495:
temperament, immediately went to Yi Chi-yŏng's house and demanded the pigeon's return, but he was met with insults and returned humiliated and tied up instead. Ch'oe Ch'ung-su then went straight to his brother and expressed his intention to eliminate Yi Ŭi-min and his three sons. At that time, it had been over ten years since Yi Ŭi-min came to power, and his and his sons' tyranny was becoming more severe daily, causing them to lose the people's support. In particular, his two sons, Yi Chi-yŏng and Yi Chi-gwang, were even worse, to the point that people referred to them as the "Double Knives" and hated them. After some hesitation, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn ultimately agreed.
606:
hands of Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. The first scapegoat was King
Myeongjong. It seems that Myeongjong did not actively support Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn when he staged a coup. This can be inferred from the fact that the Suchang Palace, where the king resided, became a stronghold for the anti-coup forces. As a result, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn decided to depose Myeongjong in 1197, the year following the coup (27th year of Myeongjong's reign). There was no particular justification for this. According to Ch'oe Ch'ung-su, who discussed this matter, the following can be said.
681:, consisting of influential men from both civil and military ranks. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn started to reorganize the government, but Ch'ung-su unseated the Crown Princess and tried to marry his daughter to the Crown Prince. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn immediately intervened, and a bloody struggle between the Ch'oe brothers ensued. In the end, Ch'ung-su lost and was beheaded by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn's troops. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was said to have wept when he saw his brother's head and gave him a proper burial.
738:). In 1202 (the 5th year of King Sinjong's reign), he took over civil and military personnel administration from his residence. Ch'oe established a government where he could work with ministers and military officials to stabilize his regime. He also appointed several relatives to high government positions to slowly expand his power. By 1203 (the 6th year of King Sinjong's reign), he was appointed to the offices of vice-director of the Secretariat (
654:., the 20th king of Goryeo. He was 54 years old at the time of his accession. The king was nothing more than a puppet. He couldn't even freely choose the water he drank. There was a popular belief among the people that if the king drank from the water of the Dalaejeong (炟艾井), the eunuchs would seize power, so Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn went so far as to destroy that well and have the king drink from the well of Gwangmyeongsa (廣明寺).
1009:
Proposals" (Bongsasipjo). Internally, he aimed to stabilize the regime by dispelling the frequent political upheavals and the alliances and divisions among military factions under King
Myeongjong. Externally, his goal was to quell the unrest in local societies. However, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn's regime was essentially a continuation of the previous military regimes, showcasing the characteristics of a new oppressor.
1029:. He gathered hundreds of elite soldiers, housed and trained them at his residence, and always kept them by his side, even sharing the same blankets to show his sincerity. After Gyeong Dae-seung's death, his Dobang forces were thoroughly eradicated. However, the Ch'oe family revived the concept of maintaining a private army at their residence, also called Gobang, which always protected the ruling family.
815:. Sinjong died of disease immediately after that he deposed King Sinjong and installed King Huijong, becoming Byeoksang Samhan Samjung Daegwang Gaebu I Dong Samsa Su Taesa Munhasirang Dong Jungseo Munha Pyeongjangsa Sangjanggun Sangjuguk Panbyeongbu Eosadaesa Taesasa (壁上三韓三重大匡 開府儀同三司 守太師 門下侍郎同中書門下平章事 上將軍 上柱國 判兵部御史臺事 太子太師). The king treated him with particular respect, calling him Eunmun Sangguk (恩門相國).
330:)'. To maintain control, he created a dual administration, with private government institutions and private military forces answering directly to him, while maintaining the government structures of the old dynastic regime and limiting its authority. His power was so immense that he replaced four kings and established a power base that maintained the Ch'oe family's military regime for over 60 years.
849:. The enslaved people killed their masters and gathered on a mountain, around 100 strong. This rebel army was quickly terminated, and the bodies of the dead were thrown into a river, unburied. More rebellions occurred, including by Buddhist priests. Ch'oe was not able to completely silence the Buddhists, but he did capture the individual Buddhists who were behind a plot to assassinate him.
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power. As Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn undermined the existing bureaucratic system to establish a framework for his one-person dictatorship, he required substantial human and material resources. After 1216 (the 3rd year of King Gojong's reign), the economic impoverishment that had accumulated until then led to a resurgence of local resistance, triggered by the invasion of the Khitan remnants.
