351:
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33:
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175:, the pioneers of the manufacture of high-precision lenses for observatory telescopes, a new plant was set up to manufacture crown and flint glass for lighthouse optics, telescopes and cameras. Bontemps agreed to share the secret with Chance Brothers and stayed in England to collaborate with them for six years. Just three other companies in Britain made glass in the same way,
131:. The company ran into difficulty and its survival was guaranteed in 1832 by investment from Chance's brother, William (29 August 1788 – 8 February 1856) who owned an iron factoring business in Great Charles Street, Birmingham. After the partnership with the Hartley Brothers was dissolved in 1836, Lucas and William Chance became partners in the business, which was renamed
207:
507:
to increase the available light output; the cages, known as optics, revolutionised lighthouse design. Another important innovation from Chance
Brothers was the introduction of rotating optics, allowing adjacent lighthouses to be distinguished from each other by the number of times per revolution that
1098:
Journal of
Scientific & Industrial Research Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (India) – 1956 "THE PROCESS The Veridia process represents a real step forward in methods of fabricating glass. Glass tubes can now be produced with internal dimensions of the highest accuracy, comparable
426:
In 1992, during a period of rationalisation at
Pilkingtons, a management buy-out reverted the Chance plant in Malvern to private ownership and it became an independent company, changing its registered name to Chance Glass Limited, but retaining the historical Chance logo. Since then the company has
422:
The production of flat glass ceased at
Smethwick in 1976. The remainder of the works closed in 1981 ending more than 150 years of glass production at Smethwick and all flat glass production was absorbed by Pilkington's St Helens factories. Remaining glass tube processing, especially the manufacture
419:. By the end of 1952 Pilkington had assumed full financial control of Chance Brothers, but were not actively involved in its management until the mid- to late-1960s. When plastic disposable syringes displaced glass in the late 1960s, the range of its precision bore product was diversified.
490:
to keep the vaporizer warm and the fuel in vapour form. The fuel was forced up to the lamp by air; the keepers had to pump the air container up every hour or so. This in turn pressurized the paraffin container to force the fuel to the lamp. The white cloth is an unburnt
305:(22 March 1814 – 6 January 1902), a grandson of William Chance who had started the family business in 1771. James became head of Chance Brothers until his retirement in 1889, when the company became a public company and its name changed to
294:(1810–1879) the American philanthropist and social activist, once said about Chance, "In no other establishment in the world can one get such a full idea of the infinite uses which glass is made to serve as in these immense works."
154:
Chance
Brothers was amongst the earliest glass works to carry out the cylinder process in Europe, and the company became known as "... the greatest glass manufacturer in Britain." In 1832, it made the first British
346:
that included many innovative designs, including the famous Swirl pattern (1955), and also Lace (1951), Night Sky (1957), Green Leaves (1958), Calypto (1959), with floral depictions from 1965 with
Anemone.
2350:
612:, Chance became a major contributor to developing new methods for producing cathode ray tubes during World War II that were the precursors of CRT television screen. The tubes at that time were used for
503:
engineering company, producing optical components, machinery, and other equipment for lighthouses around the world. James
Timmins Chance pioneered placing lighthouse lamps inside a cage surrounded by
2385:
695:
548:. The damaged glass pieces needed to be replaced, but because of a difference in colour, it was decided to replace all the glass. The glass replaced by Chance Brothers was opal glass.
