2456:
358:
clashing with the Chʼorti people over land disputes from the 1800s, which puts the people (and thus the language) at risk. In 1997, 2 prominent Chʼorti leaders were assassinated. This assassination is just one example of many cases where Chʼorti advocates have been harmed or killed. Every one of these killings reduces the number of Chʼorti speakers. As of right now, there are only 10 remaining native speakers in
Honduras.
3269:
3196:
287:
342:
259:" of Mayan languages. Chʼortiʼ is an important tool for interpreting the contents of Maya glyphic writings, some of which are not yet fully understood. For several years, many linguists and anthropologists expected to grasp the Chʼortiʼ culture and language by studying its words and expressions. Chʼortiʼ is spoken mainly in and around
1058:
The aspectual system of Chʼortiʼ language changed to a tripartite pronominal system which comes with different morphemes used for the subject of transitive verbs, the object of transitive verbs and the subject of intransitive completive verbs, and a third set of pronouns only used for the subject of
366:
The government of
Guatemala has been more supportive of Chʼorti speakers and has promoted programs that encourage the learning and teaching of Chʼorti. The Chʼorti's in Guatemala wear traditional clothing, unlike their counterparts in Honduras, who wear modern-day clothing. Currently there are about
357:
The government of
Honduras has been trying to promote a uniform national language of Spanish, and therefore discourages the use and teaching of native languages such as Chʼorti. The Chʼortiʼ people in Honduras face homogenization and have to assimilate to their surroundings. The government has been
375:
The majority of Chʼortiʼ live in the
Chiquimula Department of Guatemala, approximately 52,000. The remaining 4,000 live in Copán, Honduras. The Kʼicheʼ Maya however, dominated the Chʼortiʼ dating back to the early fifteenth century. Warfare as well as disease devastated much of the Chʼortiʼ during
1026:
When two vowels are put together in Chʼortiʼ the second vowel always takes precedence and then is always followed by a glottal stop. Chʼortiʼ doesn't have any long vowels. According to historians, long vowels occur in
Classical Mayan, but have been lost in modern Chʼortiʼ.
314:(also known as Mayan Glyphs). The language of the Mayan Glyphs is described as 'Classic Chʼoltiʼan' by John Robertson, David Stuart, and Stephen Houston. The language of the Mayan script is thus the ancestor of Chʼortiʼ. The relationship is shown in the chart below.
376:
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Much of their land was lost to the
Guatemalan government in the nineteenth century as well. More recently, 25 percent of the Guatemalan Chʼortiʼ went to the United States during the 1980s to escape political persecution.
294:
The name Chʼortiʼ (with unglottalized <ch>) means 'language of the corn farmers', a reference to the traditional agricultural activity of Chʼortiʼ families. It is one of the three modern descendants of the Chʼolan language, which constitute a sub-group of
348:
This region is the only region in the world that Chʼorti speakers can be found. Although the area is completely shaded in, the majority of speakers reside in
Guatemala, while the rest are sparsely distributed throughout the rest of the area.
1634:
According to "A Dictionary of Chʼortiʼ Maya, Guatemala" by Kerry Hull, some words may be used as nouns (as shown above) or can double as a verb as well. For example "Witzir" can mean mountain as a noun, or 'to go uphill' as a verb.
283:. Because the Classic Mayan language was ancestral to the modern Chʼorti, it can be used to decipher the ancient language. Researchers realized that the ancient language was based more on phonetics than previously thought.
319:
1266:
In the Chʼortiʼ language and other Mayan sentences it always starts with verbs but also there are agents or patients added and in which they are commonly represented by the acronym VOS, meaning
333:, one of the cultural capitals of the ancient Maya area. This covers parts of modern-day Honduras and Guatemala. Chʼorti is considered an endangered language as well as an endangered culture.
2293:• McAnany, Patricia, and Shoshaunna Parks. "Casualties of Heritage Distancing Children, Chʼortiʼ Indigeneity, and the Copan Archaeoscape." Current Anthropology 53.1 (2012): 80–107. Print.
290:
A map showing the present-day locations of the Mayan
Languages. The colors of the language names show closely-related groups. The size of the name shows the relative number of speakers.
1273:
In most of the Chʼortiʼ language there are phrases surrounding transitive verbs and they are order subject first (first-most) and it's followed by the verb then the object (SVO).