876:) at Yeongeungwan (迎恩館) to investigate and eliminate the conspirators. This office later became the highest authority under the Ch'oe regime gathering information and expanded its role to encompass all national affairs such as controlling personnel, inspections, and taxation, with Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn as its head with the office of special commissioner for policy formulation (
611:
silk, leading to an empty treasury and an inability to govern the officials and the people. Additionally, Crown Prince Wang Su has kept palace maids close and has fathered nine sons, each of whom he sent to the minor lords to have their heads shaved and be made disciples. Furthermore, his character is foolish and weak, making him unfit to be the crown prince.
646:), and deposed King Myungjong. He sent his subordinates into the palace to pressure the king, forcing him to come out alone and confining him in Changrak Palace. It is said that he also sent the crown prince and crown princess away on horseback to Ganghwa Island, braving the rain. Myeongjong passed away in 1202 (the 5th year of Sinjong), five years later.
421:), responsible for producing and supplying alcohol to the royal family and government offices. For a while, he moved between lower positions, but after the military coup occurred, he felt ashamed to remain in a clerical position despite his determination to achieve merit and make a name for himself, so he reportedly changed to a military position.
819:
practical plots. The following year, he became
Jinganghu (晋康侯) and established Heungnyeongbu (興寧府). Huijong was determined to retrieve all the former powers that military dictators and usurpers had taken from the kings, including by removing Ch'oe. Ch'oe had been given the State and Royal Protector rank, with power equivalent to the kings.
542:"The treacherous Yi Ŭi-min committed the crime of regicide, oppressed and harmed the people, and even coveted the throne. We have long despised him and now, for the sake of the state, have defeated him. However, fearing the leak of our plans, we did not seek royal permission, for which we are gravely guilty."
975:
Knowing a succession fight would ensue, Ch'oe forbade U to enter the house. Hyang attempted to kill his brother to cement his position as a successor. U and Hyang fought a sword battle, which U won. U did not kill his brother as his father had done to Ch'ung-su. Instead, he left his younger brother's
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In 1205 (the 1st year of King
Huijong's reign), Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was granted 100 plots of land, the title Teukjin Humoe Il Deok Ansa Jese Gongsin (特進 訏謀 逸德 安社 濟世 功臣), and the office of Chancellor (Munhasijung (門下侍中)). He was given the title Jinganggun Gaegukhui (晋康郡 開國侯) with 3,000 households and 300
556:
As a military officer who had not participated in the previous army coup, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn faced potential backlash from other military officials. To legitimize his rule, he and his brother Ch'oe Ch'ung-su submitted a reform proposal called the
Bongsasipjo (封事十條), which included the following points:
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On April 9, 1196, the king was scheduled to visit the temple of
Bojeisa near Gaegyeong. However, Yi Ŭi-min did not follow the royal procession and went to his Mount Mita (彌陀山) in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam. Having obtained this information in advance, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn and his brothers, along with his nephew
988:
Ch'oe lived peacefully for the remaining seven years of his life and even got to see his grandson Hang, son of U. Ch'oe, who survived several attempts on his life. He suffered a stroke and lived for one more year before he died at the age of 71 on 29 October 1219. It is recorded that his funeral was
649:
Initially, Ch'oe Ch'ung-su argued for appointing Wang Chin, the 6th descendant of
Hyeonjong and the Minister of State, as the next king because he favored Wang Chin's female servant. However, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn wanted to make Wang Min, the son of Injong and the younger brother of Myeongjong, the king.
