law Library.
2330:
Same-sex marriage in tribal nations in the United States
298:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
2613:
2515:
2477:
2444:
2413:
2368:
2285:
2229:
2211:
1843:
1745:
1544:
2680:List of Indian reservations in the United States
2345:Native American recognition in the United States
1298:, village, or community. They are issued by the
1233:List of Indian reservations in the United States
2405:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
909:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
1830:Native American identity in the United States
1521:
1366:Judicial aspects of race in the United States
1255:
1228:List of federally recognized tribes by state
8:
2675:State-recognized tribes in the United States
2457:Modern social statistics of Native Americans
1280:Certificate of Degree of Alaska Native Blood
1651:Native Americans in the American Civil War
1528:
1514:
1506:
1402:July 31, 2011 (retrieved February 6, 2011)
1262:
1248:
1031:
51:
18:
2658:Native American Medal of Honor recipients
1666:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
1302:after the applicant supplies a completed
1218:Native American Medal of Honor recipients
158:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
2016:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887–1924)
524:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887–1924)
2734:Identity documents of the United States
1377:
1282:(both abbreviated CDIB) is an official
1082:
1034:
26:
2390:National Congress of American Indians
2335:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
2298:National Congress of American Indians
2237:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
1825:Native American disease and epidemics
1599:European colonization of the Americas
1385:
1383:
1381:
1276:Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
894:National Congress of American Indians
809:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
98:European colonization of the Americas
7:
2395:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
2252:Native American people and Mormonism
2096:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
1437:"Native American Tribal Enrollment."
899:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
606:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
228:Native American temperance activists
2663:List of federally recognized tribes
1223:List of federally recognized tribes
2426:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2421:Black Indians in the United States
2385:Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
1661:Certificate Degree of Indian Blood
1497:African-Native American Genealogy.
1465:. University of California Press.
1325:The CDIB is controversial, from a
934:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
889:Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
14:
2350:Native American women in politics
1701:Native Americans and World War II
1686:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
198:Native Americans and World War II
183:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1982:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877)
1970:Antelope Hills expedition (1858)
1706:American Indian boarding schools
1316:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
488:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877)
476:(1858)|Antelope Hills expedition
203:American Indian boarding schools
35:
2400:Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
904:Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
163:Racism against Native Americans
138:Native American slave ownership
2500:Native American Pidgin English
2305:American Indian Movement (AIM)
1681:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
1564:Archaic period in the Americas
759:American Indian Movement (AIM)
178:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
68:Archaic period in the Americas
1:
2198:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
1974:Comanche Campaign (1867–1875)
1962:Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877)
712:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
480:Comanche Campaign (1867–1875)
468:Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877)
2293:Native American civil rights
2203:Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
2188:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
2183:Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
2105:Rogue River Wars (1855–1856)
1732:Native American civil rights
1499:(retrieved February 6, 2011)
1494:"Sample Freedman Documents."
1449:(retrieved February 6, 2011)
1294:Indian tribe, band, nation,
717:Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
702:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
697:Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
617:Rogue River Wars (1855–1856)
223:Alcohol and Native Americans
118:Slavery in the United States
2646:Native American politicians
2636:Native American War Leaders
2114:Puget Sound War (1855–1856)
2100:Ghost Dance War (1890–1891)
2092:Great Sioux War (1876–1877)
2088:Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)
2072:First Sioux War (1854-1856)
2000:Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886)
1722:Native American Rights Fund
1413:"Federally Funded Programs"
626:Puget Sound War (1855–1856)
610:Ghost Dance War (1890–1891)
602:Great Sioux War (1876–1877)
598:Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)
582:First Sioux War (1854-1856)
508:Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886)
2755:
2325:Occupation of Wounded Knee
2042:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
2030:Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
2012:Geronimo's War (1881–1886)
2008:Victorio's War (1879–1880)
1913:American Revolutionary War
1442:November 26, 2010, at the
1395:February 28, 2011, at the
779:Occupation of Wounded Knee
550:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
538:Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
520:Geronimo's War (1881–1886)
516:Victorio's War (1879–1880)
415:American Revolutionary War
2693:
2507:Native American languages
2247:Native American religions
1996:Jicarilla War (1849–1855)
1978:Red River War (1874–1875)
1966:Comanche Wars (1836–1877)
1671:Indian Appropriations Act
1400:Bureau of Indian Affairs.