3545:
2306:
2543:
310:
There are some debates among scholars about how Chʼolan should be classified. John
Robertson considered the direct ancestor of colonial Chʼoltiʼ to be the language of the
3575:
3232:
3570:
3075:
384:
The Chʼortiʼ have their own standard way of writing their language. However, inaccurate ways to represent phonemes led to some variation among recent publications.
247:
were written. Chʼortiʼ is the modern version of the ancient Mayan language Chʼolan (which was actively used and most popular between the years of A.D 250 and 850).
318:
367:
55,250 Chʼorti speakers in
Guatemala. Even though Guatemala has established Spanish as its official language, it supports the teaching of these native languages.
307:. These three descendants are still spoken today. Chʼortiʼ and Chʼolti are two sub-branches belonging to Eastern Chʼolan; Chʼolti is, however, already extinct.
1426:
Chʼortiʼ has many other different forms, in the following sentence the words that appear to be bold is a preposition and underline one is a relational noun.
2576:
828:. Classic Mayan differentiated between the two. This differentiation can be seen in some Chʼortiʼ literature, such as with the texts by Wisdom.
3225:
774:
3068:
2332:
754:
2310:
665:
2224:
Houston, S, J Robertson, and D Stuart. "The language of Classic Maya inscriptions." Current Anthropology 41.3 (2000): 321–356. Print.
2535:
2030:
These are the only instances encountered. It is worthy of notice that ixkaʼr "wife", chʼurkabʼ "baby" and ar "offspring" take -ob'.
3565:
1030:
In Chʼortiʼ language, aa or a꞉ is used as aʼ or Aʼ, we can see this pattern with all vowel clusters including eʼ, Iʼ, oʼ and uʼ.
698:
630:
1328:
The adjective works together with the nouns as a modifier formed with a noun phrase that plays some syntactic role, object etc.
3595:
3580:
3218:
898:
188:
3590:
3585:
3061:
835:
The consonants of Chʼortiʼ include glottal stop , b, bʼ, ch, chʼ, d, g, j, k, kʼ, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, tʼ, tz, tzʼ, w, x, y.
2383:
Pérez Martínez, Vitalino(1994) Gramática del idioma chʼortíʼ. Antigua, Guatemala: Proyecto Lingüístico Francisco Marroquín.
2569:
2522:
2546:, containing several hundred recordings of Chʼortiʼ made between 1964 and 1967 in Guatemala, field notes and photographs.
2481:
905:
688:
620:
174:
2261:
877:
823:
655:
2307:"Minority Rights Group International : Honduras : Lenca, Miskitu, Tawahka, Pech, Maya, Chortis and Xicaque"
919:
764:
482:
472:
3181:
815:
708:
523:
3355:
2793:
2235:
3560:
3527:
2562:
884:
198:
3332:
2747:
3600:
3398:
3114:
3028:
2956:
2706:
577:
565:
494:
3241:
3176:
2767:
2602:
533:
407:
3378:
2909:
2532:
3487:
3084:
3021:
2997:
2695:
2659:
729:
442:
432:
300:
236:
129:
3413:
3393:
2940:
2919:
232:
69:
3014:
2680:
2128:
1997:
1949:
1894:
1843:
821:
813:
591:
104:
3532:
3428:
3403:
3160:
2961:
2618:
2593:
1267:
646:
545:
516:
419:
1091:
3383:
3365:
3322:
3255:
2914:
2889:
402:
397:
2809:
2033:
obʼ is a general plural. The suffix can be found in nouns, verbs, adjectives, and participials.
