733:
874:(r. 1388–1398). Quý Ly installed a group of scholars to the court who were loyal to him. In 1389, rebellion erupted in Thanh Hoá against Quý Ly, disturbances in Dai Viet that prompted a new Cham invasion. Chế Bồng Nga together with Nguyên Diệu, a prince who defected to the Cham, led a hundred warships advanced into Thanh Hoá, attempted to get rid of Đại Việt once and forever. In northwest of Hanoi, a Buddhist monk raised a rebellion against the Trần dynasty, forcing the Trần kings and royal members to escape to the north as rebels flooded into Hanoi. Nguyễn Đa Phương committed suicide.
855:
48:
802:, met little resistance, and sacked Hanoi in late 1377, gaining control of vast territories including Thanh Hoá and Nghệ An, marked the apex of the Cham Empire. In early 1378 the pro-Cham Prince Trần Húc appeared in Nghệ An, claiming to be king of Đại Việt. He and Chế Bồng Nga rallied with people from southern provinces under Cham occupation, together with Cham force overran Đỗ Tử Bình, besieged and took Hanoi for the third time, pillaged the city. They forced the king
786:. Duệ Tông saw a deserted encampment, where one of Duệ Tông's officers had informed him that it could be a trap of Chế Bồng Nga. Duệ Tông ignored the officer and continued to advance forward into the Vijaya citadel, where Chế Bồng Nga and his army ambushed the Viet army. Southerners in the Viet army turned and defected to the Cham. Duệ Tông's army was smashed into an undisciplined mob while he and three generals were slain during the chaos. The
624:
1000:(r.1401–1407) who has Trần bloodline as king and he became the senior king. Quý Ly immediately mobilized an army of 15,000 men to invade Champa in Amaravati, but was forced to turn back due to floods. In 1402 Hồ Hán Thương and some former Cham generals launched several incursions into Amaravati, forcing Indravarman VI to ceded four regions Thăng, Hoa, Tư, and Nghĩa and Tân Ninh highlands to the Dai Ngu.
983:
881:, rallied his troops on Hải Triều River in southern Red River Delta, to make a last stand in early 1390. A surrendered low-rank Cham officer helped the Vietnamese identify Chế Bồng Nga's flagship among several hundred. Trần Khát Chân ordered troops firing a volley of fire from handheld muskets concentrated at the Cham king's ship. Chế Bồng Nga was killed and the prince took his head as war booty. When
1362:
481:, a man not from the Trần dynasty, which then triggered a short and deadly succession war in the capital. Dương Nhật Lễ was deposed and executed in the next year as the Trần family regained the mandate. Nhật Lễ's mother fled to Champa. Seeking revenge against the Trần family, she recommended to Chế Bồng Nga to launch an invasion of Đại Việt. In 1371 he led a fleet through the
941:). With gunpowder, the Vietnamese had saved their state from the brink of dismantling. The Cham sacks of Hanoi also demoralized Dai Viet's aristocracy and Confucians, giving space to a new Confucian literati class, rivaling traditional Buddhist culture and aristocratic governance, which would dominate the Vietnamese court in the next century under the patron of
1348:
781:
assembled a massive army of 120,000 men with support from Nghệ An, Quảng Bình and Thuận Hoá, ready for a counterattack. Hồ Quý Ly was responsible for transporting supplies and army from Nghệ An, Tân Bình and Thuận Hoá, while general Đỗ Tử Bình commanded the army. In early 1377, Champa initially tried
969:
abandoned most of his previous ruler's conquered lands. Champa gradually declined. Simhavarman V also failed to have recognition from the Ming. The Ming
Emperor viewed La Khai as the usurper who assassinated Chế Bồng Nga, and refused to receive his tribute, along with Vietnamese tribute. La Khai was
810:
reappeared on the frontline. To refill the empty treasure that was needed to train, equip, and supply soldiers, Quý Ly and a group of men increased the taxes per household and military manpower. Royal family owning lands were distributed equally per peasant to maximize the war effort, still the Viet
1010:
in a desire to "attack Champa and conquer all the land south to the border of Siam," Hán Thương provoked a new war with Champa in 1403. 200,000 troops, an obvious exaggerated and controversial number, led by Hán Thương laid an unsuccessful siege of Vijaya which lasted for nine months. In contrast,
1028:
claimed that Hán Thương raided his country in mid-1404, occupying a place called Sa Ly Nha (沙離牙) and seizing the king's (Ming) ceremonial costume; the Ming demanded that Đại Việt ceasing hostility against Champa. For the entry of 1406, the Ming accused the Hồ for invading
Jiuzhou (Amaravati) and
681:
as he dispatched the first embassy and sent tribute to the Ming court. Champa for a long time perhaps had a well-established connection with the Muslim trade and the
Maritime Southeast Asian world, although the Majapahit considered the Vietnamese polity "highly respected as a very close ally."
748:(junior king) while himself served as the senior king. The Viet court then spent time to refortifying the ties with its southern mandalas of Thanh-Nghệ and securing the capital as reaction to the rising Champa of Chế Bồng Nga. In 1372 Chế Bồng Nga sent a letter to the
1056:
that eventually drove the
Chinese out of northern Vietnam and became king of restored Dai Viet in 1428. He established a good relation with Indravarman VI, both sent embassies and presents to each other. Lê Lợi's fourth grandson, the great king
949:
now was the most powerful figure in Đại Việt after the war. As the chief minister, he conducted a series of reforms without the king's approval, despite the country was in recovery from destruction. Quý Ly also had support from the old king
524:
that effectively stopped the Cham advance. By the end of the war, both states had exhausted their human and material resources and achieved very little while having sustained massive destruction. The Trần dynasty lost power in 1400 to
885:
learned that Chế Bồng Nga was dead, he commented: 'Bông Nga and I have been confronting for long but we did not get to see each other until today. Isn't this like that Han Gaozu saw the head of Xiang Yu! the country is pacified."