1211:congressional politicians
973:Native American languages
504:Jicarilla War (1849–1855)
484:Red River War (1874–1875)
472:Comanche Wars (1836–1877)
168:Indian Appropriations Act
2320:Trail of Broken Treaties
2148:Hualapai War (1865–1870)
2138:Yavapai Wars (1861–1875)
2118:Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
2080:Colorado War (1863–1865)
1300:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1288:Native American ancestry
774:Trail of Broken Treaties
662:Hualapai War (1865–1870)
630:Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
590:Colorado War (1863–1865)
2724:Native American history
2495:American Indian English
2431:Louisiana Creole people
2221:Native American studies
2173:Bannock Uprising (1895)
2128:Navajo Wars (1849–1866)
2084:Powder River War (1865)
1992:Apache Wars (1849–1924)
1810:Mesoamerican literature
1805:Indigenous Peoples' Day
1614:Partus sequitur ventrem
687:Bannock Uprising (1895)
652:Yavapai Wars(1861–1875)
642:Navajo Wars (1849–1866)
594:Powder River War (1865)
500:Apache Wars (1849–1924)
308:Indigenous Peoples' Day
123:Partus sequitur ventrem
2315:Occupation of Alcatraz
2257:Native American church
2123:Mohave War (1858–1859)
2110:Yakima War (1855–1858)
2068:Sioux Wars (1854–1891)
2046:White River War (1879)
2034:Walker War (1853–1854)
1918:Cherokee–American wars
1356:Lineage-bonded society
1341:
1069:Southeastern Woodlands
1049:Northeastern Woodlands
834:Native American Church
769:Occupation of Alcatraz
622:Yakima War (1855–1858)
578:Sioux Wars (1854–1891)
554:White River War (1879)
542:Walker War (1853–1854)
420:Cherokee–American wars
218:Native American rights
2178:Yaqui Uprising (1896)
2153:Modoc War (1872–1873)
2143:Snake War (1864–1869)
2058:Bluff Skirmish (1921)
2054:Bluff War (1914–1915)
2004:Tonto War (1871–1875)
1755:Mississippian culture
1718:Civil rights movement
1619:Five Civilized Tribes
1459:Sturm, Circe (2002).
1339:
829:Traditional religions
737:Civil rights movement
692:Yaqui Uprising (1896)
667:Modoc War (1872–1873)
657:Snake War (1864–1869)
637:Mohave War(1858–1859)
566:Bluff Skirmish (1921)
562:Bluff War (1914–1915)
512:Tonto War (1871–1875)
253:Mississippian culture
208:Civil rights movement
2193:Last Massacre (1911)
2158:Nez Perce War (1877)
2026:Ute Wars (1850–1923)
1923:Northwest Indian War
1676:Racial Integrity Act
1292:federally recognized
1010:Tribal disenrollment
707:Last Massacre (1911)
672:Nez Perce War (1877)
425:Northwest Indian War
173:Racial Integrity Act
30:in the United States
2729:Native American law
2469:Reservation poverty
2414:Ethnic subdivisions
2286:Political movements
1947:Second Seminole War
1858:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
1481:10.1525/j.ctt1pp3fr
1015:Reservation poverty
998:Societal statistics
922:Ethnic subdivisions
730:Political movements
534:Ute Wars(1850–1923)
451:Second Seminole War
360:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
22:Part of a series on
2370:Civic and economic
2355:Tribal sovereignty
2310:Red Power Movement
2277:Longhouse Religion
2212:Education, science
2163:Bannock War (1878)
1957:American Civil War
1908:Lord Dunmore's War
1696:Blood quantum laws
1579:Post-Classic stage
1351:Blood quantum laws
1342:
839:Longhouse Religion
764:Red Power Movement
742:Self-determination
677:Bannock War (1878)
463:American Civil War
410:Lord Dunmore's War
333:Tribal sovereignty
213:Red Power movement
193:Blood quantum laws
148:American Civil War
128:Indian Removal Act
83:Post-Classic stage
2711:
2710:
2242:Eagle feather law
2133:Paiute War (1860)
2076:Dakota War (1862)
2038:Tintic War (1856)
1952:Osage Indian War
1883:King Philip's War
1472:978-0-520-23096-5
1331:Cherokee freedmen
1272:
1271:
1170:
1169:
1059:Pacific Northwest
1054:Northwest Plateau
849:Keetoowah Society
819:Eagle Feather law
747:Women in politics
586:Dakota War (1862)
546:Tintic War (1856)
458:Osage Indian War