2395:
556:
In about 1848, Chance was one of the first companies to produce very long pieces of window glass, following technology developed as a result of finding a solution for an order from
911:
2360:
2380:
331:
In 1933, the company was reported to be involved in an attempt to contact "any intelligent life" on the planet Mars, using adapted lighthouse optics from a mountaintop, the
81:
in the agglomeration of the
Midlands industrial heartland, they took advantage of the skilled workers, canals and many advances that were taking place in the industrial
1624:
661:
127:(8 October 1782 – 7 March 1865), known as 'Lucas', bought the British Crown Glass Company's works in Spon Lane in November 1822. The company specialised in making
2355:
1368:
273:. The French lens craftsman George Bontemps helped on the project, which for its day was a very large lens. They only made part of the lens which was a doublet,
350:
1897:
1165:
Chance
Expressions, A History of Domestic Glassware from Chance Brothers - the study of all the domestic glassware produced by Chance Brothers from 1929–1981
191:. During 1832, Chance Brothers became the first company to adopt the cylinder method to produce sheet glass, and became the largest British manufacturer of
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934:
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at one of its small subsidiary factories. The social and economic impact of the company on the region is the subject of a project sponsored by the
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533:
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2020:
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317:
The company in partnership with the
Ministry of Munitions' Optical Munitions and Glass Department expanded significantly during World War I
88:
Throughout its almost two centuries of history many changes affected the company which, now in private ownership, continues to function as
1573:
388:
407:
acquired a 50% shareholding in 1945 but the Chance operation continued to be largely separately managed and a factory was established in
1902:
415:
where the operation was incorporated as an arms-length subsidiary. In 1948 the Malvern plant produced the world's first interchangeable
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382:
247:
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767:
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171:, a French glassmaker from Choisy-le-Roi, who had purchased the secret of the stirrer after the deaths of Pierre Louis Guinand and
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1942:
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1202:
Chance Reflections, Volume 1: c.1500–1836, The History, Glass and Technologies of Chance Brothers & Associated Companies
580:, Chance Brothers was responsible for perfecting the manufacture of glass for the earliest optical lenses to block harmful
1807:
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warehouses and adjacent canal bridges on the BCN New Main Line. The works lie within the Smethwick Summit - Galton Valley
2345:
633:
320:
In the early 20th century, many new ways of making glass evolved at Chance Brothers such as the innovative welding of a
1922:
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continued to develop its range of products and processes, and areas now served include the pharmaceutical, chemical,
793:
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32:
184:
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242:, (built 1840–1860). At that time it was the only firm able to make the opal glass for the four faces of the
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400:'King of Hearts' ashtray, retaining its "Chance Glass-A member of the Pilkington Group" maker's sticker
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1373:
Printed for private circulation by Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. (a postscript was added in 1926)
1184:
Chance Additions, A Sequel to Chance Expressions, A History of Domestic Glassware from Chance Brothers
2091:
2002:
1867:
1752:
1687:
1667:
1013:
512:, the noted English physicist and engineer, invented this system, while employed at Chance Brothers.
412:
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62:), in England. It was a leading glass manufacturer and a pioneer of British glassmaking technology.
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985:"Chance Glass :: A Comprehensive Guide to Fiestaware, Handkerchief Vases & Pressed Glass"
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Glass ashtray, from a design by Kenneth Townsend, part of the 'Sights of London' series (1970s)
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1982:
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524:. During the 20th century, rolled-plate glass became the mainstay of the company's operation.
483:
448:
215:
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Chance Bros developed precision bore glass tubing under the trade name Veridia in the 1950s.
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as farmers and craftsmen, before setting up business in Smethwick in 1822. Situated between
486:(methylated spirit) burner to light. When lit some of the vaporised fuel was diverted to a
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1977:
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664:. Additional papers are held at the Cadbury Research Library, University of Birmingham.
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glass using French and Belgian workers. In 1839, a new process to grind the surfaces of
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1355:
A History of the Firm of Chance Brothers & Co., Glass and Alkali Manufacturers
222:
459:, built in the early 1890s, is still in operation at this historic light station.
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1392:- The organisation involved with the restoration of the Chance Brothers' site.
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648:. There is a listed memorial to James Timmins Chance, one of the partners, in
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1432:"9/135 Double range of warehouses on canal side, 1840-52- Grade II (1077128)"
965:. Vol. 67, no. 76. Queensland, Australia. 30 March 1933. p. 11
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glass slides, painted glassware, glass tubing and specialist types of glass.
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Chance Brothers Glassworks, (Slide and Transcript no 13 by Arthur Reeves).