485:
Province but was impeached for going against the wishes of the powerful officials, which reportedly blocked his path for several years thereafter. It seems that the relationship with the governor Yi Ŭi-min, who was likely from
Gyeongju and had deep ties to the region, was not good. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn,
924:
To firmly maintain his regime, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn reorganized the ruling apparatus, expanding private ruling bodies such as the
Directorate-General for Policy Formulation, Tobang, and private soldiers. These organizations prioritized the prosperity of Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn's regime over maintaining state
841:
that outright denied the legitimacy of the dynasty. This movement shocked the ruling military factions and the general ruling class and posed a substantial obstacle to Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn's regime. Therefore, following a harsh suppression of the
Gyeongju area, they established an even stronger control
795:
In 1204 (the 7th year of King Sinjong's reign), King Sinjong fell ill 1204 after seven years of rule and secretly begged Ch'oe to preserve and not overthrow the kingdom. Ch'oe respected this last request from the king and the next day, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn secretly discussed and handled this issue with
621:
In September of that year, citing the king's failure to implement the Bongsasipjo and waste of state treasury, he confined the king to Changrak Palace (昌樂宮). The only justification was that the king was old and weary of his duties, yet without causing much controversy, they replaced a king who had
610:
The current king has been on the throne for 28 years and is old, growing weary of his duties. Moreover, the minor lords are always by the king's side, exploiting his grace and authority to disrupt the state affairs. The king, having favored these petty individuals, has recklessly bestowed gold and
552:
With the King's approval, Ch'oe led the government forces and defeated the armies of the Yi loyalists. They also killed or exiled dozens of high-ranking military officials who were considered potential threats, including Kwŏn Chŏl-p'yŏng, Kwŏn Chun, Son Sŏk, Son Hong-yun, Kil In, Yi Kyŏng-yu, Kwŏn
596:
Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn, who seized power, held positions such as the Left Minister of State (third rank), responsible for conveying the king's orders, and the Chief Inspector of Officials (fourth rank), responsible for overseeing the conduct of officials. It was not until the following year that he was
1008:
Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn seized power by eliminating Yi Ŭi-min and his faction due to the political instability during King Myeongjong's reign and the resistance from local societies, which created a conducive social atmosphere. To renew this social atmosphere, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn presented the "Ten Reform
605:
In 1197 (the 27th year of King Myeongjong's reign), Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was granted the title of Chungseongjari Gongsin (忠誠佐理功臣), and his father was given the title Bonguichandeok Gongsin Su Taewi Munhasirang (奉議贊德功臣 守太尉 門下侍郞). Although the position he held was not high, the power was solely in the
592:
The beginning of this reform proposal justified the assassination of Yi Ŭi-min. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn and his brother argued that they killed Yi Ŭi-min for his crimes against the state and threats to the people. They consolidated power by eliminating the ruling military faction following the military
494:
In April 1196 (the 26th year of King Myungjong), when Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn turned 48, an opportunity finally came to him. The incident began in an unexpected place. His younger brother, Ch'oe Ch'ung-su, had his pet pigeon taken by Yi Chi-yŏng, the son of Yi Ŭi-min. Ch'oe Ch'ung-su, who had a fierce
1024:
The primary support for the Ch'oe family's power was their military strength. They commanded a large private army that far surpassed the official government forces. This army, known as the Tobang, was said to stretch for two to three ri (about 0.8-1.2 kilometers) when assembled. The Dobang was
1012:
Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was the first of the Ch'oe dictators, and he set up the system of rule that the later Ch'oe dictators would use after Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was his first son Ch'oe U, who led the armies of Goryeo to fight the Mongol armies. After Ch'oe U came to his first son
622:
reigned for nearly 30 years, which shows the power of Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. At this time, Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn mobilized troops, dividing them into five groups and deploying them throughout the city of Gaegyeong. He exiled key officials of the court, such as Tu Kyŏng-sŭng (
979:
Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was pleased by U's decision and sent his younger son into exile. Ch'oe announced that he would be succeeded by his son, U, and that he would retire. He was around 65 when he made this announcement, and U was probably in his mid-thirties.
796:
Ch'oe Sŏn and Ki Hong-su at his residence. The succession of the throne was also decided by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. Thus, Huijong ascended to the throne. At the end of the Sinjong section in the "History of Goryeo," the envoy commented on his reign as follows.
941:. Many escaped to Goryeo, and violence flared along the northern border. Ch'oe's sons, U and Hyang, led separate campaigns in response. Hyang defeated the minor tribal armies to the east, and U defeated those in the west with the help of General
972:'s regime, partially caused by the lack of a strong legitimate heir. Ch'oe's first son, Ch'oe U, was an influential strategist, soldier, and leader. The second son, Ch'oe Hyang, was an exceptional soldier but not a good negotiator or statesman.
800:
Sinjong was a king established by Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn. The power to save and kill people, to create and abolish official positions, all came from his hands. The king merely had an empty shell and was like a puppet over the subjects. How sad it
1004:
instead. Although the House of Ch'oe established strong private individuals loyal to it, continuous invasion by the Mongols ravaged the whole land, resulting in a weakened defense ability, and the power of the military regime waned.