3477:
3462:
3436:
3418:
3408:
3350:
3317:
3302:
3119:
2971:
2966:
2875:
2849:
2788:
2700:
2654:
2633:
557:
304:
2340:
3497:
3472:
3467:
3388:
3294:
3274:
3129:
3098:
2935:
2834:
2733:
2728:
2608:
2430:
797:
17:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3482:
3340:
3200:
2783:
2585:
2539:
721:
426:
414:
296:
96:
88:
3441:
3139:
3124:
3044:
2989:
2638:
2418:
2090:
224:
166:
3554:
3373:
3345:
3307:
3134:
2904:
2854:
2762:
2360:
2108:
2086:
1981:
1930:
1926:
1879:
1875:
1824:
610:
465:
256:
240:
2419:"Split Ergativity In The History Of The Chʼolan Branch Of The Mayan Language Family"
3312:
3144:
2870:
2393:
2276:
504:
311:
228:
286:
1785:
Examples of inflected verbs from Isidro González's stories (John Fought, 1972):
871:
859:
746:
341:
244:
179:
49:
1512:
The following list contains examples of common words in the Chʼortiʼ language:
3264:
2527:
2201:
2196:
913:
864:
268:
264:
260:
2549:
892:
680:
605:
272:
159:
143:
41:
329:
The Chʼortiʼ people are descendants of the people who lived in and around
150:
3210:
2333:"Copan: Collaboration for Identity, Equity and Sustainability (Honduras)"
330:
280:
276:
206:
194:
59:
45:
3053:
2494:
Quizar, Robin. 1994. "Motion Verbs in Chʼortiʼ." Función 15–16. 211–229.
2023:
max-tak "children, young ones, family" (max does not occur without -tak)
459:
202:
2309:. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples. Archived from
2262:"Verbal art and performance in Chʼortiʼ and Maya hieroglyphic writing"
2339:. Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). Archived from
2243:
2076:
2434:
2554:
1154:
1099:
340:
285:
2122:
DEF.ART bird-3.PL PROG {3A-pull up-THEM-3.PL} {1A.SG-maize plant}
2112:
3214:
3057:
2558:
2149:
2098:
2066:
1934:
1828:
1481:
1216:
2145:
2094:
2062:
1220:
1158:
1103:
1095:
812:
has two pronunciations, as either a voiceless velar fricative
1062:
Chʼortiʼ tripartite pronominal system (data from Hull 2005)
2047:
235:
or Chʼortiʼ Maya. Chʼortiʼ is a direct descendant of the
205:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2394:"Chorti Maya Pronunciation Guide, Alphabet and Phonology"
2051:
1331:
Predicative adjective indicate the size, color or state
2417:
Law, Danny; Robertson, John; Houston, Stephen (2006).
2544:
Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
2301:
2299:
2236:"'Lost' Sacred Language of the Maya Is Rediscovered"
1270:. The following rules apply VSO, SVO, SOV,OVS, OSV.
3520:
3450:
3427:
3364:
3331:
3293:
3284:
3248:
3169:
3153:
3107:
3091:
3006:
2988:
2949:
2928:
2897:
2888:
2863:
2842:
2833:
2826:
2802:
2776:
2755:
2746:
2721:
2688:
2679:
2672:
2647:
2626:
2617:
2592:
2523:
Online version of Wisdom's Chorti Dictionary (1950)
2331:Chenier, Jacqueline; Sherwood, Steve (2013-10-27).
275:, as well as in adjacent areas of parts of western
173:
157:
141:
136:
122:
85:
75:
65:
55:
37:
32:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2255:
2253:
1033:Some examples of words with vowel clusters are꞉
2174:small-3.PL {small variety of} {gourd container}
3226:
3069:
2570:
2429:(4). University of Texas at Austin: 415–450.
2423:International Journal of American Linguistics
2177:And then come two little gourds,... (f330040)
8:
2354:
2352:
2350:
1503:"The horse passed in front of the children"
1131:'The boy chops the wood (into tiny pieces)'
3290:
3233:
3219:
3211:
3076:
3062:
3054:
2894:
2839:
2830:
2752:
2685:
2676:
2623:
2577:
2563:
2555:
2528:Oral Histories of the Chʼortiʼ Maya (2011)
2361:"A Dictionary of Chʼortiʼ Maya, Guatemala"
29:
2533:Mayan Languages Collection of John Fought
1500:The horse passed in.front.of the child-PL
928:The vowels consist of a, e, i, o, and u.
2482:"The grammar of Chʼortiʼ Maya Folktales"
1787:
1647:
1514:
935:
853:
796:/b/, /d/ and /ɡ/ usually only appear in
391:
337:Geographic location of Chʼortiʼ speakers
27:Mayan language spoken in Central America
3576:Indigenous languages of Central America
2189:
789:
199:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2277:"Maya Hieroglyphs and Mayan Languages"
2016:Tak is plural for women and childrenʼ
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2379:
2377:
2125:The birds are pulling my maize plant.
251:Relationship to other Mayan languages
7:
2264:. The University of Texas at Austin.