1558:"Memorial to James J. Chance in West Smethwick Park - Grade II (1077101)"
584:
rays from the sun while retaining transparency. Chance continued to use
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227:
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One of the dials of the Great Clock of Westminster, popularly known as
200:
1404:- Pressed and slumped glassware produced by Chance Brothers, 1929–1981
1344:. London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston. pp. 109–111 – via
870:. London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston. pp. 279–291 – via
423:
of syringes and laboratory glassware, was moved to the Malvern plant.
1947:
1842:
1204:. Cortex Design. ISBN 9780956809363 (PDF). ISBN 9780956809643 (Print)
452:
288:, but problems with coal supply led to the closure of that business.
192:
1070:
British patent No.312,728 filed 19 March 1928, Accorded 6 June 1929
760:
A Short History of Technology: from the earliest times to A.D. 1900
714:; translated by John C. Harvey; p. 47. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press
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31:
1289:
Bontemps on Glassmaking: the Guide du verrier of Georges Bontemps
1383:
1058:
865:
Walks in the Black Country and its Green Border-Land; Chapter 11
1606:
1339:
Walks in the Black Country and its Green Border-Land; Chapter 7
984:
1401:
478:
until 1976. The lamp (made in approx. 1914) burned vaporized
1291:. Translated by Michael Cable. Society of Glass Technology.
758:
Derry, Thomas Kingston & Williams, Trevor Illtyd (1993)
520:
One of Chance's major contributions was the development of
1389:
1267:
Making Scientific Instruments in the Industrial Revolution
887:: "Chance, James Timmins, first baronet", by Charles Welch
269:
They made a 24-inch (62 cm) flint glass lens for the
1450:"9/132 Seven storey warehouse, 1847 - Grade II (1287117)"
254:
in America were also made there. Other products included
2351:
Grade II listed buildings in the West Midlands (county)
600:(CRTs) just before the outbreak of World War II. Using
560:
for a large greenhouse on the Chatsworth estate of the
532:
The German opal glass in the faces of the clock in the
377:
sets, making up to 7,000 per week. In 1943 the artist
2386:
Defunct companies based in the West Midlands (county)
568:
in 1851 and which earned Joseph Paxton a knighthood.
2160:
2029:
2011:
1638:
1248:
Houses of glass: a nineteenth-century building type
1080:
Broadfield House Glass Museum, Kingswinford, Dudley
712:
Houses of Glass: a nineteenth-century building type
1099:with that obtained by high grade machining of ..."
900:(1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
787:
785:
783:
738:King, Henry C. & Jones, Harold Spencer (2003)
710:Kohlmaier, Georg & Sartory, Barna von (1986)
230:. (The minute hand is 14 feet (4.3 m) long.)
92:, a specialised industrial glass manufacturer in
1540:"9/12 Canal railway bridge - Grade II (1342646)"
1522:"9/10 Hartley Canal bridge - Grade II (1077153)"
660:The archives of Chance Brothers Ltd are held at
640:canals near the Spon Lane locks and has several
234:Other Chance Brothers projects included glazing
27:Former glass manufacturers in Smethwick, England
935:"How the Great War Changed the Optics Industry"
662:Sandwell Community History and Archives Service
385:, WAAC, to paint pictures recording such work.
238:to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, and the
2396:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1992
1227:King, Henry C.; Jones, Harold Spencer (2003).
792:Information, Reed Business (2 December 1982).
540:) of the Houses of Parliament were damaged by
280:In 1870 Chance Brothers took over the failing
1618:
1246:Kohlmaier, Georg; von Sartory, Barna (1991).
1210:Lighthouses: The Race to Illuminate the World
8:
1010:"Glass-blowers 'Gathering' from the Furnace"
896:Kidd, Charles; Williamson, David (editors).
369:, the company was involved in production of
2361:Manufacturing companies established in 1824
1468:"9/133 Two warehouses - Grade II (1077127)"
1250:. Translated by John C. Harvey. MIT Press.