3006:
795:Đỗ Tử Bình abandoned the position and fled north for his life. The Chams captured Trần Húc, a Vietnamese prince. Chế Bồng Nga married off his daughter to Húc, and put the Prince in charge of a Cham army attack into Nghệ An.
1332:
Chế Bồng Nga was killed by
Vietnamese prince Trần Khát Chân who used firearms at a naval battle on Hải Triều River; the Cham army collapsed; General La Khai withdraw to Champa and proclaimed Jaya Simhavarman V; war ended.
962:(r. 1398–1400). In 1400 he deposed Thiếu Đế and proclaimed himself ruler, establishing his clan in royal positions, murdered Thuận Tông and suppressed the Trần aristocracy, dissents and families who allied with them.
756:(c. 1335–1408), a leader from Thanh-Nghệ, through beneficial royal contacts of his relatives, received a high military rank of the army, became the prominent figure of Đại Việt late 14th-century along with his rival
615:
in 1352 the Dai viet organized a naval assault on Champa, marching to Cổ Lũy (Quảng Ngãi), but failed when the Cham navy prevented them to link up with the supplies and were forced to turned back.
561:(r. 1288–1307) of Champa as a confirmation of their alliance. Chế Mân ceded two provinces of Ô and Lý to Đại Việt as the wedding gift. However Chế Mân soon died in the next year and Paramecvari
592:
in 1313, followed by Nguu Hong and Ai Lao in 1320s and 1330s. No inscription is known in Champa dating from 1307 to 1401, suggests a long decline of Indic Champa in the 14th century. T led by
910:, where he was proclaimed as Jaya Simhavarman V (r. 1390–1400) of a new dynasty while two Chế Bồng Nga's sons fled and took refuge in Đại Việt. The 23 years war eventually had ended in
699:
as the successor, although Nhật Lễ did not come from the royal family. In 1370, the Trần family launched a bloody coup that dethroned Dương Nhật Lễ. Prince Trần Phủ was crowned as
1024:
demanded him to stop raiding Champa. In 1404 Hán Thương again raided Champa, prompting the Ming empire for action. A 1405 memorial from Champa king
Indravarman VI attached in the
823:, while Quý Ly's force regained Nghệ An and executed a local leader who sided with the Cham. In 1382 they pushed an assault on Thanh Hoá by both land and sea, but was repulsed by
827:(?–1389), a local general and a protégé of Quý Ly. In early 1383 Hồ Quý Ly dispatched off a naval fleet advancing into Cham occupying territories, but was stopped by a storm.
1119:. The pedestals have been dated to the second half of the fourteenth century; many bear dates from 1364 to 1394, the period of the Chế Bồng Nga's campaign against the Viets.
866:
In 1387 Nghệ Tông returned to the capital and appointed Hồ Quý Ly as the chief minister. Rival faction in the court alleged against Quý Ly led the death of the reigning king
2453:——— (2011), "The Last Great King of Classical Southeast Asia: Che Bong Nga and Fourteenth Century Champa", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.),
247:
3000:
1005:
765:
610:
2806:
846:
and sought asylum at Bao Hoa Palace, while Chế Bồng Nga's soldiers once again ransacked Đại Việt's capital, occupying it for six months before their departure.
929:
The crisis and survival period of the late 14th century Đại Việt is proven deadly. War with Champa, internal rebellions, famines triggered by the war itself,
3137:
859:
677:, but was refused. In 1369, the Ming established relations with both Champa and Đại Việt. Chế Bồng Nga quickly placed his kingdom in the favor of the new
1029:
raiding Ban-da-lang, stealing 100 elephants from Champa, which were used by the Hồ to attack Zhan-sha and Li-ya, apparently two states bordering Champa.
933:, climate changes and disease, together combined decreased the Vietnamese population about 25% of total population (roughly 800,000 deaths, estimated by
661:
In 1368 Chế Bồng Nga sent envoys demanding Trần Dụ Tông the return of the two former provinces. The Trần king responded by sending an army attack into
2877:
1167:
Dương Nhật Lễ was dethroned and executed by Trần princes; Nhật Lễ's mother fled to Champa and begged Chế Bồng Nga to attack Đại Việt for her revenge.
3127:
2994:
2857:
2632:
1316:
A conspiracy against Hồ Quý Ly failed, Trần Phế Đế was dethroned and executed; a
Chinese embassy crossed Dai Viet and demanded Champa 50 elephants.
359:
2622:
782:
to negotiate, but corruption in
Vietnamese military leadership thwarted this effort. Trần Duệ Tông continued to march his army to Champa's capital
377:
372:
354:
349:
344:
327:
39:
2539:
954:
who trusted him to plant his reforms and gained control over the royal family. in
January 1395 Nghệ Tông died. In 1398 Quý Ly manipulated king
798:
Following the death of the Viet king, Chế Bồng Nga's mighty Chams pursued the disarrayed Viet troops forward north, rapidly advanced into the
2507:
2462:
2418:
2381:
2349:
2315:
2280:
2254:
834:, this time he chose the western route through mountains of eastern Laos and Thanh Hoá, bypassing Hồ Quý Ly's army. The Cham army approached
569:(r. 1307–1312), set out to recapture two districts ceded by Champa to Đại Việt. He was defeated and died a prisoner in Đại Việt. His brother
240:
2652:
819:
The Cham resumed raiding to Thanh Hoá in 1380, but was fend off by joint force of Hồ Quý Ly and Đỗ Tử Bình. The Cham retreated back to
2473:
Reconceptualizing
Southern Vietnamese History from the 15th to 18th Centuries: Competition along the Coasts from Guangdong to Cambodia
1245:
China threatened Trần Phế Đế for attacks on disputed Ming border territories; Phế Đế helped provision Ming troops fighting in Yunnan.