1324:Adjectives with attributive function
2550:Information about Chʼortiʼ language
2119:e mut-obʼ war u-bʼax-i-obʼ ni-jinaj
2127:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1996:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1948:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1893:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1842:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
371:Ethnonyms: Cholotí, Chorté, Chortí
25:
1254:def sun C-1-go.out prep going sun
1186:'The tomato turned out delicious'
1059:incompletive intransitive verbs.
918:
904:
897:
883:
876:
820:or a voiceless glottal fricative
773:
763:
753:
728:
707:
697:
687:
664:
654:
629:
619:
590:
576:
564:
544:
532:
522:
503:
493:
481:
471:
441:
431:
255:Chʼortiʼ can be called a living "
231:people who are also known as the
3267:
3194:
317:
2506:A CHʼORTIʼ MORPHOLOGICAL SKETCH
2457:"GRAMÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA Chʼortiʼ"
964:Like regular a but held longer
2040:e mutobʼ war ubʼaxyobʼ nijinaj
1:
3571:Verb–object–subject languages
2480:Dugan, James (May 20, 2013).
2275:Mathews, Peter; Bíró, Péter.
1649:Verb Inflections in Chʼortiʼ
1251:e kʼin a-lokʼoy ta ixner kʼin
1128:def boy A-3-chop-B-3 def wood
1420:{I am selling} green tomato
1368:{E bʼikʼit} yurwobʼ chamobʼ
1319:"Grandma sells vegetables."
1183:sweet go.out-B-3 def tomato
1046:Tunoʼron = everyone, todos
18:Ch'orti' language
3617:
2455:Pérez, Lauro (2004–2008).
2234:Keys, David (2003-12-07).
2020:ijchʼok-tak "little girls"
1257:'The sun sets in the west'
1040:Weʼr = meat, carne
3262:
3190:
3182:Bay Islands Sign Language
3038:
2337:srdis.ciesin.columbia.edu
2036:Examples on possessives:
1789:Verb Inflection Examples
1746:
1709:
1672:
1653:
1192:Intransitive incompletive
917:
745:
720:
679:
604:
502:
458:
425:
394:
380:Phonology and orthography
185:
3528:Guatemalan Sign Language
2504:Wichmann, Søren (1999).
2398:www.native-languages.org
1414:inchoni {e yaxax} pe'ych
1374:{The little} chicks died
1316:sells vegetables grandma
1180:intzaj lokʼoy-Ø e peʼych
1020:Like u only held longer
1006:Like o only held longer
992:Like i only held longer
978:Like e only held longer
3566:Agglutinative languages
2260:Hull, Kerry M. (2003).
2207:(subscription required)
1137:Intransitive completive
950:Chʼortiʼ pronunciation
243:inscriptions using the
3596:Mesoamerican languages
3581:Languages of Guatemala
3242:Languages of Guatemala
3177:Honduran Sign Language
1125:e sitzʼ u-buyi-Ø e siʼ
1043:Bʼiʼx = seed, semilla
345:
291:
187:This article contains
3591:Languages of Honduras
3586:Chiquimula Department
3085:Languages of Honduras
2777:Qʼanjobʼalan–Jakaltek
344:
325:Language Endangerment
289:
239:in which many of the
237:Classic Maya language
3108:Indigenous languages
2359:Hull, Kerry (2005).