378:, but because Ch'oe Wŏn-ho was given the ancestral seat of Ubong, his family split from the Gyeongju Ch'oe clan and became the Ubong Ch'oe clan. He married Lady Song, the daughter of general Song Ch'ŏng, and had two sons by her,
394:
Ch'oe entered the military, like his father, and was a colonel until he reached age 35 when he became a general. He joined the Council of Generals at age 40. Ch'oe served under the military dictators during the reign of King
894:). Especially after the capital moved to Ganghwa Island during the Mongol invasions during the tenure of Ch'oe's son, the Directorate-General became central to national administration, including tax collection.
916:
In 1212 (the 1st year of King Gangjong's reign), he renamed Heungnyeongbu to Jingangbu (晋康府) and was honored as Mungyeong Muwi Hyangri Jo an Gongsin (文經 武緯 嚮里措安功臣). In 1213, Gangjong died and Ch'oe installed
857:
In 1209 (the 5th year of King Huijong's reign), an assassination attempt by three clerks at Cheonggyo Station (靑郊驛) was uncovered. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn established the Directorate-General for Policy Formulation
400:
673:
Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn purged 50 close associates of the king, rose to various high-ranking positions, and in 1200 (the 3rd year of King Sinjong's reign), established a personal guard unit based on
650:
The justification was to follow the precedent set by Uijong and Myeongjong, which involved passing the throne from brother to brother. Thus, Wang Min ascended to the throne, becoming
834:
In 1207, Pak Chin-jae rebelled against his uncle, but Ch'oe crushed him, exiled Pak Chin-jae to Baekryeongjin (白翎鎭), and banished many of Pak's followers for rebelling against him.
535:), a military officer in the capital, to support his cause. He then massacred or exiled numerous civil and military officials identified as Yi Ŭi-min's followers and seized power.
399:. During the rule of military dictator Yi Ŭi-min, Ch'oe and his brother Ch'oe Ch'ung-su became dissatisfied with his reign. Initially, he became the yangonryŏng (良醞令) via
597:
appointed a worthy subject. Unlike other military rulers who immediately ascended to the highest offices and ranks upon seizing power, he maintained a cautious attitude.
960:
In 1218 (the 5th year of King Gojong's reign), at 70, he was granted a staff. In 1219 (the 6th year of King Gojong's reign), King Gojong gave him the surname Wang (王).
403:
due to his father's status in the military. It was the first official position that Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn which was an 8th rank position in the Agency for Royal Liquors (
448:) selected Ch'oe and he made significant contributions at the forefront, leading to his promotion to the position of a commandant of the special patrol troops (
921:. In 1214 (the 1st year of King Gojong's reign), Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn's wife, Lady Im, became Suseongtaekju (綬成宅主), and Lady Wang became Jeonghwataekju (靜和宅主).
1690:
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The Ch'oe regime lasted 60 years, during which Goryeo could resist the Mongol invasions. After the fall of the Ch'oe military regime, the
1230:
1204: The title of 壁上三韓三重大匡 開府儀同三司守太師 門下侍郞同中書門下平章事 上將軍上柱國 兵部御史臺判事 太子太師 was added. Just a few days later 晋康郡候 門下侍中 was additionally added.
523:), went there and beheaded Yi Ŭi-min. Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn and his group immediately returned to Gaegyeong to convince General Paek Chon-yu (
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1650:
1570:
1036:, which was the private army of the Ch'oe family, separated from the Goryeo government and attempted to start its nation, but this
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992:
What was different from former military leaders was the active involvement of scholars in Ch'oe's control, notably Prime Minister
424:
In 1174 (the 4th year of King Myeongjong's reign), he rose to prominence in the central political arena during Cho Wi-ch'ong's (
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structure than the previous military regimes. As a result, local resistance gradually diminished during King Huijong's reign.
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who was full of ambition, had not been able to seize the opportunity to realize his aspirations until he was in his late 40s.
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In 1211 (the 7th year of King Huijong's reign), he narrowly escaped death due to a plot by palace official Wang Chun-myŏng (
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In 1207 (the 3rd year of King Huijong's reign), he was given the title Jinganggong (晋康公). Simultaneously, Ch'oe appointed
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996:, who was a Confucian scholar-official. After Sinjong died, Ch'oe forced his son to the throne as
478:) upon his return. He subsequently held various positions in both central and local government.
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Yun, Yu Sam-baek, Ch'oe Hyŏk-yun, Chu Kwang-mi, Kim Yu-sin, Kwŏn Yon, and many others.