2982:
842:
sent a general who tried to hold off the Cham advance, but was defeated. Road to Hanoi laid open. Nghệ Tông fled to the north of the
493:) and sacked the city, and repeated three more times in 1378 and 1383. In 1377 he killed emperor Trần Duệ Tông (r. 1373–1377) at the
3092:
2575:
899:), the minister and general of Chế Bồng Nga, assassinated the Cham king in 1390, deposing the princes, then claiming himself king.
3087:
233:
792:
and later Jesuit histories also report a Trần king named Chen Tuan (陳煓) died in Champa in 1377 "after engaging in a major war."
732:
2872:
2642:
1062:
605:
512:
were introduced into warfare, which determined the decisive victory for the Vietnamese force over Cham force in the battle of
382:
3132:
2400:
Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.),
2842:
959:
339:
334:
2728:
703:(r. 1370–1372). Nhật Lễ's Queen mother, however, fled to Champa and urged Chế Bồng Nga to attack the Trần for her revenge.
3056:
2792:
1403:
Che Man is often identified with Jaya Simhavarman III ciy Harijit, who has commanded the resistance against Yuan invasion.
752:
of China warned that the Viets were about to attack his country, demanded China for protection and war materials. In 1375
3066:
1156:
696:
478:
1214:
867:
806:
to move royal treasures to Mount Thienkien and the Kha-lang Caves in 1379. After the Cham retreated back to Thanh Hoá,
803:
446:(a historic rival of Champa) both felt into swiftly declining due to climate changes, population expansion, widespread
2852:
2627:
1413:
955:
871:
467:
406:
2713:
997:
991:
3122:
2835:
2600:
2436:
1417:
1305:
951:
882:
839:
774:
741:
700:
471:
185:
2988:
1096:, lit. The bright flower of the Cham people). During its peak, Chế Bồng Nga's empire could have extended from the
718:, set the city on fire, seized women, jewels, and silks. All Vietnamese books held in the royal palace were lost.
665:, but was repulsed. These events kicked off the Champa-Dai Viet clashes that lasted for the next two decades. The
2532:
1198:: Chế Bồng Nga defeated and killed Duệ Tông. Cham troops pursued the surviving Viet soldiers; 2nd sack of Hanoi.
1184:
1033:
778:
745:
714:
in Spring 1371 while the Vietnamese had no organized army left in defense. Cham force sacked the Viet capital of
189:
870:
who joined a conspiracy to overthrow Hồ Quý Ly and other conspirators. Ten-year-old Prince Ngung was crowned as
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
2862:
2428:
1145:
695:
Trần Dụ Tông was an incompetent and impotent ruler that he had no heir to succeed. He picked his brother's son
601:
550:
463:
2830:
1487:
2799:
2307:
1491:
1385:
53:
1439:
1206:
The defected prince Trần Húc sponsored by Chế Bồng Nga, claimed to be king of Dai Viet; 3rd sack of Hanoi.
854:
3117:
2525:
912:
505:
450:, famines and many other factions, which contributed to Champa's resurgence of the 14th century. In 1360,
117:
1058:
942:
578:
3017:
2963:
1141:
1073:
1045:
770:
636:
451:
2947:
2892:
2565:
824:
574:
2815:
1324:
Rebellions against Hồ Quý Ly; Chế Bồng Nga launched a new northward campaign; rebels occupied Hanoi.
835:
542:
439:
423:
387:
152:
2847:
2615:
1375:
878:
521:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
293:
47:
3046:
3025:
2937:
2917:
2867:
2773:
2662:
2647:
2373:
2330:
Strange Parallels: Integration of the Mainland Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800-1830, Vol 1
2272:
2242:
1380:
1053:
573:
or Chế Năng (r. 1312–1318), son of the Yavadvipa (Javanese) Queen Tapasi become a vassal of emperor
474:) to Champa. Declined to this demand, Trần Dụ Tông sent an army to strike Champa but was repulsed.
393:
2733:
2570:
654:, was crowned as King of Champa. In 1361, Champa raided Đại Việt's southern coast, plundering the
3051:
2718:
2693:
2667:
1040:. Four former territories gained by Hồ Hán Thương were returned to Champa. Champa was visited by
662:
2264:
757:
285:
205:
1234:
1032:
In 1406, in the banner of restoring the Trần dynasty, 215,000 Chinese troops ordered by Yongle
820:
17:
3030:
2657:
2610:
2605:
2557:
2503:
2458:
2414:
2377:
2345:
2311:
2276:
2250:
589:
180:
2927:
1230:
946:
807:
753:
526:
427:
201:
128:
2768:
2637:
2325:
1261:
Unsuccessful Vietnamese naval strike; Chế Bồng Nga launched a new offensive cut through the
1195:
1037:
1036:
Dai Viet, arrested the Hồ kings, their family and turned Dai Viet kingdom into the empire's
982:
843:
830:
In summer of that year, Chế Bồng Nga launched a new northward offensive. Advised by general
727:
597:
494:
364:
193:
168:
2942:
2393:
Sandhtakalaning Majapahit: Learning the Dynamics of Majapahit as Nusantara's great strength
570:
2723:
2337:
1286:
1097:
938:
907:
799:
783:
711:
562:
498:
101:
81:
77:
2932:
2912:
513:
3061:
658:
areas, its surrounding highlands and kidnapped local youth who gathered during holiday.