355:Glass-blowers 'Gathering' from the Furnace.
2381:Defunct manufacturing companies of England
1625:
1611:
1603:
1398:, West Midlands industrial history project
1367:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
973:– via National Library of Australia.
499:From 1851, Chance Brothers became a major
482:(paraffin); the vaporizer was heated by a
469:Incandescent Petroleum Vapour Installation
309:. Sir James Chance was the first baronet.
1898:Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano
1504:"9/11 Canal bridge - Grade II (1214811)"
1034:Sacha Llewellyn & Paul Liss (2016).
885:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
685:
431:, electronics and lighting industries.
1486:"9/134 Warehouse - Grade II (1279456)"
1360:
1208:Chance, Toby; Williams, Peter (2008).
809:
799:
742:; p. 176. Courier Dover Publications,
534:Elizabeth Tower, Palace of Westminster
150:, 1902 (possibly painted posthumously)
2356:British companies established in 1824
2021:List of defunct glassmaking companies
762:; p. 20. Courier Dover Publications,
7:
1036:WWII War Pictures by British Artists
167:. In 1848 under the supervision of
1563:National Heritage List for England
1545:National Heritage List for England
1527:National Heritage List for England
1509:National Heritage List for England
1491:National Heritage List for England
1473:National Heritage List for England
1455:National Heritage List for England
1437:National Heritage List for England
1421:Images of England listed buildings
837:National Heritage List for England
25:
2391:1992 disestablishments in England
1408:Chance Brothers Archive Catalogue
1386:- Website for the Malvern company
471:which produced the light for the
250:. The ornamental windows for the
1402:The Domestic Glassware of Chance
898:Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage
632:The glassworks lies between the
564:. It led to a contract to glaze
65:The Chance family originated in
36:Chance's Glassworks, Spon Lane,
1135:"UoB Calmview5: Search results"
638:Old Main Line and New Main Line
588:as a tradename into the 1960s.
383:War Artists' Advisory Committee
50:originally based in Spon Lane,
2376:1824 establishments in England
1308:Cultures of glass architecture
1114:www.chancearchive.blogspot.com
832:"Nailsea Glassworks (1021462)"
246:which houses the famous bell,
1:
2341:Defunct glassmaking companies
1958:Sterlite Optical Technologies
1808:Kokomo Opalescent Glass Works
307:Chance Brothers & Co. Ltd
2366:Companies based in Smethwick
1265:Morrison-Low, A. D. (2007).
1229:The History of the Telescope
912:"The British Glass Scramble"
740:The History of the Telescope
656:Chance Brothers Ltd archives
634:Birmingham Canal Navigations
1038:. Liss Llewellyn Fine Art.
576:Based on technology by Sir
495:on which the vapour burned.
133:Chance Brothers and Company
44:Chance Brothers and Company
2412:
1396:The Infinite Uses of Glass
275:Thames Plate Glass Company
1200:Encill, David P. (2024).
1182:Encill, David P. (2014).
1163:Encill, David P. (2007).
1110:"Chance Brothers Archive"
1085:29 September 2007 at the
1059:official Chance web site.
467:An 85 mm Chance Brothers
411:in 1947 to specialise in
1748:Firozabad glass industry
1743:Fenton Art Glass Company
381:was commissioned by the
338:Chance also popularised
144:Sir James Timmins Chance
2371:Malvern, Worcestershire
2052:Irving Wightman Colburn
1633:Glass makers and brands
1306:Elkadi, Hisham (2006).
409:Malvern, Worcestershire
244:Westminster Clock Tower
210:The transept façade of
94:Malvern, Worcestershire
1353:Chance, J. F. (1919).
1310:. Ashgate Publishing.
1061:retrieved 7 June 2009.