2171:Yar-obʼ bʼikʼit ruch
1946:“they guard over it”
1310:Uchoni {e kar} enoya
944:Sometimes also used
299:. The other two are
3533:Mayan Sign Language
3201:Honduras portal
3161:Bay Islands English
2748:Qʼanjobalan–Chujean
2137:Yarobʼ bʼikʼit ruch
1790:
1650:
1517:
1508:Vocabulary Examples
1417:verb adjective noun
1371:adjective noun verb
1313:verb object subject
1268:verb-object-subject
1049:Kuʼm = egg, huevo
937:
670:⟨chʼ⟩
660:⟨tzʼ⟩
3546:Linguamón Ch'orti'
2538:2020-09-26 at the
2281:research.famsi.org
1788:
1648:
1515:
941:Characters we use
936:
635:⟨ch⟩
625:⟨tz⟩
550:⟨kʼ⟩
538:⟨tʼ⟩
528:⟨bʼ⟩
346:
292:
81:30,000 (2000)
3541:
3540:
3516:
3515:
3249:Official language
3208:
3207:
3092:Official language
3051:
3050:
3045:extinct languages
3029:Classical Kʼicheʼ
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2884:
2883:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2742:
2741:
2668:
2667:
2205:(18th ed., 2015)
2007:
2006:
1794:Uninflected Verb
1783:
1782:
1632:
1631:
1037:Jaʼx = Her, ella
1024:
1023:
926:
925:
844:⟨y⟩
840:⟨w⟩
810:⟨j⟩
786:
785:
779:⟨w⟩
769:⟨y⟩
759:⟨l⟩
734:⟨r⟩
713:⟨j⟩
703:⟨x⟩
693:⟨s⟩
649:
613:
596:⟨g⟩
582:⟨d⟩
570:⟨b⟩
560:
519:
509:⟨ʼ⟩
499:⟨k⟩
487:⟨t⟩
477:⟨p⟩
468:
447:⟨n⟩
437:⟨m⟩
217:Chʼortiʼ language
213:
212:
195:rendering support
191:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
3608:
3291:
3277:
3275:Guatemala portal
3272:
3271:
3270:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3055:
2895:
2890:Greater Quichean
2840:
2831:
2753:
2686:
2681:Cholan–Tzeltalan
2677:
2648:Yucatec–Lacandon
2624:
2609:Huastec (Wastek)
2579:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2510:
2509:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2461:
2452:
2439:
2438:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2356:
2345:
2344:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2303:
2294:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2242:. Archived from
2231:
2225:
2222:
2209:
2208:
2194:
2159:small variety of
2151:
2147:
2132:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2068:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2026:ixik-tak "women"
2001:
1983:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1898:
1881:
1877:
1847:
1830:
1826:
1791:
1770:
1754:
1733:
1717:
1696:
1680:
1651:
1518:
1483:
1262:Basic word order
1222:
1218:
1160:
1156:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
938:
922:
908:
901:
887:
880:
854:
846:are semivowels.
845:
841:
829:
827:
819:
811:
807:
801:
794:
780:
777:
770:
767:
760:
757:
735:
732:
714:
711:
704:
701:
694:
691:
671:
668:
661:
658:
645:
636:
633:
626:
623:
611:
597:
594:
583:
580:
571:
568:
556:
551:
548:
539:
536:
529:
526:
515:
510:
507:
500:
497:
488:
485:
478:
475:
464:
448:
445:
438:
435:
392:
321:
227:, spoken by the
219:(sometimes also
169:
153:
146:
101:Cholan–Tzeltalan
91:
30:
21:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3561:Mayan languages
3551:
3550:
3542:
3537:
3512:
3446:
3423:
3360:
3327:
3286:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3244:
3239:
3209:
3204:
3195:
3193:
3186:
3165:
3154:Other languages
3149:
3103:
3087:
3082:
3052:
3047:
3034:
3002:
2976:
2945:
2924:
2898:Quichean proper
2880:
2859:
2814:
2798:
2772:
2738:
2717:
2664:
2643:
2613:
2588:
2586:Mayan languages
2583:
2540:Wayback Machine
2519:
2514:
2513:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2169:
2167:gourd container
2161:
2153:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2117:
2102:
2080:
2070:
2055:
2041:
2014:
2003:
1995:
1986:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1917:
1910:
1900:
1892:
1883:
1866:
1859:
1849:
1841:
1832:
1814:
1807:
1797:Inflected Verb
1768:
1752:
1748:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1694:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1646:
1644:Verb inflection
1641:
1510:
1505:
1485:
1474:
1466:
1456:
1448:
1438:
1424:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1355:
1344:
1326:
1321:
1308:
1297:
1286:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1241:
1233:
1225:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1170:
1162:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1056:
934:
852:
843:
839:
833:
832:
809:
808:
804:
795:
791:
778:
768:
758:
733:
712:
702:
692:
669:
659:
634:
624:
595:
581:
569:
549:
537:
527:
508:
498:
486:
476:
446:
436:
409:
390:
382:
373:
364:
355:
339:
327:
297:Mayan languages
253:
229:indigenous Maya
193:Without proper
165:
149:
142:
132:
125:
118:
92:
89:Language family
87:
78:
77:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3521:Sign languages
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3170:Sign languages
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2990:Mixed language
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2517:External links
2515:
2512:
2511:
2508:. p. 153.