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1444:
1402:[Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn: An absolute ruler who controlled four kings] (in Korean).
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665:(英烈佑聖功臣 三重大匡 門下侍中). This established the Ch'oe family's military rule.
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This was followed by a slave rebellion, led by one of Ch'oe's slaves,
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During Yi Ŭi-min's reign, he became the royal inspector of Gyeongsang
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Approximately 845 Koreans today are members of the Ubong Ch'oe clan.
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Djun Kil Kim, 《The History of Korea: 2nd edition》, ABC-CLIO, 2014.
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Criticize flattery among officials and promote capable individuals.
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Shultz, Edward J. (1984). "Ch'oe Ch'unghŏn: His Rise to Power".
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Jeongguk Gongsin Samhan Daegwang Daejung Daebu Sangjanggun Juguk
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Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn was born in 1149, the son of Supreme General
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Prohibit the extravagance of officials and promote frugality.
957:). Small contingents of the Mongols aided these victories.
661:(靖國功臣 三韓大匡 大中大夫 上將軍 柱國), and his father received the title
937:, were being driven from their homelands by the invading
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During this time, various northern tribes, including the
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Ch'oe gave the throne to Sinjong's son, who became King
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period. After overthrowing the previous military ruler,
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Yeongryeol U Seong Gongsin Samjung Daegwang Munhasijung
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Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea
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Regulate monks and prohibit usury by the royal family.
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312:; 1149 – 29 October 1219) was a military ruler of
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774:), and junior preceptor of the crown prince (
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561:The king should return to the main palace.
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1565:. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.
1359:[Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn] (in Korean).
853:Assassination Attempts and Consolidation
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1224:1196: The title of 左承宣 御史臺知事 was added.
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1399:최충헌[崔忠獻]: 4명의 왕을 쥐락펴락 한 절대 권력자
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1125:Ch'oe Hyang (1167–1230), second son
1025:originally a guard unit created by
436:) rebellion. General Ki T'ak-sŏng (
362:. He was descended from the famous
16:Military ruler of Korea (1149–1219)
14:
968:Ch'oe witnessed the downfall of
511:) and his relative No Sŏk-sung (
1492:"냉혈한 권력자, 몽골군을 피해 강화도로 도읍을 옮기다"
579:Appoint honest local officials.
1691:Leaders who took power by coup
1467:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1361:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
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298:
243:
227:
1:
466:) and later to sŏp-changgun (
1110:); daughter of Song Ch'ŏng (
976:fate in his father's hands.
374:and was the ancestor of the
1221:Early title: 別抄都令 -> 攝將軍
890:
872:
788:
770:
753:chungsŏ sirang p'yŏngjangsa
752:
734:
716:
698:
462:
417:
280:
266:
1727:
1701:13th-century Korean people
1651:12th-century Korean people
1561:Shultz, Edward J. (2000).
1101:Wives and their issue(s):
1070:Brother: Ch'oe Ch'ung-su (
839:Silla restoration movement
756:), minister of personnel (
18:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1599:Military Leader of Goryeo
1596:
1588:
1583:
372:North South States Period
348:) and his wife, Lady Yu (
214:
206:
153:29 October 1219 (aged 70)
124:
63:
53:Military Leader of Goryeo
47:
39:
1398:
1355:
1173:Princess Suseong of the
215:Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn
1148:King Gangjong of Goryeo
989:like that of a king's.
1183:); daughter of Im Pu (
1088:Nephew: Pak Chin-jae (
1052:Father: Ch'oe Wŏn-ho (
809:
619:
550:
1294:List of Goryeo people
401:protected appointment
196:Ch'oe Wŏn-ho (father)
23:, the family name is
1437:10.1353/ks.1984.0000
1079:Sister: Lady Ch'oe (
720:) and chief censor (
261:Revised Romanization
79:Myeongjong of Goryeo
1627:Marquis of Jingang
677:'s bodyguards, the
376:Gyeongju Ch'oe clan
370:, who lived in the
1630:1204 – 1219
1603:1197 – 1219
1584:Political offices
1146:clan, daughter of
570:Levy taxes fairly.