385:King Philip's War
235:
234:
2746:
2621:Native Americans
2490:American English
2063:Posey War (1923)
1780:Iroquois culture
1646:Indian Territory
1594:Age of Discovery
1530:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1456:
1450:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1387:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1186:Native Americans
1064:The Great Plains
1032:
967:
965:American English
939:Louisiana Creole
647:Paiute War(1860)
573:Posey War (1923)
268:Iroquois culture
143:Indian Territory
93:Age of Discovery
52:
39:
28:Native Americans
19:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2689:
2609:
2511:
2473:
2440:
2409:
2373:
2371:
2364:
2281:
2225:
2213:
2207:
2168:Crow War (1887)
1839:
1765:Hohokam culture
1741:
1584:Woodland period
1569:Formative stage
1540:
1537:Native American
1534:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1488:
1473:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1444:Wayback Machine
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:Wayback Machine
1388:
1379:
1374:
1347:
1327:racial politics
1268:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1078:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1019:
987:
979:
978:
977:
963:
953:
945:
944:
943:
923:
915:
914:
913:
878:
870:
869:
868:
803:
795:
794:
793:
731:
723:
722:
721:
682:Crow War (1887)
349:
339:
338:
337:
263:Hohokam culture
247:
237:
236:
88:Woodland period
73:Formative stage
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:North Carolina
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2214:and technology
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2107:
2102:
2065:
2060:
2050:Ute War (1887)
2023:
2018:
1989:
1984:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:Peach Tree War
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1770:Plains Indians
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1737:Discrimination
1734:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Trail of Tears
1638:
1636:Indian removal
1633:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1486:
1471:
1451:
1429:
1417:Citrus College
1404:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1361:Pedigree chart
1358:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:North Carolina
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
970:
969:
968:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
942:
941:
936:
931:
925:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
755:
754:
744:
739:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
632:
619:
613:
612:
575:
569:
568:
558:Ute War (1887)
531:
526:
497:
491:
490:
465:
460:
454:
453:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
375:Peach Tree War
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
248:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
133:Trail of Tears
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
50:
45:
44:
41:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2751:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:By state/city
2514:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2339:Red handprint
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:Seminole Wars
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:Pontiac's War
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1888:Tuscarora War
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:Neighborhoods
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Adena culture
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Jim Crow laws
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:Classic stage
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:Paleo-Indians
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
993:Neighborhoods
991:
990:
983:
982:
974:
971:
966:
962:
961:
960:
957:
956:
949:
948:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
929:Black Indians