2496:
2487:
2472:
2440:
2435:10.1086/513056
2409:
2385:
2373:
2346:
2343:on 2007-06-14.
2323:
2295:
2286:
2267:
2249:
2246:on 2003-12-19.
2240:mayanmajix.com
2226:
2210:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2162:
2154:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2103:
2081:
2071:
2056:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1943:E3-guard-A3-PL
1921:
1920:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1509:
1506:
1475:
1467:
1457:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1428:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1379:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1260:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1211:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1171:
1163:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1116:
1108:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
933:
932:Vowel clusters
930:
924:
923:
916:
910:
909:
902:
895:
889:
888:
881:
874:
868:
867:
862:
857:
851:
848:
831:
830:
802:
788:
787:
784:
783:
781:
771:
761:
751:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
736:
726:
724:
718:
717:
715:
705:
695:
685:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
662:
652:
650:
642:
641:
639:
637:
627:
617:
615:
608:
602:
601:
599:
587:
585:
573:
561:
553:
552:
542:
540:
530:
520:
512:
511:
501:
491:
489:
479:
469:
462:
456:
455:
453:
451:
449:
439:
429:
423:
422:
417:
412:
405:
400:
395:
389:
386:
381:
378:
372:
369:
363:
360:
354:
351:
338:
335:
326:
323:
252:
249:
225:Mayan language
211:
210:
197:, you may see
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
163:
155:
154:
147:
139:
138:
137:Language codes
134:
133:
128:
126:
123:
120:
119:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
95:
93:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
39:
38:Native to
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3613:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3265:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:Mamean proper
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:Mototzintleco
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:Chicomuceltec
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2473:
2458:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2313:on 2013-10-29
2312:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2142:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2054:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:Common Words
1513:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
967:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
939:
931:
929:
921:
915:
912:
911:
907:
903:
900:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
882:
879:
875:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:
849:
847:
836:
825:
817:
806:
803:
799:
793:
790:
782:
776:
772:
766:
762:
756:
752:
750:
748:
744:
741:
739:
737:
731:
727:
725:
723:
719:
716:
710:
706:
700:
696:
690:
686:
684:
682:
678:
675:
673:
667:
663:
657:
653:
651:
648:
644:
643:
640:
638:
632:
628:
622:
618:
616:
614:
609:
607:
603:
600:
593:
588:
586:
579:
574:
567:
562:
559:
555:
554:
547:
543:
541:
535:
531:
525:
521:
518:
514:
513:
506:
496:
492:
490:
484:
480:
474:
470:
467:
463:
461:
457:
454:
452:
450:
444:
440:
434:
430:
428:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
393:
387:
385:
379:
377:
370:
368:
361:
359:
352:
350:
343:
336:
334:
332:
324:
322:
320:
315:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
288:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Rosetta Stone
250:
248:
246:
242:
241:pre-Columbian
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
190:
184:
181:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
162:
161:
156:
152:
148:
145:
140:
135:
131:
127:
121:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
94:
90:
84:
80:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3488:Plautdietsch
3457:
3192:
3040:
3027:
3022:Classic Maya
3020:
3013:
2998:Cauque Mayan
2712:
2705:
2660:Yucatec Maya
2601:
2505:
2499:
2490:
2475:
2465:November 17,
2463:. Retrieved
2426:
2422:
2412:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:
2388:
2367:
2341:the original
2336:
2326:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2289:
2280:
2270:
2244:the original
2239:
2229:
2200:
2192:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2143:
2140:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:-maize plant
2107:
2104:
2085:
2083:u-bʼax-i-obʼ
2082:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2015:
2008:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1925:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1891:“he sees it”
1890:
1887:
1884:
1874:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1822:
1819:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1784:
1633:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:I am selling
1387:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1032:
1029:
1025:
927:
837:
834:
805:
792:
383:
374:
365:
356:
347:
328:
316:
312:Mayan script
309:
293:
271:department,
254:
220:
216:
214:
186:
158:
130:Classic Maya
109:
3409:Sipakapense
3333:Qʼanjobalan
3323:Chalchiteco
3015:Proto-Mayan
2967:Sipakapense
2012:Possessions
1840:"they went"
1464:in.front.of
947:IPA symbol
800:loan words.