566:
558:
2973:
2688:
2683:
1367:
1353:
1262:
1085:
1021:
971:
749:
707:
678:
623:
482:
447:
89:
2756:
2580:
1049:
986:
Mainland Southeast Asia in 1410s as Dai Viet was conquered by the Ming dynasty in 1407
651:
593:
455:
279:
273:
3081:
2922:
2751:
1297:
Chế Bồng Nga sent his son Po Pu Iyang Sivaraja head an embassy to the Chinese court.
1281:
A fleet led by Hồ Quý Ly was forced to return due to typhoon; Chế Bồng Nga's general
1081:
934:
670:
632:
1105:
706:
Chế Bồng Nga then massed a large fleet, heading north. The fleet sailed across the
674:
538:
443:
1475:
1226:
565:
was considered a national disgrace to Champa. In response to this, Chế Mân's son,
2887:
2299:
1463:
1253:
Cham naval and land assault on Thanh Hoá, but was defeated by Nguyễn Đa Phương.
1077:
666:
435:
164:
2590:
1502:
1343:
1116:
1013:
891:
788:
645:
627:
Depiction of a naval battle between the Cham and the Khmer on the Bayon relief
554:
509:
669:
also played an important role during the beginning of the conflict. In 1361,
549:, formerly hostile states, close together. In 1306, Đại Việt retired emperor
2247:
The History of Tchampa (the Cyamba of Marco Polo, Now Annam Or Cochin-China)
2500:
Fighting Ships of the Far East (1): China and Southeast Asia 202 BC–AD 1419
974:(r. 1400–1441), who would confront Hồ Quý Ly in the next brief border war.
858:
Relief renders two Viet warriors on a vase, 13-14th century. Pictograph by
2761:
2708:
2585:
1282:
1144:
demanded Đại Việt court the return of the two former provinces Ô and Lý.
1112:
1041:
966:
930:
903:
896:
831:
176:
2703:
655:
581:(r. 1314–1329, son of Trần Anh Tông) and was forced to go into exile in
438:(r. 1360 – 1390) in the late 14th century, from 1367 to 1390. By 1330s,
2904:
517:
608:(r. 1342–1360), asking the Trần for an intervention. According to the
2882:
2698:
2548:
906:
got his king's body back, cremating it and withdrew the army back to
673:'s envoy requested military support from the Vietnamese to fight the
546:
504:
It was also the first time in Indochina gunpowder weapons and lethal
459:
431:
257:
147:
2784:
585:. Champa was taken over by the Vietnamese for the next eight years.
2269:
The Making of South East Asia (RLE Modern East and South East Asia)
604:(r. 1341–1369) due to a succession dispute with his brother-in-law
2517:
1451:
981:
853:
731:
715:
622:
490:
486:
529:, the prominent chief minister who promoted a series of reforms.
2595:
1101:
877:
The Viet army became fragmented and lost morale. A Trần prince,
582:
85:
2788:
2521:
1217:
moved the state treasures to Mount Thienke and Kha Lang Caves.
577:(r. 1293–1314). Chế Năng rebelled in 1318, but was defeated by
462:, reunited the Chams under his banner, and in 1367 he demanded
229:
225:
600:, a royal member of the Cham court defected to the court of
895:
provides another version of Chế Bồng Nga's death: La Khai (
501:, threatening Đại Việt's existence and its ruling dynasty.
1776:
1774:
1772:
1528:
1526:
1524:
2457:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 168–203,
2125:
2123:
2121:
2108:
2106:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1675:
1673:
1017:
does not record a war in 1403 between Champa and Annam.
422:
was a costly military confrontation fought between the
2304:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
958:
into abdicating, installed two-year-old Prince An as
3039:
3016:
2972:
2956:
2903:
2823:
2744:
2676:
2556:
1126:
1048:several times. From 1418 to 1427 Vietnamese leader
553:(r. 1278–1293) married off his daughter, Princess
497:, and rapidly extended his Champa Empire into the
2448:. Yale Center for International and Area Studies.
1148:responded by attacking Champa, but was repulsed.
1020:In 1403 Hán Thương sent an embassy to China. The
722:Battle of Vijaya and second sack of Hanoi in 1378
2404:, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 72–120
3057:Chinese script (administrative/academic script)
32:
1115:found in various pagodas on both sides of the
744:crowned his younger brother Trần Kính as king
2800:
2533:
2455:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art
2294:. Ho Chi Minh: Parkstone Press International.
1429:identified by Maspero as Jaya Simhavarman IV.
1111:Cham influence can also be detected in stone
466:the return of two former provinces Ô and Lý (
241:
8:
2446:Vietnam, Hồ Quý Ly, and the Ming (1371-1421)
1308:appointed Hồ Quý Ly as the chief minister.
27:14th century regional conflict in Indochina
2807:
2793:
2785:
2540:
2526:
2518:
1104:, to former territories controlled by the
1076:is remembered as the greatest hero of the
937:based on excavation study on 14th century
643:) or A-da-a-zhe (阿荅阿者) as reported in the
248:
234:
226:
29:
2049:
2037:
1285:commanded the Cham army and attacked the
516:where Chế Bồng Nga was killed in 1390 by
2201:
2189:
2025:
1989:
1977:
1941:
1929:
1888:
1876:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1739:
1715:
1664:
1640:
1568:
1532:
996:In 1401 Hồ Quý Ly raised his second son
596:won back independence in 1326. In 1342,
2663:New Champa (Champa resistance movement)
2225:
2177:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2112:
2097:
2061:
2001:
1917:
1840:
1828:
1763:
1751:
1691:
1652:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1544:
1520:
1396:
537:The mutual struggle against the Mongol
477:In 1369, the crown of Đại Việt went to
3007:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
2633:Champa during the reign of Po Binasuor
2213:
2073:
1965:
1953:
1905:
1864:
1727:
1679:
1628:
1556:
902:The Cham army collapsed. Cham general
1187:massed 120,000 men to invade Champa.