496:
460:
455:. The Chance Brothers
449:Heceta Head Lighthouse
401:
393:
362:
260:ornamental lamp shades
231:
219:
151:
121:
40:
2117:Henry William Stiegel
1848:Mats Jonasson Målerås
1788:Holmegaard Glassworks
1413:17 April 2015 at the
1390:Chance Heritage Trust
937:. The Optical Society
914:. The Optical Society
693:Revolutionary Players
620:Precision bore tubing
466:
447:
399:
391:
361:(Art.IWM ART LD 2851)
353:
277:made the other part.
225:
209:
173:Joseph von Fraunhofer
141:
116:
98:Heritage Lottery Fund
35:
2092:Michael Joseph Owens
1668:Aurora Glass Foundry
1014:Imperial War Museums
698:24 June 2007 at the
616:detection displays.
303:James Timmins Chance
240:Houses of Parliament
165:James Timmins Chance
157:cylinder blown sheet
90:Chance Glass Limited
2346:Lighthouse builders
2180:Bomex/Duran/Endural
2097:Alastair Pilkington
1773:Guardian Industries
1678:Barovier & Toso
1585: /
1139:calmview.bham.ac.uk
989:www.chanceglass.net
650:West Smethwick Park
562:Dukes of Devonshire
508:the light flashes.
405:Pilkington Brothers
125:Robert Lucas Chance
120:– from a photograph
118:Robert Lucas Chance
2042:Richard M. Atwater
1863:Nippon Sheet Glass
1803:Kingdom of Crystal
1723:Dartington Crystal
812:has generic name (
566:the Crystal Palace
522:rolled-plate glass
516:Rolled-plate glass
497:
461:
402:
394:
363:
335:, in Switzerland.
282:Nailsea Glassworks
236:the Crystal Palace
232:
220:
212:The Crystal Palace
152:
129:crown window glass
122:
41:
2328:
2327:
2137:Tomasz Urbanowicz
2127:Lino Tagliapietra
2122:S. Donald Stookey
1973:Val Saint Lambert
1868:Nižbor glassworks
1783:Hardman & Co.
1298:978-0-900682-60-5
1285:Bontemps, Georges
1276:978-0-7546-5758-3
1231:. Courier Dover.
1186:. Cortex Design.
1167:. Cortex Design.
1045:978-0-9930884-2-1
776:978-0-486-27472-0
728:978-0-262-61070-4
646:Conservation area
608:glass similar to
598:cathode ray tubes
596:Chance developed
592:Cathode ray tubes
484:denatured alcohol
371:cathode ray tubes
16:(Redirected from
2403:
2077:Edward D. Libbey
2047:Frederick Carder
1627:
1620:
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1589:52.506°N 1.993°W
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1554:Historic England
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1536:Historic England
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1518:Historic England
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1500:Historic England
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1482:Historic England
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1464:Historic England
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1446:Historic England
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1428:Historic England
1384:Chance Glass Ltd
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413:laboratory glass
322:cathode ray tube
301:was created for
187:and Cooksons of
169:Georges Bontemps
163:was patented by
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2147:John M. Whitall
2132:W. E. S. Turner
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1988:Watts & Co.
1708:Caithness Glass
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1415:Wayback Machine
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1326:Further reading
1318:
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1212:. New Holland.
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85:at the time.
84:
83:West Midlands
80:
79:Black Country
76:
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60:Staffordshire
58:(formerly in
57:
56:West Midlands
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2190:Chevron bead
2142:Paolo Venini
2087:Antonio Neri
2067:A. H. Heisey
1978:Vallérysthal
1938:Saint-Gobain
1858:Mosser Glass
1688:Blenko Glass
1658:Ardagh Group
1653:Arc Holdings
1570:
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1157:Bibliography
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1094:
1075:
1066:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1004:
992:. Retrieved
988:
979:
967:. Retrieved
960:
957:"Light Beam"
951:
939:. Retrieved
928:
916:. Retrieved
905:
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884:
880:
864:
853:
841:. Retrieved
835:
822:
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688:
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631:
623:
606:borosilicate
601:
595:
585:
575:
555:
546:World War II
531:
519:
498:
468:
457:Fresnel lens
425:
421:
403:
379:Mervyn Peake
367:world War II
364:
359:Mervyn Peake
354:
337:
330:
319:
316:
313:20th century
306:
296:
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279:
268:
233:
153:
148:Joseph Gibbs
142:Portrait of
132:
123:
109:19th century
89:
87:
64:
43:
42:
29:
18:Chance Bros.