747:Approximant
281:Copán Ruins
245:Maya script
201:instead of
50:El Salvador
3555:Categories
3404:Sakapultek
3356:Qʼanjobʼal
3285:Indigenous
2962:Sakapultek
2794:Qʼanjobʼal
2768:Tojolabʼal
2627:Mopan–Itza
2403:2020-12-17
2317:2013-10-25
2202:Ethnologue
2184:References
1915:“to guard”
1779:aʼ...-obʼ
1773:u-...-obʼ
1666:Subjective
1661:Absolutive
1639:Morphology
1342:The little
1295:vegetables
1067:Transitive
1014:ū, uꞏ, u꞉
1000:ō, oꞏ, o꞉
986:ī, iꞏ, i꞉
972:ē, eꞏ, e꞉
958:ā, aꞏ, a꞉
388:Consonants
269:Chiquimula
124:Early form
3429:Yucatecan
3414:Tzʼutujil
3394:Poqomchiʼ
3384:Kaqchikel
3287:languages
3043:indicate
2941:Poqomchiʼ
2920:Tzʼutujil
2915:Kaqchikel
2722:Tzeltalan
2619:Yucatecan
2594:Huastecan
2368:FAMSI.org
2089:-pull up-
1994:“he goes”
1888:E3-see-A3
1530:Chʼortiʼ
1497:e max-tak
1396:adjective
1339:adjective
1336:E bʼikʼit
681:Fricative
647:glottalic
612:voiceless
606:Affricate
517:glottalic
466:voiceless
362:Guatemala
279:near the
273:Guatemala
160:Glottolog
144:ISO 639-3
66:Ethnicity
42:Guatemala
3601:Chʼortiʼ
3493:Lebanese
3478:Japanese
3463:Garifuna
3419:Uspantek
3399:Qʼeqchiʼ
3366:Quichean
3351:Jakaltek
3318:Tektitek
3303:Awaketek
3120:Garifuna
2972:Uspantek
2876:Tektitek
2850:Awakatek
2789:Jakaltek
2713:Chʼortiʼ
2707:Chʼoltiʼ
2655:Lacandon
2536:Archived
2197:Chʼortiʼ
2105:ni-jinaj
1940:ukojkobʼ
1923:ukojkobʼ
1864:“to see”
1837:go-A3-PL
1753:singular
1716:singular
1683:in-/ni-
1679:singular
1668:(Set C)
1663:(Set B)
1658:(Set A)
1656:Ergative
1625:mountain
1605:beverage
1524:Chʼortiʼ
1213:a-lokʼoy
1150:lokʼoy-Ø
1088:u-buyi-Ø
410:alveolar
403:Alveolar
398:Bilabial
353:Honduras
277:Honduras
233:Chʼortiʼ
207:Help:IPA
180:Ch'orti'
167:chor1273
110:Chʼortiʼ
70:Chʼortiʼ
46:Honduras
33:Chʼortiʼ
3498:Italian
3473:Chinese
3458:Chʼorti
3389:Poqomam
3379:Kʼicheʼ
3256:Spanish
3145:Tolupan
3130:Miskito
3115:Ch'orti
3099:Spanish
3041:Italics
3007:History
2957:Qʼeqchi
2936:Poqomam
2910:Kʼicheʼ
2843:Ixilean
2827:Eastern
2756:Chujean
2734:Tzotzil
2729:Tzeltal
2696:Chontal
2673:Western
2542:at the
2156:bʼikʼit
2141:Yar-obʼ
2058:mut-obʼ
1970:“to go”
1929:-guard-
1834:ixinobʼ
1820:ixinobʼ
1812:"to go"
1749:person
1712:person
1675:person
1628:witzir
1600:winik'
1586:noxibʼ
1583:husband
1544:kʼajkʼ
1527:English
1521:English
1477:max-tak
1393:e yaxax
1382:inchoni
1358:chamobʼ
1347:yurwobʼ
1306:grandma
1303:subject
1223:-go.out
1153:go.out-
798:Spanish
460:Plosive
420:Glottal
301:Chontal
265:Camotán
261:Jocotán
223:) is a
203:Unicode
3508:Romani
3503:French
3483:Korean
3341:Akatek
3295:Mamean
2950:others
2835:Mamean
2810:Mochoʼ
2784:Akatek
2144:small-
1769:plural
1732:plural
1695:plural
1572:tukʼa