7:
2411:Cheng Ho and Islam in Southeast Asia
2085:
1852:
1703:
736:Cánh Tiên temple near Vijaya Citadel
2165:
2013:
773:launched incursions into Hoá Châu (
2491:Southeast Asian Warfare, 1300-1900
838:, west of the Viet capital Hanoi.
588:Dai Viet went to conflict against
25:
2249:. Oriental University Institute.
811:resources were almost exhausted.
311:Suryavarman II's wars (1128–1150)
1360:
1346:
1289:, but was unable to take Hanoi.
1273:Cham troops pillaged Thanh Hoá.
1183:Chế Bồng Nga attacked Hoá Châu,
485:assaulted into the Viet capital
46:
2643:Lê Thánh Tông's conquest (1471)
925:Devastation and dynastic change
563:refusal to die with her husband
420:Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1390)
33:Champa–Đại Việt war (1367–1390)
18:Cham–Vietnamese War (1367–1390)
2402:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories
2391:——— (2019),
2361:The Ming Shi Account of Champa
2290:Hubert, Jean-François (2012).
992:Champa–Đại Ngu war (1401–1407)
978:Resuming conflicts (1401–1404)
360:Chế Bồng Nga's war (1367–1390)
1:
2332:. Cambridge University Press.
1159:usurp the crown in Đại Việt.
631:In the year of 1360 (1282 in
557:(Queen Paramecvari), to king
124:Both states severely weakened
3067:Traditional Vietnamese dance
2368:Miksic, John Norman (2016).
1412:Vvyar and Ulik, present-day
815:Fourth sack of Hanoi in 1383
541:in the 13th century brought
407:Mongol invasion of 1282-1284
321:Khmer occupation (1190–1220)
2689:List of dynasties of Champa
2653:Principality of Thuận Thành
2628:Mongol invasion (1283–1285)
2433:A History of the Vietnamese
1061:, however waged a war that
306:Northern Champa (1074–1080)
127:The war led to the fall of
3154:
2836:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
2684:List of monarchs of Champa
2498:Turnbull, Stephen (2012).
2471:Zottoli, Brian A. (2011),
2444:Whitmore, John K. (1985).
2437:Cambridge University Press
2363:. Asia Research Institute.
1233:. Cham forces withdraw to
989:
725:
383:Cham–Vietnamese War (1471)
2502:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2489:Charney, Michael (2004).
1175:Cham force sacked Hanoi.
1163:
1152:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1080:and in Cham folklore. In
650:the youngest son of king
458:was enthroned as king of
340:Cham–Vietnamese War (982)
266:
211:
158:
141:
121:as no territorial changes
60:
45:
37:
3093:14th century in Cambodia
2863:Ming invasion of Vietnam
2611:Javanese raid of 774–787
2475:, University of Michigan
2344:. White Lotus Co., Ltd.
1265:; Fourth sack of Hanoi.
1088:, he is memorialised as
3138:Wars involving Đại Việt
3088:14th century in Vietnam
3001:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
2699:Main capitals of Champa
2395:, Universitas Airlangga
2308:Oxford University Press
1386:Ming conquest of Yunnan
1229:, but was drive off by
54:Mainland Southeast Asia
2370:Ancient Southeast Asia
987:
863:
737:
628:
159:Commanders and leaders
118:Status quo ante bellum
3133:Wars involving Champa
2964:Royal Vietnamese army
1094:Anak Orang Cham Bunga
985:
970:succeeded by his son
857:
735:
691:Sack of Hanoi in 1371
626:
520:of Vietnamese Prince
212:Casualties and losses
2878:Fragmentation period
2623:Cham–Vietnamese wars
2606:Golden Age of Champa
2409:Tan, Ta Sen (2009).
2374:Taylor & Francis
2359:Wade, Geoff (2003).
2273:Taylor & Francis
710:and struck southern
388:Katip Sumat uprising
328:Cham–Vietnamese wars
280:Second Sino–Cham War
40:Cham–Vietnamese wars
3128:History of Đại Việt
3026:Vietnamese language
2843:Song–Vietnamese war
2745:Society and culture
2658:Dissolution in 1832
2204:, pp. 193–194.
2076:, pp. 168–169.
2052:, pp. 372–373.
2004:, pp. 189–190.
1766:, pp. 183–184.
1559:, pp. 128–129.
1054:war of Independence
1038:thirteenth province
967:Jaya Simhavarman VI
434:led by the King of
430:and the kingdom of
394:Ja Thak Wa uprising
286:Third Sino–Cham war
274:First Sino–Cham war
3052:Vietnamese cuisine
2888:Nguyen Cochinchina
2858:Chế Bồng Nga's war
2694:Military of Champa
2668:Timeline of Champa
2342:The Champa Kingdom
988:
864:
738:
629:
401:Cham–Mongolian war
3123:History of Champa
3075:
3074:
3062:Vietnamese script
3031:Vietnamese people
2782:
2781:
2509:978-1-78200-046-4
2464:978-9-971-69459-3
2420:978-9-81230-837-5
2383:978-1-317-27903-7
2351:978-9-747-53499-3
2326:Lieberman, Victor
2317:978-01900-5-379-6
2282:978-1-317-45095-5
2256:978-1-149-97414-8
2243:Aymonier, Etienne
1932:, pp. 21–23.