2215:Dragontrail
2200:CorningWare
2112:Otto Schott
2102:Flavio Poli
2030:Glassmakers
1998:Xinyi Glass
1943:Saint-Louis
1853:Moser Glass
1753:Franz Mayer
1592: /
1269:. Ashgate.
1144:11 February
1019:31 December
582:ultraviolet
572:Ultraviolet
552:Large glass
528:Clock faces
440:Lighthouses
342:tableware,
328:detection.
252:White House
197:plate glass
161:plate glass
2335:Categories
2245:Millefiori
2163:and brands
2161:Trademarks
2037:John Adams
1908:Pilkington
1813:Kosta Boda
1577:52°30′22″N
1346:Wikisource
941:11 October
918:11 October
872:Wikisource
680:References
501:lighthouse
476:lighthouse
435:Technology
373:for early
357:(1943) by
344:Fiestaware
297:In 1900 a
264:microscope
185:Sunderland
177:Pilkington
75:Birmingham
67:Bromsgrove
48:glassworks
2310:Waterford
2300:Vitrolite
2275:Ravenhead
2225:Fire-King
2210:Cristallo
2205:Cranberry
2062:Friedrich
2014:companies
1983:Waterford
1968:Swarovski
1903:Phu Phong
1873:O-I Glass
1793:Holophane
1768:Glaverbel
1718:Crystalex
1641:companies
1580:1°59′35″W
1363:cite book
1357:. London.
604:glass, a
542:Luftwaffe
536:(housing
429:metrology
324:used for
299:baronetcy
258:windows,
216:Hyde Park
203:glasses.
189:Newcastle
181:St Helens
52:Smethwick
38:Smethwick
2175:Bohemian
2107:Salviati
1918:Preciosa
1883:Orrefors
1778:Hadeland
1673:Baccarat
1411:Archived
1335:(1868).
1287:(2008).
1119:10 April
1083:Archived
994:10 April
861:(1868).
802:cite web
696:Archived
668:See also
480:kerosene
333:Jungfrau
286:Somerset
218:, London
77:and the
2320:Zerodur
2295:Vitrite
2290:Visions
2285:Tiffany
2255:Opaline
2235:Gorilla
2220:Favrile
2195:Corelle
2185:Burmese
2012:Defunct
2003:Zwiesel
1963:Steuben
1833:Luoyang
1828:Iittala
1738:Fanavid
1733:Duralex
1713:Corning
1703:Borosil
1639:Current
969:26 June
843:4 April
586:Crookes
538:Big Ben
417:syringe
365:During
248:Big Ben
228:Big Ben
201:optical
104:History
2315:Wood's
2260:Peking
2250:Murano
2230:Forest
1953:Schott
1948:Seguso
1923:Riedel
1843:Mannok
1818:Libbey
1341:
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636:(BCN)
493:mantle
453:Oregon
199:, and
193:window
46:was a
2305:Vycor
2265:Pyrex
2240:Macor
2170:Activ
1888:Osram
1878:Ohara
1763:Glava
1758:Fuyao
1693:Bodum
1663:Asahi
614:radar
610:Pyrex
602:Hysil
375:radar
326:radar
146:, by
2270:Rona
1928:Rona
1798:Hoya
1728:Daum
1369:link
1312:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1271:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1214:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1146:2021
1121:2024
1040:ISBN
1021:2019
996:2024
971:2018
943:2018
920:2018
845:2015
814:help
772:ISBN
764:ISBN
744:ISBN
724:ISBN
716:ISBN
195:and
451:in
284:in
214:in
179:of
69:in
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