489:
91:Gangjong of Goryeo
1639:
1638:
1606:Succeeded by
1251:in the 2003–2004
1140:Princess Jeonghwa
1134:), first daughter
1061:Mother: Lady Yu (
806:History of Goryeo
634:) and Yu Tŭ-gŭi (
287:
286:
275:McCune–Reischauer
210:
209:
164:Princess Jeonghwa
87:Huijong of Goryeo
83:Sinjong of Goryeo
59:Imperial Guardian
1718:
1696:Regents of Korea
1666:Korean marquises
1656:Goryeo Buddhists
1589:Preceded by
1581:
1576:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1488:
1479:
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1476:
1475:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1394:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1351:
1289:History of Korea
1208:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1133:
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1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
984:Death and Legacy
956:
955:
950:
949:
908:
907:
902:
901:
893:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
869:
868:
863:
862:
807:
791:
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773:
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749:
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724:
719:
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712:
707:
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701:
695:
694:
689:
688:
645:
644:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
626:
617:
548:
547:Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn
534:
533:
528:
527:
522:
521:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
503:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
463:pyŏlch'o toryŏng
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
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429:
428:
420:
414:
413:
408:
407:
353:
352:
347:
346:
329:
328:
311:
310:
301:
300:
290:Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn
283:
281:Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn
269:
254:
253:
230:
229:
212:
199:Lady Yu (mother)
167:Princess Suseong
129:Personal details
115:
103:
95:Gojong of Goryeo
68:
42:
41:
36:Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn
32:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1676:Ubong Choe clan
1671:Goryeo generals
1641:
1640:
1629:
1611:
1602:
1594:
1573:
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1408:
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1400:
1396:
1395:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1307:
1302:
1285:
1258:Age of Warriors
1240:
1238:Popular culture
1218:
1049:
1021:came to power.
986:
966:
931:
929:Khitan Invasion
891:kyojŏng pyŏlgam
855:
832:
808:
805:
717:ibyŏngbu sangsŏ
671:
618:
616:Ch'oe Ch'ung-su
615:
603:
549:
546:
499:Pak Chin-jae (
492:
392:
390:Military Career
336:
267:Choe Chung-heon
255:
231:
202:
184:
182:
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166:
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138:
113:
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93:
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43:
37:
30:
17:
12:
11:
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1616:Regnal titles
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1508:
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1425:Korean Studies
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1123:
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1077:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1027:Kyŏng Tae-sŭng
985:
982:
970:Chŏng Chung-bu
965:
962:
930:
927:
854:
851:
831:
828:
803:
675:Kyŏng Tae-sŭng
670:
667:
613:
602:
599:
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589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
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491:
488:
391:
388:
368:Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn
335:
332:
285:
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277:
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1572:0-8248-2324-9
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1267:
1264:Portrayed by
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:Ryu Deok-hwan
1246:
1243:Portrayed by
1242:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1202:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1172:
1168:), fourth son
1161:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1127:
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1118:
1117:
1103:
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1087:
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983:
981:
977:
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961:
958:
944:
943:Kim Ch'wi-ryŏ
940:
936:
928:
926:
922:
920:
914:
912:
911:King Gangjong
895:
892:
874:
873:kyojŏng togam
852:
850:
848:
843:
840:
835:
829:
827:
825:
820:
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814:
802:
797:
793:
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772:
754:
736:
718:
700:
682:
680:
676:
668:
666:
664:
660:
655:
653:
647:
612:
607:
601:Rise to power
600:
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584:
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28:
27:
22:
1661:Korean dukes
1633:
1626:
1621:
1597:
1562:
1547:, p. 1.
1540:
1535:, p. 2.
1528:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1495:
1472:. Retrieved
1465:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1407:. Retrieved
1364:. Retrieved
1273:
1268:in the 2012
1256:
1203:Cha Un-sŏn (
1198:), fifth son
1192:Ch'oe Sŏng (
1175:Jangheung Im
1159:), third son
1144:Kaesong Wang
1128:Lady Ch'oe (
1094:; 1165–1207)
1076:; 1151–1197)
1042:
1031:
1023:
1011:
1007:
991:
987:
978:
974:
967:
959:
932:
923:
915:
896:
856:
844:
836:
833:
821:
817:
810:
799:
794:
699:ch'umilwŏnsa
683:
672:
662:
658:
656:
648:
620:
609:
604:
595:
591:
555:
551:
541:
537:
497:
493:
480:
423:
393:
340:Ch'oe Wŏn-ho
337:
289:
288:
114:Succeeded by
65:
24:
1706:Fratricides
1686:1219 deaths
1681:1149 births
1545:Shultz 2000
1533:Shultz 2000
1498:(in Korean)
1496:History Net
1470:(in Korean)
1404:History Net
1245:Kim Kap-soo
1162:Mr. Ch'oe (
1104:Lady Song (
1034:Sambyeolcho
1002:King Gojong
789:t'aeja sosa
490:Coup D'état
384:Ch'oe Hyang
316:during the
306::
296::
183:Unnamed son
179:Ch'oe Hyang
102:Preceded by
21:Korean name
1645:Categories
1521:1610695828
1502:2024-08-03
1474:2024-08-03
1409:2024-08-07
1366:2024-08-03
1300:References
1275:God of War
1272:TV series
1255:TV series
1153:Ch'oe Ku (
1015:Ch'oe Hang
964:Succession
830:Rebellions
771:ibu sangsŏ
397:Myeongjong
334:Early life
185:Ch'oe Sŏng
1622:New title
1592:Yi Ŭi-min
1462:"최우 (崔瑀)"
1445:144978499
1431:(1): 72.