1891:, pp. 18–19.
1831:, pp. 93–94.
1754:, pp. 92–93.
1595:, pp. 86–87.
1583:, pp. 82–86.
1492:Hưng Yên Province
1337:
1336:
1263:western mountains
1003:According to the
763:According to the
426:under the ruling
415:
414:
224:
223:
137:
136:
16:(Redirected from
3145:
2995:Đại Việt sử lược
2868:Lam Sơn uprising
2853:Mongol invasions
2809:
2802:
2795:
2786:
2566:Sa Huỳnh culture
2542:
2535:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2494:
2476:
2467:
2449:
2440:
2424:
2405:
2396:
2387:
2364:
2355:
2338:Maspero, Georges
2333:
2321:
2295:
2286:
2260:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
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2157:
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2116:
2110:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2050:Lieberman (2003)
2047:
2041:
2038:Lieberman (2003)
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
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1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1488:Tiên Lữ District
1484:
1478:
1474:Near modern-day
1472:
1466:
1462:Near modern-day
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1381:Forty Years' War
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1196:Battle of Vijaya
1127:
1100:to southeastern
1065:Champa in 1471.
965:In Champa, king
825:Nguyễn Đa Phương
760:(c. 1324–1381).
728:Battle of Vijaya
641:Jaya R'čăm B'nga
495:Battle of Vijaya
424:Đại Việt kingdom
365:Battle of Vijaya
345:Amaravati (1044)
261:
250:
243:
236:
227:
198:
173:
62:
61:
50:
30:
21:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3113:1390s conflicts
3108:1380s conflicts
3103:1370s conflicts
3098:1360s conflicts
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3035:
3012:
2989:An Nam chí lược
2968:
2952:
2938:Later Lê/Lê Duy
2899:
2848:Khmer–Cham wars
2831:Jinghai Kingdom
2819:
2813:
2783:
2778:
2740:
2672:
2616:Khmer–Cham wars
2552:
2546:
2516:
2510:
2497:
2488:
2484:
2482:Further reading
2479:
2470:
2465:
2452:
2443:
2427:
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2408:
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2390:
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2289:
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2263:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2202:Whitmore (2011)
2200:
2196:
2190:Aymonier (1893)
2188:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2111:
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2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
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2060:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2026:Whitmore (2011)
2024:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1990:Aymonier (1893)
1988:
1984:
1978:Whitmore (1985)
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1942:Whitmore (2011)
1940:
1936:
1930:Whitmore (1985)
1928:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1904:
1895:
1889:Whitmore (1985)
1887:
1883:
1877:Whitmore (1985)
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1817:Aymonier (1893)
1815:
1811:
1805:Whitmore (1985)
1803:
1799:
1793:Whitmore (1985)
1791:
1787:
1781:Whitmore (2011)
1779:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1740:Whitmore (2011)
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1716:Whitmore (2011)
1714:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1665:Whitmore (2011)
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1641:Aymonier (1893)
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1569:Aymonier (1893)
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1533:Whitmore (2011)
1531:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1376:Khmer–Cham wars
1366:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1287:Red River Delta
1125:
1098:Red River Delta
1071:
994:
980:
956:Trần Thuận Tông
939:Red River Delta
927:
922:
913:status quo ante
872:Trần Thuận Tông
852:
817:
800:Red River Delta
730:
724:
712:Red River Delta
693:
688:
621:
619:Outbreak of war
535:
499:Red River Delta
416:
411:
294:Khmer–Cham wars
262:
256:
254:
204:
200:
194:
188:
179:
175:
169:
110:
104:
102:Pyrrhic victory
92:
82:Central Vietnam
78:Red River Delta
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2983:Đại Việt sử ký
2979:
2977:
2974:Historiography
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
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2920:
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2797:
2789:
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2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2601:Sui–Lâm Ấp war
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2495:
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2483:
2480:
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2477:
2468:
2463:
2450:
2441:
2425:
2419:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2365:
2356:
2350:
2334:
2322:
2316:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2261:
2255:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2226:Zottoli (2011)
2218:
2216:, p. 492.
2206:
2194:
2182:
2180:, p. 202.
2178:Kiernan (2019)
2170:
2168:, p. 175.
2158:
2154:Zottoli (2011)
2146:
2144:, p. 194.
2142:Kiernan (2019)
2134:
2130:Zottoli (2011)
2117:
2113:Zottoli (2011)
2102:
2098:Zottoli (2011)
2090:
2078:
2066:
2064:, p. 193.
2062:Kiernan (2019)
2054:
2042:
2040:, p. 369.
2030:
2028:, p. 195.
2018:
2006:
2002:Kiernan (2019)
1994:
1982:
1970:
1968:, p. 161.
1958:
1956:, p. 160.
1946:
1944:, p. 192.
1934:
1922:
1918:Maspero (2002)
1910:
1908:, p. 159.
1893:
1881:
1869:
1867:, p. 158.
1857:
1845:
1841:Zottoli (2011)
1833:
1829:Maspero (2002)
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1783:, p. 191.
1768:
1764:Kiernan (2019)
1756:
1752:Maspero (2002)
1744:
1742:, p. 190.
1732:
1720:
1718:, p. 188.
1708:
1696:
1692:Zottoli (2011)
1684:
1682:, p. 152.
1669:
1667:, p. 187.
1657:
1653:Zottoli (2011)
1645:
1633:
1631:, p. 144.