927:
926:
919:
918:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
874:
873:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
799:
798:
789:
788:Red handprint
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
727:
726:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
627:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
452:
448:
447:Seminole Wars
445:
444:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Pontiac's War
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Tuscarora War
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
343:
342:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Neighborhoods
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Adena culture
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
241:
240:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
188:Jim Crow laws
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
78:Classic stage
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
58:Paleo-Indians
56:
55:
54:
53:
48:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
16:U.S. Document
2464:Reservations
2445:Demographics
2116: /
2112: /
2098: /
2094: /
2090: /
2086: /
2082: /
2078: /
2074: /
2070: /
2056: /
2052: /
2048: /
2044: /
2040: /
2036: /
2032: /
2028: /
2014: /
2010: /
2006: /
2002: /
1998: /
1994: /
1980: /
1976: /
1972: /
1968: /
1964: /
1945: /
1898:Dummer's War
1720: /
1559:Lithic stage
1496:
1489:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1407:
1399:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1003:Reservations
986:Demographics
814:Christianity
628: /
624: /
608: /
604: /
600: /
596: /
592: /
588: /
584: /
580: /
564: /
560: /
556: /
552: /
548: /
544: /
540: /
536: /
522: /
518: /
514: /
510: /
506: /
502: /
486: /
482: /
478: /
474: /
470: /
449: /
400:Dummer's War
63:Lithic stage
2272:Sweat lodge
1938:Arikara War
1928:War of 1812
1893:Yamasee War
1878:Esopus Wars
1868:Kieft's War
1853:Beaver Wars
1775:Anishinaabe
1656:Dawes Rolls
1422:February 6,
1308:Dawes Rolls
1201:war leaders
1044:Great Basin
752:Nationalism
440:Arikara War
430:War of 1812
395:Yamasee War
380:Esopus Wars
370:Kieft's War
355:Beaver Wars
153:Dawes Rolls
2718:Categories
2538:California
2436:Pretendian
1987:Cayuse War
1863:Pequot War
1711:gravesites
1372:References
1102:California
495:Cayuse War
365:Pequot War
313:Literature
2739:Genealogy
2685:Massacres
2641:musicians
2605:Wisconsin
2568:Baltimore
2478:Languages
2360:Land Back
2267:Sun Dance
1933:Creek War
1629:ownership
1304:genealogy
1206:musicians
1162:Wisconsin
1074:Southwest
1035:by region
1028:Geography
952:Languages
859:Wabunowin
854:Midewiwin
844:Sun Dance
824:Mormonism
435:Creek War
2698:Category
2668:by state
2600:Virginia
2590:Oklahoma
2580:Nebraska
2575:Michigan
2563:Maryland
2543:Colorado
2262:Smudging
2230:Religion
2021:Yuma War
1609:Genocide
1440:Archived
1393:Archived
1345:See also
1157:Virginia
1147:Oklahoma
1137:Nebraska
1132:Michigan
1127:Maryland
1107:Colorado
1083:by state
864:Wocekiye
802:Religion
529:Yuma War
108:Genocide
2651:writers
2626:artists
2548:Florida
2533:Arizona
2485:English
1835:Pow wow
1815:Fashion
1747:Culture
1624:Slavery
1546:History
1191:artists
1112:Florida
1097:Arizona
959:English
318:Fashion
288:Pow wow
245:Culture
113:Slavery
47:History
2703:Portal
2631:actors
2595:Oregon
2553:Hawaii
2528:Alaska
2372:groups
1539:topics
1479:
1469:
1296:pueblo
1196:actors
1152:Oregon
1117:Hawaii
1092:Alaska
877:Groups
328:Health
2614:Lists
1795:Music
1589:Trade
1477:JSTOR
1290:of a
1179:Lists
293:Dance
283:Music
2558:Iowa
2523:List
1845:Wars
1800:Film
1790:Food
1467:ISBN
1424:2011
1284:U.S.
1122:Iowa
784:MMIW
347:Wars
303:Film
278:Food
1785:Art
1278:or
273:Art
2720::
1475:.
1415:.
1380:^
1274:A
2341:)
2337:(
1529:e
1522:t
1515:v
1483:.
1426:.
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
790:)
786:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