1356:최충헌 (崔忠獻)
1038:rebellion
994:Yi Kyu-bo
824:Yi Kyu-bo
364:Confucian
322:Yi Ŭi-min
161:Lady Song
158:Spouse(s)
107:Yi Ŭi-min
70:1196–1219
66:In office
1577:S. 70-82
1283:See also
1266:Joo Hyun
1019:Ch'oe Ŭi
804:—
735:ŏsadaebu
669:Dictator
614:—
545:—
418:Yangonsŏ
366:scholar
360:Gyeongju
356:Gaeseong
181:Ch'oe Ku
172:Children
144:Gyeongju
140:Gaeseong
75:Monarchs
19:In this
1711:Sutaesa
1609:Ch'oe U
1555:Sources
1180:수성택주 임씨
1142:of the
1120:Ch'oe U
998:Huijong
939:Mongols
935:Khitans
847:Manjeok
813:Huijong
747:中書侍郎平章事
741:중서시랑평장사
652:Sinjong
593:coup.
380:Ch'oe U
190:Parents
176:Ch'oe U
119:Ch'oe U
1634:Vacant
1569:
1523:, p.76
1519:
1443:
1177:clan (
1047:Family
951:;
919:Gojong
903:;
888:;
882:;
870:;
864:;
786:;
780:;
768:;
762:;
750:;
744:;
732:;
726:;
714:;
708:;
696:;
690:;
679:Tobang
640:;
628:;
529:;
517:;
505:;
472:;
460:;
454:;
442:;
430:;
415:;
409:;
318:Goryeo
302:;
294:Korean
221:Hangul
1441:S2CID
1216:Title
1131:부인 최씨
1107:부인 송씨
1082:부인 최씨
1064:부인 유씨
711:吏兵部尙書
705:이병부상서
483:Jinju
314:Korea
304:Hanja
237:Hanja
26:Ch'oe
1567:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1253:KBS1
1247:and
885:敎定都監
879:교정도감
867:敎定都監
861:교정도감
801:is."
783:太子少師
777:태자소사
765:吏部尙書
759:이부상서
729:御史大夫
723:어사대부
693:樞密院使
687:추밀원사
457:別抄都令
451:별초도령
382:and
327:封事十條
150:Died
137:1149
134:Born
1433:doi
1270:MBC
1206:자운선
1189:).
1091:박진재
1073:최충수
1055:최원호
954:金就礪
948:김취려
906:王濬明
900:왕준명
792:).
643:柳得義
637:유득의
631:杜景升
625:두경승
532:白存儒
526:백존유
520:盧碩崇
514:노석숭
508:朴晋材
502:박진재
475:攝將軍
469:섭장군
445:奇卓誠
439:기탁성
433:趙位寵
427:조위총
412:良醞署
406:양온서
358:or
345:최원호
309:崔忠獻
299:최충헌
228:최충헌
142:or
40:최충헌
1647::
1494:.
1483:^
1464:.
1453:^
1439:.
1427:.
1375:^
1308:^
1195:최성
1186:임부
1165:최씨
1156:최구
1150:.
1116:)
1113:송청
1085:)
1067:)
913:.
386:.
351:유씨
1575:.
1505:.
1477:.
1447:.
1435::
1429:8
1412:.
1369:.
1278:.
1261:.
1209:)
1058:)
945:(
858:(
342:(
292:(
251:獻
248:忠
245:崔
29:.
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