1621:
1617:Maspero (2002)
1609:
1605:Maspero (2002)
1597:
1593:Maspero (2002)
1585:
1581:Maspero (2002)
1573:
1561:
1549:
1545:Zottoli (2011)
1537:
1535:, p. 196.
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1422:
1418:Thừa Thiên Huế
1405:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:Vietnam portal
1357:
1354:History portal
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1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1317:
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1309:
1306:Trần Nghệ Tông
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
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1124:
1121:
1070:
1067:
1022:Yongle Emperor
990:Main article:
979:
976:
972:Indravarman VI
952:Trần Nghệ Tông
926:
923:
921:
918:
897:Simhavarman VI
883:Trần Nghệ Tông
879:Trần Khát Chân
851:
848:
840:Trần Nghệ Tông
816:
813:
775:Thừa Thiên Huế
750:Hongwu Emperor
742:Trần Nghệ Tông
726:Main article:
723:
720:
708:Gulf of Tonkin
701:Trần Nghệ Tông
692:
689:
687:
684:
679:Hongwu Emperor
639:(Po Binasuor,
620:
617:
579:Trần Minh Tông
551:Trần Nhân Tông
534:
531:
522:Trần Khát Chân
483:Gulf of Tonkin
472:Thừa Thiên Huế
454:, son of king
448:bubonic plague
413:
412:
410:
409:
398:
397:
391:
385:
380:
375:
370:
369:
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301:Kauthara (950)
290:
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269:Sino–Cham wars
267:
264:
263:
255:
253:
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245:
238:
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221:
218:
214:
213:
209:
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186:Trần Nghệ Tông
183:
161:
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144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
133:
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125:
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93:
90:Gulf of Tonkin
76:
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35:
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26:
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14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3150:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:1300s in Asia
3116:
3114:
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3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
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3019:
3015:
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3002:
2999:
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2993:
2990:
2987:
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2959:
2955:
2949:
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2944:
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2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
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2891:
2889:
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2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
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2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
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2817:
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2798:
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2790:
2787:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2752:Art of Champa
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
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2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:Taylor, K. W.
2426:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:Art of Champa
2288:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2265:Cœdès, George
2262:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2228:, p. 63.
2227:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:Miksic (2016)
2210:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2192:, p. 22.
2191:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2156:, p. 71.
2155:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2132:, p. 68.
2131:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2115:, p. 67.
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:, p. 66.
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:Taylor (2013)
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2016:, p. 76.
2015:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1992:, p. 20.
1991:
1986:
1983:
1980:, p. 30.
1979:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:Taylor (2013)
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:Taylor (2013)
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1920:, p. 94.
1919:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:Taylor (2013)
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:, p. 19.
1878:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:Taylor (2013)
1861:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:, p. 64.
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1819:, p. 19.
1818:
1813:
1810:
1807:, p. 16.
1806:
1801:
1798:
1795:, p. 17.
1794:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1728:Miksic (2019)
1724:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1694:, p. 61.
1693:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1680:Taylor (2013)
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1655:, p. 62.
1654:
1649:
1646:
1643:, p. 17.
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1629:Taylor (2013)
1625:
1622:
1619:, p. 90.
1618:
1613:
1610:
1607:, p. 89.
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1574:
1571:, p. 16.
1570:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:Coedes (2015)
1553:
1550:
1547:, p. 60.
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1358:
1355:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:Cham raid in
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:Trần Duệ Tông
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:Dương Nhật Lễ
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:Jrai language
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:Lê Thánh Tông
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1001:
999:
998:Hồ Hán Thương
993:
984:
977:
975:
973:
968:
963:
961:
960:Trần Thiếu Đế
957:
953:
948:
944:
943:Lê Thánh Tông
940:
936:
935:Yumio Sakurai
932:
924:
919:
917:
916:
914:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
893:
887:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
861:
856:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
814:
812:
809:
805:
801:
796:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
779:Trần Duệ Tông
776:
772:
768:
767:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
746:Trần Duệ Tông
743:
734:
729:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
697:Dương Nhật Lễ
690:
685:
683:
680:
676:
672:
671:Zhu Yuanzhang
668:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:
642:
638:
634:
633:Cham calendar
625:
618:
616:
614:
612:
607:
606:Trà Hòa Bố Để
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
575:Trần Anh Tông
572:
571:Simhavarman V
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
530:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Dương Nhật Lễ
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
395:
392:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
378:Vijaya (1446)
376:
374:
371:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
350:Vijaya (1069)
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
331:
330:
329:
322:
319:
317:
316:Angkor (1177)
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:
270:
265:
259:
251:
246:
244:
239:
237:
232:
231:
228:
219:
216:
215:
210:
207:
203:
199:
197:
191:
190:Trần Duệ Tông
187:
184:
182:
178:
174:
172:
166:
163:
162:
157:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
140:
130:
126:
123:
120:
119:
115:
114:
113:
108:
107:
103:
99:
96:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3018:Demographics
2905:Royal Houses
2883:Trinh Tonkin
2704:Kandapurpura
2638:Islamization
2576:Chinese rule
2499:
2490:
2472:
2454:
2445:
2432:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2369:
2360:
2341:
2329:
2303:
2300:Kiernan, Ben
2291:
2268:
2246:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2093:
2088:, p. 6.
2081:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1855:, p. 5.
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1730:, p. 2.
1723:
1711:
1706:, p. 4.