1493:numuy
1480:child-
1454:passed
1410:tomato
1404:pe'ych
1353:chicks
1292:object
1278:Uchoni
1176:tomato
1173:peʼych
1142:intzaj
1098:-chop-
1054:Syntax
850:Vowels
558:voiced
221:Chorti
105:Cholan
56:Region
3468:Xinca
3451:Other
3442:Mopan
3437:Itzaʼ
3125:Lenca
2929:Poqom
2701:Chʼol
2689:Chʼol
2639:Mopan
2634:Itzaʼ
2460:(PDF)
2364:(PDF)
2061:bird-
1991:S3-go
1988:aʼxin
1978:aʼxin
1912:kojko
1908:kojko
1885:uwira
1878:-see-
1872:uwira
1776:-obʼ
1619:earth
1608:uchʼe
1580:txʼiʼ
1566:insis
1558:tara
1538:nixiʼ
1451:numuy
1446:horse
1399:green
1300:enoya
1289:e kar
1284:sells
1239:going
1236:ixner
1145:sweet
1080:sitzʼ
872:Close
860:Front
826:]
822:[
818:]
814:[
722:Trill
427:Nasal
415:Velar
408:Post-
331:Copán
305:Chʼol
97:Mayan
60:Copán
3374:Achi
3346:Chuj
3308:Ixil
3140:Sumo
3135:Pech
2905:Achi
2855:Ixil
2763:Chuj
2467:2020
2164:ruch
2129:help
2091:THEM
2077:PROG
1998:help
1967:ixin
1963:ixin
1950:help
1895:help
1844:help
1809:ixin
1805:ixin
1742:ix-
1739:-ox
1723:-et
1705:ka-
1702:-on
1699:ka-
1689:in-
1686:-en
1611:moon
1594:kʼin
1569:what
1563:cold
1555:here
1549:bird
1541:fire
1495:tu't
1491:chij
1460:tu't
1442:chij
1407:noun
1385:verb
1364:died
1361:verb
1350:noun
1281:verb
1244:kʼin
1231:prep
1205:kʼin
1121:wood
914:Open
865:Back
842:and
838:The
303:and
263:and
215:The
3313:Mam
2871:Mam
2431:doi
2199:at
2073:war
2052:ART
2048:DEF
1984:-go
1861:ira
1857:ira
1823:go-
1763:a-
1760:-Ø
1757:u-
1747:3rd
1736:i-
1726:i-
1720:a-
1710:2nd
1673:1st
1622:rum
1614:uj
1597:man
1591:day
1577:dog
1552:mut
1535:big
1472:the
1436:The
1247:sun
1208:sun
1200:def
1168:def
1118:siʼ
1113:def
1083:boy
1075:def
1011:uu
997:oo
983:ii
969:ee
955:aa
893:Mid
666:tʃʼ
656:tsʼ
189:IPA
175:ELP
151:caa
3557::
2443:^
2427:72
2425:.
2421:.
2396:.
2376:^
2366:.
2349:^
2335:.
2298:^
2279:.
2252:^
2238:.
2213:^
2150:PL
2131:);
2113:SG
2109:1A
2099:PL
2087:3A
2067:PL
2000:);
1982:S3
1952:);
1935:PL
1931:A3
1927:E3
1897:);
1880:A3
1876:E3
1846:);
1829:PL
1825:A3
1482:PL
1228:ta
1017:u
1003:o
989:i
975:e
961:a
631:tʃ
621:ts
598:)
584:)
572:)
546:kʼ
534:tʼ
267:,
48:,
44:,
3234:e
3227:t
3220:v
3077:e
3070:t
3063:v
2578:e
2571:t
2564:v
2484:.
2469:.
2437:.
2433::
2406:.
2370:.
2320:.
2283:.
2148:.
2146:3
2111:.
2097:.
2095:3
2093:-
2065:.
2063:3
2050:.
2044:e
1933:-
1827:-
1488:E
1469:e
1432:E
1221:1
1219:-
1217:C
1197:e
1165:e
1159:3
1157:-
1155:B
1110:e
1104:3
1102:-
1100:B
1096:3
1094:-
1092:A
1072:e
920:a
906:o
899:e
885:u
878:i
824:h
816:x
775:w
765:j
755:l
730:r
709:x
699:ʃ
689:s
592:ɡ
589:(
578:d
575:(
566:b
563:(
524:ɓ
505:ʔ
495:k
483:t
473:p
443:n
433:m
209:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.