1699:
1687:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1498:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1425:
1408:
1399:
1146:Trần Dụ Tông
1142:Chế Bồng Nga
1110:
1106:Khmer Empire
1093:
1089:
1074:Chế Bồng Nga
1072:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1002:
995:
964:
928:
911:
901:
890:
888:
876:
865:
829:
818:
797:
794:
787:
771:Chế Bồng Nga
764:
762:
739:
705:
694:
660:
644:
640:
637:Chế Bồng Nga
630:
609:
602:Trần Dụ Tông
587:
539:Yuan dynasty
536:
503:
476:
464:Trần Dụ Tông
452:Chế Bồng Nga
444:Khmer Empire
436:Chế Bồng Nga
428:Trần dynasty
419:
417:
400:
399:
335:Hoa Lư (979)
326:
325:
292:
291:
268:
195:
170:
142:Belligerents
129:Trần dynasty
116:
38:Part of the
2976:/Chronicles
2571:Hồ Tôn Tinh
2086:Wade (2003)
1853:Wade (2003)
1704:Wade (2003)
1486:Modern-day
1438:Modern-day
1215:Trần Phế Đế
1090:R'čăm B'nga
1078:Cham people
1052:launched a
868:Trần Phế Đế
804:Trần Phế Đế
769:, in 1376,
667:Ming empire
396:(1833–1834)
165:Po Binasuor
109:Territorial
100:Vietnamese
52:Map of the
3082:Categories
2873:Golden Age
2769:Cham music
2729:Panduranga
2677:Government
2648:Rump state
2166:Tan (2009)
2014:Sun (2006)
1511:References
1503:Quang Ngai
1235:Quảng Bình
1123:Chronology
1108:in south.
1026:Ming Shilu
1014:Ming Shilu
892:Ming Shilu
821:Quảng Bình
789:Ming Shilu
758:Đỗ Tử Bình
716:Thăng Long
646:Ming Shilu
555:Huyen Tran
533:Background
514:Luộc River
510:Ming China
487:Thăng Long
220:very heavy
217:very heavy
206:Đỗ Tử Bình
56:by 1400 AD
2893:Civil War
2719:Indrapura
2709:Simhapura
2413:. ISEAS.
1516:Citations
1440:Quảng Nam
1414:Quảng Trị
1231:Hồ Quý Ly
1227:Thanh Hoá
1117:Red River
1113:pedestals
1063:decimated
947:Hồ Quý Ly
920:Aftermath
844:Red River
808:Hồ Quý Ly
754:Hồ Quý Ly
663:Indrapura
652:Chế A Nan
594:Chế A Nan
590:Sukhothai
527:Hồ Quý Ly
468:Quảng Trị
456:Chế A Nan
373:1400–1407
355:1104–1107
282:(445–446)
202:Hồ Quý Ly
68:1367–1390
3047:Buddhism
2957:Military
2918:Early Lê
2818:articles
2816:Đại Việt
2762:Po Nagar
2714:Virapura
2586:Quduqian
2551:articles
2493:. Brill.
2431:(2013).
2340:(2002).
2328:(2003).
2302:(2019).
2267:(2015).
2245:(1893).
1464:Qui Nhơn
1340:See also
1042:Zheng He
1006:Toàn thư
931:democide
777:). King
766:Toàn thư
740:In 1372
611:Toàn Thư
543:Đại Việt
518:firearms
506:firearms
440:Đại Việt
181:Trần Húc
153:Đại Việt
73:Location
3040:Culture
2948:Tây Sơn
2824:History
2558:History
2235:Sources
1476:Hạ Long
1283:La Khai
1034:invaded
904:La Khai
836:Sơn Tây
832:La Khai
686:The war
675:Mongols
567:Chế Chí
559:Chế Mân
196:†
177:La Khai
171:†
131:in 1400
111:changes
3009:(1884)
3003:(1479)
2997:(1377)
2991:(1335)
2985:(1272)
2757:Mỹ Sơn
2734:Panrik
2724:Vijaya
2591:Boliao
2581:Lâm Ấp
2549:Champa
2506:
2461:
2417:
2380:
2348:
2314:
2279:
2253:
1133:Event
1069:Legacy
1050:Lê Lợi
908:Vijaya
784:Vijaya
598:Chế Mô
547:Champa
460:Champa
432:Champa
390:(1832)
367:(1377)
258:Champa
192:
167:
148:Champa
97:Result
1452:Hanoi
1392:Notes
1329:1390
1321:1389
1313:1388
1302:1387
1294:1386
1278:1385
1270:1384
1258:1383
1250:1382
1242:1381
1222:1380
1211:1379
1203:1378
1192:1377
1180:1376
1172:1371
1164:1370
1153:1369
1138:1368
1130:Time
1046:fleet
850:Truce
508:from
491:Hanoi
489:(now
288:(605)
276:(248)
2928:Trần
2913:Đinh
2774:Ware
2596:Xitu
2504:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2415:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2277:ISBN
2251:ISBN
1450:Now
1416:and
1102:Laos
1084:and
1011:the
889:The
860:EFEO
583:Java
545:and
470:and
442:and
418:The
260:Wars
86:Laos
65:Date
2943:Mạc
1082:Ede
1044:'s
656:Huế
635:),
3084::
2933:Hồ
2923:Lý
2435:.
2376:.
2372:.
2310:.
2306:.
2275:.
2271:.
2120:^
2105:^
1896:^
1771:^
1672:^
1523:^
1490:,
1237:.
945:.
88:,
84:,
80:,
2808:e
2801:t
2794:v
2541:e
2534:t
2527:v
2512:.
2439:.
2423:.
2386:.
2354:.
2320:.
2285:.
2259:.
1420:.
1092:(
1008:,
915:.
862:.
648:,
613:,
249:e
242:t
235:v
20:)
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